98-Pet-B5, May 2015 National Exams May 2015 98-Pet-BS, Well Testing 3 hours duration NOTES: If doubt exists as to the interpretation of any question, the candidate is urged to submit with the answer paper, a clear statement of any assumptions made, This is a CLOSED BOOK exam. ‘Any non-communicating calculator is permitted, FIVE (5) questions constitute a complete exam paper. ‘The first five questions as they appear in the answer book will be marked. All questions are of equal value unless otherwise stated and all parts in a multipart question have equal weight. Clarity and organization of your answers are important, clearly explain your lo Pay close attention to units, some questions involve oilfield units, and these should be answered in the field units. Questions that are set in other units should be answered in the corresponding units AA formula shect is provided at the end of questions Page 1 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 Question 1 (20 Marks) Explain (briefly in one or two sentences) the following concepts. a) Infinite acting reservoir b) Non-Darcy flow ©) Phase redistribution @) Dimensionless time €) Drill stem test ) Pseudo steady state g) Dual porosity reservoir h) Fall offtest i) Drainage area i) Horner time Question 2 (20 Marks) An oil well is producing at a constant rate of 500 STBD in an infinite reservoir. The seismic survey indicates a sealing fault at 25 ft of the well. Calculate the wellbore pressure after 5 days. Wellbore radius, re= 0.25 ft, Total compressibility, cr =5x10° psi, Oil viscosity, jo= 2 cP, Porosity, 6= 0.3, Permeability, k= 250 mD, Formation thickness, = 20 f, formation volume factor, Be = 1.2 bb/STB, Initial pressure, p:= 3000 psi. Sealing Fault Qe Well Page 2of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 Question 3 (20 Marks) A drawdown test has been conducted in an oil well and the following pressure data has been collected during the test, Estimate formation permeability and skin factor from the drawdown test data using the following reservoir and fluid properties. Required semi-log chart is given in the following, Flow rate, g = 90 STBD, Time Formation thickness, h = 17 ft, —hour)__(psia) _ Formation volume factor, Bo~ 1, bb/STB, 1 284 Initial reservoir pressure, p= 1479 psia, 3 215 Porosity, ¢= 0.25, 5 183 ‘Total compressibility, c:~ 7.65%10° psi 7 162 Oil viscosity, zo = 7.86 cP, 9 147 Wellbore radius, rv =0.21 ft. nt 134 13, 124 15. U5 250 200 150 100 50 Page 3 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 Question 4 (20 Marks) Given the following test plots as well as formation and fluid properties for a gas reservoir, estimate the approximate end of wellbore storage, formation permeability and skin factor from the buildup test data using pseudo pressure method. Flowing wellbore pressure prior to shut in, py=1378.84 psia, Pseudo pressure corresponding to pup, Powf, =1.77x10* psia*/cp, Formation thickness, #=10 ft, Gas specific gravity, 740.741 (air = 1.0) Wellbore radius, rw=0.46 ft Formation temperature, 7}=108.9°F, Porosity, $=10.6% Gas production rate, qy=8000 MSCED, Total compressibility, c= 2.238 x10" psia Average gas viscosity yg= 0.02 cP Production time prior to stut in, -=72 br. 1.£+09 ‘LE+08 1.E+07 Pseudo Pressure change (psia’/cP) 1.E+06 0.001 0.01 OL 1 10 At Page 4 of 1498-Pet-B5, May 2015 6.0E+08 5.0E+08 4.0E+08 w B é & 2.0E+08 Pseudo Pressure (psia’/cP) 1.0E+08 0.0E+00 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 (Atet,)/At Question 5 (20 Marks) A pressure build up has been conducted in an oil well in a naturally fractured reservoir. Pressure and derivative data are plotted in the following. Given the following formation and fluid properties estimate skin factor, initial reservoir pressure, and storativity («) from the buildup test data, Oil production rate, = 125 STB/D, Formation thickness, h= 17 ft Oil formation volume factor, B. Production time prior to shut in, tp Formation porosity, §= 13.0%, Total compressibility, cr=7.19 x 10° psi, Flowing wellbore pressure prior to shut in, pref= 211.20 psia, ‘Wellbore radius, rv =0.30 fi, Oil viscosity, 40 = 1.72 cp. .054 rb/STB, 200 har, Page 5 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015, 1000 Pressure (psia) and derivative OL 1 Equivalent time 10000 1000, Horner time ratio Page 6 of 11 100 10 Shut in Pressure (psia)98-Pet-85, May 2015 Question 6 (20 Marks) Pressure and derivative plots for a drawdown test in a hydraulically fractured well are show in the following. Given the reservoir and fluid properties estimate fracture half-length and skin factor for this oil well. Assume an infinite conductivity hydraulic fracture. Required plots and chart are given in the following. Oil rate, g=200 STBD, Reservoir permeability, F=1.95 mD, Formation thickness, h= 12 ft, Oil formation volume factor, Bo = 1.325 bbU/STB, Initial pressure, pi= 3343.40 psia Porosity, ¢= 11.8%, Total compressibility, c= 14.7 x 10% psi Wellbore radius, rw = 0.25 ft Oil viscosity, 4o = 0.49 cP. 10000 1000 100 10 Pressure change(psi) and derivative 1 0.0001 0.001 0.01 01 1 10 100 . 1000 Time (hours) Page 7 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 3500 3300 3100 2900 2700 2500 Question 7 (20 Marks) A two-rate flow test has been conducted on a recently completed well in an undersaturated oil infinite acting reservoir. The well is produced at 25 STBD for 24 hours, ‘The rate is then ‘increased to 50 STBD for 72 hours. A flowing bottom hole wellbore pressure of 1000 psia has been recorded at the end of the second flow period (ie,, total test period of 96 hours). ‘The test was interpreted by a fellow reservoir engineer and a formation permeability of 162.6 ‘mD and a skin factor of 2 have been estimated. Calculate the initial reservoir pressure. Required plot for calculations is given in the following. Formation thickness, h= 50 ft, Oil formation volume factor, Bo = 1.143 bb/STB, Porosity, $= Total compressi Oil viscosity, lity, cr= 10.510 psi", 278 ep, Page 8 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 10 o1 4 0.5[-Ei(-1/4tp)] 0.01 Pp 0.001 0.0001 | . 0.01 OL 1 10 100 1000 \t of dimension! dim Page 9 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 Formula Sheet Slope of semi-log straight line, psi/eycle: m= soe Radius of investigation. * 948, Permeability-thickness product for double porosity reservoirs, mD-ft (kit), Average fracture permeability, mD £, =k h/k ‘Skin factor for buildup test: Skin factor for drawdown test: S= 115 252400 -ro{ 5223 if z Pseudo steady state equations; “Pe. -22340B. ¢psimy a OW 0.074498, qu, 1) = p, EP 4 | Pewt)=P, er? * 0.00708Kh| "|r, ) 4 Homer time ratio: ‘2 a Distance to fault, ft: L 001 48KAL be, ‘The approximate time required for the slope to double, hr At = 2 ye, 0.0002637% (r.0) = p, -- ee _p,, eee Pl) = BST” Oe, Po HC 1 +0.809) only if to>100, for to <100 use the provide po graph. 0.141 ole) =p, SH. (+8) Gas wells build up 16374, mh At souas{(2e Pro (@ Fracture half length Page 10 of 1198-Pet-B5, May 2015 4.064qB, ( u, \”* | Ee, Lym two's mk (é - Nomenclature Oil formation volume factor Total compressibility Formation thickness Permeability Distance Pressure Pseudo pressure Oil flow rate Gas flow rate Radius Skin factor ‘Temperature Time Pore volume be Shas rats Porosity Oil viscosity ‘Hydraulic diffusivity subscripts dimensionless external fracture initial oil production total wellbore envomSsovare bbVSTB Upsi ft mD ft psia psia%/eP STBD MSCFD ft dimensionless Rankin br P fraction cP fP/hr laceft = 7758 bbl 869233 «10°? mi? 4.6959488 psi ~101.32500 kPa=1.01325 bar 001 Pa-see 28084 f= 39.3701 inch Page 14 of 11