~:Gode No: (208) "9 Tee LZ eget tae ee Gee AU aac GL core)ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Ministry of Housing, Utiities and Urban Communities, Housing and Building Research Center FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND BRIDGES (ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN) 1 ‘Code No. (208) Ministerial Decree No 279-2001 | EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE Permanent Committee for the Code of Practice {or Steel Construction and Bridges e First Edtionaaa ri dap partaneee atis8 seh a (Hh Babolat cot oe Jey cs Eapatcnins yah cei sual as Seat ats pati und G2 NE ON Bast CT lady vy Ge ne yd a yg GA VOT IRL Aneta) Shy eas ju Me ype Se HAM Ya NANT AUNT IIH AB was es ya ng e907 LL rgd ay OA Hd adh HY Ty cL hy pant mb 8 ps at Rnd ofA ot 9 ah a ey Vath oe aot os oe Shade Spann 9p SLD Atal Ds 9 OY ota nS yt ee 88 Bd jot am re at Bal Agios ete A ia hy Sens hylan goa base Cee apc ay gabe ah Bt ss oliset oat ana opens Mage ah Jay Utica nine 086 Sas Sinn sen ages ctn aia Deets tee A IB roy i 7 weteot Arn! emer SRG ” BE 7 oSPREFACE In 1889, the Ministerial Decree No.239 was issued for the Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Construction and Bridges. Later, in 1958, a revised edition of the same code was updated and issued under the Ministerial Decree No. 185, 1988, ‘This new present version of the code accounts forthe additions and changes that were necessary, Some materials considered to be less applicable to current construction practices have been deleted or reduced in scope. However, new material has been added in this version, The additions and changes include: = Geometic imitations of members to avoid premature bucking under diferent types of straining actions are introduced = Connections are treated in more deta. Upgrading of some topics such as composite construction and materials related to cod-formed sections All designs of structural ste! in building construction and bridges are to conform to this code Minister of Housing, Utities '& Urban Communitios oun MA, Glo Mehamed Sahm Soliman‘commioes for the Eayo code of Practice for ‘See! Consithon ana Bridges ‘dilowable Sess Design) “The Permenant Consulting Common Prof, e- ahmed A Motarram Prof. Mohamed, Maris Prot br Mouaata A Svelam ‘Te Permenant Technical Commitee prof. Adel, Salem - Chairman Prot Br Kamal Hassan henamed Prt br Gamal ror Nascar Bret br named Ebarouzy Pot Br Hama A Msn Prot by. Hassan A. Osman Ptr, Banas Mashaly Prot Br Metwaly Abotiamd rt br. PayuzF e300 Po Br NaS Manou Ain Stam Uniority ‘Nisshar Unversity ‘Nenana Unversty An Shams Universty ‘An Shams Unwessty ‘Nin Shams Unveraly ‘Nn shams Universty ‘An Shame Urversty ‘nin Shams Unwersty (ve Unversity ‘Gar Unies Fac Mansour University Aaonar Uversty“The Technica! Subcommittees 1 For Fatigue De Asta Osman cao ives 2For Stability and Slenderness Ratios Dy. Ahmed Abd! Slam ‘kin Shams University ir Anal enim Sedev Abdel Retin A Shams University 2 For Pate Giaers Por. Andean Kai Oeseouk) Ala Shams Univesity (Se Abdel Renm Badsos Abdel Rehim Ain Shame Unversity 4 For Composite Stee-concrate Construction Oe. on Bain Satar aka Un For Cold Formed Sections an Dimensional Tolerances Prof Dr Abeanim knal Bessocki Ain Shams University Prof + Abdlranin na Dessokl Or Asta Pace CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 4 : MATERIALS “1 Gener ‘Structural tet Grados of toe! est See! Forged Stet aston Wrought ron CHAPTER 2 : ALLOWABLE STRESSES 24 22 35 28 27 20 ener Aplaton amar ane ane Sesses Secondary Sees Siesoes dow Repeats Lads ‘webs Sates for Sacral tes! eve Aes Sicwate“Steses in Standort Grede ‘Sout tet Sowobie Seen Cast and Forge tots Fo Alowabe Stresses in Beags ara vinges 241 Araa of Seanngs or Bed pate CHAPTER 3: FATIGUE, a a2 ‘cope, Beste Prcinles 3s =‘CHAPTER 4: STABILITY AND SLENDERNESS RATIOS 42 Maxorum tenders Ratios 93 Bucding Factor ‘CHAPTER 5 : STRUCTURAL WELDING 52 Structural Wetting Pocees £3 Thermal Cutng 55 Gesignol But (Groove) wide Connacsons 58 Design of ill Wold Comnectane 57 Pug ond ia Weles 58 Genera Resciens to Avid Untavourate $59. Weld inspection Metiods ‘CHAPTER 6 : BOLTED CONNECTIONS 81 Mate Popeies 63. Postionng of Holster Bots ana Rivets 84 Siena of Nontretosoned Boed 8.5 High Strengh Prestiessed Boted Connections Oe Eton Type °° Mesrsiad a horn Sos Conncae St 6 ” 4 a 95 a 100 109 Page CHAPTER 7: PLATE GIRDERS, 7A. General w 72 Rowabie Stresses snd Eifecive Cross Sectors m 12 Woo ate Thickness 2 14 Wee Sitterars me 15 Sples 4 118 Unsippoted Length of Compression larga 128 17 Datagion 1 (CHAPTER 8 TRUSS BRIDGES 81 Genet a 482. Spacng and Depth of Trusses ar 83 Minimum Thieeress ae 84 Compression Mambers va 85 ‘Tenson ttomears ie 16 Lacng/8as, Baton Pats are Diapragms 130 187. Spices and Comestons 430, ‘CHAPTER 8 : COMPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR ‘DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 94 Generator Buligs and edges a3 82 Stee Suldnge 40 95 Steel anages a (CHAPTER 10: COMPOSITE STEELCONCRETE. CONSTRUCTION. 191 Composte Beams 182 4102 Compeste cours 7 4013 Compost Bear-Celumns ia‘CHAPTER 11 : COLD-FoRNED SECTIONS 112. Clasieatin of cements 113. tepama ard Minenom Thickness 114 Properie of Sectone 115 Roum Alovata’ rat Wih-Toknoee Rates or Conresson Elamenta 118 Mumm Alowable Web Deph-Tekness Ratios or earl embers 117. Maximum Alonable Bacon 41 Alowabte Design Srszae 318. Ettecnve Wath of Compression Elements sah a cage Sifter orm tate 11-40 Boars win Unasuaty Wie Flange C1 Compresion enters, $142 Tension Memes 1145 Gynt Tube Members 1134 Spices ‘CHAPTER 12 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES. 421 General 322 Types of Terances 123 Appecaton of Tolerances 124 Normal Ereton Tolan 128 PermestieDevaion of Fatviated Elements 126 Permasbe Dovaors of Gunn Fesnsenons 127 Pemsstse ovation of rected Suctres a3 i i se as tas 106 16 12 34 198 188 2 24 2s a ae ‘CHAPTER 13 FABRICATION, ERECTION ANO FINISHING Ks, wom 131 General Provisions 132 Shop Fabreaton rd Deven 133 Erosion eon wv ze 20 2s 494 Quay Assurance 4135 Conracts| (CHAPTER 14: INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF ‘Sree. BRIDGES 141 Genet 442 lnspecton 1463 Maimenance o Stet rapes Page Py 240 20NOMENCLATURE come ‘esata wea te BEIM Caesar este ante ate CEE ie ange on as Bones so conecea go eee ae erat a ng rr Sco feng een co tate oe Sivty ots streets crs corso Teer ee tee of See ttanfate cours oh een ee cia So) se of ccs Sc5 Aa Bee a acclamation cr eects agement Seen tee ua wntromen bas ht engete Sains "= A SERNTSEDS oa ott meron! ao se Sin ts Se ory crenata ea St, ices er bs ace a eet a Sls ’ AS fitenroea righ Sng oh (03) cn Rectan! wenn) Sennen von san ste 3.89 2 Sinaloa sarasota Sy fe tangs distance Bebween he tame. tok oer Sram mre opto ae ae ‘Tismu Woneverse can betecen ie carve of Tey SF ate ee Ses ed Sept erin’: en sg BEES, ore came in aco bots wn he yup of tots at any elu base: pacing of ansverse x Devaton in dance between Wo. adjacent, columns froosud ot he Bee ofthe sel structure: spacing of ay —_Sumot angi devitins ina row of columns measured a {heave ofthe sel str, ne Maximum pemisebie dovitions. 7" _Datarce betwen he ceters of consecuve man gers ‘Sonnet byte Utrame (em). 5, Remuclon "facor for abomable shear sess for onnecton wea pasang trough packings. ‘8 —_educton for (or aowable shear and beenng stresses for bis oer ots, bb Flange with of ened compretsion eames wih of Seog telgh of scion avert or nade pa wh, boner ovemanging dimension wi respect tothe sem {fe sub ane entero cantar stance ee! bears Trcomposte secs: wen of ube secon, wih of flange fr gd and ors (en. 5 Unuurperiaa win dened in Tale 2.1: Mat wah of ‘ifnes compression epment or sublemert in cod: {omed sectone (om by Gye wth ofan bemant whan intermedi iene en. Site wan; nat me center to esnor dance of sae ‘beams in cmpoateseeions aller with of conrete- fe rectangur tube (em. ji, Falwih of sttene compressin element having one [enpiudnal edge comet Yo a woo or fange eement lanvte oer sifened by a stfene (2). bbs Bistane tom edge of cnet ib fo center of end seo bane per wh of covered rectangular (ube Gm. Fim of» stones compression element wh both Tonga! edoescannaced fo cher siffenes elements re by Beam wit em. Br Wath of sensr pat elements in comresson (om) Bi Efteive wah ef eonete a acting win steel beam ten.2 Soe fears cies ome . Senta 62 Beton ee for emedale tases sites © Centod af compeste scion Even Namen coticens forthe design of composte 1D Gier sla of the wousae member: tt oso ‘Shea oe to beanie by one shear connector tua aver doth an ge st fener 4 Depth fe over depth af he ste: camer of 3 ‘ole opm beara! ole daneter for ug wads lt 4, Spacing of tan 4, Btenee fom he cont of with fr ot wos and sed bt holes: somal ameter cf 2 foster longi dtane center 10 ‘ne fates; vii ameter of utr suace of are ‘Spot wey fare seam wel fat wih ofan ee ‘Sitter aap of nants. aster, dstance tom the ena of the compression ear the nearest ace oF the cose ger fe are em), ompresson chord to bie snot ans of te oss ged of he Uae em) ‘Retag mee fr spe wel or ar sear weld ‘ge beam eh Ede deter of ued are of we spt weld 2 ae Seam wois em) ty —_Devthafaunch; ameter ofa standard hol (om), Sam Mammut al ameter for pug was, nimi slot tam or sot wei (om. 4, Tales of ene se incising navn (om Bia sneaccanedor iter, redceaeeive wat of ‘he fens (rm. 4 Efocve wen of the sifenar according to Tale 24 (6m) 8) Gear deat of webs age ofthe ace head deter or Socter darter, Geo of theft parton of The 9S Treasured slong the Bane of the woo i cov fomet Sections (a. Modul of last of set Wem? E, Modo asny of concrete (Ve. E.—Modies Youngs modulus (em EL Yaungs mods of seel in composte contruction en. e—_Phan ot shear connects; stance measured the ne (trc om te corer fa stancar le othe oeorest lage ofan aac eo the end of the cormaced gece wien te ise ce, Epatatance am te cei o fasion fe asacet tnd of ay deol eament messuced nthe recon o oad anf, poston! dois of pas connected 0 ager trols, postions devin of adjaent en plete of ioe. ez age stance trom the cortr of a fastener 10 the Shean eaye of any sel lament messured t Tahothe seein od transfer poetonl deviation aun Bae nnn fo the oor sts ough ‘stonce trom the due ats hol tothe adjacent {6 ee ay sel tt pio ton ot Distance em the cer ofthe end rads of 2 soted (en. Nirimum dstanee measured aun the ne a aplation orca tom the canine of 9 weld fo he nearest edge OF an aacet wou rt he en of he connected fat Irnimum senca messed I the eof or fom ihe f sarcarg tate to ne nearest ge of 3h Soh the oe erected (om), Abowablestess Wem) felumrs er ‘Aowatie sees n bending: allowable bearing sbess for tet tem’. Aiowebiecompresonstessn tending fot covre by 2ost~zessqem) ‘Mowabie compressie. tendog_ stresses oased on tremens at he xan ne, especie Ger). ‘Mowabl teste sven n Bend en, ‘Monabletente bering essen bad on moments ‘eau the xan aes repeal Cem) ‘Aowatie sess nal compression (o, ‘Atanabie rosa seers em Frenra bucking ses of reir tubes lo. Neate els ick Stes or bucking x and y Secon, especialy en) Er sess die by facto safety or bucking nine rd y decors, reapacvly (Ven) Fins Leeann buen ates en) Fin Permissible ses oa ids of stesss fo fie! welds ® 8 te C owas comprsive sesso cro ubes er) ‘Alowati ros ange for fatave antrum sess ronge or fag (en) ‘Atonatesessin sit terlon Yer) ‘wat terse bo sess Ue) ‘el lrate sess pure tom? ‘Monee lente sess on he el socion of © boted Siocon ot) oa ‘That stg see em ‘Tonciesengnofmemosrn act whe srew need Mem) ‘er ah of meow ain cnt ne 4 head em) Utmsteter trengt or bots timate terse strength vets on otgsess fer yi sess! So hear connectors em) : Mit tress rons en) Naaied yl ses ye ‘tl sets tongue enreng bars io), “Yet sesso anchor ortaop mea yl esse Triangle sear connacers IS Shese sauel ares eatiomed compression ‘aie tong ress in be over le or stent em). Naa ss popes ttn nsf te ed Slope comorstive sess at no te element ar {ttt eetecon of compression tange of ae, etive ie wet a tows pe wb om) ‘Terate or smaller compressive sess at end of ple omere Gem’ ‘Reus sess in stoner ve ‘Rerage Sending ress te hange of the fl nreduced flange wt om) Coated compressive sess (er) Seta conprostve bana seses based on moments Soe tne andy xe, renpoctvely er). ‘Xun trae bog sreses tang on mers abst eitundy aves tapecvey orAlea rrdog ses tase on morons aos he x wy compete ton Ac compreive sas du 1 wx conse Sel secon ony ncompowte columns ens) cal eig sess Go , Charon sil cance steam (8 cays ine Esnmemavers inj Een sss, Betton ot elim btn ors wich wit teat ‘csr oncompiter secon, " ‘Samy ea Sx Fears he ace = Few se respectively (vem) a pm carn Serco en tater cettntess ‘Roey for net Se ONES Se se Serer cca oes ari hin Het betwen pits which wi etry resid. RS Cargo cmerta with of concrete encased t0cton Feit tetneen fon slab ee mutstorey baling ty Heh beeen or labo mutstrey ballng Ro Heghtf cles cxse-secton; column lng wth Incrmedst component; vel of bean saces on ‘etn of sel beam (om. Depth of web of gre and columns em), omen of nti of 2 secton cn Soloed moment fares ofthe vrkeal member forming the ann othe Uttame sou! the xs af bea (ms). y_Second moment ef area of he eess der of he Utrame bout ie ass of beng (T, ‘Rseavte moran of era of he sioner so tet each ‘ompontn amen. can Behave 26a stiened elon (om 1 Wot of ieria gf the column considered in the tom Minimum naman of inert of he fl tiene about #5 bn conl ais paral tate eet be sienes or 1 Monet of nant of he fut section of stener abot Netw cenglga! an paratal 10 the olomert to be ‘eras he Mameat of neta. of composite secon about the Conroe axe he camposte secon 1 Went a ge cel cent is hormelto tha web (et 4 Magee eo manera fer 3 Mntnam energy for Charpy V-note tet Gols. <—Efecive Tange faeee for bucking of @ member oericent retin oat 10 se fle weds. Ky Mout vue ah vale deterred om te agent {aso ie bung lent factor, respectey KL, Etecive bucking lenin, Buen lng, ager of in- isk pane and ota tucking eng em) Te Etfocive length face fer bucking of & member, fangs feknes pus eto led sector tango exes plus Weld See of buteup -sesons coutetn forthe APE& Q t torue for etesoning of 8.8 Sosking actor sear Praeger tength of shan supported length for tension of ‘rmpressn members spo the ss vera engin of the filet wel lng 0 hoop sear conecor: era of Scam wort neluang cea nas eat of Mt we tenth of tre groove wel va engin ot ne Dlg {Gear stan Between sieeve lenghs o cnseeve Sain termite ie wets ey ‘ar astance between etecve Tegts of consectve Stagres tems me wel Lenin ae oar em tert fede weeny ns Erfecve erly unsupsres eng ne compression seen " Fer climes, cus unbace eat of member: beatin Tenth dant fra: yen wuss menor fo Deas dtanoe ete eneseions becs gaint Ig sneve eal at ete ed Stes bonnes utraced onthe aca ba (on) vera mens of bong - Erect tocking lng of he compresson chor of bri ann aloe Leth beeen pots ih ile ateraly estan, Lenin of deport mats meres web apace bes peter em Distance teers yo aac” cols measured a 4 —_Distenes bees agacon ses columns at any evel 1 Diane between aden aor . 1, Lengin of esattened or atone compression member fr backing abot ne ox em, ', Maxeram aaogore gh of he crerssion member ™ Bending moment megnesten acy Bat fos, tonson s ty sraller moment st en of wbraced length of Beam oF ‘Somcolurm: irauced bending momen ed pate (em. tz {rper moment at end of untraced tang of beam oF oumcolum, ieuead banding moment ed pate (emo. my, Apaleateque MS, u ‘fztnum Senin omen fr spy suppoted singer Son Sitar ewe ser otra lana owe. hat depends on th deta capacty in fatigue see See et nn ca nvr ieee Eo nts ieee 2 ESE eae amarante Erte meses winnegieg fast tae me a Perris Pap oor fore transmit by an pot welt 08d or feaaton P.—Aiowase Ton on te spot weld allowable fond on 16 ‘eam wel sows load on fie! wel: abowabe lone on ‘ar groove wela Pe uslcampressive engin of the rigisy connected an Pon ‘Alona pul-ou strong per screw PIL lonabe pulver sent per see ‘Atowele Sher sen pets 0. ‘Alowabe tron song pe ef Sao tana ood Sema cone Gstance bebween holes fF pug wel Sho sits fr sot welle and” sted Bet foes in the ‘Section ofthe lt wah (. Gorteria canter stance betwee ss for sat weiss end Sted bos holes in thereon o the sat gi 6m) a Shear fore: vaneverse sear force Gua Mavamum veri! sara he stifene poston), OF" owaleSneartre perH'S8.1 Shearses prpentalerta he ani of the weld em?) 1 Shearsess slang ne aes ofthe wld om) Se Catulateganesr ates nl goer om) Sta ns ere & Alonate bucking sess in shear; sonable star sess ‘ota ie i, sg, Alowatte sea stesso ptr tier FR Reactor ar concentrate ond ayoted fo team or plate cer ras of Sot oral wei and sed bo es intemal rads of cotstomed sections. x Horn! lad supped by anor 0 Ru’ Bearing stegth oa sme 20 Fu _‘Alonabienonzota lod wastes by bearing fr tbck ‘ear comecurs i. x Hornt! ad suport by noop Fo. _Aloweie orzo shes oa ot one shear connector © x __Besign her srengh per bal Rite Act shearing fre inte Tieer due fo th appeed ve Rese ey “ena erg of single 2%, Ria Atul terion force me Tester due fo the apped {endo oe 0, x —‘Alowbl head provges by the shear conecar onnecton othe brar fang + Govern red of aration. ads of vier or phere fad of et rads of Roop shea" comeci foce transite by bot of bors a he secon cai, ‘vided byt orion fore nthe mere atte secon Bgerradus of andr or sphere, Saber agus of ner or spore (em "Reset qyation of oe chanel ate the cand! ts passe wed Rabat affection ahd te ons pependicsar othe recton wn Burking would fearon. x Ras af gyration of set snape, pe or tubing of & fSrmposte elu em) Ragas ot gyrton toi minor axis of a. secion rpg th cores Rae ples bee aha wep area om) te Radio of pyraion wan aspect to xx ani (en) Radu of gyatan wt respect ty ax (em) 2. Minmum as of gran forthe a of one par of Eatene otis ompresion meme steer) ‘he Spacing been caters of fasteners nthe outer ow of tension moron em) «ds, ‘Sparing betwen contors ef fstnes in the inner ows of {ension nambes Staggered prin ot hls fo clelating the net sea: ze rit wel spacing between center of fetes ae (Seaton oto vanstr(. suse ep aaasof iat wed (. SLE" Maxum permis lonptcalsoacing of connectors T_Ferion ro il retension fr nthe bo shank. Ja Tenor nce come Mange deo bear mare wo Yo, Saby vat toner, Toa Apptad wera tenon re Tia. fice eter onto lr por bot Tike Mon ‘adted tenio Yrs due 10 te aed ‘Terie eget ereco@) 1 Hkreas toa of fet we ie eos: sates Composed mista to tines of omecie Ps ‘Rots of rented ante ab neg atch {Theses ny toa embed ese Ste! teks Shoat ntved nes aero. 14 Plate micknoes tienes of member in contact with the ‘ew hed er. te Fate otros thickness of member notin cooect wth the sco hoa (). ty Range beam caress (on. Wath of eattacing log of Sear connector, esse ofthe opener and he ckesr he membe! Pet {nortan nase oad ‘+ Range ticknes: compression Marge hckness (em), te _Theknose of ou farge (. STleess “of pang, Fee sb Mange or end platetheless em tune Thekmess of eoeree sla em) We” Thekness ot henson coun tifene fy. 12 Webitictnea: seco trot of et ak efetive size Modus of 2A — fests et [Stear Mocus er ‘Coafcon of Han EPSPS 1A GRADES OF STEEL lil, cntig 1b avin Stn, Speciicaten to 26071 ity ond) apbrved for se unde ns cde. om | wor) | gon i uh sr | 20 | | an | 3 we [oe | |e [oe] = | sa |» |= [om | {cast STEEL 4154 _stee casings shal be of one ofthe wo ftowing wae 1531 Ste Sarit purpose for when they ae 10 be used, 8 sete drowngs, and as prescood te spec Speateton sa casts of grade € St 44 fr al maiumstrengh carbon ste 3 Castres cere oe and In parts ot bec o wearing 6” thew sutaces. be casings of grade ¢ St S6 fr al gh-strngh-carbon see by Gasae Siete be sbjeand, 10 hae macancal es ent or el prs subected 10 woetng 0 te eee et Ge ns, Nhges, pats of Deangs and macnn of ‘ovate bages. 4.52 _siocfr castings shal be made by the openeath OER 153 Som) Slot funace mocess, a8 maybe speed, On ae Som nl mee than 0.06% 2 Spr ox Psp 16 FORGED STEEL 4.64 Te follwing yreseinans appl fa earn steering fo Part of med and moveble Urge “Tee forig shall be of the fteson grades sourdng to he paupuse forme hoy ae se ering of grade 8t 60, mead or nora fr mid sel ern ota es ic hats, bats pu Bs ey fora of Dens Ngrertn rom 5.0108. Vert: minum yald goin sress 24 ve Forging of rade F St $8, norms, sealed or arma ar Fora ol gros cron set machinery, ig and suc tempore sare tevrs gan, roles, saa lates Tense ‘erg te to 6. Vem: munud po aos 2.8 Ue Se er ed shall be pected onthe pans or he Spec Spaceaon1.8.2 Garon sta! or fing sal be made by the ofen heat ran cli process, actor base, 85 maybe Spetied “he see! shalcantaln nat mora then 0.05% e sulphur oF of seta 3%. ofcaton 02% of mengstns, 038% ot 1.7. winere cst ion use for sich purposes as booing plates ner pons of scr able fo tring actos ena Comey ‘ne fteweng queens “wo test bars, each 100 cm long by 8 cm deep and 2.5 cm wie, sal be eas fom each ating of th etl usd. Each bar shal be tesa being placed on aay on boarngs 100 em apa, and Sal be ‘equa to susan whet recurs a oad 140 ton athe cee wih {detection fot lone then mm Cant won ofthe stander arena 1.7.2 Were cast won i used for baits o simior purposes, Ih wich the ett rl suc to svang salons, ro spec {esis or stengh wi bo caled fr 4.7.3 Allon casings habe of tug ge kon wih not more than ot soho {8 WROUGHT RON ought rn. where employed in exsng structures shal comply warn lowing reauserent The tens braking strength ofl plates, sections ad at Sars ‘hat nne care be ess nan 5 vere The le pursues. fa plates, sections an fat bars shall no aso leat han 2.2 em «The elongation measured on the sansa let pec shal be not, leven 128 “de Toe utate sear srengt of vets and tl ‘ke sha nea tire a tena et on he material ‘otess than 20 VET ts, incase is not ine ac ves on‘CHAPTER 2 ALLOWABLE STRESSES. 24 GENERAL APPLICATION cD ste ni, ste mee Lenses — a ‘stresses produced in all parts and tang thet Bey oe ok ee oe meres eS SSS ieee Gare haat Sc ae Pod nae een ‘applying the said prescriptions, pproved rie eerie sean ‘shall be used. Defiections shall te ‘erga ae ‘sh 10 Case exceed the limits herein after specthed, ted end IHARY AND ADDITONAL STRESSES, 22:1 For te purpose of ox 224, Foe pu rreutag me maxim sress tre, he sas stone sha be eects oro cases ca Primary Stresses Oue to Dead Loads + ve Lopes Dad Lait «Lie Lote or Supetmpcted oat + Donic Ec ‘Case: Primary and Addon Stresses Ove to (Case 1+ Wied Looe or Eariqushe Load Sesichesteneerattesaunt ener Scrgs "Setar! of Sippom een ee eee ed 2.22 srosas au lo We Losas shat be consiarad os pimary for Sick srucores a ove. = ramasion ples, wd bracing salar azn mating sac marae ale el mes 223. sesaned So ave te senses cu B cae Vexeend Oe ees gre ganeapctioa ne prevert cole ve design about an be enced fr cont W(t. a i a te sven Sat 70 case eran aeciona Sani sasses yore fen 20% 2.3 SECONDARY STRESSES, ‘cvvtves shel bo 20 devas bats, and ee cue te peste, event sbeses ane eceanCSeE ‘geandny sesso aro usa defied 8 SONG SON a, LSS a rue ne 9k AAT Aas ajc ewan Seca, etm, BE cat OF ope anumpton of HeseERE no an UA eames be fae Te tee Se Aigo atom ae ETE Ne anon M0 armbar "y nhere sub for ue fe ass coin ahs (ing suse, eed penalng set ne son a a arn ee no Ones B44, 945.28 B33) ending stresses inte vers of mane du, arene en, ico gas sal D8 cove 2 EE ye inent sans inte foe metas an nite We Soe oe Sia tom canoes era doe Se ot sete Sig a be sen cero ar Sa = ‘ovsdaed os secon eee ncn ae te out of ec of SER ay net Bare nag sal be conse = PATS pra StnsFor bracing members bdges, te maximum acable stresses ‘al rot excad 0.5 of he slwalestoasesspaifeg nthe code ite tga hs nol seen conaered a space utr, 24STRESSES DUE TO REPEATED LOADS Members and connections sujet to repestes stesses (whether ‘axal, bonong, or steerng) during te passage of te movng lod ‘Salle proportioned eecoring Chacar 3 25ERECTION STRESSES ete ereton stresses, ncusng those podiced by te weaht cf cranes,tgeter wih he we pressure, woud produce a sress Sry part atuctre m excose of 26% above he ahwate stresses Species in code, such sonal mal eral be aG6ed fhe Sees oar prowsion mace, 2 naessany, 9 bang the erection Streceoe wit at mt, 2.8 ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL 24 Ganecal Aguada sess fr seuctral_stes! shal be_ determined according 6 the grade of ste! used. Stuctua sectons (subject to the requirements Cause 27, stall be clase (copending onthe ‘maximum wathhekness rales of thet Somers sje Compras 0 oon 1 Clase t. compact sections: ‘Are those which can achieve he ashe moment capacity wiost loca baking of sy os compression samen 2 Class 2. (non-compact sections}: fo thse which ean achive the veld moment eapacty without local Bucking o ay of compress cemeris, ‘The ising with Wikre ates of tats 1 and? compression ‘ements te given Table 2 “Tbe (212) Maximum Width to Thickness Ratios for Stffned ‘Compression omens aaa dees pea toa) I TT as - he Ps 4, fey, Lt A Q als ow ES | ESS] LER . COE ‘eet igi od ea bect e < tet evens LV i tA a nome ba Dae Fate ce °“Table (240) Maximum Wath to Thickness Ratios for Stifened | ‘comp evson Eamets tee ene, or 1b) eel Farge emer (ber tment paraio ace beng} j Be te | as fr r + + a gi Tt a cae | —_ mre | Sate Le | Teroraman | fen ome i \ a, nome | sascditven —— loam) ty emai \ res down |} “E Te econ eran hen ed | Rest rant | Fgaane, [Semin |S ena | t \ wns | eam [Senn | eosnar| 2 NereCampast \ 2 Non Compact D mane | — a peel aa eq | Bem | ost Fee oor, \ we FR ‘ein ue? | med Fan meta SBTable (@Ad) Maximum Width to Thickness Ratios Compression Elements fe 2+ Chas 3. stonder section was = ‘ve those which eannat achiev yell marentcaperiy wihout 7 essere loca bushing fay of scorpresson een, 4 yt, Bence ! bh Siheenae hen any of the compression ements of crest section iy se i cased ns dost 3 the we Sassoon shal be signed a6 ad (dese 3 eosesorton, = ao 1262 Allowable Sires in Aa Teton Fy, Y=) onthe eetie ret rea as dened in Cause 27 Sue ~T A F20S8F) oe 2 = Grae Feat tt ofseel [ietomm | donne oem Soares Tear ewnemny ST ta 13. oo = Hl stat 15 +5 — { Sez 2A za lo FSi on % } 1 £253 Alowable Stress in Shear au =t =a = ‘ 2.634 On the ges ofecve area i resisng shear a6 defined end Salo (oun Sion, i y qe 0355, os on BR a [eae T i otsiea = =a aa == eee oo ‘Suez nec ear, Fo te! 7 Frente tajan as te ful neg of be een tenes the (Seaoreated shapes I shall be taken 3b Me ona Sees FatIn accton the spear bucking restanca shat a oh ahead aD specindin Cisse 26.2 unr Senecnecad as For usted abe: 264 Aowable Ses in Axial Compression Fe I fon ta goss ston of anil lose symeatic compression monbars thera compas, renaonese, oF senée sero) ‘meme, Uicorcconcs concen whe centr of rant of Oe Stn ed eating ate witness rato requroments of Suse zs a For seneress a= Hi <10 68 Chapter fr finson nore = Bhi at shear ‘ rns +08), trast 2 eecoser, 25852279 ,2 an 29404, feast 2 08 1d 8 = Seng ctrenner iene Same Fae @2asdon Seu [—“etame | omc 7 Bear [Reda nomi [Rts —eeonse | 202 dl sat Festsooome | 213 4 Sear [Rowiconost)[roaereaeanh | 214 os Fouetfoneducie an yn Fora gases ots 21622 Alowable Buc Stoesn Shear 9, Fork hor 0 Deseo ne sedeess aan feoTo0un! 216 a for compat a roncampect ecto, te ul eh fhe sects Soo be see whe for sland’ sectors tbe eects oes ‘foto moa ae hen nTaves 23824 “The bucking shear see wt mo cy i ee at St Ses coe eee tos » so Smears ae stg 12 = (8-5-0625 iq }( 0.35 Fy) 29 ‘cave the addtional Bending stresses due to accentnoty are Act one2.6. Alowable Stes in Bending Fi, 25.53 Tenson and camresson do 9 bancrg on extreme aes of ‘raat sectors somes Stow he pare ote na ke aod — gfe as (Cs [aa 2a 4,2 meer mat mest me capa selon readers o 2. The itealyunsugpace eng (Lo he compeesin ange i teste smateree “* FS ‘sees he compression fange wh Mls te sara ao Ce tai be lrg end marnts kon spouts fer reve'se SLRScro engps d's to beam dep and es given Equation 12562 Terson ard compression cue to bending on extreme tbs 2553. syrmanealranape marbers meng Pe comport acon ital of Toles 282 ene oer abou er inet Be seaurera jar ta, eld recur sacns Pent sot Fos072Fy 200 26: Tension and compression on exreme fers of rectangle ede eae resi conc secon eureects Tabs Foe0stry 20 22654 Tension and compression on extreme thers of boxe EAEA Terme roca he orcompac seston requremes t {Reiez Th ana bon abot omer as Fos0stFy an 12655 09 exrome fer of era merbes not covered by Causes 4. Tension Fes Fur0stFy aa ones Ful ten a fotos Geis [a (Css is tet 20 |2. Compression Fe ‘een ss m compression Fu lb akon 3 the gar vue ‘Settutine 2 moat SE or asm 9 ecm ae 40), for any vate of Ln, el trina Suekeng yh ronal stent gen by We For deep thn flanged sectons, where sopoximaiy tne bucking sbengt gen by ite <84/S men VF Fi, = 058 Fy 228 hr, <0ss F, 225 nner ley >188 5 nen Ri sna carnal cing Stns omit a= fry 05, an Line ieee arly uneorpates legih of compression fangs + 2tBmarcebetoen rsesectons traced gat wt oF [Sea dapocerant te comresson lenge 9 cn) kc = Etectve gant as given aster 4 KT Rosas or gyatan aout be rer a of 2 secton Scan Se conpese ge vin oe ‘Ac = bet fees! compression fae on B= Goimresson tango wa (em > Somteesn em F, > Yesd hess ten). = Gomproionnngetiekess (em) 1% 1 SLaBScncopening on thee of oad and support ceeticen sateen Yale 22 Fo case5 of ecu ond ‘orn wit anew ‘cc, (Cy) canbe STH Ton exprocion oye 75+ 1.98 (mh) +03 MM? 523. 228Table (2.2) Vales of Coefcents K and Cy | om |e | 1 Ta [one | oe [a Gis) woes (ie spr ote zat loners ‘en he being aman ty pent wn the utbracad eth ia een ne ves a bh nda slang, me value of) Spat taken sunt. tu Compcesion on extreme fas of hanna bent about hee maior Fw = Talay oy £0886, 20 Int, Sandee sections wich do rot meet Be ron compat ston Sante Te 2 shat ow coogned wena esa Seer teesue uae fot nomcompoetsechons excep a De ora wea used te dang shat oe bane’ onthe ecire Ste be of campresson elemerts 25 species in Tobe 22 fo Mae E ements ore Table 24 for vnatifnes elements. The rece wih is edeltad uring 8 recut feo p 3s by =p on, -015-005yN%% 24 an 1, noralze it eneress v=": x2 as ak, y= Pat suki fst ven dopends on he sss robo ‘own n bis 23 and 24 B= Aoproprata sy 6c Table 2.1) 9 fous© datrwate Bota spe cena (ert cow [Sto fanges frectangutr tow ectons {tor custaning tnges foregut ig anaes or beh for urea ag anges Does of Taecton relevant tkness 266 Alowable Crippling Sess InWed Fy ‘wed eseling it a leslses ylting that arses from igh epee ese Soeur inh wy of ney concerted onthe we ootes chaps or but -sactors athe tea he ruet te enable enpoing Ses shallot ceed Fess 075F, 22 oy en of Stee | —tevomm | sonnet tam sts 1a stat ed cy S152 27 25 “Toe (23) Etfective Widty and Sucking Factor for Stoned Exmprcson Semen Toca Wane ‘ress sense px(harsoosy) Bet im PPS | Ye Sas sea Bese feel eben [rf revemraray? ali i - ad aa best 05 be ba 20st : rae cy Pye bey *2dN5-¥) 7 ez = Be Das 4 Bat me . 7 ‘poer pat) Bey Be, ty | be 2041 BRE | sa coosTable (2) fective With and Buckling Factor For Unstitened {Compression Elements focive Wah er petdyars.o0ey11i8 4 TT eo pss. Le. “The epling oes (eg) atte wob oot of he Hilts resutag rom toncenraes ads) not soppred by sitenee shal be ‘custoa frome floning Equatons. eet enters an cea ecseboae au 1267 Combined stress 2.87.4 Axial Compression and Bonding Nemters subiced 10 combinad axl compressan (N) and seve nang. moment (i) abest ea aes, Stat be fropeanea oes llmogeacten Ea. feo es ays Beas 510 235 Forcaseswnente/Fe< O48, AytAyELD ye, ky ER oe "+ Adatcimpui tes tal congeson tony * The srt! comprotsie becing shesses based on Inert abut he x any se especie tnd y aves, rempecaly, conden be Meme lSadeu beng on as roserbedn Clouse 28 5. FeoFey = ‘The usr staue aides ya fc of say for Dlekdra ne andy decors, respecte (er)ee 238 u = ret moatiton ear ms ie eng 1 con, romes tom stay wt reese ng role Stort Ges 0a aa Mg > 64 were ee seer te os Hy cay 2 an macro wi te Te det a pnt mer ao foes ae ee cerentat te sagecrea a for tomes preved tom say nse er og Seta dey tense Prranber ut mnertenrat ati ent. C2088 te rarmentarewin arated eds. #28 For tones eras say, Cy 85. tn ada, secions at ein lestons at marbar ers nal anaty meson Een fo ta sb cro wr er a 1267.2 Tension and Banding Mentor sublet to comb ox enson "Nand Boning nc NRGE Sta Se rpomaned sss be etorg eanesers ss thera 2s Ra fe 1 RESUNane" ete ‘aene prone lure zee a fate ol cane ese st, aspect, consdoring te member aed in Bering any an pesenbed n Cause 26% tn don. me compressive tending sess alone shall be neck agonat ne ar torsos bling sees eB Equlvalonestes inenever te mst is sujatod 0 land shea sbescs, te equvalnt sees) must ot exceed the permied seater han fe cn pub 0 and te elo sess oa Go teria ot Fa 239 27 EFFECTIVE AREAS. 2.74 eectve Net Aes The ect pet sectnalare of tension member shall be ‘used “Ths aes the su of he posits oe canes to ret Wah ocak ener st ened ve Pe me tHe Imemoer “For 3 chan of rea emerang sess at any ‘Sager Harap neh nt wath of pets sabe eened Oy Sear fon be Jos anne ancl sonny a ie inte cts ne ‘gouge seace he cl, the quant (ea) re Se sons pth ie. be the arecton of teers ne seer ce cae ot Tha knes of atai. “he gauge, Le, te distance, mesuted at 1h aries the “tecton of sess in Sa arb, conve cae o hls28 ALLOWABLE STRESSES IM STANDARD GRADE Baudhipae STEEL CONFORMING TO THE EGYPTIAN al ia cece npc cos sagt emt tie240: Table 26 goes ne alowbleseseat in (Ue) ne pars of Econnge and hinges made feat ton cast sta an foe os! of the guises speci Chapt, and auject Bending ot Tpble (28) Allowable sn Pare of Garings and Hinges. ae mater sever a Cates STE Ta acre “Tenor 0x0 Compresson re os noses RIS STATS MOTTON FET “The soraslsalouable estos may be exceded 2 20% who 2402. According to Hera frm the beara pressure when the atc tae wen Be Pee pra barg wees 2 Case of Bering Between Two Cylinders wn DY bane of Bearing Betueen a Cyinder anda Plan Surface: 2a KINCase of Beating Between Two Spheres SE een eget . —— i cms ew RON mE ( = Thebgger rads of eyinder or sphere (cr) ,£ TResater asus ef eens or epee em $T Rasuwer sina sree om) § = Manu ood an ten on) VE Bemptenat em For ta tin ard oe ee woe ola Partai st unenor cea cama ot scart to Here eerste the bernie we subects oy toe BtT=ry Suse sengratasin cause? 2 ater aa For Fxg See STS 30 [Ronsaeer — st? —— ast cares TS". uate oro om) fF angstrom tn te cate of movebebasigs wn more an to les. where ne “amprossve fore seeing ne saa tes cae Se eau) stacy a pa, asad awa vata at 2304 ane rns oes wn ncaa so le Diameter of em), YS Vernal aston C2 Conger em,2.17 AREA OF BEARINGS OR BEDPLATES Mang base foun sal ators he ahs be) FATIGUE ‘Tis Chapter presents o genera meted fr te gu af iets ant saa sens ate seceded embassies to sess reutrg from feique loss al be detoned wo tha he tasomum unt sects. do no excond the base Sonale unt sess gven Chap 2, and at he sess range des raters ne lanabi tg sess range ven ive Caper ‘Momoers sujet to sresesresling om wi freos ony shat be dosed so ha he meximum unset doe ot exeeed he Base Slowanle unt sess geno Chaper 2 Cracks that may oom in ausieg eompesionrgans are se aesing,Thereoe,ese compression rogons a at sujet to {atpue ature Fatgue. Gamage ia a srcurat monber bough racul crack ‘popapaon caused by repeated ses suators Design Lie: The prod in which a suc i equ porn ‘ately hanna proba hal wl ot a rogue ep ‘Sess Reng: The alge erence bewean we extras vaes noma esses de fo tgue Tones Thay be eeermines Fatigue Seng. The stress range termine form tes ta for 3 coven numeet of ses olesFetigue Um. The main sess range fr constant alte cyan at wr a au ae ‘ets Catagory Te desgnson von oa para jont or welded ee tka is eique.srengh Toe categny aes, St a ca res eancoan athe dea, 3 ie hd a Meerut seco aceon) the ssa condo, sae ta aed, vendo esses, Tague oack Shapes, 16 accu, a ry pastor improve 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 321 Genera! ‘re atecenes in diay be melee sige sort between gies of see ae sal 1 The oieonces i fatigue damage Between ses cls having a ter of moan sess ute sre ve of 88 arg ay eroneced Ser Saanges of cross-sections. Very santicant enoxoverents 0 ioe arog eve anna seo see ‘ein fatigue inlences the eas of scree should be Ae abacsoy te desgper ard shod ot be arene, 309 et tne Sesgrars po approval ema, no aarherants ot a ee teas ay fan of Be sruiue mou Moire ‘hecesiones ssh, nich he flue ofa sgl clement costo a ‘desta aoghc ian seat meme sacra he {age aca 008 este waies given Table 32070 : Soted hoes shal rot be used ia Rated eannecbns for members 13.22 Factors Atecting Fatigue Stenath “re tatgue srengh of he stv erent depends von {Te apa ses ange 2 The data categery ofthe parnlarsrucira component or it esa, 2 The numberof sss oes 2323 Fatgue Lo ‘cranes The atu load wed teat the ess ange he 2. Ree ss: Tm te asd oe ms ‘Srrpanang dame eet --Rainay ge: Te age lds used act the tress ange For bedges caning toh uke ne ans, se fatigue oa ise eae ate tray He fad and 60% ate tae He 1.24 Fatigue Assessment Procedre Je the aigue assessment procure shou vert a tne fc of the ries es erp me Geogy oo he Sue es thane ebgve arena iT efecto app tess cles s characterize by the maxim ee etce Goa Themanmom sees ange ca De cmuted Kom SESGISE ihe tae vamp an tase metios of ana, Me tor pau tw pono to ave me maxmun stra (ae cle Stl ome Sulu such 8 Brees SMEcranes, conitersion shoud be given lo posse changes in usage ‘Siches tne ert ot fe, change tthe mot severe load, cn nonnelled deta o ses eve weed seas sujet 0 Stee revesl he flecv sess rago Yo be ised inthe falaue STE onr an be aieraned by adr the trsie potlon of te ‘Hesticnge ane ou cna comreniegeton a he sess ange Ih SINSSS"SSa saeco to secs rovecas, he sss range fo De TES “hetanguo assewument isthe glsios ageralc olerence betneen msn sees. ive Te fatigue streogi of a sacl gas chaaceizad by the Sonate Stes ange (9 wes aad em Table 22 oF Fae Sor ine specihed oumber at cna cyes and Me parlor dea catego ‘yThe number af constant sbess ce 0 be endured by he structure Say fe ani es gen nae 3 rome sas, vik hen steed to tense fatque loading, te allowate sess ‘Mtge or gn Srgt Bots fon type shal ot exceed he livia “ions res Rang FC Namberot yeas | ae) vo Tals Grae] — Bats Gade ao 0s) [Rano 7 38 5,000 <= SOOO 7 a OM 30 nn msi renors by rm. bs mee an sca Iseaules, speci i dynam lasing, the Dat el habe tutu a ven na) i ten crested Mh. Figure (5. Filet Wold Nomenclature wo ene a{562 Dioront Types of Filet Welded Connections Flt welds are made tetween ples sutaces which are usu at att Enis. tut he angle deween te pats ay vary fam 80" fo 20" “ee ort come wois ard cuter ors a al combatant “ids aa e3shown £8 ‘Tne al lt mama of the mite shape weich san roscoe rangle 36 shan a ig 87 (The mie and convex welds ae Stronger thas concve ile we ote come ey eg we ne vel ‘Sbjct to ati loans, bt ne conve sooner nen see te ‘yramse oaigs. erica! wads made apmarts inane rn, ate general convex say aw curents pode Ihe conven wee ‘Te pensation ofthe wad ent each ne ot were he contour of penetetion sual as show (a) P87 o lhe MG. @ ty Figure (57) Fite Weis Conngurations 2 (662. Strength of Fite wees 156.34 festive Awa of itt Welds “The efletve wa set sequal to ha ages angle which est eines bowen he sn sutaces an thew surece proved {he ae amnmar et panteton, hs generation net iken > ‘Sunt The eee tea (te tw Sane om eto te ‘Diaoe of he ones angular wed ag the ne icing te rok nga ae shown in Fe 58 Ve Filet weds ae sess cons he tos () ofthe wad whe tc sie pete ye eng () wee PE 6 “Te vai of depends onthe angle Between the fasion faces and utmayvetaken a tows Degree | eat 90° fn? sat | 20°00" hor tsa" | stata? «orf es [aso15632 Stmnath and Permisibe tresses “oa sess in filet wet lade in atirary seecton can be recived io te fawn components ‘ the Shear secs sng the ns fhe wed. 11 =the shear tess perporalelar to ans of te woe coves sags asbes ta wt Ceo pe aa ares ha Isat tog wee bteeen oa Wer hale Qretor an OG" te sce of ele of the ioerbed cant {Ect wante shat exer, "The femasibesteses Fe frat kn of ess fort wells smith nea he obi: Akin ot oosses Fw = 02 _ 62 ner Fis the uma tengo te base metal ee ble 5.1), In case whee woe ate sutangoisly ste! to norma ad shear eeses, thy stale checos forthe cresporang papal seats erin combnaten of sess an sfive sess vu yy a be ‘ined andthe coegpending.pomissble wed ste 10 be ‘creased by 10% 3 fotos ta VUE 3 vari ttematet wots hal ot te used In pans intone to trast renee dynamical aces srucres. I The car tance batween efetve lenge of conssutve tentent et wls, whee nana (.) or stagperoa (ral re hened 12 teste hoes te ter pa egmeresin or 18 ‘Shes intron ain cave shal enceed 20 om. (ee Pi. 5.1).For stggered woe tis sppes general to tth edges but need sat appiy 1 aut tinge or components such 35 ermedate ‘efor sient (U1) ateacend aqua om eat tes quarts oe (hath fhe narrower pte connected (ee Fe 5-12) ‘rage stoners ant ger conection ar poms o be arecty “teed th ne compreston flange Inte case of he tension flange, increases (nt weed ote tage) sale sera between the flange she sifenorn oder fo preves wearenng af the Mange by tranévere welds, Where elemiten wots are used. he cot ‘duance between consanive welds whether cals or aggered shes fotowee este canes of eee. ache oh ‘pe case of angered wes nd’ mesh cae chalned wes or tne aver ie detarce betwee silenes Wricheer sales “Te sess ranster of log an a wel ne to esting Stee losar In omts a planes pari te the Tayng surface. The stow ‘Gouey exelea os the orc of area the ole tad the detlon spear seas at ie eviousy mantoned mn Clase 5632 {Equmions 52 and'53) “Te proportions and spacing of ole ands nd the de are lg 2 O78 bar 75, whee 6 (torts = 18t0r18t,0r200 mm -whiehaveris sates (Terson) Lr} 240 200 mm ticeverssmatost Compression Figure (6.12) Interment et WelsFigure (6.1) Definition of Plug and Slot Welds Pass] Wn Fae ] "Tees | or tt | Hote ane St Proprions Spacing and erm | wath don ‘apart Wo | Te Gah wera, oR Te sas | 14 [new signer oud 2mm aso a's 228¢ Sram whicnover ser wan |e |ecce | Recs sc » ‘58 GENERAL RESTRICTIONS TO AVOID UNFAVOURABLE Wee DeTALs 04 Lametar Tearing Lamar tangs separation or crac the base meta, caused though = tess we sanape sie The preva ot hs ‘nur canbe rnmized by. Using sma wat ez providing the shrinkage o be acemodat. i The welng rocedue shou als exatish welding soxence eh ht the component resent andthe tera restraints the ‘wloment are blo a mii tie To use of « wong grocedute with low hyrogen wel and an tiecneprnesing mimi arta ta Some joints scape lamelar tearing can be improves by care 19055 aw=(vmiens (FPN @36FD a Bate sual he sss il ot cade wae en Oy sit ger pre! sect to semanas gctn of heat 2 lig gtr er ne magne of te sees sees Part bens moma qaore 25. 28 and 210, be sowele 95 Sia Soca salts Es © Foe [08-038 aa! FY ay ere, te ens scion may be desired essing 2 erate cos nal beng rma te SST ae: eatng te ovale bdr SEE 7.22 Ginders not Stfened Longitudinaly a. The web pte ticks of ata gers wiht longa 2; ine, ett mt oansertn sre) aa otbeles an ‘ratdctomed to tan af 1145 > 120 a ete crroreesie ses cus acwable scm les ee a oe tls Seay 1100 18 ——— ae Se a ie om {ne oe 7s ovten Ss ot tere wetting nents ee emp ee ire paces 8 a i ete moran a ometet dee 1240> ar200 7 vere he datos cameresse sess he oa the alowatie Src sess Fee cero the we plese es twa Fy 1320 a aa offic | pe a cam “Terman aa a 57 aa ae ane ae ‘ra WeB STIFFENERS Tt Transverse Siteners kama rm berets tm sees 7 zt 6 fe web ple, tee ie cemprnonfonge They mey now Se ade cs Se connected ovone sue oreo, 1 Dosing steer at pass of concen ra osting sot be paces Sse cones Siti ida tae cea i The catstndot estes sho as Scm "tw eres on ss sou diame weonegir ncn Tresor Ie Ilgmedtetansverse rege silenrs shuld be designs ort a 038 F, 1-065 SF 4 One oy -08s CET 9 1 were ee aru vies sheath ee ton i The bok sheer tess ve A prt he web eau 1 25 teste web cess and 2 TAF Rescate may be colzared te design of Me oe ose and od stoners, especie. “at The coonecton btwsan he wansverse fener andthe web TE TE cme Se nlerardeegh fore ot iret SIRO SigMoancecon is ered in oush 9 way at Oe satleners cove upp or he owe He of 1 sens ‘Sout vaetertne des fe, +142 LongitainalStitenes ‘te rament cf ret of log sfeney abot he ax seid Sine ep vaneesearcion so ote es a: atric stores proved ta tance of al frome compression flange and (at)? fe onal seers pron at he neural xis eter. rom ccnrautngs 138| T Figure (7.1 intrmeaios Traverse Sitfeners Splees snout be designe one mas bending resistance ct te proor seston and De acta Seeing force tte sploe 118 UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF COMPRESSION FLANGE. ‘Tne wnuipprta eng consreson tage fs salt secoengia Onur 3 feo call ian cetecen of pt ge sal be acorn CHAPTERS ‘TRUSS BRIDGES 184 GENERAL, For angulted rames desorad on the assumption of pn ones “tens, members meabng tot shoud, were saat save Ter ceoda sxe meeting a = pon end parable, neve te cover of esatanc ofa comet shall HESS Ric acon ond so a 9 avld ary moment duet ‘ently ante corectn nee the desin is based on nonitersecing members at 2 vo a Sltses ator fom the exert of te member shall Saeed ne ros tt we Set jose 287 ‘he contol eos of the deren chord sections stat be enced wan average xs fre wok CRT. Foot orpeatian ridges shal be designed under the Bulking reqrerena as gen secon 2 {82 SPACING AND DEPTH OF TRUSSES Th song beeen cents of main wssas stout Be sufiet oes Seraming tne speed wd pressure ana long 1 eter" shermae povton mat be special Mase fo prevent ans rs can, a his way be estan 1720 ofthe Se nt tse ha 13 of deg. Te ceph of WSs Ste a sch hat te ease detection dus to ve lad Sin pm et ol vt ee vats sted sause O13. or simply spouted paral cont tsses, the doth sh a Stes han of he spn fr away bos Or 710 re apn or roway ge“The ikness of brent shal stay at otoncampacelererts es hen a Table? nS ces tts ate essa be “Te eal secs of the gue pntes erode checked to cet ity te face tanita ote psa pate tom web 4 COMPRESSION MEMBERS 1.44 Slondorness Rati “The maxima slenderes aos of comresson me ve song to Gavan 2 seen al 1.42 effective Buklig Length (Kt ‘Tho tecve nung og KO of ba aco fm fbi er ane fom ars eal ‘4. Uniracad Compression Chords {4.3.1 For simoly supported tasses where there tracing betwen he sees ano cosa ames ut wh eae en saat fo» tt tn es Shoe ia soe cement sauesre are ween Cares drone Oo os oy ween Te 4.3 For ceninus toe, he eects bucking eng of he Baa Fo KD shal be Steines From an elas otis EXYBeptn ot compression Chord Members conpresen enord members sal have a depo jane of he aR ia ote pe! br The maxim depth misy BO te atl let th, vou 1 excaede, Secnasty 10 of ts ne reeled inte ough. Te recommended Sian sha be 0.79: 1.28 ues te seo, 1.45 Depth of Compression Web Members For inca comeresin web members the mim, oot 0 totes tan be eee to sat the bu 2nd ae oe is cqarrmants Toe copy ray rte mee tan saree ppd enh for ese members is va 108 of oe meray acess wi have To be conteed 8 ‘soe {08 TENSION MEMBERS {Ut Stondemess Ratios ‘Te manu sondarecs eos ofensin member shal te according Ce 422. ‘sa etectve res ‘he propertas of the ces sotn shall be computed fom 8 eT es si ent tons ae sed ak ICES OF cre the member fo aher meters. Elev rat 28 ‘Shot be scoring to Case 271 {05:3 Depth of Tension Members For hrzortl an incned tension mambers he dep in lane oe ere att estan 170 of he usurp enh of Fee ray Dogon and 1/5 of he silent ioe mene The cept sal prrrbly tbe mace than 90 nee v=er Lr, tet meme o 18 5, BATTEN PLATES AND DIAPHRAGMS Indole gusset sec a secs of us he hal be comes foene by lncng sate se fie dtreps. The Se eras, Th cm of uc Sets ae posed a {47 SPLICES AND connecTIONS len compre eon mente shal be as on os “aR ee en, sig em Si Soren eerste “maxim in the member at the han the average ls are St tc SS Senge Staton omen ‘CHAPTER 9 ‘COMPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR SEMEN AND CONSTRUCTION A GENERAL FOR BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES ne totoning ieses sal aly cua 10 Duca Wt dot. 44 Symmetry and Gancenrcy of Sections ‘eats Accs sal 2 ar 8 goss be cma Soo et At ee aro se. an members Sl eae faverwe peso sv. wee, bles, ete, o lope annals Mae 232 Merge so a2 mo SEU oF vet Mantes mesing a et sou 8 1H ve S13. ry oes eset st Tet connate on one to of get ai fe GIS” 2.4 cree don ante en agen csv 229 2 combine Ue ot ia siel and High Tene Stl {iyo Sections) ‘onanaryorade set an ih a Sure 9 ay ETB 4. Simary ssa each me ‘ormanbe es, exon rea wm4.3 Detiction of Beams, ona Frames and Tasses 4 Mnimum Thickness of Pats ‘he minimum Mikness mm) to be wsed In srctural ropa tae tava hone ee cient tie Sedat bw enh 1 Msi Dect in ings Seauee_|_ ‘sass [es a : : 7 a a a Gast pn tr] 2 ° : 3rd bso aS a a nina } | zeta rte nah poor Bulg wn mere nao Foteona cetecion “Sas oe eto eesio a ee T [petal tames ttt germ canes Hotzonil deacon at tp of Sis TS — eta ames wth gat) anes, ce cy bulings the nan pon the gant rane [rege — a et ee Rasaway badges 800 — ‘ne cate sess, 2010 tow fr comes, when crate Icio ue coaon ay ot up sacha erosion when eStores na eaceub fr ping oh sees Inn Sestee weunum ness ts pen save sel be incensed by 4144 Lacing Bars, Baten Plates and Diaphragms 8:54 Lazing of Compression Members 1s toc at pracste, the lacing system stall nat be varied tncughou he eng ate compressor meter. Lacing brs shal te fcine at an nga of "to 70" tothe as Shae of to" 0" where a doua mersecion sytem use. Lecng tars shall be comes uch that there Wl be 90 sopocabe erupton oie mnguston oe Sysem “Te mis aneuppoed length of the compression member tenwoer hang ter () wheter eotneced by mena, Doing ‘cng shat be sth tat he slendmess ato each component23" etme consauive conan i) shat tbe mae han in riges ar 0 In tugs ot 2 ties tne evo eno fe member as a wine aaa the xx ail wochevers he The regi section of acing ars hal be etemined y sing the pomisibe sasses for compression anderson meme ver m Chapter oe ot) of te cng bas shal ok enced 140. Fee hs upote the efecive engin Sno be na ftowe £m bed or iets comszens the length between the intend {ots or ves othe fac bang ttsacton ing a6 6 oF ths ea fer douse erection aig eect canes ie Ireecion 1 a weldes connections: te astane beween te iner ens of ‘recive lero wads canecing te e's othe componoas Sialeintraection Tuorgs and. 07” of the tog To doce Imeecton ig eecivel conreted ane mtesecon Ssigmeton nenaen a pve in en ses sive ene ctiesengsom, a nets nee ena ser imorope, are wna te enor ecometd ace se eng of end baten plates measures between end fastenings ‘along the lta dns of Ihe menber sol be lots an he pepenclewar surance bates th cenvoss of Oe ‘main compares, and te lang of tered teton aes od note ess mn io hs tans, ge Pui 91 The Mickess of the pats sal not be les th 0 ofthe sone bveer te inate of wale, sot ite, Soman ne tn pate ann enn a on coal of anf Se eehnthe meer ene sso. igure (2.4) Laced Compression Members 19.152 Batening f Compression Mombers os tr os pace, be spat ad The bates, sao Sete ste eoponed uno Crud He exc 15sch hath members vied into estan es bays within is cua conte’ fo cate of coeds. Batons maybe Paes neat amorsion mente. senders a ta ea capone sas nob eee tan 8 bogs nd BO In busings oF 213 unas the maker senna ta et He ‘member a wo, wnchever the sce The mantir a5 9 whole eon be considered asa ved ‘grr or termtsate hnges may be assumed atm ares 6 hana ine system no scaly deteriate sytem Sten an ther conodtans sha Se Sesprad to rest armtaneaesy © Tents shear trce= (dna) and moment (29) a6 homing 92. ere 12 = Thotonptusna dtance cantor cone fates weleng, bol groups, es a = The tansverse shou force { sonsdeed as 2% ofthe fare nine mtr unde ese, n+ Thenumerct paral planes of ates “The efesive lane foreach component ot te in member ‘ete no conscive halen paral tothe any of te member ‘iat be faten as te longline cance beeen the ead {ctw (en ates sel have oh efecive ng ot ret ens Sonneratia bates alte sf ‘nat tas ha 34 is stare, busin no eae snl he ong 9 Sy ften eles fan et tn he ate cpr ‘The ices of baton plates shale ol ngs an 180 the ‘inmm dnc between he rsemos ne comet we Step ae we Betenet compression member net complying wih these egeroments. or ose subjented fo benang rements in te plane ‘Sine Gates, sat be desgnea scorn fo te tac ear oF on, 02 : a [on f ase ase Figure (92) Battened Compression Members Sepredeomiece ‘74183 Eguvant Senders Ratio of Batened of Lateed Compression Members “nr For ioe or tied compression members, he sendeme ato) Sal be moses gen lwe “ {Fer bucking i plane ty) Fque 2 he perme ts for {Remus sal oe bined by ung the sendemess ates athe rma fer sc emacs Quen nee. Fo cing i the plane ex) the sees ato (ya tte amie ne be epaced by ibe valves gen eee : a4 fe = Utsinoored eng of 690) sepeae patos etnad Score ‘6+ RAC oon orang rte ens (2) «- Montecs comes in tat are tos by ng tats or Sten Bates ot be skoare sary clare vee ced ISEcotns 8s an rete op arate sai ‘eng eas mene tea oon sepsste pon = 19154 Diaphragms in Members Diapiragis ap knsveras pats or chanel connec tthe ‘mo webs a the box soon They are necessary fo route the ‘angular stape ef be. ox sete. I he chow, a est one ‘Seenapm cena the wo panel poise ofthe member tote (Sowsed inte loge at ss one casrapm near each end ‘Soto proved In ion he apersgms equ or the prope tnering ‘of te sce, Sapo sale powded 8 neces TOF ‘eater, anspraton end ecto 194.55 Laxing or Battering of Tension Members In dose gusset plane tsa, the two component oats of tention membre sale connected oper by Saphragrs swe ‘Slicing ts or tren pats smart thse ote comoreson ‘embers bu trirtehnesses may be reduced 25%. angers of dee more than 15m in lena af truss sate ‘ice craucion sabe riod wi su a cab, under ‘Re het af he dea and ara hal Ine ive las hou arc ‘ego sid caer shall taken out y he deletion Roles ‘So ana pte gers 18 m or less mtg, reed ott be ‘mee by, Stwctual budigs may alo be provided wih an erection enor ar ineated nh projec speceatons oh pas. Camber diagrams and tnaton dtl shall be show on the Sect rwengs an abacabon als. 4. Camber may be vague’ to malta deoranco under ‘Souitone of Toadeo, oA may be required on stzbunt of ‘Spovarnce Camber may aso su em pestesig. conan aga Seager 1azsreet auLowas ‘Tre dent of oe beams oor shal preferably be ne ess ‘ton 12 of tho span. Whee tour ae wea sees et rans, fhe dept of beams ar gers sal peor be not tes than 1720 of te spon The csp af sy supped oat rs shal reteraty be not ss tan 0 fh span, Beara ‘iver andes spporing pated cling an te toons hat be so popotioned tht te maxmum defecion du fire {bet min ynamic eect sha ot cre he vans Gate 922 Tousses Provsons for brat Isses Caper 8 hal apy except a “stewsepresetbed heen ray exces 9221 Genet Te goss sttonal sea shal be teen a5 the ate of cose: sectn 38 caked om spend se Te oe sectional area shal beaten a the ios secon aea ‘ess deductions Yor bos hos, ret hes oN open Fah set ‘etucions species hon. Jn aig dedutons fr tot ard vats tales, rele to Clause {22 orcas about he excess io te nominal set ote fa ‘ret nt shale Saad For caletiton of ie etocive et seta are, rete: t9 cuase 274 Ereagnans Conan v0 9222.compeession Members 'n case of camresson members vnsymmeticaly connected tne gusset pate, the effc of eazenbaty Mt be taken in cco, see Cause 284 92:23 Tension Members 1 Texion member shoud preter be of ral cross satons, Sha when corponed of two or ae components these she fWonnecte by btn ses sig tars, For norzontl ang inves memes, te dep shal be not ee than 80 te unswportes nga hese members The properties ef the cos ston shal be comouted ram the when plates are provide slay forthe purses of acing oe Satenng, ey sal Se and memati he ras of aon othe se The eflecve sections! aea ofthe member shal be the rss ‘tna are we he osoving doduson avapro 1 Gesu ar oan hl Sapte 3 1 eauctons ‘or mentee unyrmetiealy connected tothe sesso. 92234 EMectve Area of Unsymmetical Simple Tension Members Single Angles, Channels and section Fe single ang sactns earnecte trough ane lg ony, singe anne! sectors corrected aniy tug ie web, ad cats fennecee ony though te Mange, eae sees soul be faker steno aea ofthe connec lg. pus the aa the ‘connect 1 mute By appar targa Pmapradeecaee coBaye sa Figure (2.2) Single Angles, channels and T Sections ‘Ar = Netare of connect, 0 oc o back double angles coon to oe seo gist or sez, te angles may be designed duaey as gan adore setae ewe mance saree seas ma fer tac beck double antes connec o oe ce prs win sla packg pce oF mares 2. connate ty tots a wldng such tat the senemes atio ot ‘he inavical components doesnt enced 80 & A

Ais ator other stone stapes > wren ba2s 2 wren sa< bres 1e= 398146 m)/8]-0a9)°¢ Greust For singe ip ater wth 140°2 6240" and 0.28 6d bey, -O401L BA 60] 2 Fat ohne at of lemon or ub lent = Elev design wiah of aren or sub ele! BO tse in deegncomputaons by = Seca cedgn moth determines for sngestiened cempresion elemer (on) wih Bas shown nip. 1.50 (orto abe 2, 11.823 EteciveStifener Area In compuing the eect saci groperie for a member hav intermediate stoners and wien the BR rao of the wD ‘emartexceoss 60, the elective stfner area (A) (age stent ‘or marmeaie sites) sha be compa as aowe hi Bms6o A= An 2 60CBREM Aw ta.An 4 Wee: a #1: 24m} -1190 (Ban 1 BM) SH BRS90 Ae Bonwhere Ais the ate the elevations Fg. 18, lntne above Equation, Ay an Afro he ara oth steer sect. exclusive of any” poten of decent tment in te {éaion of sectoral pope necator of ef secon ot ena axsha bet fhe al ston ne sioner. "1.40 BEAUES WITH UNUSUALLY WIDE FLANGES Fr bears wth unusual wide Manges, pil consideration shal be aivon tne eects of sear lop fd fange cag even fe em fanges su tension fangs, rat ace "1.104 shear Lag tect Figure (11.5) Definition of) of Compression Elements ult [9 ott Sage wt he actual wath as oar ‘The eecive span lengih ofthe Bem, Lethe fu sp fo smote Beams, he dslance between seeson pois fe nubs bear ‘abl (114) Maximum Ratio of fective Flange With to Actual Fm rms | 3 oe & = ost % Lo hss 3 11.402 Flange Curing ‘The with ofthe fenge projection beyond the we, wt fr C- teams orem Mal the Sanea baboon wets of multiple web “shenone (wtte he ange s tension or compression, send oF {stone} sat at excoe he follow eave ange crng arnaestaa® a8 ange teens vera depth tthe scan, ‘1.11 COMPRESSION MEMBERS. ‘1.114 Slondomess Ratios “Te mosinum sees tins of compresin members shal beaccorngio Cause 42 ‘1.44.2 etective Bueting Length (K) ‘Te tev bucking length Kt) ot compresion member may be tanan fom Table 44, o aed rom an last Buen1.12 TENSION MEMBERS ‘The maximum slencemess cats of tron members shal be cri to Cane «22 11.122 Entectve Area Toe oroperis of th css seston shal be computed tom the Eecive net wes satte acoringtoclause 271 ‘HAS CYENDRICAL TUBULAR MEMBERS ‘he thicness of he cynical ubsar members shal be chosen such at thereto of au ametar fo wal exnes OI sh ret erceed 7987 12.4 Stonderess Ratios 11.122 etectve Bucking Length Kt “The esectve tucting enn (Ko a eynaical uaa member ‘nay bo taken tom Tabe 4, o ain fm {10433 Allowable Stress for Members under Benlng ‘The loable bend sess) enc uber member Foros 40, Fort40 F, 30m (maximum 50 me),[—omaton om 127 PERIMSSIBLE DEVIATIONS OF ERECTED STRUCTURES Taare | oe [PO @ —_ ae = Fi | Sete Crwat arenes pe | Ean [ER som | Peitaal dona | ey |S my RE Sa. ax | 2010.25 —30) mm aa bse eon Bi | ec 0 Gann | the coum as tah Tal op a Tears. aR] Sa TE ‘low apd ae ne for bani su ede tinaton of eoumn 8 |v] ST Tae era — pane [om aT matter pada, | "|r Pr nog uae erg sues ae! | °™ | orm fever ne bewean |__| Smeaton. ‘sum (ome ret ata or Sa | {iw a = ae neanaton fears | | COBBTER way —| TET Pestna ara * | ‘nao blog. =a rnin” devtan ‘or| |= Number ot oor, lang n= Singles thar Tein of SOUR OTS | gy | ae focal tame. i an ‘rot orvmesooion |” Sr! leg, cat] ot a Spm cre nt | oe | uegn a cote Se cor ‘tg’ barn * ates Seton a Ysa co= Pik Vr Figure (12.1) nctination and etections of Cohan Ly fF te ost Figure (12.2) Deflection of Girdere Figure (12.3) Devations in Welded Gieaers # Figure (12.4) Devation in Connecting Piecessettee Pow h 1 tes ee Ae 4) Teer 48 fy ete frm ty Figure (125) Deviaon in Height and Length | LE AI AC Le Tee —— Figure (12.8) Welded Plate Gir sigue (128) Deviation in Length at Base of Stel Stuctre (wan)j if Figure (12.2) nctination of Colum ina Single Storey Buldog Figure (1210) Incinaion of Col ina Muli Storey BusingFigure (1213) etnation of Colum in a Portal Frame Figure (12.14) netinationof Colum na Portal FrameFigure (1217) Deviations Figure (12:18) Deviation in Poston of Bearing Surttces cuapTER 13 FABRICATION ERECTION AND FINISHING WORKS. 13:1 GENERAL PROVISIONS, 43414 Scope ‘ness oon specie i the Contract Documents, the wade rates wal ne efaed ins Case shan gover te iacatan ‘i trecan of sel arucrs ermporary and pearena®, iy for Desion a2 Responst 421.21 When he Employer's Deiat Representative fo Design Telzetea? eed EDR) proves the desig, desian drawings ard (Setigetons, te Far anor he Eres shal be response ‘erchecg tei, adguacy and budngcoge conformance of (B.'Sesgn? ‘ne Fotceator anor the Esecor shal gv roma th ore re gleyer and EDRD of any ex omison auto ‘nse stein he dso or dean crating o besten 121122 von the Emgloyer enters info & cect contact wit he FESELAS'pam coogr and tebreae on ert comsieted see Aesth Fobicaor sal be say espe fore suey SEzcusey aed buing cae conformance of the usual sei in, ego et be Terral, Oe ay eeetacy and bein code cotomance of he Parse seb ‘342 Patent and Copyiahts “Te any or ete that are responsible forthe speiestion andor stetion ot popstay sivcural designs el secie ll Fatal roy i necessary forthe use of tose Ci131.4 Existing Structures nies. secitealy cherie speci inte tender docu {121.41 Demolition ana shag of any pao an ening src 181.2 Preecon of ensing stucures and as contets end ‘vbment soa to proven damage tom secon wars B43 Sureyag o fd meng of vant exon 121.44 Atstomont removal of Hazarcous Mates 4 ora sl be petal i 2 tna monet 50 not 12 1112 SHOP FABRICATION ANO DELIVERY [Al workman sabe of fi clas ity every respect. The greatest scarey chat be observed 0 eau tal pare rope ogre on etn pel iction Of Materia eter hat ores to spel oarerans, bt ro so marked ‘he Supe, sh ab aed " 4 otson i ett by mass of esing in scatance ‘ane sopleste Eoyptn Strat Spectaton and ba Fabtenors Wetton mar, a dessraed in Clase 1321.2 nda 243 nas boon sored, ‘orang oe = 11.2:42 Dung lactation, up 10 the poi of assembling mem 2 or fart eared fo spoil requremens al 22 AP Facaurs Wdenifeaton Rak or an cig Supers ‘SiRiecaton ma The Febcetors lesfeaton mack shal en ‘gence win the Feber eels Weietion spe, SEIST Rat oo nae evant proto ne sa of arenion foe Tre yes Desprated Repeseatve for Consrucon renter ‘aIBS EORC). he Btkng-Coce Autor and the specter. +43.2:13 Pats at are rate of metal tha sonore 19 seca Tenutoments shal ot be pve tbe same assamblng of erection waist members mee finer mate oven they are oferta 43.22 Preparation of aterat 43221 Thermal catig of sts seal by handguded oF Imecnaicaly guded meas pent. 4.2.22 Surfaces tat se spetid as “Fished” inthe Contec, ELZRzat sot raves sata roogess Height vale. The use of fy fabesting esque hat proaaees suc a fish sperms 42:23 Fiting and Fastening 43234 Projecting slemecis of Comeston metoras ned nat be ‘Sragitnad ne comesing sre 413.232 Boching bare and inf tabs shal be wed a rau 10 Drotoe sound weil. Te Fantcater or Erector need remove Eozhng ber x tno abe unless such removals socited Ne ‘ots Doerr hen ie removel a Berg a is pected fee. Gontncl Document, such removal all_mest the ‘Sautemsns te revert weldng speaticaten in sich cases, and fare-etg oe tothe eage ofthe lsd member wit ro ‘er tising permite, nes ahr fishing is pected a he ‘Senet Dosumers13:24 Febreation Tolerances ‘The lances on stir tel fasion sha be in accatance wih the roqaements in Chapter 12 of tha Cove pila hes peta, se! wa salve en one cost of ‘seein ee pa arse sep rs Stow eatin mca sofas yer meth, rcet main spices for chose tases and lage ge sce epee ane tytt ‘would make erection cftcu Fie contact surtaces ot painted wh Rap aran Gok westerners ‘Period of exposure before erection, ‘ew Ld Surfaces, which wil be In contact with concit, sha! not be eaten 1b we alt te ana ore ‘Sh sds ere by bl teal ase oe coe Spark ster shopwetng nied. Steal whch tobe eld welded shal be given one colo ted ineud ot or oer approved psc ‘Sata after sro wen a she acon Spee, Sues antl ans ster mle fh shat ‘be given one coat of pant “oes Win the exception of abutg nts and base stnaed sucesso es ate sta ey ‘crs wana hl ne ae ee a ah ne catego removal tom he shop. Ae APRON ‘cag ee me rection mas fo fd nation of members and welt mars nat met on src areas prevent pata it Me D0 Ral Pearl sh net be laaod or spre ul Rs OUD ‘BR nan cove ol les hon 2¢ hours ante pat has Bean ‘Sra tel ht doesnot equ shop pat shal be Care ‘roy ot reas wi solves! eae’, and of tare er {Soya hater by avoesng nah ater brsh or ote sutabe forean SSradura a that ogee shoo pated he restorers n Clauses 132.51 ough 1325.4 sal Py 13.26: The Fabreaor not response fc detrraton ofthe Sip att ny ret vom enone xepon eestor 12282 Unees obese speated inte Coat Dscument, Ne [ames Store mil sae nara ter frlgn mais, eer © sae ey msons of wre using Oy eer metiods see Dy Bettelaetar "ime. Fabrears. wounanshp on surace Ine ratbn' tbe speced byte specter such inspection stall Berard notin manner Poe tothe apc of SP 143.253 Unies sens specfecin he Contract Documents, pi ‘hatte apoled by sting, saya, ing, flow coating, 468 oF sales eel cans, atthe latent th Faber. When te BE Ftp cs cp pan rae" ogee term ud wh Po se ese apcted ine Patrons Sanda shop pat shal De ‘pedo mine dyn kes of at ad iron 43.254 Touchup of strasans cused by handing aes panna RANA the responsi of the Contac tat peroms fold pamig.1226 Marking and Shipping o Materials 1226.1 Uniess otherwise spctid in the Conract Documents, {teen maa al alto ecw set ana Siren ak appeal Pe Sd er sl pa rd packages ot Soe misao washers sat be snipoa Im ones cms aps ot Sari hadi othe mtr Seu on he 13.27 Delivery of Materials {274 panes rc se debe secs Seca clang ean te es fpr cone eas reas cote ete Soreyetasat aly tty orem semen i Sle Suma oe Eee cs a 13.272 Arto Rods, waters, sand oer anctoane o gage ‘Bose sna ey il be vale wen aed Te EONS shal Bow te Fatrestor suse time to Tobe and Shp such 1327.3 If ny storage ss chamed felve fo the quarts of {eal at are shown =the shippg salmon, he EDR othe eco sha rompby Nut the Fabel sale incon Be avestgatea 1327.4 ness atnernis sect inte Contract Dsus an ‘bj tone approved Shop and Ereesen Grown the Fae Stl rmbt a spices a crs mem ‘osha as a 43.275 tea anves ot deiaionn sages conson TReTaceng ently shal prompsy soy the Fabetor and Carer 1 athe eral or pramly pon dscavey prt 1 ‘sa3eRECTION {21 Hand ott ou nl stl wea mais it onde enc Se Sea mene SSR ee eee hae ae eal nee ae Se, fran eeu nee Sent a ite te Soca te Sees ts crac a's Se Seatac son 13:2 Job Sie Condilons The EORC shal provide and mara the foowng oF the aycatrad te Ere 1 Aseguneacess oa into an how tho ji se fo te safe ScAGSNG foamed emt! Yo be reed and of ec, ite goa and oer recosaryequore fA tm proper rae, apd conven ae ats Bio's tre operon the Secs eae 1 cco uc power ines, prone ies OF Tat Amat Srage sae we ance ns tony he ir Sete Jo ae, fo ease te Fart arte Eee 12 tat seat Jal speed Omen he EORC shal if teFret ae the Erector of th acu secaldeley requirements ne ener cane emer 192.3 Foundations Piers and Abutments elt tion, seen a sutabiy ot and acne t,o toa shuimars stall be fe respontiy of tne 193.4 Blain Lines and Banc Marks jhe EORC shal te responble for he sccuate locaton of uta tes and teochna ste oo Sea sat fen exsblah oft bukng nes ang reference slevaons a acs at forte Eresors usage ne poston (ge esas cane ie penton of sds Nena ne 122.5 instataton of Anchor lis, Founda tntabation of Anchor Sos, Foundation Bots and other Enter! Downy The van thts of ek nae ne 13252 Unless eterise species Arc Rs lst a Renin es Pome $3383 Emoedeed ses and comasion materi tat are part of lead ‘dso by the EDR ry ‘secrdnce wih on appv Sina fa ntate hats conclen ate aces ae Cisse 12.181 fr be ereton othe Steal Stet ‘nate ves me {22.84 Al woke i pafomed bythe EDRC sal be competed SES 2 doy or rae wn te wok of tho Fabretor ene ‘he Bee ‘tye EDRC shal conduc survey ofthe a:b lcalons of Anchor Teen buts rd ober embeased toms, ad tal vey {fatal tome covered sm Cause 1335.1 meet the earesponsg {Diecmeas” Wer coecive scion is tecasay, tho EDR. shat (Slam ne odnce and approval the EDAD. 1324 instalation of Bearing Devices "tevin lls velna nas an washer and lose base and wang post canbe hencled waa a dro ean ae ae (Dinca grade by ne EDAG. Loose base aa bearing pits at ‘ere haing wih dick or crane sal be ye Erect 0 nls" sn gros eeebaned bythe EDR. The Pabrstor sha "okay tobe lose tase thd bering pes ah Ines oer ‘Siatle mart fo tect proper aigrment. Promptly ater te ‘Sing of Beary Devo, the EDRC shal check ne oe ans FES Phe eoto neevaton ose tothe elabiced grade for Sesetng Devers sal eequn or sean pus orm Sram {etna eatin of Bearing eves sabe te responsi oe 1227 Grouting ‘retin sel be the espana fhe Erector, Leveling ates ae one boc an eanng pntes shal be porpy grote ater ‘Moyle set choched fr fe and grade, one aporoves by EDRC. Cake th stached taco plates, bears win akached beeing Sites on oer sar membre wn tached earg vies hat Eetempecaty spp on lovely Mas end wasters, ah or ‘ester tvelng devices, Sal bo engl grated afer te ‘Sucre rameor orton ert has een bed18:84 The Faortator sa prove ld conection cals ta are ‘estar wit ho regorement of Covact Documents a th Witreautin economical atcaton and erection, 123.82 Wen tne Fatrestor is responsible for erecting the ‘Shadi Sea mo Fatrestor sa omih at aera at re feaurel for ao temporary end. pemaneat Connection of Ue ‘Stnpenet pare ore Stel See Fame 1238 men the erection ofthe Suc Ste! ot prformest ete ratenr, Fatt sa te oom ee ‘Bots, ts end washers of the required ae, ye ant ize in Scart quety Yor at Stvctoal Stele. Sracual ‘Stel fel ‘Srnec ht frat be persed bed ncladng an ena 2 feroel of eaon ot sae amar a er be ene that ae shown a nectsay fr meeup of comsnent Bieta seeliosvcura set conaecions an Backing tae and roa tt are ecuired or fet wang, WU pnlued tricone Sears Se yt tte spc, We Cont Dems, ose eal ln es a a caer oe St Se 122.40 Temporary Suppor of Structural Stel Frames ‘a Te ltraoedresaing sysiem and consetng dasragm Satis that prove Torito! sength and. sabity nthe ‘ited Src a, be Any speci erection coins o athe considerations tha re ‘eau bythe denon coca, sot as the ue of shores, acts oF (Gaetan ust bo aguas eeconprogesses fst or marian ‘Sotber poston win speed aeraneas pre-e, {423402 The EDRD shal nat to the Erector the tener Seater, Nhe, “sctwaule for non Stucurl See Sei (he ateatlosteasing ‘system and connectrg ‘Sideopm eleert enon the Contact Docent 41210. eesed vena te Ifomation provided in aconance wih SSE09 ENG i 193.0 Erector has cetermne, frsn SS wala moor suppor, sch a emgoren gor beams ‘ewan eta. or ser smarts requred forthe erecion ‘Staton These teeny suppars sal be suet 0 secu the Peers Sic! feng oan ptr ere! apis ads at bay tobe encountered dung eecon, nur those 0 © elt sea aut tom vector operators. ‘12104 Al tempore supports tet ae req a he erection {3:eion and famine ond etal by te Erector sl era he rr of he rots an sa at bo died, moves ox emoved ery ct soto te Ercan. Temporary supp rove Dy EEESS Sar ain place ul te potion of he Susur ‘Sarto tat they trace le compte ane ateraecoitng yum and comeing sapragm eerents ei bythe EDAD Pee ance wan clase. T2104 are alae. Tempore egos ta re emured to be let lace alr trecaaon ot ‘SEG Ste sealon sat be removed when ne nger nodes by1211 Satay Protection T3211 The rector sha pode for covengs, nana, watways ander ssety proton foe cca pace feud by au and apotcale stl repens Ure es Specie hfe Conta Dosumerth, Be iecar see rove sich tfety pecs toms areas’ whee Ge” ea ertons r compe oa approves y Sor 13.112 von suey protection povided byte retorse n an Sm eo er aon ser ne Sc Sel san {Indemnity the Fabvictor andor the Erector tom cemages tat ‘ay be ineted rom he eo he poten by ter ae Ener ths protection ks ceqte fr we by ter aed c Esure tat this potion complies wih apcsle saety "eauions when beg wed by ote ees and nt perc ecto remove his protection 135.113 Stet tein for he trades hata rotund no steal empoyer te Ear sal be He este Eee * ° {eoeea ante the ERG a atch no san te wah dey ie wor of he Fanesto ore Bier TO So Soa tt ei 9 sci cnr, ha Cae ot ‘Stucual Stel ame option theet is comaleted by the Erector nd eczopte bythe SORE 133.12 Sructual Stet Frame Tolerances shal net cause te erection lanes to be exceeded 182343 Erection Tolerances recon tolrances shall be dtd ritive 10 member woking sand wong nes len sabe eed a lowe 2 For members ber than atzrtl members he membae work fein shat be te acu certr ofthe member at ach dof Ne Foe nog members, the working pot hal te ne actual ‘nerine a the top range otapsutace eae ee. The member woring ae sal be ne sti ine that connects the member waning pas “The subsiton of cher wong point is permite for ease of reference, pode ey are basa upon the above deters, The {oloranees on Suctual Stel erecta sha be acme wh {he requremersrin Chale 12 ie Gade “Te coraton of minor msfts ty mera amounts of sami, inna weldng or eat, an heaving of lemons ne wih Shin pin shal b conseres tobe noma restonepertons, es that nat eect aig rego eb el ee frome report the EDRD ana EORE and he Fates bythe Erect oenatie the response ety fo eter cect te ene approve the mst eon and ees aad ef contin122.18 cus, Alterations and Holes for other Tees Neier ne Fabaatr nor he Erector snl et lar these ster ies work, nor the wert ar Wade, Yo atcommadie cet {nat Sach wa cealy speci e. Cone ‘hat fush compat ifomaton aro msn, ize eaten and fuer of aferauons n'a tm manner £08 neo delay the Preparation ot Shop ad Evecon Grong, 123.16 Handing ana Storage ‘Tne Erector shal ake reasonable cae the proper handing at stra of he Stuer! See cing erosion operator evo the cumin of excoss it ah torn rare Eco se feaprszie forthe reaval om the Stal Self st to ater tog mater tat may accumulate ng erection es est Sts tention or expos ofthe ment 193.47 Feld Painting ‘ed wos, nto touch up abations fe topcoat nat prt ny ter fl patting. 133.18 Final Cleaning Up Upon the completion of erection and before nal acopance, the {eects enove ah othe Eero, Ro and ‘4 QUALITY ASSURANCE 184.11 Te Fabricator shat maintain culty assurance pregram te ensue hate wer 'S performed In accordance, wah the Fecuemts of hie Cade and te Cote Dosurets 48:41. The Erector shal mann» quay assurance program io onsite tat the work's performed in” acoosanea wih the Fogufemerts ofthis Code andthe Cnet Oscumets. Tha Erector ‘al bear he cats of pereming he recon of eS Stee, fa shel prove a mecesary eqismert mate, personnal and management Yr te sonpe maghaude are gusty each roeet 13.42 nepection of Mil Matra Certod mil test pons shal constutesuftcent eience that ‘he mal psu seisfes mates! oe: egureren The Faber ‘Shall mate a visual nspocion of mate! tas recewed frm the fil, bt need ot perorm any ‘atral fate nls the EDR Species inthe Carat Decurnens tht aeatonal testing i fo be 124.3 Nom Destructive Testing nen non esiucive testing 1 quires, he process, eter. teattque ana sandr of sczatance al be cea spaced ‘he Cone! Docoment 13.44 Surace Preparation and Shop Painting Inepection iespecon of sutace preperation and stop painting shal be slemes forthe acceptance ef each operation te he Fabry amps Inspection of to pant sysim dng ato) and {hatness. shal be made prompty open coplelon ot the Pant ‘opieaon, When wetstim tuners 8 be hspete, A shat be 1348 independent nepection nen inspection by personal nr an thse ofthe Fabricator anaior Eredor iy speoted nthe Conax Gocuments, the fequrorns Clauzes 13457 tough Ta below all be13.481 Te Fabrety acorns Erect tal prove he inspector wid acess fo al plces where the wrk is beng pafome A teen at rt sha tien 18442 inspection o shop wont he Inspector tal be performed in the Fabresiors sup ta tiles extort gorse, Suet Inspections st be te, sequence an pared i sch matress wl nt dag fabnesonopeatans and we prt the Tear arog waar ping we 13483 inspection of feld won sal be rome eesletes witout hyn the progres or cecton ote work, fenfomance wth the Conraet Cocuments shal be pried ay ‘ime cng te progress a he wor Gefencles that are noted by te Inspector omy ave he Insoeton Cops ofa ports epared bythe Ieper shal Se fromty giver fo the Faber angie he Enc The recs 13486 The Inspec shal nt suggest det oF apreve the Fasator andor Erode to devate or he Contact Oats or te spproved Shop and Erosion Orwsaga, or approve Sesh ‘devotion. without te wien sproval ot he EDRO ard EORC, ‘teas ™ 1344 Types of contracts ‘Seite tobe ord by he Fable arin Erector shal be completely defines inthe Contact Documents that vega to be perormss by the Fabre anor te Erect, the yp of mates, the arate” Tabeton ad ne Eenates of ercien stl be based upon the Contract Cocumens, 43.1.3 Foc conrats that stout a price per tm, he wav ta ‘esredo te peromed ty he Febrero alr he Erector shat be ftee uno the quay and te character 6 the Home hot Ae ‘eseraed in he Conroe Oneurerts 13.14 For conrects ha sgutte ut peso various cleo Sacral Soe the Scope of work routed be peers By he Fabieatar and the recor sh be based psn te QUE, arate and componty of he tems n each category ae deserted ‘the Conract Docume. and shat see be epecectve of he ‘ohio be pated n ath exten 1352 Calculation of Weights Lsies onervise specie in the crac. tr contacts stplatng pice oe to for fbi Stl Ste that reed ano freee, to ques of meal or payer shat be earned Sine cates of te goss woh Ot Matera a shown "ho Shop Ownage. 132.1 The unit weight of ste! shal be taken as 7850 ki’. The {rit wore ther mara shall be in aocordene’ wih Ihe ‘anfacture’s pushes daa fore pected12522 Te weighs of Sanda! Stuer shapes, plates and bars ‘at be calaltes onthe bass ot Shop rawnge tha sow the ‘iil quotes ana dimension of atta o Be fate, 3 ‘stows The weigs ofa Sande Stnctual shapes stl be eeted ‘Sine nominl went per meter and te detatedovera eng The wos of pes and tare shal be cles uang the ‘otatogoveral estargircmensons «en pts in be rial cn mages tom mateo ‘heer acon Gmenoors ofthe mareal fom When Ihe 4. When pars ar cut tom Standard Sutra shapes, leaving 2 ‘on slaraar section hat fetus an the came conc he Melt shalt cleled using he non! wnt ser meter athe etates overage Staaars Sura shapes or whch Deductions sna not be made or mtr nets emaved ees, ‘Sipe, lps, locks, eling, pnering, bon, te ling, pling oF wel preparation, 43823 The woahts of shop or tes wed metal and prcsacve aatnge shal not be Inuded ine aleusied weigh or he purposes 2 payment 1453 Revisions tothe Contact Documents varaion of change seer or sare wor oer. Unies nse ‘oe the iesUanee ofa rows othe Coast Gocirane sha ‘ratte auorzaton by tho Employer tat the evan rested ‘or consrcten Tha crt pcs an sched shale aod ‘steatance wih Clauss Sana 1484 Contact Price Adustment {241 When the s2ope of work and ‘Sepsis of the Fabiclor andr te Erector are changed fom those previously fetenated i the Conat Document sppepdae modeaton fF the contract pe shal be masa In compaig the cana peo ‘tjutmant the Fabatr and he Esso hal cose ie gusty Thott and te maiens of ihe change wh expt othe sate ‘meer denn, ctalig, eben and erecion operations, bythe Fabseator andor the Ezecor in timely manner and sha be Stcompanioa by 2 desciion of the change Wat suet fo part veut and timely approval iy he Emesayer 18843 Preeprton end pice pcitem contact sat provide for Scions o eas tote quad ef work ta ease pie 0 the time the works rtansed for coercion, When hanges ae age to the carer ofthe work a any tine or when aden Err dtetons are made tothe uarty tthe wor ater esau sated Desan Oring wil be alesse for conston, such Oasign Brana rent auaiaae ane tne o dng, anc wen to ‘Ste Touaatans, pes and. abtments wil be Tad) ee tort [he cesta tne ane conus vatout inerereney 5 delay ‘hused oy the EDR wr ater Pages 13552 The Fearcatr andlor me Erector shal aduso the Empioyees EDRC ard EDAD. n a ely manner, of the eet any foun hason be cont scale125.8 i te fabrication or eetion spice delayed ue to ‘evisons of te equremerts ofthe cowrac, a fo ater reese that arte resporsaiy of oer he Fabicaor acer Erocor ‘hal be compensates fore sional me an: oss nce am 1256 Toms of Payment “ems of payment fo the eatac sal be sated inthe ee me CHAPTER 14 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF STEEL BRIDGES 144 GENERAL Stes! Bdges se subject to gradual deeseraion die to corrosion, mechancal wear, pac and tag camage tn moving loss, that requze pene malmenance Wrought tha Srocsie, ‘Te damage Hato get worse oo expose the seu ofthe stra o danger, bau be oped te ducky 83 Posse ‘42 wesPEcTION Tne inspection of stot dose may be clseied a perodic lnspacion snd spec or tated pean 1421 Peso tnspection This lea of inspection shoud be made at fequent, sede lnervas dopeng on he canton, ape of he ge an ype ot ta: Geneay hs epecon made vay a every che yest nd eovers tne os pots ‘General condon of ptt a the entre ste src, > Coniton of te pats of me frame won wih whch the ffnstcton os ‘llows mater to ret cola for prerged fetiods or ets wich may undergo tne sgressve acon af xe The stat of rivets, bots, wel in or beams connections and Sia those in spleneat min pars connec web mendes peta over chor members, 1. Condon of te gusset lates egpeily in ol bridges wherepilenes and aoge distances of vets may be found to exceed ‘Ste of and componets of the beige in eoiac wih the Salmons or supported on prs causgGestucton of hese ws oF emponets erect supported en pes. Condon of besings a wl a he comgonants fhe mactinery tmovable biges {9 Sto of etaing was ana pers anh fountains. he State of me tack especialy slgnmert and lesion wih ‘irene the ste src mend ad acne Cac span 1 Condition atthe deck concria: 2° So was en raings 5 basam boing a a ep 1 eteroothg 1422 Special or Detaled nepection eel ridges sal undergo deta iapecson ot least once very #8 your: This nspecton shal cover owing Ps Location and numberof sels and (us Nat ate lose an of ‘wei hat have Bad eooded hess, paying sped tention 1 Wels on itrl tractg and cuss ames, stloness and otter Sate of movate bongs and the cewance setween expansion feos states cing sar ‘Serica mat De er ‘Gspacoment..) ote subse, 4 Condon of members ss to ls af Seton due 1 cara, estate e rang exact locaton and exter of sch ston. Measurement of ‘Smahng secon "member. badly coroded ans” pay {Kenn es of metal in oe. bea Hagen webs, wl 8S satel rg sso Check of pies end abuiment levels, especialy for bigos {. Permanent cafecion sta be mesure fr bge decks mare ‘han 180m son. and compare wit proves values orsire tat 1162. inspection Sketeh for lentifeation of Members Type! setces ar 9 be prepared by Ispactr to show coect loony and lcaton of pans or meme. desebod nha Inspection rept. Photographs shal be used 1) show ral ‘Canaton nd io amp evaue heron 1424 Fite of Bdge “There ust be fle fox enh se contain he fotowing: Typo and origin of materials and tests caried out bere 2 Type founda ae a investipation repon 2 Dette a5 bl ravings fal pars of he rp. {5 The pen ot quanti usd. (6 Reauts fet and comparison wlth hort clone. 7 Pos ines ting pace during consrton | Mtenance cared ut especialy dates when the bilge was ‘pared er tengianes Segeamne 21 Rep or aterdions ae crn servis, 11. Phsograptic éocurerts onthe constuction phases 95 tose, ‘with may concem dor docs aamage, ‘a HANTENANCE OF STEEL BRIDGES 142.11 Nomal maintenance must ies prod! lang ofa ages sacs by coaxed 143.42 Pans which are exposes to dct anack by smoke a the Brocton of eagrestive products ab Sal, savers, te, should be protest, epee geting or proper use of een pany maa 14:14 scour in river bd mustbe stops. Speci menses of ‘a resiment nd olin might e ede $s ole Es noe lowe aca ay erat the sive. Dranape oles win feasonale siametrs mu B0 rte ois ees, 143.6 Paiming {For sucues ot grat exgese 1 cores, the Me of wel Sgt pas al leat (210) yor. emecite aitonanes ersions maybe fsated Io e pars ofthe sure men Ser expated oust or for en hs perad wool De hrm Where the pai sto be malined an sa! sutees, th sel Shall be prepared ae pred wih tho Yeconmenaton of the ‘oyun oe ‘nlovant Egypan Sincere Spectcaton. & Sracures whee pact wom of ble ths #40 years pore Shal unde spec apecona Yo decid the tne between to ‘ovsssive gers paling operons shoud be reduces or ‘woud be neem lo ap} Spec pat 4. The beating areas ofthe sings or wooden lepers oud be fepaltes avery tine th woooen pars fe repacad and every re {he stucur roped, Fors purpose bturinacs pane he 143..7 Riveting and Boing Locke sets ae detects bythe Seger an tamer te. Very loose ets are recognised ty the vise tng a they have Sound hk heads Lense ets mut be replated Oy righ sven fate as ese ge ctorgercomediare tere ate soe lose Fats a pi, otro rpc athe th sles by ‘ow ign seg bts et aPemgenous sae, Aer he fal phenng et the bots, they mu. be parted bythe usa pest Dung the seaies inspection of bees, wth hgh serge Bod ‘exonecons, he forge of te Stony of tose ols sul be ‘Sreokes bya eal wench, ayn the Assembled Units The increase of he ate nas lect higher sess in iets ol bes tay have on badly seamed oles or sd aed fies. “Unde mpl. hes holes ate an"ovel shape and the "anectd prs se Ia the cretion of he own tes Sevetonng ‘ron oy, “Teve tas should be dcoveed stan eaty sage a they appearing tounge te. and ay fin nocd he ‘socom otha ceased pt, Cracks in 4 Bridges Is ot esomude wed a cack in tes eS, Fcc awih ime is shat cause ter cracks, however wong may be oe im eases where veins boing sot poste. Te erated a canbe replacod by anew pat ore crack canbe covered wih Ntucted er ood cover a, Te cack popagaion ‘may be Stepped by eng 15 mm holes tether ond of esa. Sense, the pits plate eras ust te niow Sees fargo areas ‘Sang bearings Outing pric mltenance the se pate must be Caones to iepnate a doposts or rust heh rt eee he tunctan. For Drapes 1S ry span or mor, the sg bearage ms e ated ‘mar to bel etd ain Ay ay sre be eamnatedy puting lerporary see pacha Of & {ickrse coresponding te amas Ot pep, 1 prove he tocesstry contacts ao ponent o erat ihe archorage of {tebaage ane the marsonancoa! he eve ofthe ack a Gah ens, “Tho uo of iasiomercbeuings shout te goraaica insta af tne sea beanngs. a8 toy ate fund to sop tasecation of bearing ti espa to abutments Graten bee tes muse esond “ess the eroak slates ona regi pa of he suace Roter bearings Dut pee matenare al ar suse snd ne ints as vel ste baring pates must e canes ara iene. tine ‘ge Tepe ae ma often a revet ay Gost or frocion part shine bres waen tas By ote) Siero oer, wih hve fen avy So! oe pace ee {rea goston ater tng We ge Theses Soca She sate me and ine ambit tegersure face ers ‘Sout be pace intercones mean stan ive te Serge ire net poi oo wr. 09 20 Da ye ‘tino move sce an ts Hs racommendede ove ach ‘ngs 14.3: Jackng of Bridges for Bearing Replacement It recommended t oesee in the nil Sesion of te ies some resarvatons flow fring epesonsrequred'a repos Staged. Searngs as for lf does, jacking. up etek ferent, tay be necneany to at Rew temper sua ‘omans sucha shot cot, ing. brackets oF niches 1 Sccommedate ie [ec In cae the svaiatle under baers eh oes rt alow te pong arma acs, et jacks ay bo sed Inseed Stet bape components ray requre stengihering Cte the startup of Jacking Inova to prover damage of te eesing Sue, The ino and bingng down ino postion oprstons ‘ould be carted at under conn mensbong, ota and frgicenng spersien by qualita persnnel maniog avainle Yo {tam he aproprate eure Spiting of brerng, brokan roles may resut im creck and satoment of the supersireDecng on the typeof tom earings shouldbe cereluly sched corseang the folowing ‘adore te boght vert the new bearings, fore tnsmssiot Fartculey ese acing nthe horaars etna ao he Sabi tthe sib suc components. Jacks shoul peer fest 90 Teflon ples fo eliminate ary hovzotlfeactens tat may Inu dona! srestas nh sperarasre. The eynde pac of te [sok to bo cacusted rom te manimum reason asdng ve Ieee and impact the wons are perormed uncer normal ale ncn ana ony frees lade wa nar, Shou ta far satety supose, he ges of tem bath