DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Schools Division of Bulacan,

City of Malolos, Bulacan

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Science 8

SELF – LEARNING KIT

FOURTH QUARTER

SELF – LEARNING KIT

FOURTH QUARTER
 FOREWORD

This Self- Learning Kit (SLK) in Science is intended for Grade 8

Students. The objectives of this SLK are to identify the parts of the
Digestive System and explain its process of digestion by ingestion,
absorption, assimilation and excretion and to clearly understand the
diseases and healthful practices of the digestive system.

The activities in this SLK clearly explain how diseases of the

digestive system can be prevented, detected and treated. Moreover,
develop skills in identifying certain disease of the system.

Knowledge about the parts and functions of the digestive

system will enable the learners to fully understand the functions of each
part. Finally, the use of this SLK will make learning more interesting, easy
and self-directed.

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 PART I: WHAT HAPPENED?

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion. S8LT- Iva-13
2. Explain how diseases of the digestive system are prevented, detected
and treated. S8LT- Iva- 14
3. Identify healthful practices that affects the digestive system.
S8LT- Iva-14
OBJECTIVES
1. Illustrate the parts and functions of the Digestive System.
2. Explain the process of ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion of
the Digestive System.
3. Determine the diseases and healthful practices that affects the Digestive
System.
What is Digestive System?

All of the words below are hidden in the puzzle. See how many words you can find
about Digestive System. Look in all directions to find the hidden words. Encircle the
.
words in the puzzle.

M S B A N A N A A P P L E Z A S Y U R E
O M O G I N P P G A L L B L A D D E R N
U A Y E S T L S I N Z X C M C V I L L I
T L Z R S T O M A C H M G N H L N R G T
H L Z D E O E Y E R E C T U M A O D U S
A I D I V I P E P E P S I N A I I I R E
R N O S M G R H O A T L L F P N T A L T
T T G O N E Y H A S I K K T O E P R P N
E E G O V B A I N G E S T I O N R R I I
R S Z I D O N A L L U S K O G A O H N E
E T L G H D S A A N U S I P I K S E E G
C I N D I G E S T I O N K M H T B A R R
L N M A S S I M I L A T I O N F A V O A
U E C O N S T I P A T I O N Z E T J O L
WORD BANK

MOUTH PANCREAS GALLBLADDER DIARRHEA

ESOPHAGUS SMALL INTESTINE PEPSIN CONSTIPATION
STOMACH LARGE INTESTINE VILLI ULCER
LIVER ANUS INGESTION GERD
RECTUM ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION INDIGESTION
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 PART II: WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

Digestive System...what is it???

The Digestive system is made up

of the gastrointestinal called GI or Digestive
Tract. The function of the digestive system is to
break down and absorb nutrients from the
foods we eat, the process is called digestion.
Foods moves to the GI tract by the process of
peristalsis.

PARTS AND PROCESSES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. MOUTH: It is where ingestion and digestion begin, when

you chewed food , saliva start digesting carbohydrates,
Ingestion means the process of taking food, drink or any
substance in the body by swallowing.

2. ESOPHAGUS: It is about 9- 10 inches (25 cm.) long. The

brain will signal the muscle of the esophagus and
peristalsis begins where the foods is pushed down in the
stomach.

3. STOMACH: After the food enters the stomach, the

muscles of the stomach mix the food and liquid with the
digestive juices. Hydrochloric acids kills bacteria, Enzymes
break down proteins, The Stomach will empty its contents
called chyme.

4. LIVER: The liver is a large organ that sits on the right

side of the belly. It detoxifies and metabolizes drugs. The
liver secretes green liquid called bile that breaks down
fats and makes protein important for blood clotting.

.PANCREAS: Many kinds of digestive enzymes are made

here. It is located in the abdomen. It converts the food
we eat into fuel for the body. It helps indigestion and
regulate blood sugar.

6.SMALL INTESTINE: The small intestine in adults is a long,

narrow tube about 7 meters (23 feet) long. 90 % of
digestion, absorption and assimilation of foods occur
here. The main function of the small intestine is absorption
of nutrients and minerals from foods.

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 7.LARGE INTESTINE: The large intestine is shorter than the
small intestine it is only about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long. It
absorbs water from remaining indigestible food matter
and carry the useless wastes materials from the body.

8. RECTUM: The final secretion on the large intestine

terminating at the anus. The average human rectum may
range between 10 and 15 cm. It acts as the temporary
storehouse of feces. Feces is a waste matter discharge
from bowels.

9. ANUS: The opening of the far end of the digestive tract

where the process of excretion or elimination of feces
takes place.

WHAT ARE COMMON DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

1. Diarrhea – feces are discharged frequently in liquid forms with irritable bowel syndrome,
blood in stool and stomachache. It can be treated with oral rehydration solutions
(ORS).
2. Constipation – difficulty in emptying the bowels usually with hardened stools. Slowly
chew the food and drink plenty if water. It can be treated with laxative.
3. Ulcer – a sore that develop on the inside lining of the stomach with dull pain, nausea
and vomiting. Medication include antibiotics to kill the infections.
4. GERD – (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) include weight loss. Take antacids.
5. Ingestion – Diffuculty ingesting foods with abdominal pain and bloating. Avoid late
night eating. To prevent this disease take antacids and drink a cup of hot ginger.

Here are some helpful practices that

affect the Digestive System

1. Limits foods that are high in fats

2. Exercise regularly
3. Eat high – fiber diet
4. Manage Stress
5. Eat on time
6. Chew and eat food slowly
7. Drink plenty of water
8. Drink probiotics
9. Avoid smoking, excessive drinking
10. Stop eating when you feel fullof
coffee and alcohol

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ACTIVITY 1

Below are common diseases of the digestive system. Fill the missing letters to form a
word. Read the clues in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. G __ __ D - gastroesophageal reflux disease
causes chess pain and difficulty
swallowing.
2. C __ N S __ __ P A __ __ __ N
- difficulty in emptying bowel with hard
stool often associated with the feeling
of blockage the rectum.
3.U __ __ __ R
- sores that develop on the lining of the
stomach with nausea and vomiting.
4. D __ __ R R __ __ A
- feces usually in liquid forms, this
disease are caused by bacteria.
5. I N __ __ G __ S __ __ __ N
- difficulty in digesting food, sometimes
the person suffering from this disease
have acidic taste in the mouth.

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ACTIVITY 2
Tell whether the practices listed below are good or bad to our digestive
system. Write your answers on the appropriate column.

GOOD PRACTICES BAD PRACTICES

** eat slowly ** drink plenty of water

** avoid alcoholic beverages ** snacking too close to bed time
** skipping meals ** maintain a healthy weight
** gum chewing ** chew food thoroughly
** exercise regularly ** eating too much

** consume food with healthy bacteria

** eat a high fiber diet
** choose to eat fatty meat
** ignoring the urge to go to the bathroom
** go to bed after eating

Let’s see... what are

healthful practices of
the digestive system?

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ACTIVITY 3

Identify the parts of the Digestive System by labelling and coloring each part.

1.Color the mouth – Red 6.Color the Small Intestine - Violet

2.Color the Esophagus – Yellow 7.Color the Large Intestine – Pink
3.Color the Stomach – Orange 8.Color the Rectum – Black
4.Color the Pancreas – Green 9.Color the Anus - Brown
5.Color the Liver – Blue

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 PART III: WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

EVALUATION:
Multiple Choice: Read and analyze the following questions and write the best
answer on the space provided.
__________ 1. The greenish substance in the liver that breaks fat.
a. bile b. enzymes
c. hydrochloric acid d. chyme
__________ 2. Chewing is an example of what process in digestion?
a. absorption b. assimilation
c. ingestion d. excretion
__________ 3. Why do we need to chew slowly the food we eat?
a. so our bodies can use the nutrients from food
b. so it can fit our esophagus
c. so liquid can be separated from solids
d. so that our body enzymes will become active
__________ 4. Where does the process of digestion begin?
a. in the esophagus b. in the large intestine
c. in the stomach d. in the mouth
__________ 5. The function of the digestive system is to_____.
a. breaks down and absorb nutrients
b. control the movement of the muscles.
c. circulate blood throughout the body.
d. produce perspiration
__________ 6. This glands secrete saliva ; a chemical substance that’s is
combination of watery fluids.
a. salivary glands b, large intestine
c. digestive glands d. none of the above
__________ 7. On what part of the digestive system the digestion ends?
a. small intestine b. large intestine
c. anus d. rectum
__________ 8. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the _____ and ends in
the small intestine.
a. stomach b. anus
c. rectum d. large intestine
__________ 9. The role of the liver is to ______.
a. remove harmful substances from the blood
b. mash up foods
c. turn water into food
d. give taste to the food
__________ 10. Which of these can maintain intestinal health?
a. fiber b. fat
c. starches d. vitamins

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REFERENCES

1. Campo, Pia C. et al, (2013),Science Learner’s Module. Vibal

Publishing House Inc.
2. Madriaga, Estrella A.et.al.(2015). Literacy for Grade 8. Manila:
Rex Book Store Inc. Science Links Worktext for Science and
Technology
https://mcb-berkeley.edu
https://www.everydayhealth.com>9 common digestive condition
https://www.webmb.com>digestive-system
https://prezi,com>qrnxjrvmabfo>healthful practices that affect
digestive system
https://ginoyeou,wordpress.com

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 This material was contextualized by the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD)
Learning Resource Management
and Development System
(LRMDS)
Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BULACAN

LALAINE GRACE C. MAGLALANG

Writer

DERRICK JOSEPH M. SICAT

Illustrator
Layout Artist

EFREN M. SANTIAGO
Principal IV

MARINELLA P. GARCIA SY, Ph. D.

Science Education Supervisor

AGNES R. BERNARDO, Ph. D.

Education Program Supervisor – Science
Alternative Delivery Mode of Education

GLENDA S. CONSTANTINO JOANNARIE C. GARCIA

Project Development Officer II Librarian II

RAINELDA M. BLANCO, Ph. D.

LRMDS Supervisor

GREGORIO C. QUINTO Jr., Ed. D.

Chief Curriculum and Implementation Division

ZENIA G. MOSTOLES, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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SYNOPSIS
The Digestive System works hard to give our
body energy from the foods we eat. This Self-Learning kit has
a brief discussion of the different parts and functions of the
Digestive System, it also focused on the different process of
digestion and its diseases. Activities in this kit helps the
learners to identify, illustrate, explain, and understand the
Digestive System. Determining the diseases and helpful
practices that affect the Digestive System were also given
emphasis in this SLK.

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 KEY TO CORRECTION : THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

What Happened
M S B A N A N A A P P L E Z A S Y U R E
O M O G I N P P G A L L B L A D D E R N
U A Y E S T L S I N Z X C M C V I L L I
T L Z R S T O M A C H M G N H L N A G T
H L Z D E O E Y E R E C T U M A O D U S
A I D I V I C E P E P S I N A I I I R E
R N O S M G R H O A T L L F P N T A L T
T T G O N E Y H A S I K K T O E P R P N
E E G O V B A I N G E S T I O N R R I I
R S Z I D O N A L L U S K O G A O H N E
E T L G H D S A A N U S I P I K S E E G
C I N D I G E S T I O N K M H T B A R R
L N M A S S I M I L A T I O N F A V O A
U E C O N S T I P A T I O N Z E T J O L
ACTIVITY # 1
1. GERD
2. CONSTIPATION
3. ULCER
4. DIARRHIA
5. INGESTION
ACTIVITY # 2
GOOD HABIT BAD HABIT
1. Eat slowly 1. Skip meals
2. Avoid alcoholic beverages 2. Gum chewing
3. Exercise regularly 3. Snacking too close to bed time
4. Drink plenty of water 4. Eating too much
5. Maintain a healthy weight 5. Choose to eat fatty foods
6. Chew food thoroughly 6. Ignoring the urge to go to
bathroom
7. Consume foods with healthy bacteria 7. Go to bead after eating
8. Eat a light fiber diet
ACTIVITY # 3
1. MOUTH - RED 6. LARGE INTESTINE- PINK
2. ESOPHAGUS - YELLOW 7. SMALL INTESTINE
3. LIVER – BLUE 8. RECTUM - BLACK
4. STOMACH – ORANGE 9. ANUS - BROWN
5. PANCREAS – GREEN

ASSESSMENT
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. E
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A