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2
Source of Moments :
4
Relative
Stiffness
5
Relative Stiffness
6
Remember !
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)
Ux, Uy, Uz
x, y, z
7
Degrees of Freedom
(DOF)
Rotation
MK M
K=M/ 10
Examples
Translation (membrane)
First Method
K
d=1
11
Second Method
d
F
FK d F
K
d
FL F EA
d
EA d L
EA
K
L 12
Rotation (Flexural)
M
M
MK K
13
B
M A
Tensi o n
MBA
MBA
MAB
+
MAB 14
MAB MBA
A B
+ MBA
A B
MAB
A B
A1 B1
A2 B2
A = A1 + A2 B = B1 + B2 = 0 15
A1 B1
Conjugate Beam
L
MAB
= QElastic
M AB L
M AB L
A1
MAB 3 EI
2 EI
M AB L
B1
M AB L M AB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 16
MBA
A2 B2
M BA L
2 EI MBA = QElastic
M BA L
A2
6 EI
M BA L
M BA L M BA L
B2
3 EI
6 EI 3 EI
17
B = B1 + B2 = 0
M AB L M BA L
B1
B2
6 EI 3 EI
_ M AB L + M BA L = 0
6 EI 3 EI
M BA L M AB L
=
3 EI 6 EI
M
M M= M
AB
BA
2 2
18
A = A1 + A2
M AB L M BA L
A1
A2
3 EI 6 EI
M AB L _ M BA L
A =
3 EI 6 EI
M= M
AB
BA
2
M AB L _ M AB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI
19
M AB L _ M AB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI
A =
M AB L
EI ( 1 _ 1
3 )
12
A =
EI (
M L 4 _ 1
AB
12 12 )
M AB L
A =
4 EI
20
M AB L
A =
4 EI
MAB 4 EI
=
A L
M
K
= 4 EI
L
21
Members with One Hinged End
M
M
K
22
M A B
L
= QElastic
M AB L
A
MAB M AB L 3 EI
2 EI M AB L
B
M AB L M AB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 23
M AB L
A =
3 EI
M
K
= 3 EI
L
K = 3/4 Ko 24
Members with symmetry
25
Members with symmetry
M M
M
K
26
M M
MAB
M AB L
EI = QElastic
M AB L M AB L M AB L
A =
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
27
M AB L
A =
2 EI
M
K
= 2 EI
L
Sym
K = 1/2 Ko 28
Members with Anti-symmetry
29
Members with Anti-symmetry
M
M
M
K
30
M
M
M AB L
4 EI
MAB
L 2/3
= QElastic
MAB MAB L
M AB L A =
4 EI 6 EI
MAB L MAB L
6 EI 6 EI 31
MAB L
A =
6 EI
M
K
= 6 EI
L
Anti-Sym
K = 3/2 Ko 32
Summary
= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 33
Relative Stiffness
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 4 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB ICD
:
LAB LCD 34
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 3 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB 3 ICD
:
LAB 4 LCD 35
Distribution Factor (DF)
Relative
Stiffness
36
Distribution Factor (DF)
2
2 1
3 3
2 1
1+2 1+2 37
Distribution Factor (DF)
1
3 1
1+2+3
3 1
1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
3
38
Distribution Factor (DF)
M
A
MBA C
B
MBA=KBA MBD MBC
MBC=KBC M =MBA+MBC+MBD
MBD=KBD M=(KBA+KBC+KBD)
D
MBA=(KBA/K) M M=K
MBC=(KBC/K) M =M/K
MBD=(KBD/K) M 39
Carry Over Moment (COM)
40
B
M A
MBA
MAB
M
M M M
AB
BA =
2 2
Carry Over Moment (COM)
41
Sign convention:
+
-
42
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
P
PL PL
- 8 8
L
w 2
2
wL wL
- 12 12
L
43
44
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
w
w L2 w L2
- 20 30
L
P a b2
- L2
a b P b a2
L2
L 45
M b (2a-b) M a (2b-a)
M
L2 L2
a b
L
M
M
- M
L/2 L/2
- 4
4
46
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
47
Examples
48
Example 1 :
Draw B.M.D & S.F.D for the shown beam
A B 16 t C
2 t/m
I 6 2I 8
49
A B 16 t C
2 t/m
I 6 2I 8
FEM : Fixed End Moment
I 6 2I 8
w L2 2 6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - =
8 8
MFCB = 16 tm
51
A 2 t/m B 16 t C
I 6 2I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
K AB : K BC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 52
A 2 t/m B 16 t C
I 6 2I 8
DF : K AB : K BC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6
53
A B C
4 10 10 19
54
A 2 t/m B 16 t C
I 6 2I 8
4 10 10 19
14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
-- -
+ + +
2
BMD 17.5 55
14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
-- -
+ + +
BMD 2
6 8
56
Free Body Diagram 17.5
12 t 10 10
4 2 t/m 16 t 19
6 8
6t 6t 8t 8t
1t 1t 1.125 t 1.125 t
5t 7t 6.875 t 9.125 t
57
12 t
2 t/m 16 t
6 8
5t 7t 6.875 t 9.125 t
5 6.875
+ +
- -
SFD
7 9.125 58
Summary
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment 59
Summary
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2
2
L
wL
60
12
Summary
Relative Stiffness RS
= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 61
Summary
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3
3 1
1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
62
3
Summary
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal
63
Questions
64