Equipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil
Example 7.1:
Acetone is to be recovered from an aqueous stream by continuous
distillation. Design the plates for the column. Use sieve plates
Given data:
Feed How rate = 13,000 kg/hr, 3.3 mol% Aceton.
Top streams; Reflux ratio = 1.35, 94 mol% Aceton.
Bottom composition; essentially water
Vapor flow rate = 162 kmoV/hr
Liquid flow rate = 811.6 kmol/hr
Number of real stages = 25
Slope of the bottom operating line = 5.0
Slope of top operating line = 0.57
From steam tables,
base temperature 106 °C top Bein: 57°C
py=0.72 kg/m? p kg/m?
pi = 954 kg/m? 53 kg/m”
Surface tension = 57* 10° N/m Surface t 23x 10° Nin
Me =55.6
Solution:
a
Flow-rates
Mol. weight feed = 0.033 x 58+ (1 — 0.033)18 = 19.32
Feed = 13,000/19.32 = 672.9 kmol/h
‘A mass balance on acetone gives:
Top product, D = 672.9 x 0.033/0.94 = 23.6 kmol/h
Vapour rate, V = D(1 + R) = 23.6(1 + 1.35) = 55.5 kmol/h
An overall mass balance giv
Bottom product, B = 672.9 — 23.6 = 649.3 kmol/h
Slope of the bottom operating line Ly,'/Vin! = 5.0
and Viq! = Ly’ —B, from which:
vapour flow below feed, Vi,’ = 162.3 kmol/h
liquid flow below feed, Lm’ = 811.6 kmol/h
Column diameter
[0.72
Fy bottom = 5.0y/ 557 = 0.14
Fry top = 0.57
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Take plate spacing as 0.5 m
From Figure |
base K, = 7.5 x 107?
top K; = 9.0 x 107?
Correction for surface tensions
57\ 9? i —2
base = (3) x75 x 10°* = 9.3 x 10 N
9302 i Ss
top Ki = (3) 9.0 x 10-2 = 9.3 x 107 we
base uy = 9.3 x 107)
top uy = 9.3 x 10
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate
base ify = 3.38 x 0,85 = 2.87 m/s
top ty = 1.78 x 0.85 = 1.51 m/s
Maximum volumetric flow-rate
162.3 x 18
base = ———~— = 1.13 m*
aS = O73 x 3600 me
55.5 x 55.6
= ————_ = 0.42 m*
op = 505 x 3600 — 042 m/s
Net area required
bottom = +13 = 0.40 m?
antatl laste
0.42 >
—— = 0.28 m’
top 131 0.28 m’
As first trial take downcomer area as 12% of total.
Column cross-sectioned area
0.40 2
base = —— = 0.46 m*
0.88 ~
0.28 2
top = 7 gg = 0.32 m
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Column diameter
O4ex4
base = / x" =0.77 m
REZ
top = y = 64m
Use same diameter above and below feed, reducing the perforated area for plates above
the feed.
Nearest standard pipe size ; outside diameter 812.8 mm (32 in); standard
wall thickness 9.52 mm; inside diameter 794 mm.
Provisional plate design wy”
Column diameter D, = 0.79 m Y
Column area A, = 0.50 m?
Downcomer area Ay = 0.12 x 0.50 = 0.06 m?, at 12%
Net area A, = Ap — Ay = 0.50 — 0,06 = 0.44 m?
Active area Ay = Ae — 2Ay = 0.50 — 0.12 = 0.38 m?
Hole area Aj, take 10 per cent A as first trial = 0,038 m?
Weir length (from Figure 4) = 0.76 x 0.79 = 0.60 m
Take weir height 50 mm
Hole diameter Ss mm
Plate thickness 5S mm
Check weeping
; sar 811.6 x 18
‘Maximum liquid rate = Ee) = 4.06 kg/s
Minimum liquid rate, at 70% —turn-down = 0.7 x 4.06 = 2.84 kg/s
‘i Now = 750 a . =27 liquid
maximum Moy = Seaxo0e) = 27 mm liquis
aes yt
on ow = 750 sa es
minimum h, 75 opctsn z oa 2 mm liquid
at minimum rate Ay + Row = 50+ 22 = 72 mm
From Figure 3, Ky = 306
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FtEquipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil
30.6 — 0.90(25.4 — 5)
(0.72)'2
minimum vapour rate
ii (min) = = 14 m/s
actual minimum vapour velocity =
ht
A
0.7 x 1.13
= CO = 20.8 ms
~ 0.038
So minimum operating rate will be well above weep point.
Number of holes
Area of one hole = 1.964 x 10-5 m*
0.038
= = 193
Number of holes 1964 x 10-7 1935
Check entrainment
1.13
4 = dag = 2.57 aa
% flooding = F5; = 76
F.y = 0.14, from Figure 2, ¥ = 0.018, well below 0.1.
As the per cent flooding is well below the design figure of 85, the column diameter
could be reduced, but this would increase the pressure drop.
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Republic of Iraq قارعلا ةيروهمج Ministry of higher education يلاعلا ميلعتلا ةرازو Al-Muthanna university ىنثملا ةعماج College of engineering ةسدنهلاةيلك chemical department