1288 PRINCPLES OF PAYSICAL CHEMISTRY Physical constants of some common protein molecules are given in Table 2 TABLE 2 seal Costs of Sone Genmee Pret Moles at 20°C é = Pace Tet, | pam | pee) | Rene Tea ey 19 Po om ‘ao Mest (an) “a 6 on Soro aeons) “a & on owe Depend | 406 1 on 1530 Ser st ny ‘ 3 om noe sen shan oe) | us a os now Sermo 70 ‘a on ss.00 Lymer ez yew, | 190 i ons 1509 in wee 3 om ssi Pani 390 %0 ons 33300 Use ite a on oe Tae ote vem] sen es on | morn Eomple 9. Using date gf Tale 2 ete the molar mate of serum goblin a 20°C. The density of water of 20°C 0988 pcs Saude + T2204 Mise mK Re BFK ml! Se TOI0 5 D = 40x10? eat et = Ae wt et ¥ = 0% a0 gi p= ome gaa? Siting he above dain 46, ve ive S27 __ aw yp s16rx mor 253155) ODI” CMT O Ser T9090 5e=7) 16794 m2 3 mat Comey © 1670 ig wot = 17am g mot Bartle n crossing a vertical plane per second, from higher concentration to lower concentration ‘irectly proportional tothe area of cross-section, A andthe concentration gradient, ddr. Le ‘Rate of diffusion = a me G1) here Dis the diffusion coefficient in nits of em? 5. For solute molecules flowing through unt area (4=1), Seve sd # acrowoucatss 100 ists en in Ea 52 tus ben onited see te conczataton gan ices ‘ering valve of Site, rom Nes Beti fin ian Bre se, TORS ih ta, Mae RT de a” fdr WSar 3 3 From Ba. 40, dhe rat of sedimensation ofthe plyme: solution i given by mt iy ape ° « ae. molten of « at 9 Sse lium, te ait ate sequal othe sedimentation rate, we have fom Eqs, 53 le = erie rc) Bride mores 5 “ o Ifa OO ca) Cenzling rom bot sides of Ea. 57, sting m = Me aad separating he varies, we bre 4 Myot-¥ £. =), 6% 9) & _ Myo ~ 5p) o Io eT ee - 2) (6) Which can be rearranged w sve Fe = 287 ne /4) i, = = BGIa) a ol - Fe =P) “ where w is the angular velocity of the rotar (in radians s') ; p is the density of the Solution; ¢ is comceae i a dsance rj and i the coment at dsance 9 re Sit The Pot of In voag 22, determined by phonetic measurement. From Eq ye ats Should be lear wit sope equal (0 Hot ~ Sp)/2RP. They toesPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 40) ae 1 +0880) a where ris he distance of he obser fom he ample, Uni volume nd a be eka! plasty of ee ed Ts wn slut te yw veel 13 diel eco oss We go, Te cee of lib, Raph eon wis ih ot a he ie es ning pa pile pw sores and ade ight all evs. Te oe poli bbe of he ving (osesing) les. " Ts csomiy wi eee nr of esata, potueby, T's brown fom ops tnt spc refstion, 1 pweaby aerate tig rtp ete ee tint i noes be Ea ce, les asa mea of ei Pcfaton per ut voli, i 46) mez 3 . Assuming that m= Iso that 12 + 2 3, this equation reduces to ae ‘na i Ia the case of a solution we ae interested in knowing the difference between the polarizability & ofthe solution andthe polarizability oy of te solvent so that f64) ay = Ma 165) ne : «the efrative where the subscript zero denotes the solve Fo ashton baving concentration ¢, the cfr ox canbe writen as 3 Talon’ seis, Wc serene m= my + lol) + rc) ec te efve oe wea Oe comzmai€ Go se i Yolue) 260 Some pn 3 to of) os eon eaneSre(Z) ‘he at rm, ring sal canbe ec, hig ary on want sms-veg lara, Re maybe wen a Moma ute plaza of te soe a (6) Since the light scattering method ‘N/M, Combining Eqs. 65 and 68 negligible, we obtain - (dnl o TaN, r leigh equation 62, we Squaring both sides of this equation and subsiting for a? in the Rayleigh equa bain a, (eget Less . hb ey ‘which may be rewritten as, Ry = KMuc my : Aya me aye ®-(i\ren) 9 ‘2n*ad (dn ide) = x - Wahenec? 05 Na Ro is called Rayleigh ratio ; it represeats the intensity ratio corrected for the geometry of the stem, K is called the optical constant; it comains the wave leagih of the light sn! inkeoeti Sout the refractive index. is independeat of the value of 8. Eq, 1h canbe ted fo ccelne we ‘oolar mast of te polymer. Ligh-scatering measeneos ive mass-aurrage molar mise alieaty sated. Lord Rayeigh (1842-1919), the versatile Brith physicist, vas awarded te 1504 Piosey Nobel Prize for his conibutons to mathematical plies andthe escovery of argon he atmosphere. For noo-iea! polymer soluions where there are iterations between the polymer molecules instcin and Debye showed independently tat i he solute is uniformly distbutedtkroughoor he catered by te solution becanse light scatered by one particle Wil ineriee ly with light scatered by the neighbouring particle. Random Brownian motion cause Auctuations in concentration, te exten of fucuatons is inversely proportional to the come bressure developed by the concenttion difeace. It is found that Kel at = RF ae oy ete Tithe osmotic pressure. It maybe teal that fr an ideal solution, = cy Fora sonia solution, Ea mr( oe} H aaa 0s) here isthe second viil coefficient Ke 4 Kos La one The (95 From Eqs. 73 and 74, ‘A Braph of KelRy versus gives astaght line with slope = 23 and intercept Permits determination of jj, the mass-sverge molar ass of the polymer, We shall now consider the ease when the dimension ofthe macromolecules are no longer small compared withthe wave lengih of ligt he dimensions ofthe macromolecules ae compact wh {he wave leogh of light, there occurs interference between light seatered from different pate of ts fame macromolecule. Its customary to define a quantity (Q), called the particle salterag factor 2 the ratio ofthe intensity of ight seatered at an angle Oto the intensity which would be Sosrced ithe polymer parce had the same molar mass bu had small dimensions compared wit te wave nth of light. Ths factor depends wpon the shape ofthe polymer particle which is determined by te so cle rads of gyration, (fined late in his chapter). Macromolecules gency Behe se heres, rods sod coils in solution and is diterent for diferent shapes. Omiting deta, ste 4 {0 mention tht (8) is ploued as a fincion of 8. For low values of 0, tie fncion AQ) i independent ofthe shape ofthe parce adit is found that vons (a Mu. This where 5 = (42) sin (07),