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Signals Systems 5 PDF
Signals Systems 5 PDF
and Systems
(Solutions for Volume‐1 Class Room Practice Questions)
(b) (t + cost)|t=1 = 0
1. Introduction
(c) cost u(t–3)| t=0 = 1u(–3) = 0
1 t 2 1
01. Ans: (c) (d) e
2 t 2 2
Sol: The maximum value of
x(n) + 2x(–n) = {–1,–1,3,1,1} is 3
(e) t sin t t
The maximum value of 2 2
5x(n)x(n–1) = {0,5,5, –5,5,0} is 5 04.
The maximum value of Sol: x(n) = 1 – [(n–4) + (n–5) + -----]
x(n)x(–n–1) = {0,–1,1,1,–1,0} is 1 x(n)
The maximum value of
4x(2n) = {4,4,–4} is 4
-----
05.
t t Sol:
x 1 x 1 x(t)
2 2 (a)
t t 1
–4 2 –2 4
0 t
Non zero duration = 6 –1 1
–1
03.
Sol: Sifting property of impulse is (b) x(t)
t2
x ( t ) ( t t
t1
0 )dt x ( t 0 ) t 1 t 0 t 2 1
= 0 other wise t
–2 –1 1 2
(a) t0 = 4 is out of the limit so value = 0 06.
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: 3 : Postal Coaching Solutions
x (n )
2
Energy in x(n) =
(b) Constant amp – Power signal n
n E x1 ( n ) E x 2 ( n )
(0.5) n 2 (0.25) n
2
n 0 n 0
08.
x n x n
2 2 Sol: x oc n
(0.25)
2
n
2
n 0 1 0.25 0.75
1 j7 1 j7
E x 2 ( n ) x 2 (n ) 1.5 1.5 3
2 ,0,
2 2
n
Given E x1 ( n ) E x 2 ( n )
09.
2
Sol: x(t)
3
0.75
2 = 2.25 2
= 1.5
(ii) Ans: (a)
t
x1(t) = |t|; 1 t 1 2 1 0 1
20 is non linear
N3 m N3 4
25 (i) x1 n x 2 n x1 n x 2 n
N1 N 1
1, 1 , LCM = 2 is non linear
N2 N3 2
(j) x n x n is non linear
N0 = LCM N1 = 4
(k) non linear (median is a non linear
2
0 operator )
4 2
x1 n x 2 n x n x 2 n
x n cos60 n sin 140 n cos50 n (l) 1
x1 n 1 x 2 n 1 x1 n 1 x 2 n 1
so 14th harmonic
is non linear
(m) linear (no non linear operator is present)
12.
(n) e x1 n x 2 n e x1 n e x 2 n is non linear
Sol: (a) x 1 t x 2 t x 1 t 2 x 2 t 2
13.
x 1 t x 1 t 2 x 2 t x 2 t 2
Sol: (a) tx t t o 3 t t o x t t o 3
is non linear
time variant
(b) sin x 1 t x 2 t sin x 1 t sinx 2 t
(b) e x t t o e x t t o time invariant
is non linear (c) x t t 0 cos 3t x t t 0 cos 3t t 0
d dx1 t dx 2 t
(c) x 1 t x 2 t time variant
dt dt dt
(d) sin [x(t–t0)] = sin[x(t–t0)] time invariant
is linear
dx t t 0 dx t t 0 d
(d) 2x1 t x 2 t 3 2x1 t x 2 t 6 (e) x t t 0
d t t 0 dt dt 0 dt
is non linear
t
time invariant
(e) x x d
1 2 (f) x 2 t t 0 x 2 t t 0 time invariant
t t
(g) x(2t – t0) x(2t – 2t0) time variant
x1 d x 2 d is linear (h) 2 x n n 0 x n n 0 2 x n n 0 x n n 0
time invariant
(f) x1 t x 2 t 2 x12 t x 22 t (i) time variant (time reversal operation is
is non linear time variant)
(g) x1 t x 2 t cos 0 t
(j) time variant(coefficient is time variable)
x1 t cos 0 t x 2 t cos 0 t is linear
(k) all coefficients are constant
– time invariant
(h) logx1 n x 2 n logx1 n logx 2 n
14. 16.
Sol: x2(t) = x1(t) – x1(t–2) Sol: (a) present output depends on present input
y2(t) = y1(t) – y1(t–2) -static
x3(t) = x1(t+1) + x1(t) (b) present output depends on present input
y3(t) = y1(t+1) + y1(t) -static
(c) present output depends on present input
-static
15.
(d) present output depends on present input
Sol: (a) Preset output depends on present input-
-static
causal
(e) y(1) = x(3) present output depends on
(b) preset output depends on present input-
future input -dynamic
causal
(f) dynamic(differentiation operation is
(c) preset output depends on present input-
dynamic)
causal
(g) present output depends on past input
(d) preset output depends on future input-
- dynamic
non causal (y(–) = x(0))
(e) preset output depends on present input-
17.
causal
Sol: If a system expressed with differential
(f) preset output depends on present input-
equation then it is dynamic.
causal
The coefficients of differential equation are
(g) n > n0 causal, n < n0 non-causal
function of time then it is time variant.
(h) non - causal(present output depends on
(a) linear, time variant, dynamic
future input)
(b) linear, time invariant, dynamic
(i) y0 x k present output depends
0
(c) linear, time invariant, dynamic
k
Impulse response h(n) has only two finite (b) x() h(t-)
nonzero samples. This is the condition for
1 1
stability.
(S-II) is True.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true 1 t
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1 1 s(2) =1
Case (iii) t>1 yt d
0 2
05.
Sol: Assume – +a = –d = d
02. Ans: 0.5
zt x ht a d yt a
Sol: x(t) * h(t) = x()h(t )dt
y( t )
y(2) = x ()h (2 )d 06.
Sol: (a) x(t – 7 + 5) = x(t – 2)
h(2–) 1 b 1 b
x() (b) x t t x t
a a a a
1
1 (c) x t 2t 3 2t 3
2 x t 3 2 x t 3
0 1 0 2
07.
1
Sol:
2 1 1
y(2) = .1d (a) e 1u 1t 1 e 1t 1
0
2 0 2
[From product property]
03. (b) e t e 1 [From sifting property]
t 1
Sol: x()
h(t-) (c) e t 1u t 1 [From convolution property]
3
1 08.
dx t
1 2 t+1 Sol:
6 dt
1
5
t
5 3
y4 1d 1
6
–1
1 6 1 3
y x h d 4 5.5 dx t
t 3 t 5
2 1.5 2 2 dt
dx t
h t h t 3 h t 5
dt
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: 10 : Signals & Systems
09. (ii) T = 2
h(t)
1
Sol: (a) Ax Ah = Ay, (t )dt
------ ------
1 1 A
. t
–4 –2 0 2 4
1
A y(t)
1
1 1 A 1
(b) . = ,
sin c(t ) dt t
–3 –1 1 3
1
A
11.
at 2
(c) 11 = A 2
e dt 1 Sol:
(a)
x(t)
1
A= 1 1
2
1 t
(d) = 2A 1 t 2
dt -3 1 t -1 1
y(t)
2
A=
2
t
-4 -2 2
10.
Sol: (i) T = 4
h(t) (b) Ans: (c)
s
1 e
tu t u t 1
2 s
s
------ ------
s
e 1
t
3
t 12 u t 1
–8 –4 0 4 8 s 2
(c)
y(t)=x(t)*h(t) h(t)
1 1/T
0 t
t T
–5 –3 –1 1 3 5
h t
1
u t u t T 15.
T yn x 2 gn 4 x 1g n 2
Sol:
x(t) = u(t) x 0 gn x 1g n 2 x 2 gn 4
1
yt x t h t r t r t T x(n) = (n–2) = 1 n=2
T
=0 otherwise
12. Ans: (a) y(n) = g(n – 4)
Sol: To get three discontinuities in y(t) both
rectangular pause must be same width. To 16.
get equal width h(t) = x(t). It is possible Sol: y(n) = x(n)*h(n)
only = 2(0.5)nu(n) + (0.5)n-3 u(n – 3)
=1 y(1) = 1, y(4) = 5/8
18. Ans: 31 1 x y
y(t)
Sol: x(n) = {1,2,1} 1 1 x y
10 10 10 h(n) = {1,x,y} 2 2 2x 2y
----- 1 1 x y
-----
-3 -1 t y(n) = x (n ) h (n )
1 3
y(t)
y(n) = { 1, 2+x, 2x + y + 1, x + 2y, y}
10
y(1) = 3 = 2+x x = 1
t
y(2) = 4 = 2x+y+1 y = 1
y(n) = {1, 3, 4, 3, 1}
y(t) = 10 for all ‘t’
10 y (3) + y(4) = 103 + 1 = 31
14. Ans: (d)
Sol: x t h t xh t d 19. Ans: (d)
1
Sol: hn a n
b n
xh t d n n 0 n
y(n) = nu(n) – nu(n–1) + u(n–1) So, fourier series does not exists.
= n(n) + n(n–1)
= u(n–1) 03.
Sol: (P) Ans: (b)
28. Hidden symmetry a0, bn exists
Sol: hc(t) = h1(t) h2(t) (Q) Ans: (b)
t t Half wave symmetry an, bn exists with
h ()d h () d* h
c
1 2 ( ) odd harmonics
(R) Ans: (b)
t
h1 () * h 2 ()d Odd symmetry & HWS sine terms
with odd ‘n’
sc(t) = s( t ) * s 2 ( t ) (S) Ans: (c)
2
2 0
09. Ans: (a) a1 10 sin t cos tdt 0
2
1
f t dt
2 0
Sol: a 0 2
2 0
b1 10 sin t sin tdt 5
a0 = Average value = 0
d1 a12 b12 5
21. 1
T
| cn | 2
| n 2 | for wave form W2
1 n
T 0
Sol: a K x ( t )e jk0 t dt
23.
1 jk 3 t
1 2 2 2
jk t
= e dt e 3 dt Sol:
3 0 1
(a) Polar form of TFS
jk 2 t jk
2
t
1 e 3 1 e 3 2 = d o d n cos(n0 t n )
=
3 jk 2 2 1 n 1
0
jk
3 3 dn = 2 c n
1 jk 3 jk 43
2 2
jk do = 2, d1 = 4 , d2 = 4 , d3 = 4
=
e
1 e e 3
jk 2 polar form = 2 + 4cos(0t + 30)
+ 4cos(20t + 60)
1
2 4
jk jk
ak = 1 2 e e 3
3
+ 4cos(30t + 90)
jk 2
(b) x(t) cn
x(at) cn , 0 = a0
22. Ans: (c)
x(t) cn
Sol: W1 is a periodic square waveform with
x(t – t0) e jn0t 0 cn
period T and it is having odd symmetry and
also odd harmonic symmetry (or Half-wave dx ( t )
( jn0 )c n
dt
symmetry).
W2 is a periodic triangular waveform with
24.
period T and it is having odd symmetry and
1
also odd harmonic symmetry (or Half-wave Sol: (a) C 0 a 0
2
symmetry).
a n jb n j
Only odd harmonics: nf0, n = 1, 3, 5 etc Cn oddn
2 n
of sine terms are present in wave forms W1 20
and W2 in their Fourier series expansion. a n 0, b n oddn
n
Note that waveform, W2 can be obtained by Power up to second harmonic
integrating the waveform, W1. 2 2
C n 0.45 W
If cn is the exponential FS coefficient of the n 2
1 jk 4 t
4 8
nth harmonic component, c n e j n ω0 t jk t
(b) c K e dt e 4 dt
1 8 0 4
| cn | | n 1 | for wave form W1
n
j
j
C 4 e j40 t C 3e j30 t e 2 C 2 e j2 0 t e 4 C 1e j0 t
cK =
2
jk 2
1 1
k
C 0 C1e j0 t C 2 e j20 t e
j
4 C 3 e j0 t e
j
2 C 4 e j 4 0 t
cK = 0 for ‘K’ even (K=10) j30 t
0.5e j4 0 t 1e 2
Power = 0
j 2 0 t j30 t j 2 0 t
2e 4
0.5e j40 t 1e 2
2e 4
25. j2 0 t 4 j 2 0 t
2 j 1
(ii) e at u t e at u t ii) 2e a .u
a 2 2 a jt
As a 0 2a
iii) 2e a | |
2 a t
2 2
u t u t
j 1
iv) j sgn
2 t
sgn t
j
08.
04. t
Sol: x1 t rect X1 f Sincf
12
Sol: G 1 1
9 2
1
Apply inverse Fourier Transform x t x t Xf e jf Xf
2
gt t 2e 3|t|
FT[x(t) + x(–t)] = X(f) + X(–f)
= 2cos (f). Sinc (f)
05. Ans: Zero
Sol: x(t) = rect(t/2), X() = 2sa() 09.
1
y(t) = x(t)+x(t/2), Y() = X() + 2X(2) Sol: u t
j
2 sin 4 sin 2
Y 1
t 2u
f = 1 = 2, Y(2) = 0 jt
1 1
t u
2 j2t
06. Ans: (d)
Sol: Y() = 3X(2)
10.
1 Sol:
x(at) X
a a
i) x t e 3 t 1u t 1e 3
t
x 2X2 X e je 3
1
2 3 j
1 t
x X2 t
ii) 2Sa
2 2 2
y(t) = 3/2 x(t/2) t 1
2e Sa
j
2
07. 4
iii) e 2|t|
Sol: i) 1 2() 4 2
2 t 2 4e 2 j 15.
e
4 2 Sol: (i) e j3t x t X 3
(Frequency sifting property)
11. 3
j t
Sol: e 4
x t / 4 4X4 3
(a) f1(t) = f(t – 1/2) + f(–t–1/2) (Time scaling property)
j j 3
1 j4 t
F1 e 2
F e .F
2
e x t / 4 X4 3
4
3 t
(b) f 2 t f 1 (ii) Ans: (a)
2 2
X 2 4 4
F2 3e 2 j F2
x(t) = 1 + cos(4t)
12. Ans: (a)
Sol: g(t) = x(t–3) – x(–t+2) 16. Ans: (d)
G f e j6 f
Xf e j 4 f
X f Sol: X(f) = (f – f0)
x(t) e j2 f 0 t
13. j
Sol: x t t 1 e4
8f 0
i) cos 0 t
1 j0t
e e
j0t
0 0
2 x t
4
ii) sin 0 t 0 0
j
17. Ans: (b)
iii) e at sin c tu t 1 1
1
Sol:
2 j a j c a j c X(f)
iv) 2
t 0 0
Arect cos 0 t AT Sa T Sa T
T
2 2
f
–2 2
14.
1
Sol: Sinc(t) rect (f) x(t) cos 2 t Xf 1 Xf 1
1 2
Sin c(t)cos(10t) [rect (f – 5)
2 2
+ rect (f + 5)] 1
-3 -1 1 3
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: 21 : Postal Coaching Solutions
2
x t cos
22.
Sol: (i) X1 e 2 j X e 2 j X
19. Ans: (c)
dx ( t ) 1 2 j
Sol: y(t) = (ii) X 2 () e X
dt 3 3
(iii) X 3 () j e 3 j .X
2
Y() = jX()
It x(t) is even function, then y(t) is odd d
function.
(iv) X 4 () j jX
d
It x(t) is triangular function X() is Sinc2
function, it is real.
23.
y(t) is odd function, Y() is imaginary.
Sol: x(t) = rect (t/2)
2 sin
1 X
20. Ans:
2
(a). y1 t x t 1 Y1 e j X
1
Sol: x t Xe d
jt
(b). y2(t) = x(t) * x(t)
2
2 sin 2 sin
dx t 1 Y2() = X() X()
jX.e d
j t
dt 2
sin 2
dx t 1 Y2 4
jXd 2
dt t 0 2
d
(c). y 3 t tx t Y3 j x
1 0
2 1
j j d
1
j j d
0
d
(d). y 4 t x t sin t 1 X X
1 2j
2 dx t
(e). y 5 t jx
dt
21. (f). y6(t) = (t+1) x(t) + 2u(t–1)
t
Sol: te a t j
d 2a
4 ja (g). y 7 t y1 2Y1 2
2
d a a 2 2 2
2
2
X() H()
2
1
1
t
-2 -1 1 2 -f f 0 2
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t
h t rect 0.5 sin
2
2 rectt
sin 2
rect (t) 2
sin .
2
2 rectt
t sin
rect 0.5 2e j 2
2
sin rectt sin c
H 2e j
2
cos [ () + ( + )]
x(t) * h(t) H() X()
Y1 sin c
2
sin
XH 5 2e j 2
Y1 sin
2
sin sin 5
Lt 2e j 52e j5 2 2
x0 5 sin sin
2 2
sin
2e j
2 2
2 2e j5
sin 5
5 Lt
sin x
0 sin sin
5 x 2 2
x
sin 5 = 2 () + 2 ( + )
XH 2 2e j5 5
5 2
Y1
sin 5 j5 t
x t * h t 2 2e j5 e
5 Taking inverse fourier transform
Periodic 2
∴ y 1 t cos t
(c). In above problem, convolution of two
non periodic signals can be a periodic (b). y2(t) = rect(t) * cos 2t
signal Similar to above
2
Y2 sin 2 2
27. 2
Sol: (a). y1(t) = rect (t) * cos t 2 2
sin 2 sin 2
2 2
rect(t) 2 sin Y yt e jt dt
2 2
sin 2
2 2
sin . 2 0
2 2 2 2 2
∴ y2(t) = 0
t 3
(c). y3(t) = sin c(t) * sinc e j3t sin ct rect
2 2
rect (t) sin c
2 3
sin ct * e j3t sin ct rect rect
2 2
sinc t 2 rect
2
t 1
sin c 2 rect
2
sin ct rect ×
2
0 0 2 4
t
sin c 2 rect
2
0
∴ Y3 rect 2 rect
2 ∴ Y4() = 0
y4(t) = 0
1 2
× 28.
Sol:
X1()
0 /2 0 /2
1/8
2
–8 8
=
/2 0 /2 (a). sinc(8t)
H 8e j X1 e j 8 8
Y3 2 rect 0 otherwise
Y e j
Y3 2 rect
y(t) = cos(t – 1)
y 3 t sin c
2
Yf G f Hf e 2 f
2
(d).sinc(t) rect
2
30.
1 34.
Sol: (a). Y X 0 X 0 Sol: Ex(t) = 1/4
2
sin t sin t / 2 X
2 1
(b). x t 4 2
t t
1
SYY X | H |2
2
1 , c c
X rect * rect 4 2
2 2 1 c
1 1 1 1
E yt S yy d tan 1
X() = 2 8 2 2 2 c
1/2
c = 2 rad/sec
–3/2 –1/2 1/2 3/2
35.
31. 2 t 4
Sol: e
X 4
2
t
Sol: x t dt X0 2
j 8 4
2 4 2 d 2 2 4 d
rect / 4
j 1
2
2 e 2 t dt
2
32.
sin at 2
Sol: rect
t 2a
2.302
X() 36. Ans: B
a
2a
Sol: g t
a t2
2
-a a 2a
a t
We know e
a 2
2
2a d
t g
a
By duality property e t0
a t
2 2
d
B
2
2 Both are constant
e d 0.99 e
a a
Given d
B
0 B
0 40.
e 2 a
d e 2 a
d 0.99 e 2 a d e 2 a d Sol:
B 0 0
(i) Ans: (c)
e 2 a
0
e 2 a
B
e 2 a 0 e 2 a
0 . 99 1
2a B 2a 0 2a 2a 0 Hf
1 j2fRC
1
2a
1 e 2 aB
1 2 aB
2a
e
1
0.99
2a
1 1 H f
1
2aB
1 4 2 f 2 R 2 C 2
2 2e = 2 0.99
2aB
|H(f1)| 0.95
1 e = 0.99
f1 = 52.2 Hz
0.01 = e2aB
ln (100) = 2aB (ii) Ans: (a)
n 100 4.605 2.302 (f) = –tan–1(2fRC)
B =
2a 2a a df 1 2RC
t g f
df 2 1 2fRC 2
37. Ans: (a)
tg(100) = 0.71 msec
2
Sol: E X1 f
2
df 10 8
3 41. Ans: (c)
38. Ans: (c)
Sol: yt 1 cos100t 108 cos106 t 1.56 106
Sol: H
100
30 30
60 tg = 10–8, tp = 1.5610–6
0 = 10 |H(10)| = 2 , H10
6 42.
13
0 =26 |H(26)|=1, H26 Sol: The condition for distortion less
30 transmission system is magnitude response
13
yt 4 cos10t sin 26t is constant and phase response is linear
6 30 function of frequency. These two conditions
are satisfied in the frequency range
39. 20 to 30 kHz. So, from 20 to 30kHz no
distortion.
Sol: () = –t0
t p t0
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: 27 : Postal Coaching Solutions
Power in y(t) =
42 8
46.
2 Sol: rxx x t * x t e 3t u t * e 3t .u t
F.T 1 1 3
44. rxx SXX rxx e
9 2 6
Sol: The condition for distortion less
transmission system is magnitude response 47.
is constant and phase response is linear Sol:
function of frequency. 1 1
(a) H , X
2 2
x1(t) 12
= 20 and = 60 1
E x t
So no phase distortion and no amplitude 4
distortion. 1
E y t E x t
x2(t) 3
= 20, = 140
48.
Amplitude distortion, do not occurs. Sol: i) Ans: (b)
Phase distortion occurs.
1 8 t
x t e 8 t u t * e 8 t u t e
[∵ = 140] 16
x3(t) 1 1
x
= 20, = 220, 16 16 e
Phase distortion and amplitude distortion ii) Ans: (c)
occurs 1
S GG G
2
[∵ = 220] 64 2
SGG 0
1 3
rect e j2
64 10 8
iii) Ans: (b) output energy
y e u t * e u t
8 t 8t
1
Y d
2
1 8 2
y e
16 4
1 9
y0
1
2 4 100
16
1 9
. 8
49. 2 100
Sol: rxy x t * y t e t u t * e3 t u t 36
Output energy = J
1 1 1/ 2 1/ 2 100
rxy
1 j 3 j 1 j 3 j
1 1
rxy e u e 3 u 51.
2 2
Sol: (a). m = 200 X1()
50.
s = 400 rad/sec
Sol: Given x(t) = sinc 10t
–200 200
Sinc t rect
2
(b). m = 400 X2()
1
sin c10t rect s = 800 rad/sec
10 20
1
X rect –400 400
10 20
H 3rect e j2
8 5
(c). x 3 t cos500t cos3000t
Y() = X() H () 2
1 j2 m = 5000
rect 3 rect e
10 20 8 s = 10,000 rad/sec
1/10 3
1
(d). X 4 .rect
6 j 2a
10 10 4 4 m = a
2 2 3 3
X1 X1
5
5 5
5
0 30
2
X1 2, X1 2, 2 2
5 5
30
3 4 S 2 30
X1 X1 0 2
5 5
X() 53.
1
Sol: (a) x1 2t X1
2 2
–2/5 –/5 0 /5 2/5
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: 30 : Signals & Systems
sin t
h t cos40t cos sin 40t sin
t 2 2
–2000 0 2000
sin t
h t . sin 40t
t
sin 1500t 1 sin t j40 t sin t j40 t
h(t) .e .e
t 2 j t t
H() H()
1/2j
–41 –39
–1500 0 1500
39 41
–1/2j
Y() = X().H()
x t cos10t cos sin 10t sin
4 4
1
X 10 10
–1500 0 1500 2
1
The maximum frequency in y(t) = 1500
j 10 10
2
m = 1500 Sampled signal spectrum
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: 32 : Signals & Systems
15 4 4
2 j 40 2 j 40 1
2 j t j2 t
= 2mt e 4
e 2
40 40 j
j
2 2 = j 2mt e 4 2mt e 4
15
Y 2 40 40
sin( t / 5) j 4
2 = 2 e
t / 5
40 40
2j
62. Ans: (b)
15 1 1
yt 2 cos 40 t sin 40t Sol: Given s( t ) e at cos[(c ) t ]u ( t )
2 2
Complex Envelope s ( t ) s ( t )e jc t
15
yt cos 40t cos sin 40t sin ~s ( t ) [e at e j( c ) t u ( t )]e jc t
2 4 4
15 Complex Envelope = eat e jt u(t)
yt cos 40t
2 4
63. Ans: 8
61. Ans: (c)
Sol: Y() = X() H()
Sol: x(t) = m(t) c(t)
01.
1
2 0
4 d 4 d 1
2 0 2 Sol: e at u ( t ) , a
sa
4
= 2 2 eat u ( t )
1
, a
2 sa
16 1
= e at u ( t ) , a
2 sa
=8 1 1
(1) X 1 s , 1
s 1 s 3
64. Ans: 10kHz 1 1
(2) X 2 s , 2 4
Sol: m(t) band limited to 5kHz s2 s4
m(t) cos(40000t) modulated signal we (3) no common ROC so no laplace
require least sampling rate to recover transform for x3(t).
m(t) 25kHz = 10 kHz (4) no common ROC, no laplace transform
(5) no common ROC, no laplace transform
65. Ans: (c) 1 1
(6) X 6 s , 1 1
Sol: Aliasing occurs when the sampling s 1 s 1
frequency is less than twice the maximum
frequency in the signal, and it is 02.
irreversiable process. Sol: ROC = ( > –5) ( > Re (–)) = > –3
So, Statement I is true but Statement II is Imaginary port of ‘’ any value, real part of
false. ‘’ is 3.
03. 09.
Sol: The possible ROC’s are
Sol: G(s) = X(s) + X(–s), where X(s)
> 2, < –3, –3< < –1, –1 < < 2 s 1
s s s
G (s) 2
04. s 1
2
s 1
e 3s e 3s – = –1, – – =0
Sol: Ys
s 1 s 2 = –1, = ½
yt e t 3 .u t 3 e 2 t 3 .u t 3
10.
dyt dyt
05. Sol: 2 yt t 2 x t
dt dt
Sol:
s 5
sY(s) = –2Y(s)+1 ----- (1)
(a). x t e 5 t 1.u t 1.e 5 X(s) e .e , 5 sY(s) = 2X(s) ------ (2)
s5
–5t solving (1) and (2)
(b). g(t) = Ae .u(– t – t0)
2 s
A.e s 5 t 0 Ys , Xs 2
G s , 5 s 4
2
s 4
s5
A = –1, t0 = –1
11.
4 4 4 4
Sol: (a) Xs
06. s 2 s 1 s 1
3 2
s 1
Sol: x t 5r t 5r t 2 15u t 2 5u t 4 t 2 t
x t 4e 2 t .u t 4 e .u t
5 5e 2s 15e 2s 5e 4s 2
Xs 2
s2 s s s 4 te t .u t 4e t .u t
e 2s
(b) Xs
07. Ans: (a) s 13
x t
t 22 .e t 2 .u t 2
08. Ans: (c) 2
2
1 t t 1
Sol: Xs e u t
s 1s 3 2 s 13
1
G s Xs 2
s 1s 1 12.
G() converges means ROC include Sol: y(t) + y(t) * x(t) = x(t) + (t)
j axis Y(s) +Y(s)X(s) = X(s)+1
–1< < 1 Y(s) = 1
2 s 2 s 4 12
G (s)
1 1
Hs
2 2 s2 s4
s s s s
Number of poles = 1. h t 4e 2 t u t 12e 4 t .u t
Y e j
1
1 j
01. 1 e
4
Sol:
1 1 1 h(n) 1
Y e j0
1
4
1 1 3
sin N1 1
--- 2
n 4
–N1 N1
sin
2 (b) X e j xn e jn
n
7
sin =
(a) H 2
sin
2
X e j xn 1n cos 3 3 1
n
Here N1 = 3
(c) H e j 1 2e j 3e 2 j 4e 3 j
1 1 1 h(n) 1 DC gain H(ej) = 1+2+3+4 = 10
---
03.
n
–3 3 Sol:
3
h(n) 0 n < 0 – non – causal (i) X(e j )e j e - j [1 cos 2]
2
(b) Here N1 = 1 3 e 2 j e 2 j
X(e j )e - j e j 1
After applying time shifting property 2 2
3 3 2 j 3 2 j
1 1 1 X(e j )e - j e j e e
2 4 4
X ( e j ) x ( n )e
n
j n
0 1 2 n
3 5 n
x (0) 1 , x(1) = 1, x(–1) = 1, sin
4 n
2 2 y(n ) 2 cos
3 3 n 2
x(2) = , x(–2) =
4 4
3 5 3 05.
x (n ) ,1, ,1,
4 2 4 Sol:
H(ej)
(a)
(ii) x(n) = 2(n + 3)– 3(n – 3)
X(ej) = 2e3j – 3 e–3j = 2[e3j – e–3j] – e–3j
j –3j –c c
X(e ) = 4jsin(3) – e
Given X(ej) = asin(b) + cejd
a = 4j , b = 3, c = –1, d = –3 gn 1n .h n
G e j He j
04.
G(ej)
sin n j n
Sol: 4 .e 2
3
n
4 4
-c +c
Ideal HPF
sin n j n
(b) Y e j X e j Xe j
4 .e 2
n
3
4 1
4
2 2 1
Y(ej)
3
j
Y(e )
1 2 2
3 3
4 4 4 4 0 3
2 2 2
n Y(ej0) = 1, Y(ej) = 1
sin
4 j2 n j n
Y(n ) e e
2
n
06. 10.
n Sol: H(ej)
1 1
Sol: u n
2 1
1 e j
2
From time scaling property
n 6 6
1 10 n 1
u
2 10 1
1 e j10
2 Input signal frequencies are ,
8 4
Then the output is yn sin n
07. Ans: (b) 8
Sol: x(2n) = {1, 3, 1}
11.
x(2n) = (n +1) + 3(n) + (n–1) Sol: For an LTI system input is x n e j 0 n
(n n 0 ) e jn 0 then output is y(n ) e j 0 n .H e j 0
FT [x(2n)] = 3 + 2cos
H ( e j ) h ( n )e
n
j n
08.
H e j 8 2 cos 2 4 2 cos
Sol: x Xe jk
n
k
0
4
n
(i) x X e j2
2
He 4
j 0
yn 4e
jn
4
(ii) x 2n X e
j
2
12.
Sol: (a) y1 n x12 n it is not an LTI system.
09.
(b) Input frequency and output frequency
n 1
Sol: u(n) are same. So, it is LTI system.
1 e j
H(ej) = 2
3 j
e
n–3 u(n – 3) (c) y3(n) = x3(2n) it is not an LTI system.
1 e j
e 3 j / 8 13.
n 3 .u n 3
jn
e 8
j / 8
1 e Sol: H(ej) = 2 cos +
d e 3 j / 8
n 3 .u n 3 j
jn
ne 8 H e j 0 H e j 1
d 1 e j / 8
2 2
3 8
= 2 1 17.
1 Sol: y(n) = x(n) + 2x (n1) + x(x2)
1 2 Y(ej) = X(ej) [ 1+2ej + e2j]
j0 3 H(ej) = [ 1+ej ]2
DC gain = H(e ) = 3
1 2 = [ 1+ cos j sin]2
(a) |H(ej)| = (1+ cos )2 + sin2 ()
sin
14. H(ej) = 2tan1
1 cos
Sol: H e j
b e j
1 ae j 10 = 0 | H (ej)| = 1
j 2 j j H (ej) = 0
|H(e )| = 1 H(e ).H*(e ) =1
n
b e j b e j 4 cos H e j 2
1 2 4 2
j j
1 ae 1 ae H(ej) = 90
Only when a = –b (b) Output of given input
n
10 4 cos is
15. Ans: (a) 2 4
Sol: H e j 1 e j e 2 j n
10 42 cos
x(n) = 1+4cosn 4 4 2
x1(n) = 1 = 0 n
10 8 cos
4 4
|H (ej0)| = 1+ + H(ej0) =0
y1(n) = 1 + +
x2(n) = 4cosn = 18. Ans: (b)
Sol: anti symmetric, k = –2
|H(ej)| = 1 – + H(ej) = 0
() = –2
y2(n) = 4 (1-+)cosn
Slope = –2
y(n) = (1 + + ) + 4(1 – + ) cos n
y(n) = 4 only when = 2, = 1
19. Ans: (b)
5
16. Ans: (a) Sol: x n cos n cos n 0
2 2 2
2 4
Sol: Y e j0 xn . hn 15LB
n 0 n 0
|H(ej)| = 1 H e j 0
8
n
yn cos
2 8
c
20. Ans: (a) 1 c
Sol: X(ej) = 2 + 2cos +e–5j + 2e–4j
E
2 1d
c
j
1 j
X e4
1
2 23. Ans:
40
1/ 2
X e j / 4 tan 1
Sol: By plancheral’s relation
1/ 2 4
Xe j Y e j d
1
x n yn
n 2
21. n
n
sin sin
4 1 4
2
Sol: H hn e jn
h n e jn x n
n n 0 2n 2 n
1 1 j 1 2 j
e e
3 3 3 1/2
1
1
e j e j e j e j n
sin
3 3 1 4
1 1 2 n
e j 2 cos e j
3 3 /4 /4
2 1
H e j cos e j
3 3
1 n
H e j 1 2 cos sin
1 3
3 yn
1 5 n
H 0 e j 1 2 cos 0 only
3
1/5
when
1+2 cos = 0
1 2
cos cos
2 3 y(n) /3 /3
2
2.093 rad
3
n n
sin sin 4
4 3 1 1 1 d
22. X(ej)
n 2n 5n 2 2 5
Sol: 1 4
1
40
–c c
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: 43 : Postal Coaching Solutions
24. 1 2 2
2 2 4 4
Sol: (a). X e j0 xn 6 2 2 4 4
n
1 1 2 2
1 xn 2
j n
(b). X e
n
g(n) = { 2, 6, 9 , 6, 2}
(c). Xe j d = 2x(0) = 4
g(n) is non causal and maximum
value is 9.
(d). Xe j e 2 j d = 2x(2) = 0
26.
2
Xe d 2 Xn
2
(e). j
2 5k 2 10k
n Sol:
40k 40k
28
2
FS = 2fm
d
X e j d 2 nx 1
2
(f). d n
= 220k
= 40k
158 2 316
(g). X e j N 1
2
5 4
2
j
1 4 1 j 1 j 14.
P1 = e n n
2 2 2 2 5 10
Sol: x n u n u n
1
j3
1 j 4 7
P2 = e 4
2 2 2 5
n
z
u n , | z | 5 / 4
1
j5
1 j 4 5
P3 = e 4
z
2 2 4
2
n
j7 7 z 7
P4 =
1
e 4
1 j
u (n ) z
10 7 10
2 2 2 z
10
kz 4 n
H(z) = 7 z 1 7
(z P1 )z P2 z P3 z P4 u ( n ) z 1
10 7 10
z 1
kz 4 10
1 1
z4 n
4 10 z 10
u (n ) z
Given H(1) = 5/4 7 1 7 7
5 k z 10
4 5/4 1
z z
25 X(z) = ROC
k= 5 1 7
16 z
4 z 10
25 4
z 5 10
H(z) = 16 z z
1 4 7
z4
4 5 10
ROC = z
Given g(n) = (j)n h(n) 4 7
G(z) = H(z/j)
4 15.
25 z
25 4
Sol: Xz z 4 z 2 2z 2 3z 4
16 j
16
z
G(z) = H(z) = 2z–3
z 1 z4 1
4
z 1
x 2 n 1 , | z | 3
1
1 z and it is FIR Filter because h(n) is finite
3
duration.
z2 1
Yz , | z | 3
1 1 1 2
1 z 1 z 20.
2 3
Sol: (1) x(n) = z0n , y(n) = z0n H(z0)
y(n) = (–2)n . H(–2) = 0
17.
H(–2) = 0
1
Sol: Hz
1 1 1 1 1
1 z 1 z 1 a.
2 3 1
1 z 1
Yz
1 (2) Hz 4
X(z) 1 z 1 Xz 1
3 1
1 z 1
1
Yz Hz .Xz 2
1 (a) H(–2) = 0
1 z 1
2 9
n a
1 8
yn .u n
2
(b) y(n) = (1)n . H(1)
18. Ans: (a) H(1) = –1/4
1 n
Sol: G (e j ) e j e 3 j yn 1
4
G (e j ) e 2 j (e j e j )
Let us consider = 21. Ans: (a)
j 2 j
G (e ) e (2 cos()) Sol: y(n) = h(n) * g(n)
When = it gives linear phase. Y(ej) = H(ej) G(ej)
Y e j
G e j
19. Ans: (a) 1 j
1 2 e
Sol: H e j e 2 j e 3 j
1 j
|H(ej)| G(ej) = Y(ej) e Y(ej)
2
HPF 1
g(n) = y(n) yn 1
2
Put n = 1
0
1 1 1 25.
g(1) = y(1) y (0)
2 2 2 (n ) (n 1) (n 2)
Sol: (a) h (n )
g(1) = 0 10
1 z 1 z 2 z 2 z 1
H(z) =
22. Ans: (c) 10 10z 2
Sol: H(ej) = 1–e–6j = 0 only when 2 finite poles, 2 finite zeros
6 = 2n (n = 1) (b) Given x(n) = u(n)
1
X(z)
3 1 z 1
2 f
Y(z) = H(z) X(z)
1 z z
1 2
9k 3 101 z 1
f = 1.5k
y() Lt 1 z 1 Y(z)
z 1
1 z 1 z 2 1
23.
Lt 1 z 1 10 1 z 1
0.5
z 1
Sol: X(z) ,z 2
1 2z 1 111 3
y() =
x(n) = –0.5 (2)n . u(–n–1) 10 10
x(0) = 0
26. Ans: (a)
24. Sol: The output of the sampling process is
1 n even x(nTs) = 2 + 5sin(100××n×Ts)
Sol: x n 1
0 n odd TS
400
X(z) = 1 + z2 + z4+…. 1
x n 2 5 sin 100 n
1 400
1 z 2 n
x n 2 5 sin , 0
1 4 4
1 z 1 z 1
1
2 2
N0 m m
x Lt 1 z Xz 1
0
z1
4
Lt 1 z 1
z1
1 z 11 z
1 1
N0 = 8 m
N0 = 8 is the No. of samples per cycle
1
Yz 1 1 z N
2
Xz N 1 z 1
N=8
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: 49 : Postal Coaching Solutions
1 1 z 8 29.
Yz .Xz
8 1 z 1 Sol: (a) An LTI system is stable if and only if
ROC includes j axis.
Final value theorem
0.5 < Re {s} < 2
y Lt 1 z 1 Yz
z 1
(b). For an LTI system to be stable, all the
1 1 z 8
Z1
y Lt 1 z 1 8 1 z 1
Xz poles must lie left side of the j axis
S = 2 is the pole in the right half of s-
8
1 z plane.
y Lt Xz
Z1 8 So it is not possible.
y() = 0 (c). Re {s} 3
Re { s} > 2
1 1 n
h n n 2 u n 1
2 2 36. Ans: (c)
Sol: A causal LTI system is stable if and only if
33. Ans: (c) all of poles of H(z) lie inside the unit circle.
Sol: Poles z = 2j So, Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is
|poles| = 2 false.
ROC = |z| < 2 because system is
stable (ROC includes unit circle). 37. Ans: (b)
In this case system is non-causal z3 2 z2 z N(z)
Sol: H(z)
1 1 D( z )
z2 z
4 8
34. Ans: (c)
As N(z) is of higher order than D(z), the
z
Sol: H(z) is a stable system because system is not causal, as (n + 1) is one of
1
z the terms in the output for the input (n).
2
1 If the N(z) is of lower order than the
pole z is inside the unit circle.
2 denominator, the system
The poles of H(z) should be inside the unit (i) may be causal or
circle for a stable system. (ii) may not be causal as it depends upon the
A is True but R is false. ROC of the given H(z).
So, Both Statement I and Statement II are
individually true but Statement II is not the
35. Ans: (c)
correct explanation of Statement I
z 2 1
Sol: H(z)
(z 0.5) (z 0.5)
38. Ans: (a)
(1) The system is stable because poles Sol: Both Statement I and Statement II are
z = 0.5 are inside the unit circle. individually true and Statement II is the
correct explanation of Statement I
(2) h (0) Lt H(z) 1
z
1
Z Z1
From the given plot
a0
P1 0 Hz ------- (2)
1 a 1z a 2 z 2
1
Z1 Z1
By comparing (1) & (2)
0 0 a0 = 1, a1 = 0.7, a2 = –0.13
Z1 Z1
42.
d 3 1
Sol: Hz
P3
1 az 1
No. of delays = 6 h(n) = (a)nu(n)
Direct Form – II
h (n) stable
n
X[n]
P0 = unstable
Z1
1
(a )
n 0
n
1 a
, a 1
0 P1
= , |a| 1
Z1
So, the b, c & d are unstable.
0 0
Z1
43.
Sol: From signal flow graph
d 3
k 1
P3 z1
Hz 4
k
No. of delay’s = 3 1 z 1
3
k
Pole = 1
40. 3
Sol: y(n) = x(n –1) Y(z) = z–1 X(z) |k| < 3
–1
H(z) = z = H1(z) H2(z)
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: 52 : Signals & Systems
1 5 1 2.236
k = 1 z1,2 =
2 2
(outside the unit circle)