Archiv Für Orientforschung (Afo) /institut Für Orientalistik Archiv Für Orientforschung

Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik
Additions to Anzu
Author(s): H. W. F. Saggs
Source: Archiv für Orientforschung, 33. Bd. (1986), pp. 1-29
Published by: Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41662158
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Additions to Anzu
By H. W. F. Saggs (Cardiff)
In 1968 excavations were undertaken by the University of Mosul at Sherikhan (ancient Tarbisu),
under the direction of Dr (now Professor) Amer Suleiman. Amongst the finds were some fragments
of a large tablet, which Professor Suleiman at once recognized as bearing the text of some literary
work. The tablet was designated GM 1 (where GM represents gãmicat Mawsil).
The tablet fragments were found on the floor text of the reverse, unlike that of the obverse, is
of a chamber within the complex identified by in excellent condition and where extant leaves
the excavators as the Nergal temple. There was very few uncertainties as to reading.
clear evidence of previous digging (presumably In Spring 1969 I received the honour of an
by Layard1) around the entrance and as far into invitation from His Excellency Dr Mahmud
the chamber as the area in which the fragments Jelili, then President of the University of Mosul,
were discovered. The fragments found did not to join the University as Visiting Professor. I was
constitute the whole of the original tablet, and
subsequently invited to study and copy the tab-
all the physical evidence was against the possi-
let fragments, and to undertake their publica-
bility of the missing pieces having disintegrated tion in the Bulletin of the University of Mosul.
beyond recognition in situ. These circumstances An edition of the better preserved of the two
taken together make very reasonable a sugges- myths contained in the tablet was prepared and
tion, proposed by Professor Suleiman, that the submitted to the University of Mosul in the early
earlier excavator had discovered and removed 1970s, but by that time His Excellency
the parts of the tablet which are now missing, Dr Mahmud Jelili had ceased to be President of
and that these may perhaps yet be found in the University, and my paper was not pub-
Mosul
British Museum or in some other assyriological lished, for reasons outside my control.
collection2. In 1979 I received gracious confirmation from
The chamber had been the scene of a destruc- Dr Muayad Sacid Damerji, President of the
tive fire, and the evidence of exposure to a highState Organization of Antiquities and Heritage,
temperature is apparent upon the obverse of the of the permission for publication earlier given
tablet fragments; the texture has been affected by Dr Mahmud Jelili. Subsequent illness and
and the face is yellowish-green in colour, with other factors regrettably further delayed my
actual vitrification in one area and brittleness publication of the text until the present.
and distortion more extensively. The reverse had Contents of GM 1
apparently been underneath at the time of the
The well-preserved text of the reverse bears
fire, so that it was subject to reducing conditions
substantial parts of each of the three tablets of
and to a less severe temperature; this has left the
the myth of Anzu. The subscription to Tablet 1 is
surface black and baked (or presumably re-
extant, and gives the first explicit statement of
baked, since the tablet is likely to have been
fired when originally made) to an optimum the ancient name of the myth, bin sar dadmè,
hardness without brittleness or distortion. The although this might have been inferred, on the
general principle of the nomenclature of Akka-
dian literary works, from the initial words of the
*) For Layard's excavations at Sherikhan (Shereef-
Khan), see A. H. Layard, Discoveries in the ruins composition,
of in the fragment published by
Nineveh and Babylon (1853), 598 f. As to the spelling E.
of Reiner in RA 51 (1957), 107, K 7257, line 2.
this place-name, Sherikhan undoubtedly represents
The text of the obverse is very fragmentary
the pronunciation of this name by the local inhabitants
and ill-preserved, but sufficient is legible to
in and around Mosul. The pronunciation Sherif Khan
show that it belongs to the myth of Erra.
(Shereef-Khan in Layard) is considered by some Arab
The extant portion of the tablet is in four
scholars a learned but false etymology.
pieces, three of which physically join, whilst the
2) For refutation of the story by Sir E. A. W. Budge
fourth misses a physical join only minimally, its
that until 1849 Layard thought that cuneiform tablets
first
were just bits of decorated pottery, and so threw many extant line containing the latter half of a
line of text of which the beginning is present at
of them out, see H. W. F. Saggs (ed.), abridged edition
of A. H. Layard, Nineveh and its Remains (Routledgethe& end of another fragment. The reverse bears
Kegan Paul, 1970), 45 f., note 1. parts of six columns, the sixth of which gives
Archiv für Orientforschung XXXIII i
2 H. W. F. Saggs
and a further subscript

(partially) the colophon. The line more
in minuscule sever
aged obverse retains parts
script giving of
the line count, only four
i contains
two of
represented them
51 lines (reckoned as lines 1-49by only a f
by the mar-
signs ginal numeration
The or traces.
script of the ancient scribe) of
throughout,
the colophon, isTablet
exceptionally
III. small a
written, with approximately ten
Column V: x, X and 'i. 57 lines plus (after a lines o
the inch. The script
lacuna of 5 linesis New
between Assyrian,
X and 'x) 7 lines, of
tures (such as the use
Tablet III. of four or even f
Column
oblique strokes in HI,VI: v. Ends
and of 3 lines of widely-spaced
other signs co
this group) suggesting
colophon. the epigraphy
eighth rather than the
The occurrence seventh
on one tablet of the two myths century
The contents of the
of Erra extant
and Anzu raises parts of th
the question of whether
are as follows: this was a mere matter of convenience, or
Obverse (presumed to contain only the Erra whether there was some more fundamental rela-
myth) tionship in the sphere of literature, myth, cultus
Column I: lost. or theology. The very small and meticulously
Column II: only formally recognizable by written
the script, and the occurrence at one point of
final wedges of unidentifiable signs at athe
gloss in minuscule writing, indicate that the
end of three lines. tablet was the work of an expert, and not a mere
Column III: 25 lines corresponding to Cagni, exercise in which the text of two myths may
L'Epopea di Erra, 74, lines 152-161 and 76, have been brought together at random. The
lines 162-171. presence of the colophon points to the same
Column IV: 21 lines (only 5 of them substantiallyconclusion.
complete) not recognized as corresponding Onetoobvious connection between the two
any part of the hitherto published text of the is provided by their names. The Erra myth
works
Erra myth, and presumed to be from thewas lat-known in Akkadian as šar gimir dadmë 3,
ter part of Tablet II. and it is now beyond doubt that the official title
Column V: traces of seven lines. of the Anzu myth was bin šar dadmè' so' that
Column VI: lost. both were linked to the divine «King of Dwell-
Significant new readings in the text of Erra ing-places».
are noted in an appendix below, p.29. The presence of a copy of the myth of Erra in
the temple of Nergal at Tarbisu is easily expli-
Reverse
cable, in view of the close relationship, amount-
The text throughout, except in part of columning in some circumstances to virtual identifica-
I and in the colophon, belongs to the Anzu myth. tion, between Erra and Nergal. A similar consid-
To preclude confusion between sigla used for eration may have been a factor in the linking of
sources and those denoting sections of the text ofthe two myths of Erra and Anzu on one tablet,
GM 1 (hereafter given the designation R), Greeksince although Ninurta, the divine victor in the
letters are used for the latter. Anzu myth, was in myth regarded as the brother
Column I: text section a, preserving initial of Nergal, theologically in some contexts the two
signs of 3 lines of Erra myth, V, 29-31 and a were linked almost hypostatically5.
ten-marker. The most important part of the text of R is the
Column II: 37 lines of Anzu myth, Tablet I, in substantial new section of Tablet III of the Anzu
two sections, ß corresponds to CT XV, plate myth. The new material re-opens the question of
39, col. II, 7-33, and y to op. cit., plate 40, the place of STT I 23 and its duplicate 25 in the
col. III, 14-23'. Anzu myth. On this question see below, p.28f.
Column III: 60 lines, ò comprises the final 3
lines of Tablet I, a subscript line to Tablet I The present Text-edition
( tup-pi I KÁM.MA bi-in šar da-ád-mè) with a The copy was made in Mosul in 1969. Since
further subscript line in minuscule script then I have had no opportunity to collate read-
stating number of lines, and lines 1-22 of
Tablet II. 8 and Ç represents lines 37-42 and 3) See Cagni, L'Epopea di Erra, 130, 1, line 1; 2, line
50-75 of Tablet II.
1; 3, line 1; 131, 4, line 1; 132, 8, line 1.
Column IV: 76 lines. r' and 0 comprise the4)fi- See below, p. 10, line following I 213.
nal 23 lines of Tablet II, plus a subscript5)line
KAR, I, Nr. 142, Vorderseite, col. I, 22 f.
Additions to Anzu 3
ings, except for Sources

one and
occasion Sig
u
tory lightingI conditions
have and
attempted w
this lack of adequate collation ha
casioned by each e
factor in my long delay in publi
making my system
as at the time of making the cop
that presented by B
access to any served»,
publication,
for edition
Tablet
lation of any of
of the
the previously
conclusions o
Anzu, the considerable
Tablets II measure
and III ito
points where my copy may be
present edition.
other sources for the Anzu my
trustin its substantial reliability
thereare a few
6) signs
B. in the
Hruška, copy
Der M
suspect, and und
collation mightdes
Vorstellung di
adequacies. 1975), 108-112.
Excavation or Col-
Siglum lection number of Place of publication Place of edition Lines preserved
tablet
A K 3454 + K 3935 + CT 15, pl. 39-40 (for KB VI/1, pp. 46-57 1 1-21, 61-112,
DT 292 K 3454 + K 3935) (for K 3454 + 126-149, 157-166
and CT 46, K 3935) and RA 48,
pl. XXXVIII, no. 39 145 f. (for DT 292)
(for DT 292)
B K 7257 CT 46, pl. XXXVII, RA 51, 107 f. I 1-15
no. 36
C BM 121087 CT 46, pl. XXXVII, 1 89-97, 99-106

no. 37
D Sm 1807 + Sm 2195 CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, RA 48, 146 I 98-103, 130-144

no. 40
E Assur 21506W LKA, pl. 1-4 RA 46, 28-41 II 1-47, 54-58,

60-74, 76-97,
99-140, 143-152
F 51/102 A + 52/63 + STTI, 11 1-31,32-65,
70 + 76 pl. XXV-XXVII, 83-89, 101-131,
no. 21 148-152
G K 3008 CT 46, pl. XXXVII, RA 48, 146-148 11 27-43,132-134,

no. 38 136-144
H 52/218 STTI, pl. XXV, 11 26-29,31,33-38,

no. 22 40-41
I 52/232 STT I, pl. XXIV, 41-72, 74-92

no. 19
J BM 121060 CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, II 66-76, 78, 80, 81

no. 41
K K 7923 + K 11565 + CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, III 6-23, 49 + x + 1

Sm 454 + K 14211 no. 42 (for K 7923 + to 49 + x + 26
K 11565 + Sm 454) (where x represents
and EG, pl. 12 and number of lines lost
AfO 28, 82 (for between end of sec-
K 14211) tion i of R and be-
ginning of col. II of
K, probably not ex-
ceeding 5 lines)
i*
4 H. W. F. Saggs
Excavation or Col-
Siglum lection number of Place of publication Place of edition Lines preserved
tablet
L 51/19 A + 37 STT I, Either does not be-

pl. XXVII-XXVIII, long to Anzu or be-
no. 23 longs to a widely dif-
fering recension
M 52/187 STT I, pl. XXIX, Either does not be-
no. 2 5 long to Anzu or be-
longs to a widely dif-
fering recension
N Suse 2 RA 35, pp. 20 f. RA 46, pp. 88-93 In Old Babylonian
recension, I 81, 84,
83, 85-92, 95-98,
102, 104-115,
132-133, 153-155,
158, 160, 163-164,
181-182, 192-195,
199, 202; II 1-12,
15-19,28-30,32,31,
33-37
O Suse 3 RA 35, pp. 22 f. RA 46, pp. 94-97 In Old Babylonian

recension, II 36-40,
42-47, 49, 54, 56-58,
76-79, 109-110,
117-122; III 9?
P YBC 9842 JCS 31, pp. 106-115 JCS 31, pp. 78-90 1 1-29,31-56,59-76,
149-187, 192-203
R GM 1 herewith herewith 1 67-93, 139-148,
201-203; II 1-22,
37-42, 50-75,
133-155; III 1-49,75
+ x + y + lto75 + x
+ y + 57 (where xis
as defined under K
above, and y is more
than 50); 7 further
lines after lacuna of
5 lines
S Sm 1807 + Sm 2195 AfO 27, p. 81 I 107-114

Line numeration in Tablet Iextant line of col. I is 21 or 22 (depending upon
how one regards the damaged area at the begin-
R is provided with markers for eachning). The line-count
tenth line, of A, col. II, 10 within
Tabletthe
and this makes it possible to calculate I is thus 22 + 36 + 5 + 10 at the most,
exact
andfragments
numeration of almost all other extant possibly 3 or 4 less. Since the evidence of R
of Tablet I. shows that this line has a line number within
The first ten-marker in R is at line 41 of section Tablet I which is a multiple of 10, it must be I 70.
ß, which duplicates line 10 of col. II of text A.The original number of lines in A, col. I (and so
Col. II of A has 36 extant lines after the line level approximately also in col. II) must therefore
have
with the last extant line on col. I, but, judging bybeen 60.
the shape of the tablet, has lost not more than In col. Ill of text A, line 151 duplicates R,
5 lines after this and probably less. The last section y, line 21, which has a ten-marker. The
Additions to Anzu 5
numeration of the final 12 lines of P is taken as

configuration of text A shows that there cannot
have been as many as 10 lines lost before the
202-213.
first line on col. Ill of which traces are extant.
Therefore A, col. Ill, 15' has a line number with-
Sections of Anzu I extant in R
in Tablet I of Anzu which is the multiple of 10
nearest below 60 + 60 + 10 + 15, i. e. 140. Since a useful edition of Anzu I is already
The last line of A, col. Ill before the major available in W. W. Hallo and W. L. Moran, «The
lacuna (of about 10 lines, according to the state- First Tablet of the SB recension of the Anzu-
ment on CT 15, pl. 40) is thus I 149. This lacuna Myth», JCS 31 (1979), 65-115 (hereafter H & M),
is now reduced to 2 lines by the join DT 292, andand also for considerations of space, no edition
is covered by text P, which establishes that the of Tablet I is attempted here beyond the sections
line numeration of the section after the break, represented in extant parts of R. Notes of var-
including DT 292, is 157-166. iant readings presuppose the critical apparatus
P then takes the numbering up to 189. There is supplied by H & M.
then a lacuna, and finally 12 lines from P, of For convenience of reference, the following
which the final 3 lines are represented in R. The concordance is offered between sections of the
subscript minuscule line at the end of Tablet I in H & M edition and the line numbering as calcu-
R gives the line total as 213, on which basis the lated above and used for this edition.
Page Section in
in H & M H&M Line numbers in present edition
78 I (basic text, A) 1-29

80 II (A) 31-56
80 III 59-67
82 III 68-100
84 III (lines numbered 43-54) 101-112

84 III (hypothetically restored 15 lines num- Calculations below allow
bered 55-69) 12 lines, 113-124
84 III (lines numbered 70-77) 125-132 (fixed by calculation immediately
following)
86 III (lines numbered 78-109) 133-164 (fixed because H & M III 84 = Anzu
I 139)
88 III (lines numbered 110-134) 165-189
88 III (hypothetically restored 5 lines num- Other data give space for 1
bered 135-139) 190-201
88 IV (A) 202-213
Conventions for transliteration and tran

The commoner logograms are given in t
ate Akkadian form, generally according
lences used in von Soden, Syllabar2 (AnOr 42),
pp. 7 5 f., or in Borger, Zeichenliste (AO AT 33). There
Translations
are a few self-evident minor variations from the latter,
such as l?kakku rather than kakku for glštukul. Less The sad poetastery of some published attempts to
common logograms, or common logograms so damaged contort translations of Akkadian into English verse
that there could be doubt as to what signs I am presup-has convinced me of the wisdom of staying with prose, f
posing, are represented either by the assumed Akka- in a rendering as literal as English idiom will permit.
dian value with upper-case sumerograms in brackets, Where an Akkadian verb in the Present form is
or by the sumerograms alone. linked to a preceding Preterite, I have usually trans-
Damaged or lost text is indicated as follows: lated it as Past tense, in accordance both with English
X one damaged unrecognized sign: idiom and with my understanding of Akkadian usage,
loss of text exceeding one in which
sign, up I see such a combination as parallel to the
to Va line Hebrew Waw Consecutive construction.
/';-=09 )(8* =-0/']
Additions to Anzu 7
67
67 [tup-šimátiMKŠ ša qãtèll-su an]-[zii)-ú rV-t[a-Anzu kept gla
a]t-[tal-ma] tinies in his hands.
As he kept glancing at the father of the
HÍ-t[a-a]t-ta[l-m]a W-bi ilïMEè dDU[R.AN.
Kl] gods, Durankl,
uk-kus den-líl-ú-ta is-sa-bat ina li[b-bi-šu] He conceived in his heart the idea of remov-
ing the sovereignty.
70 an-zu-ú i-t a- at- tal-ma a-bi ilïMEè dDU[R.AN. 70 As Anzu kept glancing at the father of the
Kl] gods, Duranki,
uk-kuš den-líl-ú-ta is-sa-bat ina l[ib-bi-šu] He conceived in his heart the idea of remov-
ing the sovereignty.
lul-qé-ma tup-šimátiMEŠ ilïMEè [a-n]a-k[u] «Let me myself take the Tablet of Destinies
of the gods,
ù te-re-e-ti šá ilíMEŠ kalí-šú-n[u l'u-uh-mu- and let me gather the ordinances of the gods
u[m' - all of them.
lu-ug-mur-ma kussâ l[u-b]íl par-si Let me gain full control of the throne, let me
be lord over the established order.
75 lu-u-ma-î-ir kul-lat kalí-š[u-nu] H-gì-gì 75 Let me control the whole pantheon, all of
them.
ik-pu-ud-ma lib-ba-s[ú t]u-qu-un-tam Because he plotted defiance in his heart,
ne-reb ki-is-si šá i-ta-ta-lu [ú^-qa-â re-se He waited at the entrance to the shrine,
tu±V-[miY where at break of day he was wont to watch.
e-nu-ma áenlil i-ram-mu-ku méME[š ellûtiMEè] Whilst 'Enlil was washing with pure water,
šah-tu-ma ina i?kussî a-gu-š[ú šak-nu ] With his crown taken off and set on the
throne,
80 tup-šimatiMEŠ ik-šu-da q[a-tuš-šu] 80 (Anzu) reached out with his hand to the
Tablet of Destinies.
den-líl-ú-ta il-te-qé na-d[u-ú par-si] He took away the sovereignty. The estab-
lished order was abrogated.
an-zu-ú ip-pa-riš-ma šad-du-s[u ik-kuš' Anzu flew off and made for his mountain.
it-ta-at-bak šá-hur-ra-tú šá-kin q[u-lu] Dread stillness poured forth, silence settled
there.
abu ma-lik-šu-nu šu-har-ru-ur àenl[il] Enlil, the Father, their counsellor, was
([E]N.L[ÍL]) numb with dread.
85 ki-is-su iš-ta-hat na-mur-ra-su 85 The shrine stripped itself of its glory.
ilúMEŠ ma-a-ti i-sa-na-hu-ru ana tè- e -me The gods of the land went around (seeking)
for counsel.
da-num pá-šú ipuša-ma i-qab-bi Anu opened his mouth and spoke,
Variant readings 79 ina : A i-na.
67 W-t[a-a]t-[tal-ma]: A it-ta-[a]ť -tal-ma (collated); a-gu-š[ú];. A a-gu-šu.
P . it-ta-at-t[al-ma] . 81 àen-líl-ú-ta : A àen-líl-ú-ti.
82 šad-du-s[u]: A šad-us-su.
68 H^-t[a-a]t-ta[l-m]a: A it-ta-na-tal-ma ; P it-ta-
[a]t-tal-ma. 83 šá-hur-ra-tú: A šá-hur-ra-tu 4.
69 den-líl-ú-ta : A, P den-líl-ú-ti. 84 abu : A a-bu.
70 i-ta-at-tal-ma: A, P (damaged) it-ta-at-tal-ma. 85 ki-is-su: A [k]i-is-sa.

71 den-líl-ú-ta : A, P (damaged) den-líl-ú-ti. na-mur-ra-su : A na-mur-rat-s[u].
72 lul-qé-ma : P lul-qé-e-ma. 86 i-sa-na-hu-ru: A is-sa-na-[ah-hu'-ru.
tup-šímátiMEŠ : P tup-ši-ma-a-ti. 87 áa-num : A [da-n]u-um.
73 kalí-šú-n[u] : A, P ka-li-šú-nu.
74 l[u-b]il: A lu-be-li (collated); P lu-be-el. Textual Notes
75 lu-u-ma-î-ir : A, P lu-ma-î-ir.
kalî-s[u-nu ]: A, P (damaged) ka-li-šú-nu. Line 74) par-si. «The established order» does not, of
76 lib-ba-š[ú]: A lib-ba-šu ; P lib-ba-šu. course, cover the whole range of meaning of parsu, but
77 i-ta-ta-lu : A it-ta-at-ta-lu. there seems to be no other brief phrase which comes
77 rúl -qa-â: A ú-qa-a-a. nearer to conveying the broad implications of the term.
re-še : A re-ši. Line 76) ik-pu-ud-ma. For the syntax assumed in the
78 i-ram-mu-ku: A i-ra-mu-ku. translation see GAG § 158.
8 H. W. F. Saggs
izakkara ra He addressed
ana ilïMEè the godsmârïMEè-su
his sons:
ilu ayyu-ú «Which god will slay
an-za-a Anzu
li-nar-ma
90 ina kul-lat ačž(URU.URU) li-šar-bi šumšu 90 And make his name great in all cities?»
(MU.NI)
dGÚ.GAL is-su-u mär da-[nim] They summoned Gugal, son of Anu.

sâ-kin tè-e-ma ana šá-šu-ma -za [k]-k [ar- With a plan prepared for him, (Anu) addres-
šú' sed him.
dadad rďG[Ú.G]AL i[s-s]u-[u mãr da-nim] They summoned Adad, (that is,) Gugal, son
of Anum.
139 i[na kib]-ra[t erb]ettit[i] [si-tak-ka-na ma-ha- 139 Set up your sanctuaries in the four world
zi-ka] regions.
140 ma-ha-zu-ka l[i-ru-bu a-na É-KUR] 140 Let your sanctuaries enter into Ekur.
sit-ra-ah ina mah-r[i iliMEè-ma gas-ru lu-u Make yourself glorious before the gods, and
sum-ka] let your name be «The Mighty One».
àsara e-pu-la [qi-bi-ta] Shara made answer,
ana da-nim abi-šú araã[ía](IN[IM]) [i-zak- To Anu his father he addressed a word:
kar]
a-bi ana šá-ad la â-a-ri li-hiš man-nu «My father, who would rush off to the
mountain of no access?
145 Who among the gods your sons is one who
145 ayyu-ú ka-am an-za-a ina iliMEŠ mã[riMEè-
ka] can capture Anzu?
tup-sïmâtiMEè ik-šu-da qa-[tuš-šu' He reached out with his hand to the Tablet
of Destinies.
den-líl-ú-ta il-te-qe na-du-[ú par-si] He took away the sovereignty. The estab-
lished order is abrogated.
an-zu-ú ip-pa-ris-ma šad-du-u[s-su ik-kuš] Anzu flew off and made for his mountain.»
211 [DUB.NAM.MEŠ DINGIR?.D]INGIR an- 211 «Anzu reached out with his hand to the
[z]u lx 1 te1? [i]k-šu-da qa-t[uš]-šú Tablet of Destinies of the gods.
212 [denlil] H^-te-kim a-ba-ka is-sirx 212 He has robbed Enlil, he has raised himself
above your father.
Variant readings 211 [DUB.NAM.MEŠ]: restored after P tup-pi-

NAM.MEŠ.
pá-šú : A pa-a-šu.
[DINGIR?.D]INGIR an-[z]u: P šá ina puhri tel.
ipuša-ma : A i-'pu-ša]m-ma.
88 izakkara™: A [i-zak-k]a-ra. Textual notes
ana : A a-na.
Line 211) Although the text is damaged, it seems
89 ilu ayyu-ú' A (collated) has space in the area of
impossible to read the first extant signs as other than
lost text for this as restoration, against the AN an-zu. The obvious restoration for the damaged
shorter text restored in H & M, p. 82, line 31.
traces immediately following is -ú, but the certain
90 ali (URU. URU): A da-ád-me. bottoms of two diagonal wedges preclude this, unless
šumšu(MU.NI): A šwmšu(MU.NE).
these diagonals belong to an IG formerly written there
91 is-su-u : A is-su-ú ; C il-[su7-u ?].
and partially erased with -ú written over it, with IG
92 tè-e-ma : A [ t]è-ma .
then being written again for ik-šu-da. An alternative
93 rd1G[Ú.G]AL: C GÚ.GAL.LA. meaningful reading would be [l]em-[n]is, but (a) the
139 [erb] etti tw: A er-bet-ti. traces do not suggest lem, although niš could be read,
141 ina mah-r[i ]: A i-na ma-har. and (b) the formulae in Standard Babylonian Anzu are
142 e-pu-la' A i-pu-la. highly stylized and lemniš occurs nowhere else in the
143 abi-šú: A abi-šu. extant text.
amã[ta] (IN[IM]): A a-ma-tu4. Line 212) [denlil' H^-te-kim. In the usual construction
145 an-za-a: A an-zi-i. with ekêmu, the direct object is the thing taken away,
147 il-te-qe: A il-te-qé. not the person from whom it was taken (see passages
148 šad-du-u[s-su': A šá-du-us-su. adduced in CAD, E, 65a-67b), so that one would ex-
/';-=09 )(8* =-0/']
10 H. W. F. Saggs
213 'par-s]i 213 He has taken over theqa-tuš-šú

i-te-kim established order by ut-t
force, he has subverted it to his own con-
trol.»
tup-pi I Tablet I of «Sonbi-in

KÁM.MA of the King of thesar
World». da-ád
ŠU.[N]IGIN Total tines:
III US 213. rXirXirxniI.À
Variant readings that he had set himself above Enlil. The reading and
213 qa-tuš-šú: P qa-. . . clearly in copy (as against translation proposed (the latter with considerable
restoration in H & M, 88, IV (A), line 12). dubiety) assume a form with infixed - 1 - from siãru
«überragen» (AHw 1096a), and are favoured by the
Textual Notes
writing is-si-ir in the parallel passage in the Old Baby-
pect enlilüta (corresponding to the formlonianintext
the N (RA
Old35, 21, Tabi. 2 (rev.), line 11 =
RA However,
Babylonian recension) rather than denlil. 46, 90, line 51),
P which is not adduced by H & M ad
loc.
has àenlil ad loc., and although the direct object of
itekim is lost in R, the space is not sufficient Subscript line 2 after I 213) The biggest vertical (the
for more
than denlil. one in ŠU) only just reaches 1 mm in height. Although
Line 212) is-sirx. The problem for the gods was not the numerals are not perfect, they are beyond doubt. A
that Anzu «spurned» Enlil (so H & M, 89, IV 11), but of A.AN = ÀM is as copied.
Anzu Tablet II
Since GM 1 significantly advanced the line indicates that the source retains only a
under-
minor
standing of Tablet II, a full edition using all part of the text at that point. A thickened
sources is offered. line indicates that the source represented has
The vertical lines to the left represent sources contributed at least one sign at that point to the
preserving some portion of the text. A brokentext as edited here.
1 bi-riq ur-ha šuk-na a-dan-na Flash lightning on the path, set an ap-
pointed time!
ana ilïMKè šu-ut ab-nu-u na-mir-ta šu-us-si To the gods, those whom I created, send
forth brightness!
gu-um-mur-ta di-ki qa-bal-ka Mount your total attack!
sub-riq im-hul-li-ka lil-li-ku elî-sû Make your tempests flash! Let them go
against him.
5 mu-up-par-šá an-za-a ku-mu-ma 5 Bind the winged Anzu!
ri-hi-is ersetutu 4 ib-ba-nu-u su-bat-su su-uh- Drench the earth which has been created!
hi Put his dwelling-place into confusion!
Variant readings 5 mu-up-par-šá: F mu-u[p]-par-šú.

an-za-a: N an-za-am.
1 šuk-na : E šu-ku[n]' F š[u]-k[u-n]u; N šu-ku-un.
a-dan-na : F a-dan-nw, N a-na-da-am (scribal er- ku-mu-ma: N apparently ku-šu-ud-ma, but possi-
ror for a-da-na-am ?); P catchline [a-d]an-nu. bly (see ad line 4, lil-li-ku eli-šú) represents an
2 ab-nu-u : E ab-n[u]-ú' N [a]b-nu-ú. original ku-šu-ud ku!-mu-[má'.
na-mir-ta: F n[a-mi]r-tú' N na-wi-ir-tam. 6 ri-hi-is: E [r]ï?-ih-is.
šu-us-si: E, F, N šu-si. ersetutuK E er-se-[t]u 4?; F er-[se-tu¿].
3 qa-bai-ka: N qá-ba-al-ka. Cont'd p. 11.
4 šub-riq: E, F The traces in both are wholly con-
sistent with šu[b]-ri[q] and do not permit the si-
Textual Notes
bi or se-bet restored by earlier editors.
im-hul-li-ka: E im-h[ul-l'a/-ka. Line 6) ri-hi-is . R now supplies the crucial verb at
lil-li-ku eli-šú: N according to Scheil's copy and this point. The repeated use of rahãsu shows the
edition and in part Nougayrol's collation, li-qü-meteorological aspect of the myth, of which one of the
lu HUR.SAG.MU, but conceivably an ancient concerns is the coming of drenching thunderstorms.
mis-copy for li-li-ku e]-lil-šul , with MU origi-Line 6) ersetum. Possibly on the mythological (as
nally belonging to the end of the next line. distinct from the meteorological) level, has overtones
of «netherworld», as a place connected with the cosmic
eli-šú: N see above, ad lil-li-ku eli-šú ; E e-l[i-š]ú'
F rei -li-šu. mountain of Anzu.
Additions to Anzu 11
nap-luh-túli-ir-ta-si-na
May terrör overwhelm him. e-li-šú
na-an-dur-tú qa-bal-ka
May your furious attack makeli-ir-ta-û-ub
him quake
with fear.
lul-tar-bi-iš-šú I will
gu-um-mur-tú
bring mightily upon him the whole a-šam
tú power of the Dust Devils.
10 tu^-lul i?qašta šu-ku-da im-ta li-me-šu 10 Draw the bow! Surround the arrow with
poison!
gal-la-niš liš-ta-an-nu-u bu-nu-ka Let your features change (to be) like those of
a gallu- demon.
su-sx im-ba-ra zi-mu-ka a-a ú-ad-di Send forth a haze, so that he may not recog-
nize your face.
bir-bir-ru-ka lil-li-ku e-li-šú Let your radiance go against him.
ših-tu-ka lu-u si-ru šá-lum-ma-tú lu-u ti-ši May your assault be supreme, may it be a
thing of splendour.
15 a-a ippuhaÇKUK)^ dšamaš e-li-šú 15 Let the sun not shine upon him,
Variant readings, 1. 6 cont'd. gu-um-mur-tú : E gu-um-mur-ta; F gu-u[m-m]ur-

[ t]u .
ib-ba-nu-w. E i[b-b]a-nu-ú.
su-bat-su : N šu-pa-as-sú ; F see below. a-šam-šá-a-tú : E a-ša[m]-ša-tu' F r á'-[š]am-šu -
su-uh-hi : N Nougayrol accepts (see RA 46, 88 [u]t-tuA according to published copy, but a
note 1 and 93 note 3) that there are errors in the slight re-spacing without any other change in
Susa version of Anzu, and the possibility the wedges would permit the reading r a}-[š]am -
š[a]l-tu4.
should be considered that the group in N be-
tween ZU and HI is not -uh-hi- but an errone- 10 tui-lul: E [t]u-lul' F copy suggests a[l]-lul but a
ous (or simply an unusual) form of -uh- alone,minimal change of wedge in the area marked as
constituting the form sú-uK-hi. W. von Soden,damaged would give the reading t[u]--lul.
AHw 1003 b, proposes sú-uh-hi-i[m], from šu-ku-da : E šu-ku-du' F [š]u?-[k]u?-du-ka.
im-ta : N ¡x^-tam.
sahãmu D «bedrängen».
su-bat-su su-uh-hi : F su-bat su-uh-hi, perhaps by li-me-šu : E copy apparently l[i-b]il-lu (grammati-
haplography. cally a non-fořm) but read perhaps l[i-m]ï -šu[ ;
7 nap-luh-tû: E [ na]pl?-luh-[t]u4 ; F [nap-l]uh-t[u]. F, though damaged, clearly as R.
li-ir-ta-si-na : E li-ir-ta-[a's-si-na ; N [l]i-ir-ta-hu 11 gal-la-niš : N gal-la-ni<-iš?>.
ša, but the replacement of the upper horizontal liš-ta-an-nu-u : E [ l]iš-ta-an-nu-ú ; N li-iš-ta-nu-ú.
and the two small verticals of ša as copied by bu-nu-ka : E Copy bu-kúr-ka but Ebeling ac-
three small diagonals would give the reading li- cepted second sign as -nvì-, N pa-nu-ka.
ir-ta-sí- -na! . 12 zi-mu-ka : E zi-me-ka' N zi-mi-ka.
a-a ú-ad-di : N a-ia ú-we-ed-di.
e-li-šú : E, F e-li-šu; N e-li-š[u].
8 na-an-dur-tú : E [n]a-an-dur-tu' F [n]a-an-dur- 13 e-li-šú : E e-Z¿-NI (= elišu ); F e-li-šu.
[t]u' 14 ših-tu-ka: E The space shown in Ebeling' s copy
before the extant traces favours restoration of
qa-bal-ka : E qa-b[al]-ka as Ebeling (not qãt-ka as
AHw 932b). ših-tu-ka rather than the nif-tvU-ka read by
li-ir-ta-û-ub-šú: E li-ir-ta-*u-u[b-š ]u; F . . .-rxi- Ebeling or the ner-tu(sic')-ka of Hruška; F
ru-ub-šu, perhaps to be read [li-ir-tfa-û1 -ub- Spacing and traces permit only the restoration
šu, although the copy hardly allows space for ših-tu-[ka], not ner-tu-[ka].
both this restoration and the final two signs of lu-u si-ru : E lu si-r[u'' F [l]u-ú si-ru.
the preceding qa-[bal-ka], and the correct res- šá-lum-ma-tú : E š[a'-[l]um-mat.
toration may be [l]i-ru-ub-šu {cf. AHw 932b); N lu-u ti-ši : E lu ti-š[a' (read lu ti-da by earlier
was read by Scheil and (initially) Nougayrol as editors); F lu ti-šu.
[li]-ir-ta-ah-hu, but the supposed -ah-hu is rep- 15 a-a ippuhaiKUR1)^: KUR is written over an era-
resented in the copy as broken, and the traces sure; E a-a ip-pu-ha ; F [a]-a ip-p[u-h]a' N a-ia
would permit the reading of the first of the two ip-pu-u[h].
underlying signs as yu. To read the second sign dšamaš : E ášá-maš' N according to Scheil, fol-
as ub would require the assumption of a slight lowed by Nougayrol, na'p-pa]-hu , but Scheil's
inaccuracy in Scheil's representation of the Cont'd, p. 12.
traces. Note also the revised reading proposed Textual Notes
by Nougayrol, RA 46, 96, note on 2, 58 s., [li]-ir- Line 9) a-šam-šá-a-tú. On dust devils seen as super-
ta-ah-hu[-ub]. natural beings, see E. W. Lane, The Manners and
9 lul-tar-bi-iš-šú : E [l]uV -tar- -bi-iš-šu' F l[ul'-[ta]r- Customs of the Modern Egyptians (fifth edition, 1860),
[b]i-i[š-š]u. chapter X.
12 H. W. F. Saggs
u^-mu nam-ru ana da-û-um-ma-ti li-tur-šú Let the bright day be turned for him to
darkness.
šu-ri-ih nap-šat-su an-za-a ku-mu-ma Destroy his life! Vanquish Anzu!
sârûMEè kap-pi-šú ana bu-us-ra-a-ti lib-lu-u- Let the winds carry his wings for good ti-
ni dings
bi-tus É.KUR ana si-ri abï-ka denlil To the exalted one, your father Enlil, to his
house Ekur.
20 sadêe qer-bit-su-nu ri-hi-is dul-lïh-ma 20 Hurry and drench the midst of the moun-
tains!
lem-na an-za-a i-kis nap-šat-su Cut the throat of evil Anzu!
šarru-ú-ta li-ru-ba a-na É-KUR Let the kingship re-enter Ekur.
[a-n]a a-[bi a]-li-di-[k]a li-t[u]-ru par-si Let the established order return to the
Father, your begetter.
[li-ib]-š[u-m]a lib-ba-nu-u pa-rak-ki Let shrines exist, let them be created.
25 [ina kib-rat e]r-bet-ti si-tak-ka-na ma-ha- 25 Set up your sanctuaries throughout the four
zu-ka
world regions!
[ma-ha-zu-k]a [li]-ru-bu a-na É.KUR Let your sanctuaries enter into Ekur.
[s]it-ra-a[h m'ah-[r]i iliMEè DIS ga-âs-ru lu Make yourself glorious before the gods! Let
sum(MXJ)-ka your name be «The Mighty One».
zik-ra um-mi-su is-[më'- rei qu-ra-du The Hero heard the utterance of his mother.
ig-ru-ur ir-[t]ď-ub šá-du-us-su ik-kuš He writhed with rage, he was furious, he
made his way to his (Anzu's) mountain.
30 be-lí u[š-t]a-a[s]-bi[t] [s]e-bet qab-la 30 My Lord harnessed the Seven Battles.
Variant readings, 1. 15 cont'd. 24 lib-ba-nu-u: E [li]b-ba-nu-ú.

published copy does not readily suggest this 27 re-[m]ah-[r]i: E [ma-h]ar.
storation and the traces seem consistent with DIS: E omits. (In F it appears to be used as a
[DI]NGIR.UTU!. determinative, to emphasize that gašru here is
e-li-šú : E apparently e-li-t[a], but shading in the a proper name).
copy indicates that the supposed three verticals 28 zik-ra: G, N zi-kir.
are not clearly visible, suggesting that this may um-mi-šu: E [u]m-ma-šú.
be a miscopy of e-li-š[u]1; F rei-| l]i-šu; N e-le-nu iš-[mé'-*e N iš-mi-a-am.
(«above»). qu-ra-du: N qú-ra-du-um.
16 nam-ru : N nam-rum. 29 N has a line in which the only verbal correspond-
ana: E a-na; F ra!-n[a]; N omits. ence to the later standard text is ša-di-iš for
da-û-um-ma-ti: N da-um-ma-tam. later šá-du-us-su. The line reads: qi-it-ru-ud ta-
li-tur-šú : E li-tur-šu; F [ l]i-tur-šu ; N li-wi-šum. ha-zi-im ig-da-pu-uš ša-di-iš . . .
17 nap-šat-su : N na-ap-ša-as-sú. ir-t[a]--ub , in H, taken as for irta?ub, corresponds
an-za-a : N an-za-am. in sense with ig-da-pu-uš of N.
18 šarúMEŠ : E [šď]-a-ru; F šá-a-r[i]' N ša-ru. 30 be-lí: N omits.
kap-pi-šú: E kap-pi-šu; N kap-pí. u[š-t]a-a[s]-bi[t]: F [ uš-ta-as-b]i-ta ; N mu-uš-ta-
ana bu-us-ra-a-ti : E a-na bu-us-ra-ti; F [ana7 bu-[a]s-m[i-d]a-at.
s]u-[r]a-t[e]; N a-na bu-sú-ra-tim. [s]e-bet: N IMIN.
lib-lu-u-ni : E li[b]-lu-ni' N li-ib-lu-nim. qab-la: E qab-li.
19 bi-tuš : N according to Scheil and Nougayrol mu-
ti-iš, but, following proposal of W. von Soden,
AHw 690b, s. v. muttiš, read bi-ti-iš.
ana si-ri : E, N a-na si-ir' F [a-n]a sw[r]?.
Textual Notes
abï-ka : E, N (according to Nougayrol's collation)
a-bi-ka; F ¡a~'-bi-ka. Line 17) šu-ri-ih. Impv. Š of arãhu II AHw 63b. In the
denlil: N omits.
parallel passage II 137, G has a variant su-ri-ïh , which
After line 19, N repeats line 18. is Impv. D scriptio defectiva of sarãhu, AHw 1028a.
20 šadée : F [šď]-d[e]- rei. Line 19) ana si-ri, variant si-ir. Possibly here and in
qer-bit-su-nu : E qer-bi-su-nu ; F [qer-b]it-su-n[u]. parallel passages (II 116, II 139) ana se-ri or se-er
dul-lih-ma' F dul-lih-ma.
«towards», although there appears to be no indisput-
21 i-kis : F i-ki-is.
able evidence of such a usage in Standard Babylonian.
22 šarru-ú-ta : F ša[r-r]u-[ta]' Line 29) ir-[t]al-ub. Gt Preterite from ra?abu, AHw
li-ru-ba: F [l]i-ru-[b]u. 932 a.
qarrädu uš-ta-as-bit se-bet

The Hero harnessed im-hul-la
the Seven Tempests,
mu-um-mi-lat ep-ri IMIN a-šam-šá-a-tú The seven Dust Devils which make the dust
swirl.
id-ka an-na-tu na-an-dur-tu tu-qu-ut-ta iq- He mustered Furious Attack, summoned
ri Combat.
tam-ha-ru-us i-du-uš-šú i-qu-[lu] z[iq]-ziq- At his side for his battle Gale attended.
qu
35 i-na šá-hat šadř an-zu-ú u dnínurta it-tan- 35 Anzu and Ninurta saw each other on the
ma-ru side of the mountain.
i-mur-šu-ma an-zu-ú i-ru-ba-áš-šu When Anzu saw him, he raged at him,
ik-su-us ki-ma u4-mu me-lam-ma-šú sa[dë]e He bared his teeth like an umu- demon; his
ik-tùm glow covered the mountains.
ut-ta-a^-ár kî lab-bi le-qé uz-za He roared like a lion seized with fury.
i-na ug-gď-ti lib-bi-šú il-sa-â} [a-na qar]- In the rage of his heart he called out to the
ra-du Hero:
40 at-ta-bal-ma kul-lat ka-li-sû-nu par-si 40 «I have borne away all elements of the es-
tablished order, every one of them,
ù te-re-e-tú sá ilïME ka-li-ši-n[a u'm-te-er And so I control all the ordinances of the
gods.
man-na at-ta M ana ta-ha-zi-ía tal-li-kaWho are you, that you come to do battle
t t]e±-en-ka id-na with me? Give an account of yourself! »
i-ri-ih-šum-ma ú-sa-a-šú zi-kìr pi-i-šu He moved with menace towards him; the
Variant readings an-zu-ú: H an-za-a ; N, O omit.

31 The lines in N, corresponding to 31 and 32 in the i-ru-ba-áš-šu: N, O i-ru-ba-aš-šu.
later standard edition, are transposed. 37 u4-mu: H u^-mi; N u^-mi-im ; O
qarradu : H qar-ra-du. me-lam-ma-šú: N, O me-lam5-ma-šu.
uš-ta-as-bit : H u[š]-te-bi-ta (for uš-tas- -bi-ta or ša[dé]e N ša-di-i; O KUR.HI.A.
uš-te-<es->bi-ta); N mu-uš-ta-as-mi-da-at, a ik-tùm: N uš-ta-al-pa ; O uš-ta-[al-pa'.
form which requires an antecedent feminine 38 ut-ta-a?-ar: H ut-ta-ar.
noun, assumed in CAD, I/J, 116 b to be dMAH. kî: H,N,0 ki-ma.
se-bet : H, N IMIN. lab-bi: O la-bi-i[m'.
im-hul-la : F i[m-h]ul-[l'i; N i[m-hu]l-li (Scheil's le-qé: so also O (against Nougayrol).
copy sic , although read gu-li-li by Scheil and uz-za: F u[z'-[z]u'
Nougayrol). 39 lib-bi-šú: O [l]i-ib-bi-šu.
32 ep-ri: N [ep]-ri-im. il-sa-[a]: O iš-si-a-am.
IMIN: N se-be. [qar]-ra-du: O UR.SfAG].
40 at-ta-bal-ma: H at-bal-ma.
a-šam-šá-a-tú : N a-ša-am-š[a-a-tim].
33 id-ka : H id-ku. kul-lat: O [k]úl-la-a[t].
an-na-tu : H a-na-a[n'-tu. ka-li-šú-nu: O ka-li-šu-nu.
na-an-dur-tu: E [na-an-du]r-ti: H na-an-[dur- par-si: O pa-ar-si.
ť]ď. 41 te-re-e-tú: H [t]e-re-e-t[i].
tu-qu-ut-ta: F [ t]u-qu-u[n]7-tu ; N qá-ba-al-šu. [u]m-te-er: F published copy represents [x^-mu-
iq-ri: F i[q]-ru. um, but damage is indicated and there appear
34 i-qu-[lu]: N H^-qù-lu. to be groups present which could belong to
um1 -te1 -er1.
z[iq]-ziq-qu: H traces establish first sign as ziq-
(not i-, as Hruška); N i-lu HUR.SAG.MU. 42 ta-ha-zi-ía: I [ta]-ha-zi-ia.
35 šá-hat: H š[á]-h[a-a]t ; N apparently omits, but the tal-li-ka: O ta-al-li-kam.
syntax of the line might have been different, 't'e4-en-ka: I t[e-en-ka'' O te4-e-em-ka.
with this word in the lost part. id-na: F SU[M].
šadí: N šadím. 43 i-ri-ih-šum-ma: F ú-. . .
an-zu-ú: H an-za-a ; N an-zi-im. ú-sa-a-šú: I ^ú^-sa-a. Cont'd, p. 14.
u: H, N omit. Textual Notes
àninurta: E [ninu]rtď' H ninurta' N i-lum. Line 36) i-ru-ba-áš-šu. Taken to mean „to shake with
it-tan-ma-ru: N it-ta-an-mar.
rageu, as G Preterite Ventive + suffix from râbu(m) I,
36 i-mur-šu-ma: N according to Nougayrol xxxx AHw 936 a.
DINGIR šu-u[m], but one expects a verb withLine 43) i-ri-ih-šum-ma. For the sense see AHw
-šu-um as 3 s. m. dative suffix; O . . . .-um. 237a.
14 H. W. F. Saggs
word of his mouth came at him.

an-za-a The Hero Ninurta
Hi-pu-[la] answered Anzu:
qû-ra-du rd1 ninu
45 a-n[a-ku . . 45.«I am ] the champion
rxi of the divine Duranki,
dDUR.AN.KI
mu-ki[n erse]titì Of the one rapasti
who regulates the broadtìearth,
dé-a š
§ïmâtiMEè Ea, King of Destinies.
a-na p[a-ni-ka' ra"i-[n]a tãhãzi-ka al-li-ka Into your presence to do battle with you
da-is-ka have I come, as one who treads you down.»
iš-me-[m]a an-zu-ú zi-kir pi-i-šu When Anzu heard the utterance of his
mouth,
ina q[é'-reb hur-sa-a-ni ik-kil-la-šu šam-riš He set up a furious clamour in the midst of
id-di the cosmic mountain range.
50 šak-[n]a-ať ik4e-tú sadûu p[aynu-šú-nu 50 Darkness was imposed; the mountains,
kàt-mu their faces were concealed.
,di[ša]maš nu-ur iliMEš da-um*meš i-ru-ub Shamash, light of the gods, penetrated into
the gloom;
dadad r[a'-bu-ti ut-ta-â-ar it-ti an-zi-i ri- Adad was roaring mightily , his thunder was
gim-šú with Anzu.
53 a ina bi-rit qa[b'-li tuq-ma^te a-na-an-tu 4 it - 53 a In the course of the contention, the moment
ku-pat of the battle-clash arrives.
53 b a^bu-bu AS te1 . . . 53 b The Deluge sweeps over ;
šam-rat ap-luh-tú da-me i-ram-muk 2 The armour rages, it bathes in blood.
55 er-pe-et mu-ti i-za-an-nu-nu i-bar-riq u$-si55 Death clouds pour rain, arrows flash as
lightning.
iš-ta-l[i ] ina bi-ri-šú-nu i-ram-mu-um qab- . . . between them; the battle thunders on.
lu
Variant readings, 1. 43 cont'd. tion of correspondences between R and the

other exemplars shows that the line concerned
zi-kìr : so G; I zi-kir ,
was that which appears as 53 in F and I. It is
pi-i-šu: O pi-šu.
44 In O and I this line is a continuation of the line also to be noted that the copy of F shows a
damaged area between the third and the fourth
bearing 43.
an-za-a : O an-za-am.
lines after that numbered 50 in the published
copy, and that this damaged area is wholly
i-pu-[la' : restored on basis of O i-pu-lam.
consistent with, and indeed requires, a runover
46 mu-ki[n]' O mu-ki-in.
which would correspond to 53 b.
[erse]tf rapaítf : O DUR.AN.KI.
53 a tuq-ma-te : so I; F t[uq-ma]-a-te.
dé-a: so I; F dDI[Š].
it-ku-pat : so I; F i[t-ku]-pu.
šár UmátiMEŠ : E . . . NAM!?.ME[Š]!?; O mu-ši-im
ši-ma-a-tim. 54 šam-rat : first sign assured by R; E [ša]m-rat.
ap-luh-tu : so E; F [a]p-luh-[tu]?; I [á'p-luh-tú' O
47 tãhãzi-ka : so F; 1 ta-ha-zi-ka.
al-li-ka : O al-li-kam. has ap-lu-uh-tam in broken context between
lines corresponding to 47 and 49.
da-iš-ka : so O; I ad-iš-ka , probably an error for
da-me : so I; E [d]a-mé-e' O da-mi.
dď-iš-ka, but if not, it would appear to repre-
i-ram-mukx' O i-ra-vm-uk.
sent a usage of the Preterite corresponding to
54-55, 57-58, 59-60: In I. each of these pairs of lines
what the Hebraists call the «prophetic Per-
fect». (as divided in thu other exemplars) occurs on
one line, with a word-divider separating the
48 zi-kir : so F; I zik-ri.
two sections.
49 ina q[é]-reb : O [ť]-n[a]n [q]er--bi-it.
hur-sa-a-ni : O HUR.SAG. 55 er-pe-et : so I and (damaged) F; R er-p[et].
ik-kil-la-šu : O ik-ki-la-šu. i-za-an-nu-nu : so I and (damaged) F; E Hi-za-nu-
[nu'.
šam-riš : O šant-r^-ilš1 . 56 ina : E i-na.
id-di : O id -du! (so clearly in published copy,
bi-ri-šú-nu : E bi-ri-š[u-nu].
against Scheil and Nougayrol). i-ram-mu'um : O i-ra-am-mu-um.
50 šadúú: so F; I šá-di-i.
qab-lu : O qa-ab-lum.
53 The ten-markers in the margin of R are so placed
Textual Notes
that, in the arrangement of the text as found on
R, the marker for 60 comes 11 lines after that Line 56) iš-ta-l[i]. iš- is assured by R and -ta- by E
for 50. Thus it would appear that one line hasand F. The third sign is represented incompletely in E,
been split by the scribe of R, and an examina-F and Î, all of which point to - li at least as much as to
ga-áš-ru The Mightybu-kúr

šu-pu-ú One, the Illustrious One, Senior
dma-mi
Son of Mami,
tuk-lat da-nimThe One
u whodda-gan
bears the trust of Anu and na-ram
Dagan, Beloved One of Ninshiku,
it-lu[l' He drewq]a-na-a
mqaš[ta the bow, he loaded it with a reed-
W-mal-
arrow,
60 i-na i-rat 60 From the breast of the bow
i?qašti he sent the reed-
qa-na-a ú-bil
arrow at him.
ul it-hi ¡a-n]aIt did not go near Anzu; the
an-zi-i reed-arrow
qa-[nu]-u i
turned back,
an-zu-ú um-ma issa-a e-li-šú (For) Anzu called out against it thus:
«O reed-arrow that has come against me,
qa-nu-um-ma šá [tal'-li-ka tu-ri a-pu-uk-ka
return to your canebrake!
mu-um-m[u i?qašti ai-na qí-šá-ti-ki Frame of the bow, to your forests!
65 šír-a-nu a-na šá-šal-li UDU-NÍTA kap-pu
65 Return, O thong, to the sheep's rump, (and)
ana is-su-ri twra(GUR.MEŠ) feathering to the birds!
This is He who bears the Tablet of Destinies
na-ši-ma 'tup-s]ïmâtiME[è] ilíMEŠ qa-tuš-šu
of the gods in his hand! »
š[um'-[t]u šír-a[n i?qašti ] ši[l-t]a-[h]u ulTheit-bow-thong was weakened; arrows
hu-ú ana zu-um-ri-šu could not come near his body.
[uš-ha]-ri-i[r-m]a qab-la ik-ta-li tu-qu-un-tú The battle fell still; the conflict ceased.
Variant readings is-su-ri: so I; E MUŠEN.MEŠ.

twrö(GÜR.MES): so E; I t[w]--[r]a?.
57 šu-pu-ú: so E; F š[u-p]u-û^; I [šu-pu]-u.
67 it-hu-ú: J it-hu-u ; I [it-hu]-u.
dma-mi: O [dm'a-am-mi.
58 tuk-lat : O tu-uk-la-at . zu-um-ri-šu: J zumri(SXJ)-šu.
da-nim : O AN. 68 tu-qu-un-tú: sö R, J; E tu-qu-ut-tú.
u: O û.
na-ram: O according to Nougayrol [n]a? BÁR, Textual
but Notes
it is to be noted that in Old Babylonian script a
damaged form of ra could easily be mistaken -UZ. Even if the correct reading is -UZ, this does not
for a damaged form of BÁR, and Scheil's copy give an attested form from uzuzzu. AHvo 1118a ad loc.
could be read as containing ami thus possiblyassumes a hapax legomenon šayas/su «schwirren
indicating [n]ď-r[ď-a]m. (Pfeil)»,
dnin-ši-kú: O according to Nougayrol ni-si-i[m]' Line 59) qa-na-a. For the oriental use of reeds as
but Scheil's copy would appear to admit the arrows see Pliny, Natural History, XVI.lxv (= Loeb
restoration ni-ši-k[ú'. edition, vol. IV, 490).
Line 66) na-ši-ma. A nominal clause; «(this) is the
59 r úi-mal-lix : F r ú^-[mal-li'-šú, corresponding to
form in R line II 75. bearer». See GAG § 123aß and § 126.
60 i-na: R ina. Line 67) š[um]-[t]u. This line is repeated in II 83 and
ú-bil-šum-mu: O [ú-bi]l-šum-ma. (entirely by restoration) in II 98. ub-lu, restored here
61 qa-[nu]-u: so F; I [q]a-na-a; E q[a-n]a-a. by former editors Ebeling and Hruška, could only be
it-tu-ra : F runs this over to a separate line. subjunctive or 3 pl. indicative of Preterite of wabãlu,
and neither form would be grammatically appropriate
62 In I, 62 is on the same line as 61.
in the context. In the R text of II 67, although only
um-ma: E ma, possibly intending an-zu-ú-ma slight traces remain, these indicate that the second
rather than an-zu-ú mã.
sign began with at least two verticals, and the very
is-sa-a: F [x^-šá-a.
damaged traces in the E copy at II 67 and II 83 contain
e-li-šú: E rgi -li-š[u'.
nothing sufficiently definite to rebut this indication of
63 tu-ri: so E; I tu-ra. R that the sign was tu rather than lu. The first sign in
65 UDU.NÍTA: so I; E copy erroneously represents
the E copy at II 83 is given as UB, but it would require
tu-ba; see O. R. Gurney, Proc. Brit. Acad. 41 only a minimal adjustment to make it šum , and the
(1955) 27. traces in both E and R at II 67 favour šum at least as
kap-pu: so I; E kap-pl. much as UB. The form is taken as Stative of Š theme of
ana: so I; E a-na. matu ; for the sense see CAD, M/l, 434b.
16 H. W. F. Saggs
[i]t-ta-ab-ta-lu-ma i?kakkïMEè
Weapons came to rest. In the midst of the ina qé-
sadêe an-za-a ul ik-mu-u mountain they did not vanquish Anzu.
70 is-si-ma dsar-ur4 a-ma-tam ú-ma-â-ár-šu 70 He called Sharur, he gave him an order.
šu-un-ni-šu-ma ep-šet ta-mu-ru ana danúm «The deeds you saw, repeat it to Anu and
u dnin-si-kù Ninshiku!»
be-lu^-um-ma dnínurta an-za-a la-me-ma «O Lord; Ninurta was circling round Anzu,
dninurta ub-bu-ha é-pir qab-li Ninurta was enveloped in the dust of battle,
[qar-ra-d]u ub-bu-ha e-pir The Hero was enveloped in the dust of war-
karasi{ KI. KAL x BAD) fare.
75 [it-lu]l i?qašta qa-na-a ú-mal-li-šú 75 He drew the bow, he loaded it with a reed-
arrow;
it-lul i?qasta qa-na-a ú-bü-sum-ma He drew the bow, he sent a reed-arrow at
him.
ul it-hi a-na an-zi-i qa-nu-ú it-tu-ra It did not go near Anzu; the reed-arrow
turned back,
an-zu-ú um-ma is-sa-a e-li-su (For) Anzu called out against it thus:
qa-nu-um-ma sá tal-li-ka-a tu-ra a-pu-uk-
<0 reed-arrow that has come against me,
kax return to your canebrake!
80 mu-um-mu i?qasti a-na qí-šá-ti-ki 80 Frame of the bow, to your forests!
šir-a-nu a-na šá-šal-li UDU.NÍTA kap-pi a- Return, O thong, to the sheep's rump, (and)
na issuriMEŠ [ta]rá(GU[R.MEŠ]) feathering to the birds!
na-ši-ma tup-sïmâtiMEè ilïMEè qa-tuš-šu This is He who bears the Tablet of Destinies
of the gods in his hand! >
šurri-'t]u šir-[a-an] [i?]qas[ti ] šil-ta-hu ul it- The bow- thong was weakened; arrows
hu-u ana zu-u[m-r]i-šú could not come near his body.
us-ha-ri-ir-ma qab-la ik-ta-la tu[q-u]t-ta The battle fell still; the conflict ceased.
85 it-ta-ab-ta-lu i?kakkiMEŠ ina qé-reb sadí ¿ an- 85 Weapons came to rest. In the midst of the
za-a ul ik-mu-ú mountain they did not vanquish Anzu.»
dšár-ur± [u]š-ki[n] il-qé te-er-tu 4 Sharur did obeisance. He took the report,
Variant readings e-li-šu: so E; I, J e-li-šú ; O (= RA 35, 22, face 16)

69 l?kakkïUEè : so E; R kak-ki. [e-l]i-šu.
šadé : J šadř. 79 qa-nu-um-ma: O qanûm(Gl).
70 ú-ma-* a-ár-šu : J ú-ma-a? -ir-šú. sá: O ša.
71 ta-mu-ru : so R, J; E ta-mu-ra. tal-li-ka-a: so E; I tal-li-[k]a' O ta-al-li-kam.
ana: so R, J; E a-na. a-pu-uk-ka ì : word-divider only in I.
danúm u dnin-ši-kú: so R; E dr éi-[a]; J dé-a dnin-ši- 81 UDU.NÍTA: so I; E copy erroneously tu-ba; see
kù; I danúm dnin-[ši-ku'. note on line 65.
72 dnínurta : so R; E dninurta. kap-pi: so E; I kap-pu.
la-me-ma: so R, J, I; E [l]a- mi-ma. a-na: so E; I ana.
73 E reduces the parallel couplet 73 + 74 to a single isswnMEŠ: so E; I is-[su-ri].
line reading dninurta u[b-b]u-ha ep-ra ka-r[a- 83 ana: so E; I a-n[a'.
J shows traces of q[ab-l]i before qarrãdu , 84 tu[q-u]t-ta: so E; I t[u]-qu-[u]n-tú.
indicating that it bore the full couplet of 85 ina qé-reb šadř: so I; E shows damaged traces
73 + 74 but on one line. which could be interpreted as [ina] qe]-rebl š[a-
74 [ qar-ra-d]u : so R; J UR.SAG. d]i-H'
e-pir : so R, J; E ep-ra ; le-.... an-za-a ul ik-mu-ú: constitutes a separate line in
/carasi(KI.KALxBAD): so R; E ka-r[a-s]u; J, I ka- E.
ra-si. 85/86 The incised line denoting the section division is
75 E omits. in I and F but not in E.
ú-mal-li-šú : J, I ú-mal-li. 86 dšár-ur 4!: so F (proposed reading confirmed by
76 ú-bil-šum-ma : J ú-bil-šu-ma' O [ú-bi]l-šum-ma, collation by Dr J. F. Hawkins); E copy shows
although restored otherwise by Scheil and dIM, but there is damage indicated immediately
Nougayrol. to the right and beneath, so that the traces
77 ul it-hi: O [l]a it-hi-a-am. could well derive from dšár-urA.
an-zi-i: so I; E an-ze-e ; O an-z[i-im]. te-er-tu^: I ter-[tu4ltu7].
78 an-zu-ú: E an-zu' I [an]-zu-ú. ana: so E; I a-na.
ši-pir ta-ha-zi it-ba-la He bore tidings ana dé-a

of the fight ánin-ši-kí
to Ea-Ninshiku,
mim-mu-ú be-lu^ id-bu-bu-sú ana áé-a ú-šá- Whatever the Lord had told him he repeated
an-n[i] to Ea:
be-lu-um-ma dnin[urta] an-za-a la-mi-ma «O Lord; Ninurta was circling round Anzu,
90 dninurta ub-b[u-h]a e-pir ka-ra-ši 90 Ninurta was enveloped in the dust of battle,
it-lul i?qašta q[a-n]a-a ú-bil-šum-ma He drew the bow, he sent a reed-arrow at
him.
ul it-hi a-na a[n-zi'-i qa-nu-u it-tu-ra It did not go near Anzu; the reed-arrow
turned back,
an-zu um-ma is-[sa-]a e-li-š[u] (For) Anzu called out against it thus:
qa-nu-um-ma šá tal-l[i]-ka tu-ra a-pu-u[k- «O reed-arrow that has come against me,
ka] return to your canebrake!
95 mu-um-mu mqaš[ti] a-na qí-šá-ti-k[i] 95 Frame of the bow, to your forests!
[šir-a]-nu a-n[a šá-šal-li ] UD[U!.N]ÍTA! kap- Return, O thong, to the sheep's rump, (and)
pi ana issuriMEŠ [íúrá(GUR.MEŠ)] feathering to the birds!
[na-ši-ma DU]B.N[AM.TAR.]MEŠ ilíMEŠ q[a- This is He who bears the Tablet of Destinies
tuš-šu] of the gods in his hand!»
[šum-tu šir-an i?qašti šil-ta-hu ul it-hu-u ana The bow-thong was weakened; arrows
zu-um-ri-šu' could not come near his body.
u[š-ha-ri-ir-ma qab-la ik-ta-li tu-qu-un-tu] The battle fell still; the conflict ceased.
100 i[t-ta-ab-ta-lu-ma l?kakkiMEè ina qé-reb sadí 100 Weapons came to rest. In the midst of the
an-za-a ul ik-mu-u ] mountain they did not vanquish Anzu.
is-me-m[a] ldi[nin-ši]-kú a-mat marl-šú When Ninshiku heard the report of his son,
is-s[i-ma dsar-i¿r4] a-ma-ti ú-ma-a>-[á]rl-šu He called Sharur and gave him an order:
šu-un-ni-[m]a ana be-l[i][-ka a-mat zik-ripi- «Repeat to your lord the content of my ut-
ia terance,
mim-m[u]-u a-dab-bu-bu ú-sur a-na [š]á-šú Whatever I say, keep in mind for him:
105 qab-lu-um-ma a-a i-nu-uh šu-kun lit-ka 105 <Let battle not abate, prove your strength!
šu-ni-ih-šu-ma ina mit-hur me-he-e a-p ar- Tire him out, so that at the onslaught of the
šú lid-di hurricane he droops his pinion.
li-q[e'-e-ma be-lu^ ana âr-kat šu-ku-di-ka Take, O Lord, your arrows for a spear, and
Variant readings dard Babylonian recension of Anzu with Old Babylo-

88 id-bu-bu-šú : I [i'd-bu-bu. nian consistency, this occurrence and its parallels in II
ana : so E; F â^-na; I a-na. 130 and III 10 would together provide 4 instances
89 be-lu-um-ma: F [b]e-lu4-um-m[a'. across three text-sources of the second syllable as
la-mi-ma : so E; I la-me-[ma]; F copy apparently -lum/lu4 (or possibly lu in the damaged sign in II 130 in
la KI[MI]N, but read la-m[ï-m'a ■ E), which would be a remarkable consistency in the
90 Lines 90-100 were never included in the text of F. incorrect use of a case-ending,
ka-ra-ši : I k[a-r]a-ši$. (b) the narrative moves at once to the lopping-off of
91-92 I retains only minimal unidentifiable traces. wings, to which the postulated tillum appears to con-
97-100 restored from 66-69 and 82-85; the traces of tribute nothing.
the initial signs in 99 and 100 in E support the For completeness it may be noted that the signs
restoration. could also theoretically be read ÚŠ.LUM, which might
104 mim-m[u]-u: so E; F mim-'mu-]ûX denote some sort of blood used magically, but no such
compound logogram is attested, and such a reading
a-dab-bu-bu : E a-dab-bu-b[u ]; F a[d'-dab-bu-bu.
106 šu-ni-ih-šu-ma : so F; E šu-ni-ih-šum-ma. would also face objection (b) above, as well as the
107 li-q[e'-e-ma: so E; F li-q[ê'-e-ma. problem that Ninurta had already been told (II 10) to
put poison on his arrows.
ár-kàt : so E; F ar-[k]a-át (for this reading see
AHw 1467b, (w)arkat 4). be-lu± is taken as nominative used with vocative
sense; see GAG § 62j Anm. The only possible objection:
Textual Notes to this interpretation is that the term is used by Nin-
shiku in II 107 with reference to Ninurta, who was
Line 107) be-lu 4. The possible alternative reading junior to til-
him. But this objection has no substance,
lum encounters two difficulties: since the words Ninshiku utters are words to be said
(a) the noun would be direct object of the verb leqû, by Sharur, from whose mouth «Lord» would be an
and although case-endings are not used in the Stan- appropriate form of address to Ninurta. Cont'd p. 18.
Archiv für Orientforschung XXXIII • 2
18 H. W. F. Saggs
nu-u[k-k]is Lop off his pinions!

ab-re-e-šu Dash (them) u
im-na to right
šu-me-
u>-im and left!
lit-tul-ma kap-pa-a-šú [l]it-ba-la zi-kir pi-i- When he catches sight of his two wings, let
šú him bring against himself his formula.
110 kap-pa a-na kap-pi i-šes-si i tap-làh-sú 110 «Wing (come back) to wing!», he will cry.
Do not fear him!
tu-lul ina i-rat i?qastiü-ka lil-li-ku Draw! From the breast of your bow, let
there come
qa-nu-ú bir-qí A reed-arrow (as) lightning.
ab-ru kap-pi kí kur-da-me lim-mil-lu Let pinion (and) wing dance like butterflies.
su-ri-ih nap-šat-su an-za-a ku-mu-ma Destroy his life! Vanquish Anzu!
115 šá-a-ru kap-pi-su a-na bu-us-ra-ti lib-lu-ni 115 Let the winds carry his wings for good ti-
dings
bi-tus lì1. KUR a-na si-ir a-bi-ka denlil To the exalted one, your father Enlil, to his
house Ekur.
sá-de-e qer-bi-su-nu ri-hi-is dul-lih-ma Hurry and drench the midst of the moun-
tains!
lem-na an-za-a i-ki-is nap-šat-su Cut the throat of evil Anzu!
sar-ru-tu li-r[u]-bu a-na É.KUR Let the kingship re-enter Ekur.
120 a-na a-bi r a^-li-di-ka li-tu-ru pár-si 120 Let the established order return to the
lib-š[u]-ma lib-ba-nu pa-rak-ki Let shrines exist, let them be created.
Variant readings Textual Notes
108 ab-re-e-šu : so F; E ab-re-šu. Line 107) ana ár-kàt. Possible interpretations of the
u : so F; E ù. phrase (found also in II 130 and III 10) are:
šu-me-lď: E copy šu-me-šu ; F copy šu-m[e-n]a.
109 kap-pa-a-šú : so F; E kap-pa-šu. (i) «after (you have already shot)», as Hruška, Anzu ,
zi-kir : so F; E si-kir. p. 159.
110 tap-láh-šú : so F; E tap-láh-šu; O ta-ap-la-ah-šu.
109-110 These lines, which are duplicated by lines (ii) «behind (Anzu)»; AHw 1467b, (w)arkat 4. But
there seems to be no close parallel for such a usage.
132-133, are represented in text O by rev. 2-3.
111 ina : so F; E i-na. Moreover, there is the problem of why lequ is used for
*qaštia-ka: E [GIŠ.BA]Nří-/ca; F [GI]Š!.[BA]N-/ca.
shooting an arrow instead of talãlu , and the further
112 qa-nu-ú bir-qí: so F; E qa-nu-ú fù1 bir-qí. difficulty that III 14 ff. shows that after Anzu's wings
113 kap-pi: so F; E kap-pa. had been cut off the weapons which hit him, hit him in
kur-da-me: in the parallel line 136, G reads KUR front, not behind.
ÚŠ. On the basis of this, E. Reiner, RA 48, 148,
followed by CAD, M/2, 16b and K, 564a, in G (iii) «backwards», with the implication that since
read kur-mit «butterfly», taking kur-da-me as Anzu's magic reversed the course of arrows directed
a variant spelling with metathesis. against him, it would be inoperative against an arrow
lim-mil-lu: so F; E li-mil-lu. shot backwards. But there is no independent evidence
115 šá-a-ru: so E; F šá-*a}-ri. for such a usage of the phrase.
kap-pi-šu: so E; F kap-pi-šú.
bu-us-ra-ti: so E; F bu-us-ra-te.
(iv) arkat is Status Absolutus of ariktu «spear»
(CAD, A/2, 267b; E. Salonen, StOr 33 (1963), 84, «eine
116 si-ir: E [s]i-ir' F si-ri.
Art Lanze»). A parallel grammatical usage is adduced
117 qer-bi-su-nu: so F; E qer-bit-s[u-n]u.
in GAG Ergänzungsheft (AnOr 47), § 62 f. The occurr-
dul-lih-ma: O du-ul-li-ih ! (see AHw 153a).
ence of ina for ana in III 10 is not against this interpre-
177-122 It is possible that the section of O placed here
tation, in view of the frequent interchange between ina
belongs with one of the parallel occurrences of
and ana in prepositional use; see CAD, I/J, 141b, ina
this passage. lex.
118 i-ki-iš: O according to Scheil li-ši-it, according to
Nougayrol te-ši-it. Line 109) kap-pa-a-šú. A dual form. The variant
nap-šat-su: O na-ap-ša-[a]s-sú. kap-pa-šu here and in other passages is therefore
120 fai-li-di-ka: O wa-li-di-ka. probably also intended as a dual form, although the
pár-si: F par-s[i]' O pa-ar-s[u ]. non-dual kappišu also occurs.
121 pa-rak-ki: O, according to Scheil's copy (RALine 35,
109) [l]it-ba-la zi-kir pi-i-šú. Parallels occur in
23, rev. 9), pa-ra-ak-[k]i , but according
II 132to
and III 12. See also below p. 22.
ina kib-rat er-bet-ti ši-[ta]k-ka-na ma-h[a'- Set up your sanctu

zi-ka world regions!
m[a-h]a-zu-ka l[i]-ru-bu a-na É.KUR Let your sanctuaries enter into Ekur.
šit-r[a-a]h ina ma-[har i]lïMEè ga[š-r]u lu-uMake yourself glorious before the gods! Let
šum(MU)-k[a] your name be «The Mighty One».»>
125 d[šar-ur4 u]š-ki[n-ma i]l-qé te[r]-t[a] 125 Sharur did obeisance, and accepted the
command.
ši-pir ta-ha-z[i' i[ť-b]ď-la a-n[a p]ď-na [be- He bore the instructions for the fight before
l]í-šú his lord;
mim-'mu'-^û} áé-a id-[bu-b]u ú-šá-n[a] r al- Whatever Ea had told him, he repeated to
na šá-šú him:
qab-l[u-u]m-[m]a a-a i-n[u-u]h š[u-k]un «Let battle not abate, prove your strength!
[l]it-ka
šu-ni-i[h-š]u-m[a] ina [mit-hur] me-he-e a- Tire him out, so that at the onslaught of the
par-šú lid-di hurricane he droops his pinion.
130 l[i-q]e-e-ma b[e-l]u± ta^-na [a]r-[k]at/[k]át 130 Take, O Lord, your arrow for a spear, and
šu-[k]u-di-k[a'
[nu-uk-k]is ap-re-[e-š]u i[m-n]a [u] š[u-m]e- Lop off his pinions! Dash (them) to right
[l'ď ruî-ilm] and left!
lit-tul-ma kap-pa-šú lit-bal zi-kir pi-i-šú When he catches sight of his two wings, let
him bring against himself his formula.
kap-pa ana kap-pa i-šes-si Hv [ tap-lá]h-šu <Wing (come back) to wing!>, he will cry. Do
not fear him!
tu-lul ina i-rat i?qasti-ka li[l-l]i-ku Draw! From the breast of your bow, let
there come
135 qa-nu-u [bi]r-qu 135 A reed-arrow (as) lightning.
ap-ru kap-pa kí kur-mit li-mil-lu Let pinion (and) wing dance like butterflies.
šu-ri-ih nap-šat-su an-za-â) k[u'-mu-ma Destroy his life! Vanquish Anzu!
šarúMEŠ kap-pa-šú a-na bu-us-ra-a-ti li[b- Let the winds carry his wings for good ti-
l]u-u-ni dings
bi-tuš Ě.KUR ana s[i]-ir a-bi-ka denlil To the exalted one, your father Enlil, to his
house Ekur.
140 šadée qer-bit-su-nu ri-hi-i[s dul-li]h-ma 140 Hurry and drench the midst of the moun-
tains!
Variant readings 134 tu-lul' so G and (broken) E; R tuA-lul.

ina : so G; E i-[n'a' R, if correctly copied, ana , but
Nougayrol's collation (RA 45, 94, III 70), pa-ra-
copy may be an error for Hv-[na'.
ak-[ki-k]a.
l*qašti-ka: so G; E either [qa-áš-t]i-k[a' or
122 ši-[ta]k-ka-na ma-h[a]-zi-ka : F -[k]ď-n[a . . . z]i-
["qaštvy-kla].
li, providing the basis for restoration [ši-tak-
135 qa-nu-u [ bi]r-qa : so R; E qa-nu-u at end of line
k'a--n[a ma-ha-z)i-kď ; O ši-ta-ka-an ma-ha-zi-
134. In the parallel passage 111-112 both E and
i-k[a'.
F make a separate line of this phrase.
er-bet-ti : O [er-be-]et-tam.
136 ap-ru : so E and R; G ap-ri.
124 lu-u : F lu.
kur-mit : so G; E [ . . . -d'a-me. For the reading see
124/125 Horizontal dividing line: present in F but not ad 113 above.
in E. li-mil-lu : so E; G lim-m[il-lu].
126 [be-l'í-šú: so E; F E[N]-[Su/5ú]. 137 šu-ri-ih : so E and R; G su-ri-ih.
127 ú-šá-n[a] ¡a^-na šá-šú: so F; E presumably [ ú-šá -138 sãrwME^: so R; E šá-a-ru ; G šá-a-ri.
an]-na-šu. kap-pa-šú: so G; E [ kap-p]a-a-[š]u? ; R kap-pi-šú.
139 bi-tuš : so R; G bltutu-uš' E copy gives mu-tuš in
130 šu-[k]u-di-k[a]: F [šu-k]u-di-k[a]' E šu-[u]k-di-
area of damage, reasonably taken as an error
k[a]. for M-tuš.
132-147 These lines were never represented in F. F has ana : so R; E and G a-na.
a horizontal dividing line after 131, not rep- 140 šadée : so R; E M-d[i-z?/e?]; G ša-di-i.
resented in the other recensions.
Textual Notes
133 ana: so G and R; E [a-n]a. Line 137) šu-ri-ih. See above, note on II 17.
2*
/';-=09 )(8* =-0/']
lem-na-a an-za-a i-kis

Cut the throat of evil Anzu! [nap-šat-s]u
šarru-ú-tu 4 li-ru-bu
Let the kingship re-enter ra1-[na
Ekur. É.K]U
Let the established
ana a-bi a-li-di-ka order return to the
[li-tu-r]u par-s[i
Let shrines exist, let them[pa-rak]-ki
lib-šu-ma lib-ba-nu-ú be created.
145 ina kib-rat erbettiti
145 Set ši-ta[k-k]a-
up your sanctuaries throughout the four
ka world regions!
ma-ha-zu-ka l[i-ru-bu a]-na É.KU
Let your sanctuaries enter into Ekur.
šit-ra-ah ina mah-ri [zZžMEŠ]
Make yourself glorious before the gods! Let ga
šum(MU)-ka your name be <The Mighty One>.»
The Lord
iš-me-ma be-lu^ heard the command
a-mat of Ea-Nin=
ídl [é^-a dnin
shiku.
ig-ru-ur He writhed with rage,
ir-ta-û-ub he was furious, he
šá-du-us-su ik-
made his way to his (Anzu's) mountain.
150 be-luA 150 The Lord harnessed the Seven-Battles.
uš-ta-as-bi-ta se-bet qab-
qar-ra-du uš-ta-as-bi-ta se-bet IM. The Hero harnessed the Seven Tempests,
HUL. [M] E Š
mu-um-mil-lat ep-ri s[e]?-b[et]? a-[š]am-šá- The seven Dust Devils which make the dust
a-tu swirl.
id-ka-a a-na-an-[tu na-an-dur-tu] He mustered Furious Attack,
tu-qu-un-t[ú iq-ru ] He summoned Combat.
155 tam-ha-ru-šu i-[du-us-su i-qu-lu ziq-ziq-quAt] his side for his battle Gale attended.
tup-pi II KÁM.MA [bi-in šar da-ád-me] Tablet II of «Son of the king of habitations».
ŠU.NI[GIN] rir U[Š XX]XrV! Total 155 lines.
Variant readings se-bet qab-li : so E; F s[e]-bet-[t]u¿ [q]ab-li.

141 lem-na-a : so R; G lem-nu. 151 uš-ta-as-bi-ta : R uš-ta-as-b[i-ta'' F uš-te-es-bi-ta.
142 šarru-ú-tuA' so R; G šarru-ut-ka (collated; the IM.HUL.[M]EŠ: R [ . . . . M]EŠ; E,F IM.HUL.
second sign is UD over an erasure). 152 a-[š]am-šá-a-tu : E [a^-[ša]m-šá-a-tu ; F a-ša[m'-
143 ana : so R; G a-na. šu-tu.
a-bi : so R; G ahi. 153-155 Restored from lines II 33-34. Not included in
144 lib-šu-ma : G lib-š[u]-ma (collated). either E or F, both of which have two incised
lib-ba-nu-u : R lib-ba-[nu-uVú/]; G líb-ba-nu-^ú}. horizontal dividing lines followed by a col-
150 uš-ta-as-bi-ta: R uš-ta-as-bi-[ta'' F uš-te-es-bi-ta. ophon.
Anzu Tablet III

rxi
Which/of . . .
šá a[k' na rx1 m[a]- š[á] {av-n[a]~ rxn
To bring
ap-l[u]-ha-nu de-ke-e rxi . . .the armour into action . . .
Destruction was
na-áš-p[an]-tú šu-tam-hu-sa-at . wrought
. . by the constant
counter-blows . . .
5 an-[q]u-lu na-pi-ih-te-š[u' . .its. glow . . .
5 The blaze,
Textual Notes ken state, the reading of the third sign is not beyond
challenge, there seems to be no other restoration com-
Join at beginning of Tablet III. The physical patible with state the oftraces which would give a noun likely
the tablet in the area of the join at III 1inproves the context, that the it traces are wholly consistent with
was already broken before it was burnt.the The restoration
fragment offered, and Ninurta is associated with
bearing text sections 0, x and v is blackened the noun restored;
right up see refs. in CAD, N/2, 30a, end of
to the point of join, whereas the other fragment,(b). bear-
ing text sections e, i, X and 'i, is free Line of 4)signs of For the form and meaning
šu-tam-hu-sa-at.
burning at the point of join and for some proposed
way see CAD,
in.M/l, 84a.
Line 3) ap-l[u]-ha-nu. Plural of apluhtu Line; 5)see AHw For the morphology of the
na-pi-ih-te-š[u].
58b-59a. noun napihtu, apparently not previously attested, see
GAG
Line 4) na-áš-p[an]-tú. Although, because of its § 55 f, 5b, III; and for use of the verbal root in
bro-
22 H. W. F. Saggs
ana er-[b]et-ti šariMEŠ me-hu-u

To the four winds, the storm- wind . . . s[w]?
The weapons he commanded
l?kakkïMEè ut-ta-ê-ru su-l[u]l (were) protec-
hur-ba-
tion (from) the terror.
zu-û-u-ut tam-ha-ru ir-ta-mu-ku ki-lal-la- Both were bathed in the sweat of battle.
an
i-na-ah-ma an-zu-û ina mit-hur me-he-e a- Anzu grew tired; at the onslaught of the
par-šú id-di storm-wind he drooped his pinion.
10 il-qé-e-ma be-lu± ina âr-kàt šu-uk-di-šú 10 The Lord took his arrows in (the manner of)
a spear,
ú-nak-kis ap-re-e-šú im-na u su-me-la û-ra-He lopped off his pinions, he dashed (them)
) i-im to right and left.
it-t[ul'-ma kap-pa-su it-ba-la zik-ri pi-i-šú When he (Anzu) caught sight of his two
wings, he brought against himself his for-
mula.
kap-pa ana kap-pa ki-i il-su-u qa-nu-u i-se -Just as he cried «Wing (come back) to
ha-áš-šú wing!», a dart sprang up at him,
šil-ta-hu i-bi-ra bu-un llb-bi-šu A javelin passed through the front of his
heart.
15 ap-ru kap-pu ú-še-bi-ra su-ku-da 15 He (Ninurta) made an arrow pass through
pinion and wing;
lib-ba u ha-se-e i-bir (glossed -nar) sïl-ta-hu A javelin passed through [glossed «slew»]
heart and lungs.
i-nar hur-sa-a-ni qer-bi-su-nu šam-ri-tu ir-He slew the Mountains; he drenched their
hi-is wild terrain.
18a dninurta i-nar hur-sa-a-ni 18a Ninurta slew the Mountains;
18b qer-bit-su-nu sam-ri-tu ir-hi-is 18b He drenched their wild terrain.
Variant readings (as Ea foresees and as it comes about) he can only think
9 O rev. 16 (RA 35, 23, edited in RA 46, 96 as line of a very shortened form of his formula - or simply cry
77) may correspond to this line, reading (as out in distress, kappa ana kappi being not much more
restored by Nougayrol) [xxxx an-z]u-um i-nathan the well known kappi kappl, the cry of a bird.
Anzu at this moment had completely forgotten the
mi-it-hu-ur me-hi-im a-bar-[šu im-qú-ut].
10 šu-uk-di-šú : K šu-ku-di-šu. feather which, as we know from the first part of the
12 zik-ri pi-i-šú : K 'zi-k]ir pi-i-šu. story, was fastened to the end of each arrow as a
stabiliser. But his cry had the result that these feath-
13 i-še-ha-áš-šú : K i-tir ha-pa-šu (collated), perhaps
an ancient corruption of i-ših-ha-áš--šu. ers, fastened to the arrow as if grown out of it, also
18a, 18b Since K, which preserves the ends of lines came home to him, by the arrow piercing his body.
So the end of the story is really also a kind of riddle,
6-23, bears nothing corresponding to the end of
Cont'd, p. 23. and some difficulties in the text may well be intention-
al ambiguities: we can picture vividly the listeners
Textual Notes looking at first puzzled, and then laughing, under-
standing, and explaining it to each other; or even, a less
association with anqulu (aqqullu) see text adduced in
delightful thought, school-teachers asking again and
CAD, N/1, 263b, bottom. Or, alternatively, na-pi-ih te-
again «how was it that Anzu was slain»?
H. Hirsch.
Line 13) i-še-ha-áš-šú. Taken as Preterite Ventive +
suffix from šáhu, AHw 1224b. Line 14) bu-un. The translation «the front of» is
The editors are grateful to the author based on the equation IGI = bu-nu ; see CAD, B 320a
for discussing
lex.
with them some details of this interesting text. I am
especially obliged to him for allowing meLine to 16) gloss -nar, element in inãr explaining ibir.
incorpo-
The vertical
rate into his article some thoughts about the end ofof the gloss nar is only 1 mm high, as
the
evil Anzu and another example of Ea'sagainstwisdom. 2 mm The
for the height of verticals in standard
task for Ea was formidable, for Anzu was writing within the -text.
invincible
if he could not be induced either to forget Line
his 17)formula
hur-sa-a-ni. Clearly this term has a per-
sonified
or to use it inadvertently in a way harmful sense here and in the following line. For hur=
to himself,
or a mixture of both. To reach this goalsânu Ea as divine to
seems beings (or a divine being), see CAD, H,
suggest immediate attack, close combat, 255a (c), although
certainly noCAD ad loc. links the term with
huršánu «water ordeal» rather than with huršánu
use of the bow any more, maybe even the hiding of the
«mountain range».
arrows. When Anzu sees his feathers whirl around him
ir-hi-is In his wrath he drenched

UŠ-zu-uš-šú the wide world;
ersetutú ra-p
20 ir-hi-is 20 He drenched the
qé-reb midst of the Mountains.
hur-sa-a-ni lem
nar-ma When he had slain the evil Anzu,
qar-ra-du ánínurta tup-šímátiMEŠ The Hero Ninurta
iZž(DIN=restored the Tablet of
GIR.DINGIR) qa-tuš-šú ut-tir Destinies of the gods to his hand.
[a]na it-ti šá bu-us-ra-ti-šú For a sign of his good tidings
kap-pi an-zi-i ú-bil šá-a-ru The wind bore away the wings of Anzu.
i-mur-ma it-ta-šú dda-gan ih-du When he saw his sign, Dagan was glad.
25 is-si-ma nap-har iliMEŠ ha-diš i-zak-kar 25 He (Dagan) called all the gods and happily
announced:
dan-nu-um-ma ut-ta-â-ar an-za-a šad-du- «The Mighty One has confronted Anzu in
su his mountain;
The weapons
[ka]k-ki ilïME àa-num u dda-gan qa-tuš-šú ut- of the gods Anu and Dagan he
tir has restored to his hand.
raMz/c šu-ma lil-lik-an-na-a-ši Come! Let him, himself, come to us.
lih-di lim-mi-lil ni-gu-ta li-pu-uš Let him be glad; let him make merry; let
him make music.
30 Let him stand with the gods his brothers
30 l[i'-mid itti illMEŠ ahhlMEŠ-šú-ma pi-riš-tú
liš-me and hear the Mystery.
[Zžs?-me?-m]a? šá iliMEš pi-riš-tú Let him (Ninurta) hear the Mystery of the
gods;
[ina1 à! -nun? -ri'ď -ku itti ¿Zz(DINGIR.DIN= Within the supreme pantheon with the gods
GIR) ahhiMEŠ-šú-ma li-qis-su par-si his brothers, let him (Anu?) bestow on him
(authority over) the established order.
[dDN pi]-H^-šú ipuš-ma i-qab-bi The god DN opened his mouth and spoke,
[ď-nď] 'd'da-gan amata izakkaràT To Dagan he uttered a pronouncement:
35a [inď sa?-la?-hu méMEŠkí šá-di 35a-b «By saturating with water, when he flayed
35b H^-ku-su maš-ku il-qé Mountain, he took the skin.
[ki]-ma ina qé-reb hur-sa-a-ni lem-na an-za- When he slew the evil Anzu within the cos-
a i-nar-ru mic mountain range,
qar-ra-du dninurta tup-šlmatiMEŠ ilï(DlN=The Hero Ninurta restored the Tablet of
GIR.DINGIR) qa-tuš-šú ut-tir Destinies of the gods to his hand.
šup-ra-áš-šum-ma lil-li-ka-ak-ka Send to him! Let him come to you!
Variant readings Line 26) ut-ta-â-ar. Taken as from wa?aru (entered

18a of R but retains the end of 18b, the words in CAD, A/2, 318a as âru) «to go, confront», not from
na?aru «to roar».
represented by 18a and 18b in R must have
constituted a single line in K. The numbering of Lines 35a, 35b) Perhaps salãhu. I had previously
the lines in R by the marginal U for «10» and restored mahãhu, drawing the following conclusions,
«20» does not correspond to the number of lines which are still valid for salãhu. mêMEÔ kî šadí iküsu
now existing on R, and so indicates that R was mašku ilqe «... water, when he flayed Mountain, he
copied from a text on which, as with K, 18a and took the skin» is assured, and there are very few words
18b comprised parts of one line. ending in -hu which would give any sense before these
19 ra-pa-áš-tú : K [ra-pa-á]š-tu4 (collated). six words. The repeated mention of Ninurta drenching
22 bu-us-ra-ti-šú : K preserves only the final sign of the mountains shows that one of the elements in the
the line, -^1, possibly the end of [bu-us-ra-ti]- myth was meteorological, with reference to rainfall in
H' the Zagros, the only mountains pertinent to a myth
23 šá-a-ru : K presumably [TUi5.M]EŠ. which originated in south Iraq. The rainfall in the
Textual Notes
Zagros is up to 60 inches per year (Geographical
Handbook Series, Persia (1945), 29), and as soon as the
Line 19) UŠ-zu-uš-šú . If the copy isZagros
correct,
began tothe
be exploited for its timber in the third
millennium,
reading can hardly be other than úz-zu-uš-š this rainfall must have caused consider-
ú, locative-
adverbial «in his anger», although the value
able soil
úzerosion.
for US It is thus tentatively suggested that
«taking the
is otherwise attested only in Old Babylonian andskin of Mountain» was a mythological
Old
Assyrian; see von Soden, Syllabar 2, no. expression
138. for soil erosion.
24 H. W. F. Saggs
tup-šimatiMEŠLet him place the Tablet of Destinies

liš[-ku-na ina in bur-k
your lap.»
40 denlil pí-šú40 Enlil opened his mouth and spoke;i-qab-bi
ipuš-ma
ana dnuski sukkallí-šú amata izakkarár To Nusku his vizier he uttered a command:
dnusku si-i ka-me-taš «Nusku, go outside!
dbir-du šu-ri-ba ana pãnl-ia Bring in Birdu into my presence!»
dnusku ú-si ka-me-taš Nusku went outside,
45 dbir-du ul-te-ri-ba ana mah-ri denlíl 45 He brought Birdu in before Enlil.
denlil pí-šú Ipuš-ma i-qab-b[i] Enlil opened his mouth and spoke;
[a]na dbir-di amãta izakkará[r] He uttered a command to Birdu:
[dbi]r-[d]u [l]u-uš-pur-ka Zu-W-W . . . «Birdu, I am going to send you with a mes-
sage. Let me . . .
Textual Notes
Lines 42, 44) ka-me-taš. This form from kamïtu is

en
«outside» is apparently not previously attested, but it
Since III 45-48 has Enlil giving Birdu instruc- du

tions to go to Ninurta, and K, col.fewII, lines
2'ff.break
(= after
III the former, so that x is
x+51ff.) has Ninurta in conversation probably
with not Bir-
less than 2 nor more than 5.
x+50
x+50 [x] [x' rxi rxi
x+51 dninurta pa-a-š[u Ninurt

ipuš-ma i-qab-bi]
x+52 He uttered a word to Birdu:izakkar]
a-na dbir-du [a^-[ma-ta
x+53 x+ 53-54 «Birdu, why ?]
dbir-du a-na an-[nV-iš did you come here in this
x+54 mi-na-a šam-riš tal-lï-[ka] impetuous way?»
x+55 dbir-du pa-a-šu H^-[pu-uš-ma i-qab-bi] x+55 Birdu opened his mouth and spoke;
x+56 a-na ,d'nin[urta] be-l[í-š]u r a^-[ma-ta He uttered a word to Ninurta his lord:
izakkar]
x+57 be-li a-na ka-a-šá rx1 . . . «My Lord, to you . . .
x+58 denlil abü-ka iš-pu-ra-an-n[i] Enlil your father sent me with a message,
x+59 um-ma-a iš-mu-ú ¿¿ü(DINGIR.[DINGIR7 Thus: <The gods have heard
MES7])
x+60 [k]i-i ina qé-reb hur-sa-a-ni lem-na an[- x+60 That you slew the evil Anzu in the midst
za-a tanãruV takmiC] of the Mount ains>.
x+61 [i]h-du-^v} i-ri-šu ù ri1- . . . They were glad and rejoiced and so . . .
x+62 ina mah-ri-k[a ú/-š]a?-[l]i-ku-ni rù1? . . . They made me come before you and ...»
x+63 a-lik-šum-ma . . . x [i]s-x . . . x+63 Go to him (Enlil7)!
x+64 li-ih-d[u] Let him be glad
x+65 li-is-¡xi x+65
Let him hear

x+66 liš-m[i]
x+67 rx1
Ninurta
x+68 dninur[ta] rx1
x+69 mi-na-a ta[š]- Why did you
x+70 When / That

x+70 ki-i ša m[a]-
The Tablet of Destinies
x+71 'tu]p-šlmátiMEé-ma ú-W
x+72 ... V
x+73 ... [m]ď a-šak-k[an]? ... I will place
x+74 ... rxi pa-ni-i[a] . . . my presence
x+75 x+75
The lacuna in tablet R between the end of i the sa

and the beginning of x must be approximately 67) an
lines. x l1
must is numbered in the margin as a multiple of 10,be
therefore app
49 + 66 + 1 = line 116 of Anzu III. x 81 must be
and its exact numeration may therefore be taken
as III 120. X l1 is therefore III 113.
approximately line 123 of Anzu III, but this line
113
113
115 ... W it-ta-šú šá 115

qar-ra-di
By virtue
[ina li]b-bi dan-nu-ti-šú lem-naof his might,
an-za-a may h
lit-
t a- at- tal evil Anzu.
qar-ra-du ina dan-nu-ti-ka šadée ta-nar-ru O Hero, (who) by your might slew the
Mountains,
tak-me an-za-a ta-nar-ra dan-nu-us-su You bound Anzu, you did slay his might.
mu-up-par-šá an-za-a ta-nar-ra dan-nu-{ti}-
O the winged Anzu, you did slay his might.
us-su
120 Because you were heroic and so slew the

120 áš-šu taq-tar-du-ma sadêe ta-na-ru
Mountains,
kul-lat na-ki-ri tu-šak-ni-šá ana You have
sepè 11made all enemies submit to the
abi-
ka àenlil feet of your father Enlil.
áninurta áš-šu taq-tar-du-ma šadée ta-nar-ru O Ninurta! Because you were heroic and so
slew the Mountains,
kul-lat na-ki-ri tu-šak-ni-šá ana šepě 11 abî- You have made all enemies submit to the
ka denlíl feet of your father Enlil;
bê-lu-ta tag-da-mar kul-lat gim-ri par-si You have come into full possession of lord-
ship, the totality of the established order.
125 man-nu šá ki-ma ka-a-ta ib-ba-nu-u pa-ra - 125 Who is there by whom, as by you, the estab-
as šadí lished order of the Mountains was created?
šu-tap-pu šar-ku-ka pa-rak ilíMEš š i-ma-a-tiO comrade! Shrines with the gods of des-
tinies are bestowed on you.
ánisaba im-bu-u šu-luh-ú-ka They have called (you in respect to) your
purification rites «Nisaba».
Your name in the furrow they have called
šum(MXJ)-ka ina absinni( AB.SÍN) im-bu-u
ánin-gír-su «Ningirsu».
uš-ma-an-du-ka re-û-ut mšžMEš ga-mir-tú They have assigned to you the complete
shepherding of the people.
130 šum(M'J)-ka se-ne-e rxn-ZA id-di-nu ana 130 Your name «He who guides the flocks» they
šarru-ú-ti gave (in respect) to kingship.
id-di-nu šum(MU)-ka ina mat e-la-ma-ti dhu- They gave your name in Elam as «Hurabtil»,
rab-til
[ï'na a'šwšin(MÚŠ.ŠÉŠ) dšušinak(MÍJŠ.ŠÉŠ) In Susa they call you «Shushinak».
i-qab-bu-ka
[šu]m(MXJ)-ka ina ¡e^-ne áa-nim[ id-di-nu běl Your name in the guise of Anu they gave as
pirišti(AD. HAL) «Lord of the Mystery».
Textual Notes difficult Št pass, of (w)apû(m) with reference to šapu
Lines 117-120, 122) ta-nar-ru, ta-nar-ra,II ta-nar-ra, Dt 1.
ta-na-ru, ta-nar-ru. The verbs are formally Line 129) uš-ma-an-du-ka.
Present in Taken as 3 pl. Preterite +
117-119 and 122, and Preterite in 120. However, suffix ofin ŠDthetheme from (w)adû «to know» (AHw
duplicated couplet 120-121 and 122-123, which is 1454b), with nasalisation of the doubled radical as in
otherwise identical in its two occurrences except for D theme of the cognate medů (AHw 640a). Corres-
the addition of the name Ninurta in 122, there is a ponding ŠD Preterites occur in Old Babylonian text N
variation between ta-na-ru and ta-nar-ru , and this (RA 35, 21, Tabi. 2 (rev.), lines 9, 10 = RA 46, 90, lines
may suggest that the difference between forms of nêru 49, 50).
with -r- and -rr- were matters of orthography and that Line 131) dhu-rab-til. A form of the name of the
the scribe was not indicating subtleties related to Elamite god Lahuratil, already known as a persona of
change of tense. Ninurta; see WdM , I, 54.
Line 126) šu-tap-pu. Or a verb in the stative, in Line 133) le1 -ne. Taken as Infinitive enû used in
hendiadys with šar-ku-ka, see AHw 1460a for the sense «to serve as a substitute»; see CAD, E, 176a(f).
/';-=09 )(8* =-0/']
. . . tei . . . rx"! la1 ~[lc]a ina iZž(DINGIR

GIR) ahhiMEŠ-ka brothers.
135 135
Your name in ... is «He Who Goes Before».

[šum (MU) -/ca dPA.BIL.SAG They gave your name as «Pabilsag» in (the
i'd-di-nu ina
É.GAL.MAH temple) É.GAL.MAH.
[šum(MU)-ka . . . im-b]u-u ina They called your name «. . .» in Ur.
ún(ŠEŠ.UNUG)KI
[si¿rn(MU)-ka dni]n-a-[z]u id-di-nu ina They gave your name as «Ninazu» in
É. KUR. M AH É. KUR. MAH.
140 . . . r x^-nu-ka i-lit-ta-ka dDUR.AN.KI 140 . . . your . . ., your birth (from/in) Duranki.
. . . rx"i rxi? rdlžš£arán(KA.DI) i-qab-bu-ka In . . . they call you «Ishtaran».
. . . W dza-ba4-ba4 In . . . they give your name as «Zababa».
. . . H^-nam-bu-u zi-kir-šú «. . .» in ... they proclaim as his designa-
tion.
. . . ídlenh7 eZz(UGU) ka-la ilïMEè qar-ra-du-ut-. . . like Enlil over all the gods is your
ka heroism.
145 . . . ixi šu-tur ilu-ti-ka 145 . . . surpassing is your godhead.
. . . -is? ad-lul-ka ... I gave you praise.
[šum(MU)-ka i-n]a áíNI.ŠUR id-di-nu Your name in the city NI. SUR they gave as
dLUGAL.BÀN.DA «Lugalbanda».
[šura(MU)-/ca] dLUGAL.MARAD.DA zd-di- Your name «King of Marad» they gave in
nu ina É. GIS. KAL AM. M A the temple É . GIS . KAL AM .MA.
[šum(MU)-ka i-n]a É.SIKIL.LA id-di-nu Your name in the temple É.SIKIL.LA they
qarrãd( UR. SAG) dtišpa/c(SUH) gave as «the hero Tishpak».
150 . . . rx! žna ãlbu-bé-e ina É.NIM.MA.AN.KÙ150 Your name «. . .» they gave in the city Bube
[šum(MXJ)-ka ga]rrãd([UÍR.SAG) in the temple É.NIM.MA.AN.KÙ.
uri¿[/c](UNU[G.K]I) im-bu-u ina kullab They called your name «Hero of Uruk» in
(KUL.UNUG.KI) Kullab.
. . .[b]u'--kùr ábe-l[i]t-i-lí ummï(AMA)-ka . . . Firstborn of Belit-ili your mother.

. . . [si¿ra?(MU)-/c]a? bel pu-lu-uk-ki . . . your name «Lord of the Boundary».
. . . dFAP-u-tú É!.ŠÁ.RA . . . divine guardianship of Eshara.
155 ... tei AŠ KUR im-bu-u 155
rx1 ¡xV-[k'ď dPAP.SUKKAL a-lik mah-ri . . . your name «Papsukk

Before».
rxi EN su-tu-ru ina ilïMEè sumïMEè-ka ma-â- O Lord, your names are greatly surpassing
diš amongst the gods.
[bel]- [p]ak-ka-ta-ma le-ya-a-ta ra-sub-ba-ta You are Lord of Understanding, you are the
Most Able, you are the Awe-inspiring One.
Textual Notes
Line 136) rai?-[7z]/c? ma[h-r]i' A translation Either theof form here means «your place (or «your
IGI.DU, which is particularly used of Palil, source») of birth», or it is a scribal error for àlidika or
although
also of other gods, including Nergal; see refs. in the like.
Borger, Zeichenliste , p. 173, and line 156 below. For Line 141) áistarãn{ KA.DI). See W. G. Lambert,
dIGI.DU and equivalences, see CT 24, pl. 36, lines 5 Iff. ZA 59 (1969), 100-103. Since Ishtaran was the chief
Line 137) dPA.BIL.SAG. This is the obvious restora- god of Der (op. cit., 100), the missing part of the line
tion, in view of the fact that É.GAL.MAH was the presumably named Der. For a possible reading Satta-
temple of Ninisin of Isin (RLA, II, 277), and that ran, see D. Charpin, Archives familiales, 291b.
Pabilsag, well-known as one of the deities identified Line 147) ÓÍNI.ŠUR. I have not identified this city.
with Ninurta, was consort of this goddess. Line 149) É.SIKIL.LA. The temple of Tishpak in
Line 139) É. KUR. MAH. Ekurmah was equated with Eshnunna; see RLA, II, 477.
Ehursagkalamma (ŠL, II, no. 324, 214), a temple in Line 150) ãlbu-bé-e. See RLA, II, 73 f.
Kish. However, as Zababa, who was strongly linked Line 154) dPAP -u-tú. For PAP = nasãru, as basis of
with Kish, is named in line 142, it is possible that the the tentative translation, see CAD, N/2, 34a. Note also
reference here was to an otherwise unknown Ekurmah the value PAP = enlil ; ŠL, II, no. 60,8.
in some other city. Line 156) a-lik mah-ri. See above, line III 136.
Line 140) i-lit-ta-ka. Standing in apposition to Line 158) [bël]- 'p]ak-ka-ta-ma le-ya-a-ta ra-šub-ba-
Duranki, this cannot here mean «your offspring». ta. Stative forms made from substantives; see GAG
28 H. W. F. Saggs
. . . rxi -ka dNin-si-kù danu(

. . . your counsellor DIŠ) abï-ka
Ninshiku, Anu your
father.
160 . . . te1 KUR qab-li
160 u sá-as-me
. . . [m]ull-ti-ir He bestowed
Ě.ášl7/pa-re-e on you
iš-ruk-[k]a t
brings back the sacred p
He called you «... of the
165 165 Your form is like
There is a lacuna which the line-count in the

previous column fixes as 5 lines.
175 175
180
180
Col. 6 Col. 6
l1 I1
21 ...... fx1 za-mar nasha(Zlýa 21
3"
Textual Notes eluding this term is entered in H. Hun

§ 77 a, b. For the basis of the restoration, see AHw lonische und assyrische Kolophone (
812a, [bè]l pakku. Col. 6, line 31) IGI IGI IGI. Possibly
Line 165) ur-gu-la. See AHw 1429a. some cryptic combination of forms f
Col. 6, line l1) mãtha-ni-gal-bat. No colophon in- and barů.
The place of texts L and M (STT I, nos. 23

closely calculated by a comparison with
and 25) in the Anzu myth.
other columns, and can be seen to be ap-
The last line of text K bearing sufficient proximately equal to the number of lines
legible signs to provide a check for overlap between the beginning of section £ in
with another text is that numbered x+71 in col. Ill (= Anzu II, 67) and the line of 0 in
this edition, which, as x is not less than 2, col. IV level with the beginning of section x
must be not less than line 73 of Tablet III. in col. V (approximately Anzu II, 137). Thus
The first line of the next section retained in the lacuna in R immediately before the col-
R is 113 of Tablet III, so that the lacuna here ophon is about 70 lines. This would be suffi-
is less than 40 lines. No part of text L+M cient to accept L+M. However, the subject-
corresponds to any part of the K or R text matter of L+M includes details of Ninurta's
just before or just after the lacuna, and as fight with Anzu, and in terms of action
L+M amounts to 63 legible lines, it cannot belongs much earlier, before the successful
belong in this lacuna. outcome narrated in III 17 ff. Thus L+M can
There is another major loss of text in R,
hardly be a primary part of the myth narra-
between the end of the section in col. V tive in the same recension of the Anzu myth
designated 'i and the beginning of sectionasv R. On the other hand, it could be a form
in col. VI. The length of this lacuna can ofbehymn in honour of Ninurta, appended to
the main narrative and

Obverse, glorifying
col. Ill, line 9' (= Cagni, the go
re-telling his deeds
L'Epopeain another
di Erra, form.
p. 74, line 159): a-li NIN-
Á-GAL na-áš e-se-e šuk-[lu/-lť], «where is
NIN.Á.GAL, who bears the [perfect?] esiïi»
Appendix This is against the restoration proposed by
Significant New Readings in the R W. G. Lambert, AfO 18 (1958), 401. For a
text of the Erra Myth noun esü denoting some wooden object, see
CAD, E, 338a, esû A (asû) and AHw 76b,
Obverse, col. Ill, line 61 (= Cagni, asû(m) II.
L'Epopea di Erra, p. 74, line 156): na-áš pa- Obverse, col. Ill, line 26' (= Cagni,
a-ši dUTUšl eb-bi mu-de-e is-si šá-a-šú «who L'Epopea di Erra, p. 76, line 171): the new
bears the axe of the pure Shamash, who is text supplies the missing verb, completing
acquainted with that weapon». For this sen- the line as mêMEè il-lu-nim-ma i-ba-û ma-a-
se of is(s)u see passages adduced in CAD, tú, «the waters will come up and sweep over
I/J, 218a-b, (c). the land.»

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Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik is collaborating with

Archiv für Orientforschung XXXIII i

and a further subscript

ings, except for Sources

C BM 121087 CT 46, pl. XXXVII, 1 89-97, 99-106

D Sm 1807 + Sm 2195 CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, RA 48, 146 I 98-103, 130-144

E Assur 21506W LKA, pl. 1-4 RA 46, 28-41 II 1-47, 54-58,

G K 3008 CT 46, pl. XXXVII, RA 48, 146-148 11 27-43,132-134,

H 52/218 STTI, pl. XXV, 11 26-29,31,33-38,

I 52/232 STT I, pl. XXIV, 41-72, 74-92

J BM 121060 CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, II 66-76, 78, 80, 81

K K 7923 + K 11565 + CT 46, pl. XXXVIII, III 6-23, 49 + x + 1

L 51/19 A + 37 STT I, Either does not be-

O Suse 3 RA 35, pp. 22 f. RA 46, pp. 94-97 In Old Babylonian

S Sm 1807 + Sm 2195 AfO 27, p. 81 I 107-114

numeration of the final 12 lines of P is taken as

78 I (basic text, A) 1-29

84 III (lines numbered 43-54) 101-112

Conventions for transliteration and tran

70 i-ta-at-tal-ma: A, P (damaged) it-ta-at-tal-ma. 85 ki-is-su: A [k]i-is-sa.

dGÚ.GAL is-su-u mär da-[nim] They summoned Gugal, son of Anu.

Variant readings 211 [DUB.NAM.MEŠ]: restored after P tup-pi-

213 'par-s]i 213 He has taken over theqa-tuš-šú

tup-pi I Tablet I of «Sonbi-in

Variant readings 5 mu-up-par-šá: F mu-u[p]-par-šú.

Variant readings, 1. 6 cont'd. gu-um-mur-tú : E gu-um-mur-ta; F gu-u[m-m]ur-

Variant readings, 1. 15 cont'd. 24 lib-ba-nu-u: E [li]b-ba-nu-ú.

qarrädu uš-ta-as-bit se-bet

Variant readings an-zu-ú: H an-za-a ; N, O omit.

word of his mouth came at him.

Variant readings, 1. 43 cont'd. tion of correspondences between R and the

ga-áš-ru The Mightybu-kúr

Variant readings is-su-ri: so I; E MUŠEN.MEŠ.

Variant readings e-li-šu: so E; I, J e-li-šú ; O (= RA 35, 22, face 16)

ši-pir ta-ha-zi it-ba-la He bore tidings ana dé-a

Variant readings dard Babylonian recension of Anzu with Old Babylo-

Archiv für Orientforschung XXXIII • 2

nu-u[k-k]is Lop off his pinions!

Variant readings Textual Notes

ina kib-rat er-bet-ti ši-[ta]k-ka-na ma-h[a'- Set up your sanctu

Variant readings 134 tu-lul' so G and (broken) E; R tuA-lul.

lem-na-a an-za-a i-kis

Variant readings se-bet qab-li : so E; F s[e]-bet-[t]u¿ [q]ab-li.

Anzu Tablet III

ana er-[b]et-ti šariMEŠ me-hu-u

ir-hi-is In his wrath he drenched

Variant readings Line 26) ut-ta-^a-ar. Taken as from wa?aru (entered

tup-šimatiMEŠLet him place the Tablet of Destinies

Lines 42, 44) ka-me-taš. This form from kamïtu is

Since III 45-48 has Enlil giving Birdu instruc- du

x+51 dninurta pa-a-š[u Ninurt

x+64 li-ih-d[u] Let him be glad

x+65 li-is-¡xi x+65

Let him hear

x+69 mi-na-a ta[š]- Why did you

x+70 When / That

x+73 ... [m]ď a-šak-k[an]? ... I will place

x+74 ... rxi pa-ni-i[a] . . . my presence

The lacuna in tablet R between the end of i the sa

115 ... W it-ta-šú šá 115

120 Because you were heroic and so slew the

. . . tei . . . rx"! la1 ~[lc]a ina iZž(DINGIR