AUTHOR Nimbkar, Jai; Berntsen, Maxine TITLE Marathi Vocabulary Manual. INSTITUTION American Inst. of Indian Studies, New Delhi. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, D.C. International Education. PUB DATE 83 GRANT 008002136 NOTE 186p.; For related documents, see FL 013 712-715. PUB TYPE reference Materials — Vocabularies/Classifications/Dictionaries (134) -- Guides - Classroom Use ~ Materials (For Learner) (051) -- Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171) LANGUAGE ‘= Marathi; English of EDRS PRICE MFO1/PCO8 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Bilingual Instructional Materials; *Marathi; *Native Language Instruction; *Second Language Instruction; DOCUMENT RESUME ED 230 044 . FL 013 711 . *Vocabulary Development IDENTIFIERS *India (Maharashtra) ABSTRACT a This book is part of a set of elementary and intermediate Marathi teaching materials. It consists of three parts: a classified vocabulary, a Marathi-English vocabulary, and an English-Marathi vocabulary. The classified vocabulary presents lists of words the student needs in talking about the natural world and the material culture. The Marathi-English vocabulary contains a basic vocabulary of about 4,000 items and contains all the words used in the companion teaching materials as well as additional words required for intelligent everyday conversations. The English-Marathi vocabulary contains about 4,500 entries. (Author/AMH) IEEE EES ETE SHEE IOC IERIE IO ISITE TIT TTA I II TAIT I * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. | JEU EES IEEE I EGE GO OCU ES ISIE IAI IIIT ETAT TAIT IIIT+ + ° = ~ nN Qa w L RS = nS Ss ~) ne MARATHI Vocabulary Manual JAL NIMBKAR, MAXINE BERNTSEN nations mrture or coven “PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS pean MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Alls TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICL So, Alls Anerican institute of Indian Studies, New Delhiaga aera eg BIg 1 AR sre ee FA dt are 1A | Hz The above lines from the cover are from the Dayaneshwarl, the famous thirteenth-century Marathi commentary on the Bhagawad Gita by the poet Dnyaneshwar. One of Dnyaneshwar's great achievements was to put the teaching of the Gita into the language of the people ata time when most religious discourse was conducted in Sanskrit. The poet himself was fully aware of the significance of his. work, as we see in the lines reproduced here from the Dnyineshwari 614, Hondly use Marathi is true, But Il find words so sweet I wager They'll surpass even heaven's nectar. HATHA aly BAAR SIME WMTSS at sat TRS ese, | FRU ag aR TERT STS VASAT TSImarathi VOCABULARY MANUAL 1903 Printed in indi by C. S. Latkar. Kelpens Mudrenatoya, 4614," Shiv-Porvati° Tilak Road Pune 411 030, and published by P. R. Mohendiratte, Diractor, American Institut Indian Studies, New Delhi 110024 pursuant to 2 grant from the U.S. Department of Education ax part of the Internationsl Research and Studies Program, under the authority of Title Vis section 605 of the Higher Education Act of 1966. [Alright rasarved by Maxine Berntsen and ‘Jak Nimbeer sucker 1ay's AdvertisingPreface This book is part of our set of elementary and intermediate Marathi teaching materials, It is specifically a companion volume to our Marathi Structural Patterns : Book One. Marathi Conversational Situations, and Marathi Readings. This volume consists of three parts—a classified vocabulary. @ Marathi- English vocabulary, and an English~ Marathi vocabulary. The classified vocabulary presents lists of words the student reat in talking about the natural world and the material culture. The Marathi-English vocabulary contains @ basic vocabulary of abgut 4,000 items. This vocabulary consists of all the words used the three volumes mentioned above, plus those additional words required for intelligent everyday conversation. For a more comprehensive vocabulary the student should consult our A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary. The English-Merathi vocabulary contains about 4,500 entries. ‘We have deliberately made this section somewhat more comprehensive 188 up to now our series has not included an English~Marathi vocabulary, ‘and the existing English-Marathi dictionaries are not very suitable for learners of Marathi ‘The pressure of the deadline for printing this book placed a tremend— ‘ous strain on all concerned. Our thanks to C, S. Latkar and the staff of Kalpana Mudranalaya and to Yeshwant Dhaygude, proofteader, for responding to the challenge of completing the work in an extremely short time. Special thanks are due to Meena Chandavarkar who gave her time and energy at all hours of of the night in order to assist in the reading of proofs. ‘Maxine Berntsen aContents Marathi Classified Vocabulary 1-28 Marathi-English Vocabulary 1-69 English-Marathi Vocabulary 1-74MARATHI CLASSIFIED VOCABULARYadj. adv. cf. conj, eg. Eng. excl. f £.(e) £4) fam. hon. imf. imp. impers, incl inter) ‘interrog. re. SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS adjective adverb compare . conjunction for example English exclusive feminine feminine (¢) class feminine (i) class familiar honorific imperfect impersonal inclusive interjection interrogative invariable irregular literally locative masculine noun neuter neg. obj, part. perf. pl. post. pp. pron. resp se. suff. v vy | vai. (Nola impers. ) var. vt, negative object particle perfect plural postposition pages pronoun respéctful singular suffix verbal base verb intransitive verb Na impersonal verb variable transitive verb ‘This sign indicates repetition of the main word in a vocabulary entry This line is used between alternant forms.* CONTENTS Earth and Sky ‘Seasons and Weather Directions Geographical Features Calendar Botanical Terms * Creatures The Human Body Clothing Houses Furniture Household Utensils Cooking Food Tools Materials, Numbers 3 Weights and Measures Language Kinship Professions =, EARTH AND SKY ‘wali f. earth ai n. space BraETaT m. space « ‘eftacar n. environment ana n. sky ait m. sun iq m. moon sigaite m. crescent moon art m. star (as opposed to planet) saiguth /. star ae, me m. planet ara n. house of the lunar zodiac gaa m. comet wa m. satellite agiigar m. sunrise gates m. sunset site m. moonrise BIE i, to rise Ba vii. to set SEASONS AND WEATHER Tm. season eras m. winter ‘seater m. summer ‘urerereat m. rainy season aifeqa m. monsoon, rainy season eat f- air, weather ‘gara n. weather avaracar n. atmosphere ‘aaa 7». temperature iat m. degree ‘aif. cold, cold weather © q@- to turn cold ai n. snow, ice fea n. snow feaadia m. snowfall ‘SeTST m. heat FA n. sunlight © 3- to shine (of the sun) ata m. rain © ag- torain ara /-pl. hailstones am. cloud; ‘araTg ». 3 to be overcast a f.(i) rain shower art m. wind, breeze RI ate- to blow (of the wind) ‘argat n. storm arazas f.(i) whirlwind DIRECTIONS asc) east ‘afaamt f.(¢) west afi f.(e) south Fae f(e) north abet f.(e) southeast Sager f (6) southwest ‘area f.(c) northwest ‘dant f.(e) northeast GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES ‘Sa m. source (of river) aitat m. stream wat j. river ‘Siam m. confluence of rivers ara m. lake, tank, pond duad n. lake, taitk, pond aqR Mm. sea, ocean warét j. inlet of the sea ‘aa n. port aS m. bank Paar m. bank, beach aaa n. sandy beach aaa f. sea level Sad j. small hill Stare m. hill adam. mountain Rarer n. peak waat m. cliff aij. chasm, deep narrow valley até n. valley ' ‘rz m. mountain road fg /.(?) mountain pass aaieh tim /.(c) mountain range ‘Stereres adj. inv. hilly sat m. uncultivated plain a ». uncultivated area sparsely covered by bushes aga xn. desert gare x. plateau ‘ara nv. flat plain iat ». woods, forest CALENDAR In Maharashtra, and throughout India, several calendars are follow- ed. Secular vents are referred to in terms of the Roman calendar, and religious events according to the various religious calendars. Marathi Vocabulary Manual Roman Calendar Months sian January agar February ari March afires April % May ga June ga July ‘aiprez August aaddge September ‘igdtac “October ‘argax November fetax December Hindu Calendar Months The months gf the Hindu calendar are lunar months of thirty days each. Each month is divided into ‘two halves, the first or light fort- night ending with purnima ‘full moon’ and the second or dark fortnight with amaoasya ‘new moon’ (no moon), Once every few years is an extra-month to accommodate’ the extra days. The year starts ‘sometime in April. arm. Saver sag m. ara m. ara m. arETy antiert m.Classified Vocabulary 3 tis m. Muslim Calendar Months eights m. aa. Y ater . ram. wat . sath — smardle anette Days of the Lunar Fortnight waa a « afer f : oa Rader f, weate aria. ate saat ys ate ara. fait f- . rer f. train». calendar, almanac wert f. aeitae n. calendar aif. ati n. year aay ‘are n. year (as unit of calendar) aa wa m. yeat according to Roman calendar agi geet aa m. AD. ‘afta (arerave) 7. qed enrgt BC. ‘a m. year according to Hindu Days of the Week calendar afar m. month ‘awa m. Monday wat m. lunar fortnight area m. Tuesday a /gre ve light fortnight gaan m. Wednesday qa/een ve dark fortnight : aan m. Thursday arfver f.(c) date amar m. Friday fart s. date according to Hind sara m. Saturday calendar : efaare m.Sunday am m. day (of week) 12 . rcMarathi Vocabulary Manual Fea m. day wrararen f. new moon qftiat f. full moon am n. eclipse BOTANICAL TERMS General Terms amend f. plant life are n. tree 3@ m4, (i) vine gga n. bush aq x. seedling raat n. grass sige m. sprout Wa n. root aig n. trunk apa m. trunk vara f.() bark weigt J. branch waradt f. twig ‘ara n. leaf waht f. bud Be 2. flower araatt f- petal Az m. stem has m. fruit ait f.(@) pod an. seed wea n. graft gma- vi. to sprout FE v4. to flower ara- vt, to plant Trees Where genders are not mentioned, the trees are referred to as a In other cases they may be referred to in either way. 0.9. fies or fivasra an: ae m. ayes /-(i) leucaena ‘agften n. casuarina (a type of evergreen tree) Frafra eucalyptus faz m. peepal aye (2) acacia fealagtéra neem ag m. banyan ae aves f-(i.) mesauite ‘atm. teak we any of several evergreen trees, including casuarina Flowering trees apis m. bauhinia enitae m. gold mohor ‘aiset art m. temple tree feces ™. aE fC) qa millintonia, cork tree Parara m. rain tree teat . magnolia Flowers are referred to 05% BB. A very few of them are referred to by the name of the bush or vineClassified Vocabulary Flowering bushes and vines anz j-(i) oleander aa ». lily, lotus gaadt j. tuberose yea m. rose BTEHa f.(é) hibiscus ‘aif f. jasmine BE J. jasmine ig m. marigold fafarera m. tuberose ari /.(i) bougainvillea aitarat m. jasmine ‘wrazwit f. queen of the night ‘act J. chrysanthemum ange n. sunflower Fruit In most cases a fruit tee is referred to 08 jaz. Ina few ‘cases the name of the fruit is the name of the tree, e.g., z ates mz, “this is a coconuticoconut palm.” site m. fig : ‘wea m. pineapple stiat m. mango acaq na small, blue-black berry anféarg 1». watermelon ‘ea n. banana warqar n. cantaloupe fag m. chickoo, sapota fare f.(e) tamarind sige x. ‘eifert n. pomegranate Wa ». grape ‘aes m. coconut ae m. guava irag f. papaya rare m. jackéruit atx n. a tust-colored berry aa n. orange AES x. bullock’s, heart feqn. lemon ‘aa n. tangerine aq 1. apple Raawaa ». custard apple Miscellaneous trees and shrubs aes m. bamboo ‘aris ». sisal ‘aprara 1. sisal : are m. toddy palm aa f.(i) basil Fraga m. cactus aig m. bamboo Vegetabies Leaty vegetables césarit j. leafy vegetable arava wen ae f. wat J. / agar m arRat mm.ga/aiaz GH” Tem m. A m. iret f. agm. LLeguimes (bean-like vegetables) dr f.(e) pod of a legume ara f.(#) guar arrat m. bean staat f. cowpea zaeit f. lima bean quegt f. flat bean weR/areno mm. pea grat sravareht dia f. drumstick sara Srarat m: egrerdh J. string bean, green bean, french bean Diied beans sé m. black gram weap x. dried beans esas mpl. ‘Gazi m. term used for many beans ‘tacit J. cowpea aK J-(i) Pigeon pea raat nam f agg m. lentil * qt m, mung beans ‘arato m. pea eam m. Bengal gram (chickpea, garbanzo bean) 15 Marathi Vocabulary Manual Gousds and squashes aitvaat ». gourd ayes n. bitter gourd sararas 1 ‘gah situa m. green gourd area m. yeaa n. snake gourd are wit m./ ire mn. red gourd (similar to pumpkin) ‘Aromatic plants * are n. ginger j ‘amt f-())m. garlic J.{/) coriander fires J. chili arena n. bay leaf whit m. curry leaves Other vegetables mrad f. cucumber ¥ ‘afar m. onion rh J. cabbage Aya n. carrot ated x. aaaatte m. knolkohl zara} m. tomato f. cauliflower gyAe m. cauliflower art m. potato Heh J. okra situah resize fret J. een pepper, capsicumClassified Vocabulary aeaTi auite cob of corn at m. radish Tare 1. sweet potato ‘ait n. eggplant rm m, elephant foot CREATURES The names of most animals occur in both the masculine and fominine and sometimes the neuter as well. Here only the commonly-used ‘gender is listed. smyoft m. creature, animal warat n. animal Domestic Animals afta seit m. domestic animal Bin. dog ‘ar x. mule aga m. donkey aa j.()) cow ai mpl. cattle aterm. horse Brae npg awit f. goat, sheep aa m. bull ate m. goat, wise n. cat Hat f. sheep sha j. buffalo at m. buffalo aah J. goat ‘Young of domestic animals Freey». young of an animal ag». kid areas f.(i) calf, heifer tae 0. lamb . ara ncalf tg m. calf ‘ang ». buffalo calf Ferre n. colt Wild Animals * ara / Sarat aroit m. wild animal reas n. bear ‘gem. camel teat m jackal Hat m. rhinoceros fren m. cheetah. ata m. hyena feat ave / Perormt m. panther, leopard aye n. monkey n. wild boar tem m. wolf ara m. tiger fe m. lion waft m. elephant ‘eam / efor. deer Other Animals ‘zie m. mouse ware f.(i) chipmunk Ta f(@) bandicoot (large rat )Paagt /. a small rodent aE». mongoose are m. rabbit Birds ratim. bird + mare 1. bird ARTE n. pigeon agate m. crane “Rraamt m. crow Bifirat f. cuckoo Ba /. hen. meg m. eagle rare n. vulture a (i) kite Gre 2. owl Farait f. sparrow Perit f. lapwing aratalt f. swallow sareat m. dove itqz m. parrot amt m, heron am n. duck gage m. bulbul ‘fan f. myna ate m. peacock n. bat wean m. falcon agp f. myna gam. swan tat m. dove Marathi Vocabulary Manual Reptiles, amphibians, and fish eqezUTT sTeHt m. reptile wre 1. turtle aivrenmea f.(i) snail, slug siete f-(é) iguana ata m. cobra sre fi) ghekko Regret m. chameleon + ‘aga m. frog wa f. (i) alligator sayeat m., fish aaeat m. lizard arg m. snake Bat f-(i) crocodile Insects frat m. insect ize m. insect ‘areit f. worm, larva & f. louse aa f.(i) silver fish, cloth-eating moth : ‘ardor f.(i) cell-building wasp ateit m. spider ‘tiga n. earthworm aisitearett f. wasp ‘aiteite f(i) tick ait f-(4) centipede sia m. worm (intestinal parasite) ez ». cockroach ya m. locust, grasshopper ‘gfe m. mosquito a m. bedbug 17:Classified Vocabulary ‘areatet m. praying mantis ‘Feat m. moth Reg J. flea FoUAE ». butterfly aim m. bumblebee \ ewe m. mosquito wraaait /. honeybee" at m. aphids et f. fly ‘rant m. large black ant ae fant avast f. termite Fey m. scorpion ‘agrdz m. caterpillar THE HUMAN BODY saat n. body ‘farat m. thumb, big toe ‘serra n. limb ‘aad 1. intestine ‘fan. organ, esp. penis its m. lip : sam m. backbone aa; n. forehead aeae/eaae J. waist axial f. little finger, little toe saver f.(e) armpit saat f. skin atm. ear artis n. liver ea m. pl: hair alae n. elbow wiizt m. shoulder sraltart ». uterus mreat m. throat, neck amet 7. gland aires m, cheek wear m. knee reat m. throat (inside) ‘ait m. ankle saat m. ball of foot ‘Aa m. face ‘ard f. chest ita f.(e) groin afta f.(e) tongue ara f.(e) heel ‘Sts n. head ‘Stat m. eye ‘Gn. buttocks ‘aamart m. Sole of foot ‘wareta m. palm tg n. face, mouth ag m. upper arm andi J. beard aa m. tooth etn, nail ‘APR 1m. nose raga f- nostril ‘fat m. hand TRS x. foot are (3) back carauit 7. eyelash, eyelid ara m. leg, foot fied / free j. calf tite x. stomach eter f. spleen Baga «. lung qe n. eyeball 1810 ‘Marathi Vocabulary Manual ate n. finger aqak | frat f. eyebrow sora m. vertebra waren, wrist nig /, thigh it f.(e) neck sara x. flesh fren f. pl. mustache afte m. kidney Hz m. brain aga». liver anit f. vagina aya n. blood aaaatfiett /. blood vessel Rarer». penis afte f.(e) blood vessel, nerve ‘ata m. joint eat m. breast ‘m, muscle waaat f. chin arg 1. bone ‘era m. hand/arm farcemt j.p!. gums exo n. heart CLOTHING General Terms ‘ETE m.pl. clothes Graer/dtavet m. clothing (general), complete suit of clothes ag ». sar are x. sari, esp. one with tradi- tional border and wax cardi f. sari are m. border at m. end of sari (taken over the shoulder) Lower Garments ‘aft J. short pants, short under ants ‘afta m. tapering pajama ‘gtat n. man’s garment wrapped around waist and tucked up between legs cqrrsat m. pajama =f.) pants apie m. loincloth (worn by many men as undergarment) ‘Bm m. pajama yar /.(i) pants, pajama ‘aeart f.(i) pajama, lower garment of a Punjabi dress Upper Garments Feat m. kind of shirt Riz m. jacket, coat adits m. long shirt, upper gar- ment in Punjabi dress ‘stim, m. Knitted undershirt ‘atat j. blouse, brassiere ante n. vest grr m. blouse great m. loose kurta 3a aE m. kurta with high collar ear f.(@) shirtClassified Vocabulary ‘item 1. blouse aftera m. undershirt garaé m. short-sleeved shirt als. brassiere aTgR m.,n. blouse ‘frat m. short-sleeved shirt aa m. shirt ext m. shirt Sax m. sweater Dresses and skirts amt m. dress, frock ear m. long skirt, petticoat wii m. dress, frock eget m. maxi eae m. skirt Babywear adn, child’s frock ‘Aafist m. diaper, napkin site m. diaper, napkin Headgear Ae f. cap carat f. turban ‘qemr m. turban canité m. turban zm. turban with tail hanging down ajarei m, turban arg m. turban af. hat uw Footwear ‘raya m. shoe without laces, slipper seq f.(¢) chappal, sandal ” without ankle straps Sra m. shoe, slipper m, shoe rarer j.(e) chappal waqrat f.pl. bedroom slipper ga m. sandal Accessories wrt. stick gFPRIM J. wool cap covering the ears araagt m. neck scarf, muffler : arena n. watch ‘sro m. glasses aveara ac glasses’ case ‘eft j. umbrella ‘grat m. scarf worn with Punjabi dress sitadit f. scarf worn with Punjabi dress rat m. belt araaitat m. sock, stocking eat m. muffler (woolen scarf) atat m. sock, stocking * ‘aaa m. handkerchief ‘Raat m. raincoat ‘aie /.()) shaw! mreritsnt m. glove” Marathi Vocabulary Manual a ‘Awa m. storey N yess Rooms = ‘az. house ate f.(@) hut atteré J. verandah | ‘ara f.(i) tenement adi J. storeroom weqe n. hut arecit f. terrace ated f. hut ee J. balcony ‘are ». hut with sloping sides and open ends ‘aera m. large house ‘az ». single-storey house Arai m. traditional type of house built around an open space Structure sia n. empty space next to house, yard Farat m. threshold ‘tai m. stone platform atarat m. alcove aia m. pillar fare /. window wa n. ceiling BAK n. roof Raat m. staircase aga n. cellar AasAaten m. ground floor awk J. beam ae n. door \ ‘arral J. step of a staircase ‘grat m. foundation Fruit f. floor, floor tile Aire f-(i) wall amare n. dining room tavacht ete f. bedroom Feavorarat m. sitting room ‘gaax n. household shrine arefreat . bathroom ‘aad ate f. sitting room rant m. loft ata J. bathroom xara m. toilet ‘Sagreat ». kitchen water m. verandah ‘fe m. sitting room FURNITURE ‘eam f. cupboard wom f. cupboard eta m. sofa waz f.(e) wooden bed gat f. chair sitéat m. small low table staan m. swing aq a. table enn. desk fark / rag f. stool Prato m. divan ‘adit m. bedClassified Vocabulary ‘Wz m. wooden board for sitting on Af. box, chest” ‘rep. shelf atest m. sofa Other Furnishings ‘ace m. mirror aPPET m. bolster, large cushion en m. fan reat m, curtain ‘Gam f.(é) settee akg m. bolster Bedding siergor ». bed area m. pillowcase anit f. pillow elt f. mattress ima} f. rough wool blanket saraz f.(i) sheet zee sf. quilt aierear ». cover sifipz n. blanket cag f. quilt az f.(i) shawl Floor Covering mferat m. carpet, rug azf s. mat made of bamboo EMT ». rough cotton carpet aiaft f. carpet 13 UGHTS ite m. lantern aaa f. gasoline lantern Ramo f. kerosene lamp dat ». chandelier zaqen f. fluorescent light 244 m. flashlight Feat m. lamp, light wort f. earthen lamp wea m. lightbulb a0 j. flashlight wane f(s) torch doraeit f. candle armfat m. hanging lamp ‘ang f. lamp on stand 8 J. hanging bucket lamp HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS Dining Utensils um. cup mre m. fork magi m. glass RH m. spoon . 3m, tray ‘art n. metal-plate aah j. metal plate ratacit f. leaf plate cava s. banana leaf ~ ‘Gat m. glass, metal drinking cup a f.) plate GeNs ». metal drinking cup with lip aaft f. saucer, plate14 arét f. small metal bow! Bef. knife Vessels © ‘aig ». vessel, pot, pan wnat /. iron pan for deep frying farzait f. teakettle ‘FHT m. steam cooker irae o pressure cooker revit f. metal plate used as cover aat m. griddle, heavy metal (usu- ally iron) plate used for baking chapatis, etc. ‘arze f. small metal plate qrara /.(i) large metal plate usually used for kneading dough café n. pan aruit j. glass or pottery jar ‘@z m. bowl Cooking Utensils yearn. spatula attra ». dipper Fareroit f. grater wa m. mortar \yessel used for pounding) waren m. mortar and pestle ‘eauft f. scraper (for coconut) ago n. strainer ‘aaa m. spoon ‘ang m. short knife 23 Marathi Vocabulary Manual ‘arom f. sieve fat m. tongs ‘sé n. two circular stones which fit one on top of the other for grinding rt m. long;handled’spoon with holes wait f. dipper withfffong handle ‘I m. stone slab used for grind- » ing ‘qrerataat m. grinding slab and roller tae m. tound rolling board arent m. pestle wit /. churning staff ‘aren. rolling pin aaa m. stone roller "used for grinding on a qt . fait. curved knife fitted on board used for cutting in chen ‘atenht f. tongs | aay. knife ‘aun. scuttle-shaped basket for winnowing grain Cleaning Utensils and Materials ‘ecaot /. broom ‘aut m. broom of stiff stalks (used for outdoor sweeping, cleaning toilets, etc.) ‘aig m. broom weet n. cloth for dusting or moppingClassified Vocabulary ‘qtat 1». rough cloth for mopping floors wetn. rag, cloth aad f. bucket ‘ata at m. scrub-brush RMT ms. soap ‘rawrart a long bar of soap to be cut into pieces as needed ‘araoreit at _cake of soap Containers Fezet f. milk can ‘gram n. lid, cover iq». lid, cover Sheet f. basket ‘zat m. tin, canister, box fra x. large tin container (for \ storing grain, etc.) rari j. shopping bag ra». gunnysack adit f. crock; any tail cylindrical vessel, such as a milk can aed f. bottle 1. cork, stopper BE m. bowl Water Vessels waraft f. narrow-necked metal pot ‘Ga m. long-necked earthen pot aig m. small metal pot a m. earthen pot aiea m. metal pot 15, agi f. bucket Har ». earthen pot 1 m. earthen pot ais m. large earthen pot at m. large metal pot Stoves 4a /-()) earthen stove, now used to refer to any stove ‘id f. coal or gas stove ‘at m. kerosene stove STEHE © pressure stove arttare wick stove COOKING Cooking Fuels ‘tava m. 1. coal, charcoal 2. piece of coal weet /. dry twig siesta m. gas produced from cowdung sitet f. cowdung cake aa m. gas ‘Sram n. fuel, firewood ae 1. kerosene anEE 1. 1. wood 2. piece of wood aia f. electricity aii x. firewood Processed Foods and Staples ‘sqrt m. wheat flour16 amag: n. dried fruit used for soutness in, cooking wewapar 1. dried beans. A list of these is given under botanical terms. vrata: f (i) wheat flour ‘wal m. cashewnut amma f.(/) poppy seed aitaé n. dried coconut ara m. semolina ag m. wheat yz m. jaggery brown sugar fra f.(@) tamarind saya f. sorghum, jowar ‘aa f.(i) pulse, split bean Fear o black gram dat atte toor dat waa 0 masoor da! gmeft © moong da! grasa o chickpea da! ‘great m. hydrogenated cooking medium arg». buttermilk aiga m. tice afteg m. sesame seed aan. ghee, clarified butter ‘aan. oil aie o edible oil adr o safflower oil Frcaret o sesame oil ‘digreqry o peanut oil aft n. curds, yogurt qa n. milk areas m. coconut Marathi Vocabulary Manyat ‘die ». flour WE m. pl. rice flakes wara m. almond ayaa f. millet aa x. gram flour ‘@ivte m. pl. kind of fish, usually dried RI m. corn, maize wm n. goat meat, meat generally ‘Fie n. salt” Sai m. refined wheat flour ‘tay m. rough-ground wheat ‘Sih #. butter ‘evayit m. pl. peanuts ‘raat m. pl. vermicelli ara j.(e) sugar /7 m, tapioca ‘gat ». kind of dried fish ‘@rat m. baking soda GB m.pl. dried prawns Spices and Herbs aie n. ginger spdifera m.,f.n. curry leaves Stine f-(i) coriander ‘wrens ". nutmeg . fa». cumin seed ‘amreqs 1. bay leaf Rrerz/ere Pree ». chili powder arate f. Sanamop a m.pl. coriander’ aafeaia /.(e) anise erat m. spice, mixture of spices 25.Classified Vocabulary .pl. black pepper fgg J.(?) ground black pepper set f. fenugreek ited f. mustard seed wat j.(e) clove zag m..() gaelic Sertter m. ae f. cardamom mettre x. us (i) dried ginger tarbe n. clove of turmeric wat f-(f) turmeric powder fé m. asafetida Cooking Processes ‘azq- v.t. to boil down ‘WHE- v.t. to cook by boiling, steam ‘Bea v.ts to boil (of a liquid) @rq- vt. tocut * §e- ot. to pound QFAET- vt. to crush, crumble wWa- v.t. to scrape (a coconut) to strain to work ‘aies- v.t. to sieve Faro. to cut ‘was v.t. to stir aw- vt: to deep-iry * anga-v.t. to heat ‘a- to flatten by patting ‘qa v4. to grind (flour, sugar, etc.) Frag- vt. to drain Frre- v4. to clean (grain) Wea nt. to saute WE m. we- to make a syrup qars- vt. to winnow (separates grain from chaff) Fra v.t. to squeeze out liquid a- ot. to beat, whip Pz- v.t. to break (eggs), to cut open (fruit), to shell (peanuts) atzoit f. cooking medium in + which mustard seed has been popped. This is used as a base for cooking most vegetable and meat preparations, eso. to grind roughly ‘Ta- ot. to roast, bake to soak, make a firea- ot. to mix tg v.. to break into pieces wre vt. to roll out aa 0. to shape @-v.t.togrindonaqe _ fitsra- 9.1. to cook ‘Gta- v.t. to shell, peel ‘Wea- vt. to stir FooD Meal Preparations . ‘gard m. a food preparation aaredt f. sweet and sour pulse soup18 Marathi Vocabulary Manual wé1f. soup made of buttermilk area n. any vegetable or meat preparation atfiniic f.()) salad ‘aauft f. hot garnish ave #. buttermilk: ‘sad f. flat bread of wheat flour grat m. a spicy solid preparation of gram flour ‘aan. ghee (butter from which the water has been boiled away) atgterati ». any preparation to be eaten with the main dish ‘aydiis 1. a spicy pancake made from a mixture of various flours at». yogurt, curds * gan. milk Tgg m. thin crisp wafer of pulse flour, fried or roasted before serving farsa n. a spicy liquid preparation of gram flour Ga f. deep-fried wheat puff ‘aft j. chapati, flat bread of wheat flour groritat chapati with sweet filling made of pulse aqasttelt chapati with jaggery filling gear m. a type of chapati ‘anit. vegetable curry qe vegetable preparation made of greens aaa © vegetable preparation with gravy ‘and f. flat bread of millet, maize, etc, ‘aa m. rice wnat © sweet rice mene o spiced rice Firceit f. chili, pickled chilies ‘its x. salt eat m, vegetable curry with gravy ‘era ». salad, savory preparation x, lemon Bore n. pickle aot x. butter aca.n. cooked pulse aa n. thin sweet and sour sauce ‘Sweets and Snacks wi2h mpl. a savory dish made out of pounded rice flakes die f.(é) sweet made from mill and rice or some other grain fred f. fried batter ring in sugar syrup gedteftj. See under meal prepar. ations. araift j. thickened sweetened milk “asi m. savory fritter 27Classified Vocabulary 19 a ag m. ball-shaped sweet, usually made of a mixture of sugar, roasted flour and spices ‘aBI m. savory fried cake at f. bar-shaped sweet Rarer m.-sweet or savory dish made from rough-ground wheat afieie n. a pudding made from yogurt (curds) and sugar ‘ist m. sweet dish made from rough-ground wheat Mouth-fresheners weep f. mouthfreshening (at the end of a meal) aging f.(c) fennel, anise ara n. | Frat m. spices, lime and catechu wrapped in betel leaf ‘wae f-(c) clove Radke m. / Bart f. cardamom same f. betel nut, powdered mixture of betel nut and spices TOOLs : Agricultural Implements and Equipment wrcaa f.(i) saw ae /.(i) small pick arene f.(i) axe * ‘eataat m. machete ie x. shovel ‘qt. implement for weeding ‘wi n. shallow metal pan used for carrying earth, fertilizer etc. rave m. pick 2haeit f. small basket ‘aint m. plow fa m. water pump, spray pump ‘vere f.(é) crowbar (also used for digging) : ara f. large open basket aitz f(e) leather bag in a bullock- drawn contraption used for drawing water from a well Rael. very small pick Fran m. short-handled sickle ‘aia m. large open basket HOUSEHOLD AND CARPENTER’S TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT tater m. tool for pulling out nails sweat fi) saw aaa f.(i) file fareat m. nail Rrefire x. drill ayea m. square ae f-(c) small nail 2q f. measuring tape a f-(¢) wire a8 f. rope wee f-(i) pliers anit f. chisel ‘gat. spanner * tia © pipe wrench aa m. brush ‘tat m. plane fire f. ladder20 ‘Sra m.. vise Rm. screw ‘wait f. screw-driver ‘eratat m. large hammer arardt f. small hammer MATERIALS. The words which appear in brack- ets are the adjectives derived fiom the nouns listed. ( Seafafaerars ) aluminum vara ( aarrara ) ™. paper vara ( arte ) f-(e) glass wag (ater) ». straw amreé (arreaured ) 2. leather saremt ( mere) m. coir ware ( arretet ) n. cloth aya ( ITEP ) cotton seat ( atize) n. concrete | ata sidte ) f. silver sare ( sraeare) ». leather ‘gu ( gree) m. lime rea (seared) n. pewter z i) n. terylene (a kind of polyester fabric ) ait (aicart ) 2. copper agaret ( ardh/arrarct ) m. stone aerate (aereiterel erates ) 2. nylon gat ( gear) m. tin sheet ‘Freres ( Frereit/freteest ) ». brass cafern ( cafteart) n. plastic ‘fre ( Frere) ». cast-iron vt * Marathi Vocabalary Manual ante (ard ) ». earth faett art china clay ita (Reh Sera) »- sill args ( aredl/ereard ) 2. wood tex (Sree) J. wool iets ( stetdvateiere) 2. iron he ( ized) f- brick vag (gst) clay eat ( ae/gare ) ». fiber. a refers ta fabric made out of cotton fiber. ata (Stemi) x. gold ediz (twat) n. steel, stainless steel . ' ‘Gada o stainless steel NUMBERS Cardinal Numbers 8 qaagagaaeaa "a9Classified Vocabulary ‘tat sixteen ‘aq seventeen asa eighteen _ Savi nineteen ata twenty umdta twenty-one avdra_ twenty-two + Sete twenty-three sitdte twenty-four qadra twenty-five e@aita twenty-six warita twenty-seven agrita twenty-eight ator twenty-nine dra thirty mdrea thirty-one anita, thirty-two aude. thirty-three dtdta thirty-four 2 edie thirty-five wera thirty.six* ercita thirty-seven - aredie thirty-eight ; thirty-nine arita Torty © : forty-one forty-two ara forty-three cyanea forty-four aera forty-five Reatatta forty-six qaeneita forty-seven agarira forty-eight eaagara forty-nine 30 qara fifty apa fifty-one ara fifty-two qa fifty-three situa fifty-four tara fifty-five exya fifty-six ‘a@eaaa fifty-seven agra fifty-eight walorens fifty-nine ‘em sosixty Wreag sixty-one ara sixty-two ‘Fag sixty-three thaw sixty-four ara. sixty-five werag sixty-six ‘agaw sixty-seven gem sixty-eight amprorerat sixty-nine ‘wae seventy caReER Seventy-one areae seventy-two Saige seventy-three emeac_seventy-four arma seventy-five weet seventy-six aemeac seventy-seven ‘RATA - Seventy-eight wratuiiait seventy-nine ite eighty wrATeh eighty-one waist eighty-two saiteft eighty-three22 Marathi Vocabulary Manual aiarieit eighty-four firad interrog. adj. tanith eighty-five ‘waite eighty-six Fractions and mixed numbers aenisit eighty-seven * : sagatisit eighty-eight art one fourth - TmAsaT cighty-nine ati var, one half weag ninety " - qqram three fourths wpqayorg ninety-one ‘qeqt one and one fourth ‘sare ninety-two . @e one and one half ‘waren ninety.three ‘qrairata_ one and three quarters sit-arrq ninety-four ‘epaqraia two and one fourth _tayong ninety-five 6 | agra two and one half cara ninety-six quaint two and three quarters ‘weeny pinety-seven " qéardta three and one fourth ‘agaqomg_ninety-eight seize: three and one half ‘wesqrmg ninety-nine qrairar three and three fourths ‘raz, one huindred . creit mm one hundrd one - WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cmt dt one hundred two | General Terms lait two hundred . air eH two hundred one stat n. distance ware one thousand carat m. size, shape 2a ware the thousand ‘er. height wpa one hundred thousand _ Bret m. scale ars 10,000,000 ata f. depth ‘rea 1,000,000,000 ‘aay. scale ‘Say f. width Ordinal oumbers ‘iat f. length, : arma x. weight oe te ees area feet third” “Weight * aad/sitd fourth cared fifth : frat m. kilogram ‘eara sixth ‘am. gramClassified Vocabulary 23 were m. fifty yrams fre m. quintal ( 100 kilos za m. metric ton ( 1,000 kilds are m. used as equivalenf fo: esp. in fractions ‘4 grazie quarter kilo ( 250 grams ) atel grate 125 gtams re atte 375 grams ‘aia grate 750 grams @taat m. about 10 grams Liquid Measure Iq n. a measure forex m. liter Rafefeze m. milliliter: (This often called fas or fit which stands for cubic centimeter ) ‘rai m. usually refers to a 200 milliliter measure, esp. of milk is Length afex m. meter ‘SfEahex m. centimeter fafehtex m. millimeter gam. inch ge m. foot are m. yard Distance Pachiec m. kilometer Re m. mile vy 32 sara m. about two and a half miles ‘weit m. one-eighth mile Land Area ‘Baz m. hectare 5 m. one-hundredth of ahestare HE m. acre at m. one-fortieth of an acre Square and Cubic Measures sitet adj. inv. square A adj. pref. cubic ara m.one hundred square or cubic feet Numbered Sets waa m. dozen reat m. one hundred LANGUAGE Grammar : sqeire adj.inv. intransitive wal m. subject ‘wa n. object wera m. tense ameraa present tense ‘agen past tense | safer future tense Branag n. verb Brenfarsieor n. adverbSAVE adj inv. progressive, con- tinuous ara n. noun gee m. person seraget first person fardrrger second person attager third person pi adj.ino. perfect sire m. suffix aa f. language att adj pref. habitual Ban form t Gar n. gender gfgt masculine gender ‘ifémt feminine gender agersfém neuter gender aaa x. number uaaaa singular number aaeaaa/agaaa plural number ava n. sentence fararaut n. adjective ‘airs n. consonant Sayre n. grammar req m. word RE adj inv. transitive ‘aT ». pronoun 7 =a m. vowel Writing ‘argt n. character of script, syllable aanrdt f. Devanagari (the script Marathi Vocabulary Manual in which Marathi, Hindi, and Sanskrit are written) ‘aaerd fa set of characters in the Devanagari script consist- ing of a consonant sign com- bined with each vowel sign avanita Renit f. the Devanagari script aret J. a cursive script formerly used for Marathi Radi f. script eda x. correct writing Signs in the Devanagari script ageart m. dot signifying nasal. (If over the final consonant, dot signifies =.) wat m, short vertical stroke after consonant (abbreviated sign of at) ‘mt f. oblique line over a con- sonant used in abbreviated forms of g, ®, sit and sf Faent m. two dots after consonant indicating breathiness ‘aid f. vertical line topped by a curve (the abbreviated sign of and ¢) Punctuation marks anita m. semi-colon ‘wayefarg m. exclamation mark gift m. full-stop 33Classified Vocabulary swafarg 1. question mark ‘exeafrerat m. comma KINSHIP For information on the use of basic kinship terms see Berntsen and Nimbkar, Marathi Structural Patterns, Book Ons, pp. 46-48. Fora full discussion of Marathi kinship 690 lrawati Karve, Kinship Organization in India (Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1953. Third ed., 1968 ), pp. 174-91, 194. General Terms, sara n. maternal grandfather's house age n. family. coma o joint family até 2. relationship aiaanks ».,f. relative ane n. married woman’s mother’s house arn. / Rare m. marriage rere adj. ino. step- rat n. woman’s parents-in-law’s house ‘argearét /: man’s parents-in-law’s house ‘arra/atéon m. relative by marriage atatrs f.(i) relationship by marridge Blood Relatives anf f. mother aa/aréies m. father ‘eM m. son eat f. daughter en. child adi f.(é) sister ‘ag m. brother ‘ated n. pl. siblings arat/arstan m. grandfather ‘sata f. grandmother ‘gm. graridson ara /.(é) granddaughter qusn/qursitar m. great-grandfathet uni f. great-grandmother ayant f. mother’s sister IM m. mother’s brother aren f. father’s sister ‘eray‘gaan m. father’s brother aEeTATH m. mother’s sister’s son arereraiior f (?) mother’s sister’s daughter airarg m. mother’s brother's son amiadior f.(/) mother’s brother's daughter ‘aarararg: m. father’s sister’s son -rjaardtor f-(é) father’s sister's daughter ‘gears m. father’s brother’s son ‘geramtio f.(i) father’s brother's daughter ‘Ara m. sister’s son, woman’s brother’s son, man’s sister’s sonMarathi Vocabulary Manual air f. sister's daughter, woman's brother’s daughter, man’s sister’s daughter gaa m. man’s brother’s son, (for a woman) husband's brother's son gai f. man’s brother's daughter. (for a woman) husband’s brother's daughter Relations by Marriage aprat/aett f. wife see meat m. frst m. pl, hus band qf. mother-in-law ‘area/anisit m. father-in-law & f.(c) daughter-in-law ‘m. son-in-law : andi m. son's wife’s father, daughter's husband’s father erdior f.(i) son’s wife’s mother, daughter’s husband’s mother ‘em. husband’s brother ‘aim f. husband’s brother's wife airg/aré f. husband’s sister 3g m. wife’s brother, sister’s ‘husband TBanit f. wife's sister ‘arraa/afieft f. brother’s wife arm. wife's sister’s husband raat m. mother’s sister’s husband ht f. mother’s brother's wife ‘wang /enrat f. father’s brother's wife . Although a father’s sister's husband is often called arm, there is no technical term which is commonly used for this relationship. A moth- er's sister's husband is also called ara The above terms can be combined to express more complicated rela~ tionships, e.g.: gama f. brother’s son's wife ‘agarera m. husband’s grand- father ‘qeadic m. husband’s father’s brother’s son wae Geears m. father's aIReTS’s son PROFESSIONS General terms In most cases where there is no specific feminine word for a pro- fessional, the masculine word can also be used in the feminine. warwelt adj.inv. private ‘api n. department afestt ¢. housewife wean x. housework BeAR n. shop ay m. trade a@tere/atercae m. salaried €mployeeClassified Vocabulary 27 ee awd f. service, employment Gizttm m. white-collar class, person belonging to white— collar class reer n. police department Faga m. business ‘WHE adj inv. unemployed ‘art f. unemployment rere; m. farereien f.(?) owner, master, employer fafeed f. military sire’ f. casual labor \ STFEET m. profession saat m. business edt 7. agriculture ‘acRTe adj. ino. government ‘Sea n. army, armed forces Trades ara m. worker, esp. in a factory SRG m. artisan SAK m. potter Bhat m. weaver Rata m. truck driver’s helper ‘arr m. butcher mradt m. mason frargt m. ironmonger ‘aiare m. shoemaker Byreex m. driver qaz/att m. washerman wedior (i) etter f.(@) washer- woman woraren m. fruit vendor Raac m. plumber ‘edtaren m. hawker ‘asitarat m. vegetable vendor . ‘Ax m. manual laborer ‘reat m. jataftor f.(2) vegetable or flower seller Fre m. mechanic ‘ta m. painter tare m. blacksmith fart m. tailor BUG m. jeweler tare m. goldsmith Agriculture rat m. arg f. agricultural laborer ‘argtart m. bullock cart driver ‘aumgaare m. farmer owning ierigated land @errat m. man who cares for bullo eit m.\market gardener ‘Sterngt m. farmer ‘tamge m. farm laborer Business, -seiteraett m. industrialist ‘geitara m. entrepreneur RATATE m. factory owner ‘|@rasarat m. owner of a boarding house ere m. sharebroker, commission agent 3628 Marathi Vocabulary Manual “THMTE m. owner of store sayarét m. businessman, trader ‘S2warat m. owner of a hotel or restaurant Services ‘mrad m. cook ca m. clerk ‘aat m./siterattar f.(i) Household * servant it m. gardener afrara m. watchman Prrarf/oge m. office boy, peon ava m. Sree f (i) cook ‘Academic world ‘Sere m. lecturer rere m. (rere f- faeraiter m- principal perros m.ferreerat f principal sia m. professor rears m./srenifiret f. Professor ara m. javeaTétat f.(#) teacher ‘mrera m. scientist . Rava m./Pafieet f. teacher ‘eareat m. principal =. Other Professions cardi m. accountant safirer€ m. officer, executive saree m, engineer ieEx m. doctor a f. nurse Tait m. journalist gaint m. temple priest ‘tetra m. policemen drezaa m. postman mest /gatfera m. priest arte m. lawyer arate m. reporter farang m. soldier ‘eaae m. editor Art and Literature waraR m. artist (painting, music, dance) sweht m fevafirst /(§) poet aapdadiart m. novelist sree m./mbiret f. singer fawart m. painter Frayer m. literary critic Parasia m. director az m. actor wat f. actress ‘agra m. fatten f. dancer Rafter m. /Prafat f. producer ‘Breve m. [Rarer f- writer args m. player of an instrument, eg, sacar ‘ sitarist ” etofterare/ ister Rasa: m, music director ‘warfifers m. person belonging to the field of literature qpderere m./qpdimfret f- playback singer 37CONTENT AND ORDER OF ENTRIES ‘A typical entry is of the following form: Marathi word, part of speech, English translation. In the case of nouns that take plurals, the plural is also given, 5 Most nouns referring to professions can be used in both the mi culine and:feminine. When there is a separate word for the feminine we have given it. Otherwise it is to be understood that though the word is indicated as masculine it is used in the feminine as well. Many English words are used in Marathi. Some of these have been completely integrated into the language and follow the regular rule for plural formation. Others retain the English plural or are invariant, For the latter type we have not given a plural form. Entries follow the traditional order of the Devanagari Iphabet. aamcisaara at & sana eagag seta aa gt a a THIARTISAIT Tata and ai follow 4 : ‘Marathi Vocabulary Manual qm, Gon j-(e) sign, signal et, qt m. murder qG adj. inv. much, many. adv. very ‘adj. inv. pleased, satisfied ‘dz m. pl. repeated visits, fruitless trips &S, Set nv. village ema, 2a «. village Behr loc. in villages aq m. sorrow @g- vi., vt. to play ‘aa, aa m. game, sport rant, azo n. toy tits, ara 2. crate, box area m. cough. 9% vi. (N-la finvers. .) to have a cough arait m. a game of tag played by running around and through a ine of squatting players facing alter directions ete adj. false. Site to lie Bie ot. to erase ‘tz, até n. male calf, young bul (also used in m.) atecr, drew n. eraser ‘ata ot. to dig ata, eit /-() hut aitaé n. coconut meat ate adj. inv. deep itch f. depth itch, een f. room (chamber) Ls a : mae adj. ino. bad, inferior nec, aeean f. terrace ara adj. half-ripe (of a guava) athnate, sisfimiian mm. cnitted undershirt az, 32 m. group ‘agi, 1g m. bundle, stack arg, 17g m. fort (esp. a hill fort) mag adj. inv. dark, deep sau aij, inv. disappeared. o to disappear area fi) 1, noise, racket, 2. haste wh, wat m. 1. household servant. 2, Jaborer arora, store n. computer srorqeit m. Ganapati (name of a god) ‘aftr n. arithmetic, mathematics req adj. inv. silent. 0 a o.4. tO remain silent ‘rem f. pl. chatting. o we- to chat ‘nai adj. inv. serious, grave. oqat ‘m, seriousness, gravity raa f.(¢) fun, enjoyment area, reat f-(e) need ‘eH adj. inv. hot aft f. poverty ard adj miéf f, crowding, crush « affeerift adj. inv. having a mixture of silk and cotton : 53Marathi-English Vocabulary 15 ‘agit, wea f. lane ¥ ara n. grass rae f.(?) a variety of legume similar to string beans ‘aE m. wheat ~ v.i. 1. to fall, fall off. 2. to drip ‘aH, MS m. 1. throat, neck. 2. neckline. 3. (singing) voice vreg.), v.t.irveg.) to sing mgs n. study guide. m. guide AINE, MIME n. carrot m8, Mra f.(i) 1. knot: 0 wR—to knot 2. megting. o %- to meet tally) : m. pushcart, hawker's cart andi, reat. cart, car, traig, bus areas aed n. donkey sami, amet n. song vam, an f. 1. mattress. 2. throne sae, em .() cow mers, Tes m. singer aaa n. singing sre perf. of m- ° ‘M¥€ adj: ino. cold, cool at m. cold eat m. coolness ape, ae m. check amc, mfr m. carpet sa, AH 1. town. rates out Sf town [48 Freot, Rrewe f. mill fra f suff. suffix used for making abstract nouns Rivarier, Risers x. customer as, Ge m. roughneck, hoodlum’ aah f. hooliganism ‘Bee, Tee m. knee 3M, aM m. 1. quality, good quati- ty. 2, mark oi aiorrat f. quality, talent ‘atm. snarl, tangle ‘OFe, BE m. crime RRM aE m. criminal ‘ado, without saying any- thing, silently aE n. pl. cattle aR m. teacher TERT, I= n. 1. place where jaggery is made. 2, place ~ where sugarcane juice is served ayBrY, Tera w. 1. rose bush. 2. rose ‘Bent adj. ino. pink eTA, are m. slave arerafird j. slavery ‘ago, aaa f. mouthful iquid. ayggom ex- to ga HIE adj. inv. mysterious {ays m. coarse brown sugar, jag- gety . m. pl. gentleman, adj. inv. assumed, taken for granted. 0 ye- to take for granted Wr ast.pert of a adj-last, past |16 Marathi Vocabulary Manual ‘ix pref. negative prefix aie adj. inv. sweet ‘ites m. noise a€ adj. white-skinned, fair- skinned sites adj. ino. round ‘ite, tind .() 1. story. 2. thing, item ita, Ts m. round object, ball, lump ‘item adj. inv. collected, gathered. © we v4. to collect, gather. o Wt v4. to gather ‘itch, tea J. pill, tablet itor ad}. inv. secondary, of second. ary importance afta, Hai n. garage fq m. cooking gas casita adj. inv. rural ‘Us, TE m. consumer, customer ef. grant am. group Jars, TaTE m. glass, tumbler wince adj. inv. glamorous * a zm, emt. Levent, incident, 2. constitution azediz, aredtz m. divorce stay, tf. bell ‘WE adj. inv. 1. firm, tight. 2. thick. ady. firmly, tightly ‘wg- v.i. to happen 7 on 508 ‘We, me m. bunch wrEa- vt. 1. to cause to happen. 2, to form, shape wei, ma f. fold, o we- to fold rear, Heats n. clock, watch we, aE 1. house ‘acaTA n. housework ‘aaa adj. inv. domestic aR- vi. 1. to come down, slide down. 2, to decrease sharply (as prices) ‘ag, 7a m. throat (inside). © Za~ to havé a sore throat anf. hurry, haste. o mt fo hurry azarat m. the top of the moun- tain ranges dividing coastal from interior Maharashtra ‘atm f.(é) dirt. adj. inv, dirty, filthy aqirce adj. dirty, filthy ‘aye perf. of are— ‘ajaz- v4. to become frightened ‘aa m. sweat, perspiration. o 94. Nola impers.) to sweat, perspire. ataqren erarerrm #- to perspire profusely Ta- v.t(irreg.) 1. to put in, add. 2, to put on, wear ‘area- vt. 1. to send away, turn away. 2. to waste ~ ama vt. to scour, wash re, ave m. mouthful BER, Ges. gulp, mouthful (of liquid)Marathi-English Vocabulary 7 —— Be (ot. irreg.) to take. aa om to take. faa Q- to bring Bae perf. of &- itz, dz m. gulp, mouthful ( of liquid ) steran, sitatds m. mixup, con- fusion ita, se m. horse, ctemac aa ride on a horse’ a = emphatic particle sapRR f. dizziness. 0 = v4. (N-la impers.) to feel dizzy ae, sreFa f. flour mill ‘aauit f. chutney (a hot garnish to be eaten with a meal) BERR adv. quickly wefieht ado. quickly - v4., v.t(sp.) to climb ‘aq m. ascent, upward slope ‘avant m. pl. ups and downs ‘aR adj. inv. one fourth of a round object like a wr sig,