Equipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil Example 7.1: Acetone is to be recovered from an aqueous stream by continuous distillation. Design the plates for the column. Use sieve plates Given data: Feed How rate = 13,000 kg/hr, 3.3 mol% Aceton. Top streams; Reflux ratio = 1.35, 94 mol% Aceton. Bottom composition; essentially water Vapor flow rate = 162 kmoV/hr Liquid flow rate = 811.6 kmol/hr Number of real stages = 25 Slope of the bottom operating line = 5.0 Slope of top operating line = 0.57 From steam tables, base temperature 106 °C top Bein: 57°C py=0.72 kg/m? p kg/m? pi = 954 kg/m? 53 kg/m” Surface tension = 57* 10° N/m Surface t 23x 10° Nin Me =55.6 Solution: a Flow-rates Mol. weight feed = 0.033 x 58+ (1 — 0.033)18 = 19.32 Feed = 13,000/19.32 = 672.9 kmol/h ‘A mass balance on acetone gives: Top product, D = 672.9 x 0.033/0.94 = 23.6 kmol/h Vapour rate, V = D(1 + R) = 23.6(1 + 1.35) = 55.5 kmol/h An overall mass balance giv Bottom product, B = 672.9 — 23.6 = 649.3 kmol/h Slope of the bottom operating line Ly,'/Vin! = 5.0 and Viq! = Ly’ —B, from which: vapour flow below feed, Vi,’ = 162.3 kmol/h liquid flow below feed, Lm’ = 811.6 kmol/h Column diameter [0.72 Fy bottom = 5.0y/ 557 = 0.14 Fry top = 0.57 Bio eee gleel ai scab sella (ae pana [arash ASA deneEquipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil Take plate spacing as 0.5 m From Figure | base K, = 7.5 x 107? top K; = 9.0 x 107? Correction for surface tensions 57\ 9? i —2 base = (3) x75 x 10°* = 9.3 x 10 N 9302 i Ss top Ki = (3) 9.0 x 10-2 = 9.3 x 107 we base uy = 9.3 x 107) top uy = 9.3 x 10 Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate base ify = 3.38 x 0,85 = 2.87 m/s top ty = 1.78 x 0.85 = 1.51 m/s Maximum volumetric flow-rate 162.3 x 18 base = ———~— = 1.13 m* aS = O73 x 3600 me 55.5 x 55.6 = ————_ = 0.42 m* op = 505 x 3600 — 042 m/s Net area required bottom = +13 = 0.40 m? antatl laste 0.42 > —— = 0.28 m’ top 131 0.28 m’ As first trial take downcomer area as 12% of total. Column cross-sectioned area 0.40 2 base = —— = 0.46 m* 0.88 ~ 0.28 2 top = 7 gg = 0.32 m Bio eee gleel ai scab sella (ae pana [arash ASA dene 1, Fines SeEquipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil Column diameter O4ex4 base = / x" =0.77 m REZ top = y = 64m Use same diameter above and below feed, reducing the perforated area for plates above the feed. Nearest standard pipe size ; outside diameter 812.8 mm (32 in); standard wall thickness 9.52 mm; inside diameter 794 mm. Provisional plate design wy” Column diameter D, = 0.79 m Y Column area A, = 0.50 m? Downcomer area Ay = 0.12 x 0.50 = 0.06 m?, at 12% Net area A, = Ap — Ay = 0.50 — 0,06 = 0.44 m? Active area Ay = Ae — 2Ay = 0.50 — 0.12 = 0.38 m? Hole area Aj, take 10 per cent A as first trial = 0,038 m? Weir length (from Figure 4) = 0.76 x 0.79 = 0.60 m Take weir height 50 mm Hole diameter Ss mm Plate thickness 5S mm Check weeping ; sar 811.6 x 18 ‘Maximum liquid rate = Ee) = 4.06 kg/s Minimum liquid rate, at 70% —turn-down = 0.7 x 4.06 = 2.84 kg/s ‘i Now = 750 a . =27 liquid maximum Moy = Seaxo0e) = 27 mm liquis aes yt on ow = 750 sa es minimum h, 75 opctsn z oa 2 mm liquid at minimum rate Ay + Row = 50+ 22 = 72 mm From Figure 3, Ky = 306 oo Gee dhel aril welsh Mo (lose poe [Rab AS ll daa we 2s z= FtEquipment Design - £" year Chapter Seven Assist. Prof: Ihsan H. Dakhil 30.6 — 0.90(25.4 — 5) (0.72)'2 minimum vapour rate ii (min) = = 14 m/s actual minimum vapour velocity = ht A 0.7 x 1.13 = CO = 20.8 ms ~ 0.038 So minimum operating rate will be well above weep point. Number of holes Area of one hole = 1.964 x 10-5 m* 0.038 = = 193 Number of holes 1964 x 10-7 1935 Check entrainment 1.13 4 = dag = 2.57 aa % flooding = F5; = 76 F.y = 0.14, from Figure 2, ¥ = 0.018, well below 0.1. As the per cent flooding is well below the design figure of 85, the column diameter could be reduced, but this would increase the pressure drop. Bio eee gleel ai scab sali Alegll [laa pea [inochi dace nw, Fins eS