CDS - Sir - Iupac Sir Notes SMD Typed

notes N OMENCLATURE 1
NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Mainly three systems are adopted for naming an organic compound : –
(i) Common Names or Trivial System
(ii) Derived System
(iii) IUPAC system or Geneva System
COMMON OR TRIVIAL SYSTEM
On the basis of
Source Property Discovery Structure
(i) On the basis of source from which they were obtained.
S.No. Organic Trivial Name Source

Compound
1. CH3OH Wood spirit or Methyl Obtained by destructive distillation
spirit of wood.
2. NH2CONH2 Urea Obtained from urine
3. CH4 Marsh gas (fire damp) It was produced in marsh places.
4. CH3COOH Vinegar Obtained from Acetum - i.e. Vinegar
COOH
5. | Oxalic acid Obtained from oxalis plant.
COOH
6. HCOOH Formic acid Obtained from formicus [Red ant]
7. CH 3 – CH – COOH Lactic acid Obtained from lactous (milk)

|
OH
8. CH 2 – COOH Malic acid Obtain from Apple

|
CH(OH)COOH
9 CH3CH2CH2COOH Butyric acid Obtained from butter.
10. CH3(CH2)4COOH Caproic acid Obtained from goats.
11. C2H5OH Grain alcohol Obtained from barley.
important notes
2 N ot e s N OM E N C LAT U R E
(ii) On the basis of property

1. Glucose - Sweet in test 2. Glycol - Sweet poisnous
3. Glycerol - Sweet
(Glycus - Sweet)
(iii) On the basis of discovery

1. RMgx (Grigard Reagent) 2. R2Zn (Frankland reagent)
(iv) On the basis of structure
S.No. No. of Carbon atom Word Root

(i) 1C Meth
(ii) 2C Eth
(iii) 3C Prop
(iv) 4C But
(v) 5C Pent
(vi) 6C Hex
(vii) 7C Hept
(viii) 8C Oct
(ix) 9C Non
(x) 10C Dec
Common Names for Hydrocarbon Derivatives

S.No. Compound Name
1. R–X Alkyl halide
2. R – OH Alkyl alcohol
3. R – SH Alkyl thio alcohol
4. R – NH2 Alkyl amine
5. R–O–R Dialkyl ether
6. Dialkyl ketone
7. R–NH–R Dialkyl amine

8. Trialkyl amine
9. R–O–R’ Alkyl alkyl’ ether
10. Alkyl alkyl’ ketone
11. R–NH–R’ Alkyl alkyl’ amine

12. Alkyl alkyl’ alkyl” amine
R is termed as alkyl - -)
important notes
GROUPS
Atom or a group of atoms which possess any ‘free valency’ are called as Groups.
If their are two structure of same molecular formula then some prefix (n, iso, neo) are used two
differentiate them.
Normal group : –
(a) It is represented by ‘n’.
(b) Groups having no branch (Straight chain).
(c) Free bond will come either on Ist carbon atom or on last carbon atom.
n – butyl CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 –
n – propyl CH3 – CH2 – CH2 –
Iso group : –
When one methyl group is attached to the second last carbon of the straight carbon chain is named
as iso group.
H3 C  CH  CH 3  C H  CH 2  CH 3  C H  CH 2  CH 2 
e.g. | | |
CH3 CH 3 CH 3
Isopropyl Isobutyl Isopentyl
Exception :
CH 3 CH 3
| |
CH 3  C CH 2  C H  CH 2  CH 3  C  C H  CH 2 
| | | |
CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
(i) Iso octyl (ii) Iso heptyl
Neo group : –
(a) When two methyl groups on second last carbon of a straight carbon chain is attached to other four
carbon atom group is named as neo group.
(b) It is represented by following structure -
C C
| |
CCC for eg. CCC– Neo pentyl
| |
C C
(c) There should be one 4° carbon and atleast three methyl group on 4° carbon.
NOTE : (Optically Active) = If all valency are attached to different atoms.

Amyl group : –
H
|
CH3  CH2  C  CH2  CH3  CH2  CH – CH3  CH2  CH2  CH  CH3  CH  CH 
| | | | |
CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3
|
CH3
Active amyl Secondary amyl Active secondary amyl Active iso secondary amyl
important notes
Secondary group : –
(a) The carbon having free valency attached to two carbon is called secondary carbon.
(b) It is represented by following structure. C  C  C  C
|
eg. (i) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3 (ii) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 2 – CH 3

| |
(secondary butyl) (secondary pentyl)

Tertiary group : –
(a) The carbon having free valency attached to three other carbon .
C
|
(b) It is represented by following structure - C  C C
|
CH3 CH3
|
(i) CH3  C CH3
|
e.g. CH3  C CH2  CH3
| |
(Tertiary butyl) (Tertiary pentyl)

Alkyl group : –
When a hydrogen is removed from Alkane (saturated hydrocarbon) then alkyl group is formed.
A bond is vacant on alkyl group on which any functional group may come.
alkane  H
 Alkyl -
(CnH2n+2) (CnH2n+1)
e.g.
(i) CH4 
H
 CH3 –
Methane Methyl
(ii) CH3– CH3 
H
 CH3–CH2 –
Ethane ethyl
CH3–CH2–CH2–
–H n-Propyl
(iii) CH3–CH2–CH3
Propane CH3–CH–CH3
iso-Propyl
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–
–H n-Butyl
(iv) CH3–CH 2–CH2–CH3
n-Butane CH3–CH–CH2–CH3
Sec. Butyl
CH3–CH–CH2–
(v) CH3–CH–CH3 –H
iso-butyl
iso-butane
CH3–C–CH3
tertiary-butyl
important notes
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–
n-pentyl
–H
(vi) CH3–CH –CH2–CH2–CH3 CH3–CH–CH2–CH2–CH3
n-pentane active secondary amyl
C2H5–CH–C2H5
secondary amyl
CH3–CH–CH2–CH2–
iso-pentyl
CH3–C–CH2–CH3
–H
(vii) tertiary-pentyl
iso-pentane C2H5–CH–CH2–
active amyl
CH3–CH–CH–
Active isosecondary amyl
CH3 CH3
(viii) –H
CH3 CH3
neo-pentane neo-pentyl
Alkenyl group : –
alkene 
H
 Alkenyl -
(CnH2n) (CnH2n–1)
CH2 = CH – CH2= CH – CH2– CH3 – CH = CH –

Vinyl Allyl Propenyl(1-propenyl)
CH3  C  CH2
|
Isopropenyl (1-methyl-1-ethenyl)
important notes
Alkynyl group –
alkyne 
H
 Alkynyl -
(CnH2n–2) (CnH2n–3)
CH  C – CH  C – CH2– CH3 – C  C –
Ethynyl Propargyl (2-propynyl) Propynyl (1-propynyl)
Alkylidene group –
alkane from
    Alkylidene -
–2 H
same carbon
Alkylene group
alkane from
    Alkylene -
–2 H
different carbon
Position of double bond : –

In an unsaturated hydrocarbon if the position of double bond is on Ist or last carbon then it’s prefix
will be  (alpha) if it is on 2nd carbon it is termed as  (Beta) & the  (gamma) &  (delta) and so
on.
eg. H2C = CH – CH2 – CH3   - butylene
H3C – CH = CH – CH3  - butylene
H3C – CH2 – CH = CH2   - butylene
H2C = CH – CH3 or H3C – CH = CH2 (Both are same positions, propylene)
H3 C  C  CH2
| Isobutylene
CH3
CH3–CH2–CH=CH–CH2–CH3     - hexylene
CH3 – CH2 –CH2 –CH=CH–CH2 –CH2 – CH3
 - octylene
COMMON – NAMING OF DIHALIDES
(a) When two same halogen atoms are attached to the same carbon such compounds are called
Gemdihalides.
(b) Common names of such compounds are alkylidene halides
I
Cl
I
eg. : Cl H3
Ethylidene chloride Isobutylidene Iodide
X
Exception : Methylidene halide (wrong)
X
Methylene halide (right)
important notes
(c) When two same halogen atoms are attached to adjacent carbon, these are called as vicinal dihalides.
Common names of such compounds are alkylene halide.
Cl
|
eg CH3  CH  CH2 Propylene Iodide H3 C  C  CH2  Cl Isobutylene chloride
| | |
  CH3
(d) When two same halogen atoms are attached at the two ends of a carbon chain its common naming
will be polymethylene halide.
‘poly’ word indicates the number of –CH2– groups.
–CH2– 2 3 4 5 6
Poly di tri tetra penta Hexa
CH2  CH2  CH2 CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2

eg. | | | |
  Br Br
Trimethylene Iodide Pentamethylene Bromide
Exception : –
CH2 – X dimethylene halide (wrong)
|
CH2 – X ethylene halide (right)
COMMON - NAMING OF DI-HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
(a) When two –OH groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms they are termed as alkylene glycol.
OH
CH3  CH2  CH  CH2 |
| | CH3  CH2  C  CH2  OH
OH OH |
CH3
Butylene glycol Active amylene glycol

(b) When two –OH group are attached at the two ends of a carbon chain, these compounds are named
as polymethylene glycol.
Poly  Number of CH2 groups.
CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2

CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2
eg. : | |
| |
OH OH
OH OH
Tetra methylene glycol Hexamethylene glycol
Exception :
CH2 – OH Dimethylene glycol (wrong)
|
CH2 – OH Ethylene glycol (right)
important notes
PROBLEMS
Make the structure of following organic compounds -
1. Isopropylidene Bromide 2. Active amylene Iodide
3. Isobutylene glycol 4. Isobutylene 5. Trimethylene glycol
_________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
 OH
Br | |
1. CH3–C 2. CH3  C  CH2   3. CH3  C  CH2  OH 4. H3 C  C  CH2 5. CH2  CH2  CH2
Br | | | | |
CH3 CH2  CH3 CH3 CH3 OH OH
_________________________________________________________________________________
COMMON-NAMING OF THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP HAVING CARBON
(Common naming for Hydrocarbon derivatives)

S.No. Functional group Suffix
O
(i) || -ic Acid
 C  OH
O O
(ii) || || -ic anhydride
O
||
(iii) C  O  R -ate
O
(iv) || -amide
C  NH2
O
(v) || -yl halide
C  X
O
(vi) || -aldehyde
C  H
(vii) – C  N -o-nitrile
(viii) N  C
 -o-isonitrile
Prefix : –
1 Carbon    Form- 2 Carbon  Acet-
 Normal
3 Carbon  Propion- 4 Carbon  Butyr |
 Iso -
5 Carbon 
Valer 3 C + (=) double bond = Acryl - 4 C + double bond = Croton-
important notes
O O
eg. || ||
H C H CH3  C  O  H
Formaldehyde Acetic Acid
O O
|| ||
CH3  CH2  C  Cl CH3  CH  C  NH2
|
CH3
Propionyl chloride Isobutyramide

O
||
CH3  C  H
Acetaldehyde
NOMENCLATURE OF ESTER
O
||
C  O  R
The group which is attached to the oxygen is written as alkyl & the remaining structure is named on
the basis of Functional Group suffix.
O O O
|| || ||
eg. (i) H  C  O  CH3 (ii) CH3  O  C  H (iii) CH3  C  O  H
Methyl formate Methyl formate Acetic acid
O O O
|| || ||
(iv) CH3  C  O  CH3 (v) CH3  C  O  CH2  CH3 (vi) CH3  CH2  C  O  CH2  CH3
Methyl acetate Ethyl acetate Ethyl propionate
O O
|| ||
(vii) CH2  CH  C  O  CH2  CH3 (viii) CH 3  CH  CH  C  O  CH 3
Ethyl acrylate Methyl crotonate
NOMENCLATURE OF ANHYDRIDE
Rule : – Add the total number of carbon atoms & divide it by 2, the substract will give you the
number of C - atom. Now name it according to suffix use for anhydride.
Total
= Substract
2
= Number of C atom
4 O O 6 O O
=2 || || =3 || ||
2 2
Acetic anhydride Propionic anhydride
important notes
If R  R’, You need not to find out substract.

O O
|| ||
eg.
Acetic propionic anhydride (right)

Propionic Acetic anhydride (wrong)
Divide it in two parts as above & name it by suffixing ic anhydride (alphabatically)
CH3 O
O O | ||
eg. || ||
O
| ||
CH3 O
Butyric propionic anhydride Isobutyric Secondary valeric anhydride
O
||
O
Acrylic anhydride
||
O
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Q.1 Which of the following is not a neo structure:–
(A) –C (B) –C –C– C (C) (D) –C–C
Ans. C
Sol. A carbon must be attached with four carbons.
Q.2 Acryl aldehyde is -

(A) A saturated aldehyde (B) An alkene
(C) A polymer (D) An unsaturated aldehyde
Ans. D
Sol. CH2 = CH – CHO unsaturated aldehyde.
Q.3 The common name of the compound CH2  CH  C  CH  CH2 is -

||
O
(A) Divinyl ketone (B) Diallyl ketone (C) Both A and B (D) None
Ans. A
Sol. CH2 = CH – is called as vinyl group.
important notes
Q.4 Common name of CH2=CH–CN is :

(a) acrylonitrile (b) vinyl cyanide (c) allyl cyanide (d) allyl nitrile
(A) a, b and d (B) a, and b (C) only b (D) a, b and c
Ans. B
Q.5 The number of possible alkyl groups of iso octane are -

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
Ans. B
CH 3
CH 3  C CH 2  C H  CH 3
|
Sol.
| |
CH 3 CH 3
1+1+1= 3
Q.6 Write the common names of the following compounds
1. CH3 – CH2 – CN 2. CH3  CH  CH2   3. CH3  CH2  CH  CH2  F

| |
CH3 CH3
CH3
|
4. CH3  CH  CH2  CH2  Cl 5. CH3  CH2  CH  CH2  OH 6. CH3  CH2  CH2  C  NH2
| | |
CH3 CH3 CH3
7. CH2 = CH – SH 8. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  C H  NH 2 9. CH3  CH2  CH  OH

|
|
CH 3 CH2
|
CH3
CH3
|
10. CH3  C  CH2  SH 11. CH3  C  CH2 12. CH  C – CH2 – Br
| |
CH3 NH2
_________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
1. Ethyl cyanide 2. Isobutyl Iodide
3. Active amyl fluoride 4. Iso pentyl chloride
5. Active amyl alcohol 6. Tertiary hexyl amine
7. Vinyl thio alcohol 8. Active secondary amyl amine
9. Secondary amyl alcohol. 10. Neopentyl thio alcohol
11.Isopropenyl amine 12. Propargyl Bromide
_________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
MCQ
Q.1 Which of the following are secondary radicals :
(a) CH 3  C H  C 2 H 5 (b) CH 2  C  CH 3 (c) CH2=CH–

| |
(d) (CH3)2CH–
(A) a, b, c, (B) a, d, c (C) b, c, d (D) a, b, d
Q.2 Common name of the structure C H 2  OH
CH 2  OH
|
(A) Ethylene Glycol (B) Ethene dialcohol (C) Glycerol (D) Ethylene alcohol
O
||
Q.3 Common name of the compound CH3  CH2 C  NH2 is -

(A) Acetamide (B) Propionamide (C) Butyramide (D) Acetic amide
Q.4 The structure of 2–butenyl radical is :
(A) CH 3  C H  C 2 H 5 (B) CH3–CH=CH–CH2–

|
(C) CH 3  CH 2  C|  CH 3 (D) CH 2  CH 2  C CH 3
|
Q.5 Which one is structure of Maleic acid

O
||
H  C  C  OH
||
(A) HO  C  C  H (B) HO  CH  COOH
|| |
O CH 2  COOH
O
||
HO  CH  COOH H  C  C  OH
(C) | (D) ||
HO  CH  COOH H  C  C  OH
||
O
Q.6 Common name of the structure CH 3  C O  CH  CH 2 is :
||
O
(A) vinyl acetate (B) acryle acetate (C) methyl acrylate (D) Vinyl ethanoate
Q.7 Which is the structural formula of isoprene
CH 3
|
(A) CH 3  C  CH 2 (B) CH 2  C  CH  CH 2
|
CH 3
Cl
|
(C) CH 2  C  CH  CH 2 (D) CH3–CH=CH–CH3
important notes
Q.8 The number of gem dihalides possible with the molecular formula C2H4X2 and C3H6X2 is given
by the set :
(A) 1, 2 (B) 2, 1 (C) 2, 2 (D) 1, 1
Q.9 Common name of the compound C6H5CHO

(A) Anisole (B) Benzaldehyde (C) Salicylaldehyde (D) None of these
_________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
Q.1(D) Q.2(A) Q.3(B) Q.4(B) Q.5(D) Q.6(A) Q.7(B) Q.8(A) Q.9(B)
_________________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS
Q.1 Write down the structures of the following -
1. Di allyl amine 2. Tri methyl amine
3. Di isobutyl ether 4. Di isopentyl ketone
5. Di Active amyl amine 6. Di normal propyl ether
7. Tri neopentyl amine
Q.2 Write down the common names of the following :
CH3 O O
| || ||
1. CH3  C  N  C 2. CH3  CH  C  Cl 3. CH3  CH2  CH  C  NH2

| | |
CH3 CH3 CH3
Ans.(1) 1. CH2=CH–CH2–NH–CH2–CH=CH2 2. CH3  N  CH3

|
CH3
3. H3 C  CH  CH2  O  CH2  CH  CH3 4. H3 C  CH  CH2  CH2  C  CH2  CH2  CH  CH3

| | | || |
H3 C CH3 CH3 O CH3
5. CH3 CH2 CHCH2  NHCH2 CHCH2 CH3 6. CH3–CH2– CH2–O–CH2–CH2– CH3

| |
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
| |
7. CH3  C  CH2  N  CH2  C  CH3
| | |
CH3 CH2 CH3
|
CH3  C  CH3
|
CH3
Ans. (2) 1. Tertiary valero-isonitrile 2. Isobutyryl chloride 3. Secondary Valer amide
important notes
DERIVED SYSTEM
According to this system name to any compound is given according to the parent name of the
homologous series. This system is reserved for the following nine homologous series.
S.No. Name of Homologous series Derived Name Structure of group

|
1. Alkane Methane C
|
2. Alkene Ethylene >C=C<
3. Alkyne Acetylene C  C 
|
4. Alkanol Carbinol  C  OH
|
|
5. Alkanal Acetaldehyde  C  CHO
|
|
6. Alkanoic acid Acetic acid C
|
COOH
|
7. Alkanoyl halide Acetyl halide  C  COX
|
8. Alkanamide Acetamide –C– CONH2
| |
9. Alkanone Acetone  C C C 
| || |
O
Types of Ethylene:– (Symmetrical & Unsymmetrical)

(a) Symmetrical : –In the given two alkyl groups one group is attached to the one carbon of ethylene
& next on the next carbon.
(b) Unsymmetrical : – When both the given groups are attached on the same carbon.
Note : Symmetrical & Unsymmetrical : –Terms are used only when two alkyl groups are given.
eg.
Symmetrical dimethyl ethylene Unsymmetrical dimethyl ethylene
Symmetrical ethyl methyl ethylene
Tri methyl ethylene
Tetra methyl ethylene
CH3 – C  C – CH3 Dimethyl acetylene
important notes
PROBLEMS
Write down the derived names of the following compounds
CH3
|
1. CH2 = CH – CH2 – C  C – H 2. CH3  C  OH
|
CH3
H CH3 O
| | ||
3. CH3  CH2  C  OH 4. CH3  C  C  H
| |
CH3 CH3
H O H O
| || | ||
5. CH3  CH2  C  C  H 6. CH3  C  C  OH
| |
CH3 CH3
H H
| |
7. CH3  C  CH3 8. CH3  CH2  C  CH3
| |
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3 H
| | |
9. CH3  C  CH3 10. CH3  C  C  CH  CH3
| | | |
CH3 CH3 H CH3
__________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
1. Allyl acetylene 2. Tri methyl carbinol
3. Ethyl methyl carbinol 4. Tri methyl acetaldehyde
5. Ethyl methyl acetaldehyde 6. Di methyl acetic acid
7. Tri methyl methane 8. Ethyl di methyl methane
9. Tetra methyl methane 10. Tertiary butyl Isopropyl methane.
__________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
The name consists of three parts:

Prefix + Word root + Suffix
Secondary Primary [No. of carbon Primary Secondary

[Details of [Nature of atoms in the [Nature of carbon [Details of
substitutents] Carbon chain principal chain] carbon bond] functional
cyclic/acylic] group]
Primary Prefix : It represents the nature of the principal / parent chain.
Nature of chain Primary Prefix
Acyclic / Non-cyclic –
Cyclic Cyclo
Bicyclic Bicyclo
Tricyclic Tricyclo
Spiro Spiro
Secondary prefix : It represent substituents.
Word root : It represents the number of carbon atoms in the principal / parent chain.
No. of carbon atoms Word root
1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex
7 Hept
8 Oct
9 Non
10 Dec
11 Undec
12 Dodec
13 Tridec
20 Eicos
30 Triacont
40 Tetracont
Primary Suffix : It represents the nature of C–C bonds in the principal/ parent chain (whether
single bond, double bond or triple bond).
Nature of bond Primary suffix
Saturated
C–C single bond ane
important notes
Nature of bond Primary suffix

Unsaturated
C = C bond ene
C  C bond yne
2C = C bonds diene
2C  C bonds diyne
C=C+CC ene + yne = enyne

*
* If secondary suffix starts from a vowel or y then the last ‘e’ of first suffix is omitted.
Secondary suffix : is used for functional groups.
SATURATED UNBRANCHED HYDROCARBONS
IUPAC name = Word Root + Primary Suffix
e.g.
CH4 Meth + ane = Methane

CH3 – CH3 Eth + ane = Ethane
CH3–CH2–CH3 Prop + ane = Propane
But + ane = Butane
Pent + ane = Pentane
Hex + ane = Hexane
CH3(CH2)9CH3 Undec + ane = Undecane
CH3(CH2)28CH3 Triacont + ane = Triacontane
SATURATED BRANCHED CHAIN HYDROCARBONS
Principal / parent chain
Branch / Substitutent
Rules for naming Branches
R – H  R –
H
Alkane Alkyl substituent
(CnH2n+2) (CnH2n+1)
e.g.
Alkane Alkyl IUPAC names
(1) CH4 –CH3 Methyl
(2) C 2H 6 –C2H5 Ethyl
important notes
Naming of complex alkyl groups

(i) Longest chain in a branch is selected starting from the same and where it originates from.
(ii) Numbering is started from the originating end of a branch.
(3) C 3H 8 –CH2CH2CH3 Propyl

CH3
1
– CH
1– Methyl ethyl
CH3
2
4 3 2 1
(4) C4H10 –C4H9 CH3CH2CH2CH2 – Butyl
1 2 3
CH3–CH–CH2–CH3 1-methyl propyl
CH3
3 2 1 2-methyl propyl
H3C–CH–CH2–
CH3
2
H3C–C–CH3 1,1-dimethylpropyl
1
CH3
5 4 3 2 1
CH3–CH– C– CH2–CH2–
(5) 3,3,4-trimethyl-pentyl
CH3 CH3
SATURATED BRANCHED CHAIN HYDROCARBONS
Rules
(1) Longest chain rule : Select the longest possible carbon chain as the parent chain or principal
carbon chain. All other carbon chains will be considered as side chain or substituents.
C–C–C–C–C
C–C
Longest chain
C containing
6 carbon atoms
(2) If there is more than one longest chain possible then select the chain which contains maximum
number of side chains
C C
C–C–C–C–C C–C–C–C–C
C–C C–C
Correct Incorrect
important notes
(3) Lowest set of locant rule : The number given to the side chain is locant. While numbering the
parent chain, lowest set of locants rule needs to be followed. According to this rule, that set of
locants will be considered which has got a lower number at the first point of difference.
I = ( 2, 2, 3, 6, 8) Correct
II = ( 2, 2, 4, 4, 5) Incorrect
First point of
difference
* First set will be considered in this case.
2 4 6 8 10 12 2,4,6-Trimethyldecane (Correct)
1 3 5 7 9 11
2 6 8 10
3 4 5 7 9 3,4,5-Trimethyldecane (correct)
1
(a) Side chains are always written in alphabetical order.
4
5 2
1
3
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane
(b) Di, tri, tetra etc. are not considered in comparing alphabetical order.
5
3–Ethyl–2, 4–dimethyl hexane
1
3 4
2 6
(c) If lowest set of locants rule is not applicable then numbering is done according to alphabetical
order.
2 4 6 6 4 2
3 5 7 5 3
1 7 1
Locant–3, 5 (correct) Locant–3, 5 (incorrect)

(d) If Di, tri, tetra etc. are part of name of complex name then they considered in alphabetical
order.
2 6
3 4
1 5 7
4-(1,1-Dimethyl)-3, 5-diethylheptane
important notes
7 1
(e) 5-Ethyl-3,4-bis(1-methylethyl)-2-methylheptane
5 3
6 4 2
bis , tris, tetrakis are used for complex alkyl substituents
e.g.
1 2 3 4 5
(1) CH3–CH2–CH–CH2–CH3 3-methylpentane
CH3
2
(2) 3-ethylhexane
1 3
CH3–CH2–CH–CH2–CH3
4CH
2
5CH
2—CH
6 3
3 4 5
(3) CH3–CH2–CH–CH2–CH3 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
H3C–CH–CH3
2 1
1CH3
2 CH—CH
3
(4) CH3–CH2–3CH–CH2–CH3 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dimethyl-pentane

4CH—CH3
5CH
3
CH3
1 2 3 4 5 6
(5) CH3–C–CH2–CH2–CH–CH3 2,2,5-trimethylhexane
CH3 CH3
6 5 4 3 2 1
(6) CH3–CH2–CH—CH–CH2–CH3 3-Ethyl-4-methylhexane
CH3 CH2
CH3
H3C CH3
CH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(7) CH3–CH–CH2—C—CH2–CH2–CH3 2-methyl-4-bis(1-methylethyl)heptane
CH3 CH
H3C CH3
important notes
CH2–CH3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(8) CH3–CH2–CH2—CH–CH–CH2–CH3 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-ethylheptane
H3C–C–CH3
CH3
PROBLEMS
Give IUPAC Name of following compounds :
CH 3 CH 3
| |
(1) CH 3CH 2  C  CH 2CH 3 (2) CH 3  C — CH  CH 2CH 3
| | |
CH 3 CH 3 CH 2CH 3
(3) CH 3  CH — CH  CH 3 (4) (CH3CH2CH2)2 CH–CH2CH2CH3

| |
C2H5 C2H5 CH
H3C CH3
(5) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3
|
H 3C  CH  CH  CH 2  CH 3
|
H 3C  CH  CH 3
C 2 H 5 CH 3 CH 3
| | |
(6) CH 3CH 2  CH — C — CH 2  CH 2  CH  CH 2 CH 2CH 3
|
C(CH 3 )3
(7) ( CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 CH — CH  CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
|
CH ( CH 3 ) 2
CH 3
|
H 3C  CH  CH  CH 2CH 2 CH 3
|
(8) CH 3  (CH 2 )5  CH  CH 2  CH  CH 2CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
|
CH 2 CH 3
____________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
(1) 3,3-Dimethylpentane (2) 3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
(3) 3,4-Dimethylhexane (4) 4-(1-methylethyl) – 4 – Propyl heptane
(5) 3-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane (6) 4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-3-ethyl-4,7-dimethylhexane
(7) 4-(1-Methylethyl)-5-propyloctane (8) 7-(1,2-Dimethylpentyl)-5-ethyl tridecane
____________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
UNBRANCHED UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON

Numbering of carbon chain
Rule-1 : If unsaturated bond is present in the molecule at the terminal carbon, then numbering done from the side
of unsaturated carbon.
1 2 3 4
eg. CH2 = CH – CH2 – CH3 But–1–ene
1 2 3 4
eg. CH  C – CH2 – CH3 But–1–yne
Rule-2 : If unsaturated bonds like double bond and triple bond is present at terminal carbon, then numbering
always done from double bonded terminal carbon.
(Double bond preferred over triple bond when both bonds are at same position)
1 2 3 4
eg. CH2 = CH – C  CH But–1–en–3–yne
Rule-3 : If unsaturated bonds like double bond or triple bond is present at terminal carbon, then numbering is
done from either way.
1
eg. CH 2 3 4
2 = CH – CH = CH 2 But–1, 3–diene
1
eg. CH 2 3 4
2  C – C  CH But–1, 3–diyne
Rule-4 : If triple bond is present at terminal carbon and double bond is located at any carbon except other
terminal carbon. Then numbering is done from triple bond.
1 2 3 4 5
CH  C – CH  CH – CH3 Pent – 3 – en – 1 – yne
Rule-5 : If double bond is present at terminal carbon and triple bond is present at any other position except
other terminal carbon, then numbering is done from double bonded terminal carbon.
1 2 3 4 5
eg. CH2 = CH – C  C – CH3 Pent – 1 – en – 3 – yne
MCQ
Q.1 Correct IUPAC nomenclature of the given compound
(A) Hexa–1, 5–dien–3-yne (B) Hex–3–yn–1, 5–diene
(C) Hex dieneyne (D) Hexeneyne
Q.2 Which is the correct order for numbering in the given compound.
2 4 4 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 3 5 5 3 1 1 3 3 1
Q.3 Write correct IUPAC name for given compound.
(A) Hexa–2, 4–diyne (B) But–2, 4–diyne (C) Pent–2, 4–diyne (D) Tetra–2, 4–diyne
Q.4 Which is correct structure for penta–1, 4–diyne
(A) (B) (C) (D)
___________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
Q.1 (A) Q.2 (A) Q.3 (A) Q.4 (A)
___________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
BRANCHED UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON

Longest chain :
Rule-1 : If unsaturated bonds like double bond or triple bond is present in the molecule, then that parent chain
is considered which is containing unsaturated bonds like double bond or triple bond.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
eg. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH – CH = CH2 Parent chain
|
CH2 – CH2 – CH3
6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 – CH = CH – CH – CH = CH2
eg. |
CH2 – CH2 – CH3
Rule-2 : A primary suffix is added to the word root to indicate presence at double or triple bond in the parent
chain.
For one double bond = Word root + locant + ene
For one triple bond = Word root + locant + yne
In case the parent chain contains two or more double bonds, the prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc. are used
before primary suffix.
For two double bonds = Word root + locant + diene

For two triple bonds = Word root + locant + diyne
Numbering of carbon chain :

Rule-1 : In branched alkene, select that parent chain which is containing maximum unsaturated double bond or
triple bond and follow properly of lowest locant rule.
1 2 CH3 CH3
CH = CH2 1 2 4 |5 6 7
3
CH3 – CH = C – CH – CH – CH2 – CH3
eg. eg.
Cyclohexyl eth -1-ene 4, 6-dimethyl hept-2-ene
1 2 3 2 1
C  CH CH2 – CH = CH2
4 5 6
eg. eg. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – C = CH – CH3
Cyclohexyl eth -1-yne 4–Butylhexa-1-4-diene
Rule-2 : In branched alkene, if unsaturated double bond or triple bond is present in the cyclic ring, then
numbering is done from double bonded carbon of the cyclic ring and follow lowest locant rule properly.
6
1 CH2 – CH3
5
4
eg. 2
3
1-ethyl cyclohex-1-ene
important notes
MCQ
Q.1 Which is the correct way of number in the given compound.

O
6 5 4
O 3 2 1 O 4 6 O 5 O
5 1 3
(A) 4 2 (B) 4 6 (C) 3 1 (D) 6 2
3 5 2 1
Q.2 Which is the correct structure for given IUPAC name

2–Ethyl–3–methyl Pent–2–en–1–al
H H H H
O O O (D) O
(A) (B) (C)
Q.3 Which is the correct structure for given IUPAC name.

7–ethyl–2, 4, 5, 6–tetramethyl deca–1,8–diene
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
Q.4 The IPUAC name of is
(A) 3–methyl cyclohexene (B) 1–methyl cyclohex–2–ene

(C) 6–methyl cyclohexene (D) 1–methyl cyclohex–5–ene
important notes
Q.5 Which is correct match.

IUPAC Name Structure
Cl
(A) 2–(2'–chloropropyl) hexa–1,3,5–triene
(B) 3, 7–dimethyl hepta–1, 3–6–triene
OH
(C) 3, 4–dimethyl pent–1–en–2–ol
(D) 3–methyl cyclopent–1–yne
Q.6 Which is incorrect match in the following-

Structure IUPAC NAME
(A) Octa –1– en–4–yne
(B) 4–Ethyl –2–Cyclopropylhex–1–ene
(C) 3, 3–dimethyl pent–1–en–4–yne
(D) 2–methyl–3–ethenyl cyclohexa–1, 3–diene
___________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
Q.1 (A) Q.2 (A) Q.3 (A) Q.4 (A) Q.5 (A) Q.6 (D)
___________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
IUPAC NAMING OF ORGANIC COMPOUND CONTAINING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

In IUPAC nomenclature functional groups are categorized into two type.
TypeI : Groups of this type are not considered as functional groups in IUPAC nomenclature. They are considered
as substituents & therefore represented by prefix. type I functional group & their prefix are shown
below:
Groups Prefix
–F fluoro
– Cl chloro
– Br bromo
–I iodo
– NO2 nitro
– NO nitroso
– OR alkoxy
–C–C–
epoxy
O
Rules for their nomenclature :
Rule I : If two substituents are present on same position from different ends, then priority is decided on the basis
of alphabetical order.
5 4 3 2 1
CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2
| |
Cl Br
Rule II : If multiple bond and type I functional group both are present, the priority is given to multiple bond.
1 2 3 4 5
H3C – CH = CH – CH – CH2 – Cl
Rule III : These groups are written is alphabetical order in IUPAC name.
5 4 3 2 1
eg. (i) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH – CH3 2-fluoropentane
|
F
F
|
(ii) H3C – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH – Cl 5-chloro-2-fluoroheptane
|
CH2
|
CH3
F
|
(iii) H3C – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH – Cl 3-chloro-5-fluoroheptane
|
CH2
|
CH3
important notes
(iv) H3C – CH – CH – CH – CH3 3, 5-dimethyl-4-nitro heptane

| | |
CH2 NO2 CH2
| |
CH3 CH3
(v) CH2 – CH2 – CH – CH2 – C – CH2 – CH3 2-ethyl-4-iodo-6-nitroso hex-1-ene

| | ||
NO I CH2
(vi) HC = CH – C – CH2 – CH2 – Cl 1-chloro-3-chloroethylbuta-1, 3-diene

| ||
Cl CH2
(vii) H3C – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3 ethoxy ethane
(viii) H3C – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 1-ethoxy propane
(ix) H3C – CH2 – CH – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 2-propoxy butane

|
CH3
(x) H3C – CH2 – CH – O – CH – CH3 2-(methyl ethoxy) butane or 2-isopropoxy butane

| |
CH3 CH3
Epoxides :
(1) CH3 – CH – CH2 1, 2-epoxy propane
O
(2) 3, 4-epoxy heptane

O
Cl
(3) 2-chloro-5, 6-epoxy octane
O
O
(4) 1, 3-epoxy propane
O
(5) 2, 4-epoxy-3-methyl pentane
Type-II : Groups of this type are treated as functional groups and represented by suffix in IUPAC nomenclature.
Priority table for functional group.
important notes
S.No. Functional group Name Suffix Prefix

O
(1) || Carboxylic acid oic acid Carboxy
 C  OH
(2) – SO3H Sulphonic acid sulphonic acid Sulpho
COC
(3) || || Acid anhydride oic anhydride –
O O
(4)  C  OR Ester oate (alkyl+w.r.+oate) Alkoxy carbonyl

||
O
(5)  C  Cl Acid chloride oyl chloride Chlorocarbonyl

||
O
(6)  C  NH 2 Amide amide Carbamoyl

||
O
(7) –CN Cyanide nitrile Cyano
(8) –NC Isocyanide isonitrile Isocyano
(9) – CHO Aldehyde al oxo / formyl
(10) C Ketone one Oxo/Keto

||
O
(11) – OH Alcohol ol Hydroxy
(12) – SH Thio-alcohol thiol Mercapto
(13) – NH2 Amine amine Amino
(14) (=) ene
(15) () yne
Note : Double bond & triple bond are not true functional groups.
w.r.  Word Root
Rule for their nomenclature :
(1) Selection of parent 'C' chain : longest possible 'C' chain with functional group and having maximum
number of multiple bonds is selected as parent 'C' chain.
CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
|
C OOH
important notes
CH2 = CH – C H – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH3 – CH2 – C – CH2 – CH – CH3

| || |
C OOH C H2 OH
(2) Numbering :
(a) Numbering starts from the side of functional group for numbering priority order is given below :
Functional group > Multiple bonds > Substituents
(b) If chain ending 'C' containing functional group is present then numbering starts from the 'C' of functional
group these functional groups are known as DON category functional groups functional groups of this
category are shown below :
– COOH – CN
COC
|| || – CHO
O O
– COOR – COCl
– CONH2
Rule 3 : 'e' of primary suffix is dropped if secondary suffix starts from a vowel.
Example of compounds having don category functional groups :
(i) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – COOH Butanoic acid
(ii) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3 2-methyl butanoic acid
|
COOH
O
||
(iii) CH 3  CH 2  C  CH 2  CH 2  C  Cl 4-ethyl pent-4-en-1-oylchloride
||
CH 2
O
||
(iv) C methanamide
H NH2
CHO
(v) | ethandial
CHO
(vi) NC – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 butane nitrile

O
||
(vii) H2N – C – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH = CH2 3-ethenyl hex-5-en-1-amide
|
CH
||
CH2
O
||
CH2 = CH – CH – C – Cl
(viii) | 2-(3-chloropropyl) but-3-en-1-oyl chloride
Cl – H2C – H2C – CH2
important notes
O
||
R–C–O–R
Ester :
alkanoate alkyl
 alkyl alkanoate
e.g.
O
||
(i) CH3 – C – O – CH3 Methyl ethanoate
O
||
(ii) H – C – O – CH3 – CH3 ethyl methanoate
O
||
(iii) CH3 – CH – CH2 – C – O – CH3 methyl-4-chloro-3-methyl butanoate
|
CH2 – Cl
O
||
(iv) Cl – CH2 – O – C – CH3 chloromethylethanoate
(v) H3COOCCH3 methyl ethanoate
O
||
C H 2  C  O  CH 3
|
(vi) H 3C  H 2 C  CH  C O  CH 3 methyl-2-ethyl butane-1, 4-dioate.
||
O
Anhydride : Nomenclature of anhydride is done on the basis of the carboxylic acid from which it is obtained.
O
O ||
|| CH3– C
–H2O
CH3–C–OH + CH3 – C – OH O
|| CH3– C
O ||
O
ethanoic acid ethanoic anhydride
O O
|| ||
CH3– C H2O
CH3–C–OH + CH3 –CH2 – C – OH
O
||
H3C–CH2 – C O
||
O
ethanoic propanoic anhydride
important notes
O
||
CH2– C
| O butanedioic anhydride
CH2– C
||
O
O
C Benzene carboxylic
O propanoic anhydride
C
O
O
C Benzene carboxylic-3-phenyl
O propanoic anhydride
C
O
O
C Benzene carboxylic anhydride
O
C
O
O
C
O Benzene carboxylic cyclohexane
C carbocyclic anhydride
Example of compounds having functional group other than DON category :

OH
|
1. H 3C  CH 2  CH 2  C H  C H  CH 3 (3–propylheptan–2–ol)
|
H 3C  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2
OH
|
CH2= CH–CH2–CH–CH–CH3 3–butyl hex–5–en–2–ol
2. |
H3C–H2C–H2C–CH2
important notes
SH
|
H3C–C – C – CH2 – CH3 2–methylpent–l–ene–3–thiol
3. ||
CH2
Me
|
CH2 – CH – SO3H heptane–2, 5–disulphonic acid
|
4. CH2 – CH – SO3H
|
Et
O
||
CH3–CH = CH – C – CH2 – C– CH2–CH3 5–methylene oct–6-en–3–one
5. ||
CH2
6. 3–(1–methyl butyl) pent–3-ene–1–sulphonic acid

SO3H
7. 3–ethylhexan–2–amine
NH2
CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH3
8. | N–ethyl pentan–3–amine
NH–CH2–CH3
N–Chloromethyl–N–methyl pentan–2–amine
N
9.
Cl
POLYFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS
Rule-I : If more than one functional groups are present then one is selected as principal functional group and
represented by suffix. Other functional groups are treated as substituents & represented by prefix.
Selection of principal functional group is done according to priority table
O
||
1. HS  CH 2  C H  C  OH (3–mercapto–2–methylpropanoic acid)
|
CH 3
O
||
2. chloromethanoylchloride
Cl Cl
important notes
O
|| amino methanomide (Urea)
3.
H2N NH2
CN CN
2–ethenyl–2–isocyano propane–1,3–dinitrite
4.
CN
O
3–oxo pentanal
5.
O
O
2-hydroxy-3-oxo pentanoic acid
6. HO
OH
O
O
7. NH2
2–amino ethanomide
NH2
Rule-II : When principal group is selected then there is no use of priority table.
COOH
|
H – C – OH 3–amino–2–hydroxy butane – 1, 4–dioic acid (Incorrect)
|
8. H – C – NH2
| 2 – amino – 3– hydroxybutane –1, 4–dioic acid (Correct)
COOH
Rule-III : If any DON functional group is present as sec. functional group then its 'c' is not included in principal
'c' chain except –CHO group.
O
||
9. NC – H2C – H2C – C – OH 3–cyanopropanoic acid
O
||
CH2 – C – OH
|
10. CH2 – C – Cl 3-Chloro carbonylpropanoic acid
||
O
important notes
H2 N O
11. Carbamoyl methanoyl chloride
Cl O
12.
H2N 3-Ethylpent-4-yn-1-amide
||
O
Rule-IV : As secondary functional group, if 'C' of –CHO group is included in percent 'c' chain then oxo is used
as prefix, otherwise we use formyl group as prefix.
O O
13. || ||
4–oxobutanoic acid
H  C  CH 2  CH 2  C  OH
O
||
H – C – CH2 – CONH2 2–formyl butane–1, 4–diamide
14. |
CH2 – CONH2
O O O
15. || || ||
Cl – C – CH2 – C– CH2 – C –H 3, 5–dioxopentanoyl chloride
IUPAC nomenclature if DON category functional group is present as principal functional group
& its 'c' is not included in parent 'c' chain 
– COOH Carboxylic acid

–C–O–C–
|| || Carboxylic anhydride
O O
– COOR Carboxylate
– COCl Carbonyl chloride
– CONH2 Carboxamide
– CN Carbonitrile
– CHO Carbaldehyde
e.g.
COOH
1. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid
COOH
2. Benzene carboxylic acid
CH2 – CHO
|
CH2 – CHO
3. | Propane–1, 2, 3–tricarbadehyde
CH2 – CHO
important notes
CH2 – COOH
|
CH – CH2– COOH
4. | 3–Carboxymethyl pentane–1, 5–dioic acid
CH2 – COOH
O
||
C
O
5. C Cyclohexane-1, 2–dicarboxylic anhydride
||
O
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Q.1 The correct IUPAC name of the following compound is

O  CH  CH 2  C H  CHO
|
HC  O
(A) 1, 1–diformyl propanal (B) 3–formyl butanedial
(C) 2–formyl butanedial (D) 1,1,2–ethane tricarbaldehyde
Ans. D
2 1
Sol. The principal functional group is – CHO. O  CH  C H 2  C H  CHO
|
CHO
1, 1, 2  Ethanetricarbaldehyde
Q.2 The correct IUPAC name of compound CH 3  CH 2  C  C H  CHO is :

|| |
O CN
(A) 2–cyano–3–oxopentanal (B) 2–formyl–3–oxopentanenitrile
(C) 2–cyano–1, 3–pentanediaone (D) 1, 3–dioxo–2–cyanopentane
Ans. B
Sol. Here the main functional group is –CN, which had nitrile suffix and CHO and CO are taken as substituents.
5 4 3 2
C H 3  C H 2  C  C H  CHO (2–formyl–3–oxopentanenitrile)
|| |
O 1
CN
Q.3 The IUPAC name of compound HO  C  O C H 3 is

| |
CH 3  C  C  C  H
| |
NH 2 Cl
(A) 2–amino–3–chloro–2–methyl–2–pentenoic acid
(B) 3–amino–4–chloro–2–methyl–2–pentenoic acid
(C) 4–amino–3–chloro–2–methyl–2–pentenoic acid
(D) none of these
Ans. B
important notes
Sol. The principal functional group is carboxylic acid (–COOH)
HO  1C  O 5
C H3
| |
CH 3  C  C 
2 3 4
C H
| |
NH 2 Cl
3 - amino - 4 - chloro - 2 - methyl - 2 - pentenoic acid
O
||
Q.4 IUPAC name of compound CH 3CH 2 O C CH 2CH 2 CH 3 is
(A) Propyl propanoate (B) Ethyl butanoate
(C) Propyl butanoate (D) Ethyl propanoate
Ans. B
1 2 3 4
Sol. CH 3  CH 2  O  C C H 2  C H 2  C H 3
MCQ
Q.1 The IUPAC name of the compound having structure ClCH2–CH2–COOH is :

(A) 3–Chloro propanoic acid (B) 2–Chloro propanoic acid
(C) 2–Chloro ethanoic acid (D) Chloro succinic acid
OH
|
Q.2 The IUPAC Name of compound CH 3  C CH 2  OH is :
|
CH 3
(A) 2–Methyl–1, 2–propanediol (B) Isobutylene glycol
(C) 1-2–Dihydroxy–2–Methyl propane (D) 2–Hydroxy methyl–2–propanol
C H3 O
| ||
Q.3 The IUPAC name of CH 3  CH  C  CH 2  CH 2OH is -
(A) 1–Hydroxy–4–methyl–3–pentanone (B) 2–Methyl–5–hydoxy–3–pentanone
(C) 4–Methyl–3–oxo–1–pentanol (D) Hexanol–1–one–3
Cl
CH H2 C H2C Br
Q.4 IUPAC name of CH3 CH CH2 CH2
CH3
(A) 2–Chloro–3–methyl–7–bromo heptane (B) 7–Bromo–2–chloro–3–methyl heptane
(C) 1–Bromo–5–methyl–6–chloro heptane (D) 1–Bromo–6–chloro–5–methyl heptane
Q.5 IUPAC name of CH2=CH–CH2–Cl is :

(A) Allyl cloride (B) 1–Chloro–3–propene
(C) 3–Chloro–1–propene (D) Vinyl chloride
important notes
Q.6 The correct IUPAC name for CH3CH=C(COOH)CH2CH3 is :

(A) 3–Carboxy–2–pentene (B) 2–Ethylidene butanoic acid
(C) 2–Ethyl–2–butenoic acid (D) 3–Ethyl–2–buten–4–oic acid
Q.7 The number of carbon atoms in the principal chain of the given compound are :
CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  C COOH
||
OHC  C  CH 2  CH 3
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
Q.8 The IUPAC name of CH3–CH2–NH–CH3 is :

(A) Methyl ethyl amine (B) 1–methyl ethan amine
(C) N–methyl ethan amine (D) N–ethyl methanamine
Q.9 The name for the structure C–Cl

O
(A) Cyclo hexanoyl chloride (B) Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride
(C) 1–Chloro cyclohexanal (D) Chloro cyclohexyl methanal
Q.10 3–Methyl–2–pentanone is :
O C H3
|| |
(A) CH 3  C  CH  CH 2  CH 3 (B) CH 3  C H  CH 2  COOH
|
CH 3
O
||
(C) CH 3  C H  C  CH 2  CH 3 (D) CH3–CH2–CH=CH2
|
CH 3
Q.11 The name of ClH 2C  C  C CH 2 Cl according to IUPAC nomenclature system is :

| |
Br Br
(A) 2, 3–Dibromo–1,4–dichloro–2–butene (B) 1,4–Dichloro–2,3–dibromobutene–2
(C) Dichloro dibromo butene (D) Dichloro dibromo butene
Q.12 The systematic IUPAC name for CH 3  C NH 2 and CH 3  C Cl are :

|| ||
O O
(A) 1–Amino–1–oxo ethane, 1–chloro ethanal (B) 1–Amono ethanal, acetoy chloride
(C) 1–Oxoethanamine, ethanoyl chloride (D) Ethanamide, Ethanoyl chloride
Q.13 The IUPAC name of the compound C H 2  C  CH  C NH 2 is :

| | ||
NH 2 OCH 3 O
(A) 4–Amido–2–methoxy–1–amino–2–butene
(B) 4–Amino–3–methoxy–2–butenamide
(C) 2–Methoxy–1, 4–diamino–2–butenal
(D)1–Amino–2–methoxy–3–amido propene
important notes
H
Q.14 The correct name for C O is :
OH
(A) 2–Hydroxy cyclopentanal (B) 2–Formyl–1–hydroxy cyclopentane
(C) 2–Hydroxy cyclopentane carbaldehyde (D) Cyclopentane–2–ol–1–al
Q.15 The IUPAC name of Cl  C OC 2 H 5 is :

||
O
(A) Ethoxy formyl chloride (B) Ethoxy methanoyl chloride
(C) Ethyl chloro methanoate (D) Ethoxy carbonyl chloride
Q.16 IUPAC name of CH 3  C H  CH 2  C H  CH 3 is :

| |
CH 3 CN
(A) 2–cyano–3–methyl hexane (B) 3–methyl–5–ctabigexabe
(C) 2-4-Dimethyl pentanenitrile (D) 2–cyano–3–methylhexane
HO
Q.17 has the IUPAC name :
(A) 3,4–Dimethyl–1–penten–3–ol (B) Isopropyl–3–methyl vinyl carbinol

(C) 2,3–Dimethyl–4–penten–3–ol (D) None of the above
Q.18 Which of the following compound has wrong IUPAC name ?

(A) CH 3CH 2  CH 2 COO  CH 2 CH 3 (B) CH 3  C H  CH 2  CHO
|
( Ethyl butanoate)
CH 3
(3 – Methylbutanal)
(C) CH 3  C H  C H  CH 3 (D) CH 3  C H  C CH 2  CH 3
| | | ||
OH CH 3 CH 3 O
( 2  Methyl  3  bu tan ol ) (2 – Methyl – 3 – pentanone)
Q.19 The IUPAC name of the compound is :

HO
(A) 1, 1–dimethyl–3–cyclohexanol (B) 1, 1–dimethyl–3–hydroxy cyclohexane
(C) 3, 3–dimethyl–1–cyclohexanol (D) 3, 3–dimethyl–1–hydroxy cyclohexane
Cl
Q.20 The IUPAC name of the compound is

Br
(A) 6–bromo–2–chlorocyclohexene (B) 3–bromo–1–chlorocyclohexene
(C) 1–bromo–3–chlorocyclohexene (D) 2–bromo–6–chlorocyclohex–1–ene
____________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
Q.1 (A) Q.2 (A) Q.3 (A) Q.4 (D) Q.5 (C) Q.6 (C) Q.7 (B) Q.8 (C) Q.9 (B) Q.10 (A) Q.11 (A)
Q.12 (D) Q.13 (B) Q.14 (C) Q.15 (C) Q.16 (C) Q.17 (A) Q.18 (C) Q.19 (C) Q.20(B)
____________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
NOMENCLATURE OF ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(A) Unsubstituted cyclo compounds : Prefix + word root + suffix

Cyclo + no. of C + ane / ene
Example :
Cyclopropane Cyclobutane Cyclohexene
(B) Substituted cyclic compound (closed + open chain saturated)

Rule :
(i) If number of carbons in closed chain  no. of carbons in open saturated chain, then closed chain
will be selected as parent chain.
2
1 1
Example : 3
(Carbon of closed
3 2 4 5 chain)
1-methyl cyclo propane Propyl cyclo pentane
1 3
2
1-(2-methyl propyl) cyclohexane

(ii) If number of carbons in open chain > closed chain  Open chain is parent chain
3
1 4
2
5
6
2-cyclopentyl-4-methyl hexane
2 1
1 5 2
3
4 3
4
1-ethyl-2-methyl cyclobutane 3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl cyclopentane
Rule :
Cyclic compounds with functional group is considered as parent chain :
(i)
important notes
2 1
CH 2COOH
Cyclohexyl ethanoic acid
 If FG (–COOH) present on both cyclic and non-cyclic then number of carbon atoms is considered.
cyclopentyl cyclohexane
If unsaturation (Multiple bond) present
Rule :
Chain containing multiple bond is selected as parent chain
1 1 3 1
3 2
2
2
3-butyl cyclopropene 1-cyclopentyl ethene 3-cyclopentyl but–1–ene
If ring and non-cyclic side chain both containing double bond then check the number of C atoms and
given parent chain.
4 1'
3 3'
5
2'
1 2
3-(prop-2-enyl) cyclo pent-1-ene
Number of double bond is considered while selecting parent chain

5' 1 3
4' 1'
4
2
3' 2'
1-(cyclopent-2-enyl) buta-1,3-diene
In case of more than one multiple bond use suffix ‘a’ after word root.
3
2 4
5
1
6
5-propyl cyclohexa-1, 3-diene
important notes
O–C
O
(Parent chain)
Cyclobutyl cyclohexane carboxylate
O
O – C– CH2CH3
Cyclohexyl ethane carboxylate
– C– NH2 Carboxamide
O
O
eg. C– NH2 Cyclohexane carboxamide
NH–C– CH3 N–Cyclohexyl ethanamide

eg.
O
4 5
3–Cyclohexyl cyclopentanol
3
1
2
OH
Methylene cyclohexane
NOMENCLATURE OF BICYCLO COMPOUNDS
Bicyclo compounds : If two rings are fused at two common carbon atoms then compound are known as
bicyclic compound.
Bridge head
Bridge Bridge Bridge
* *
* *
Bridge head
Two common carbon Bridge should be present
(i) Unsubstituted bicyclo compounds

Prefix + Numbering of + Suffix
Bicyclo carbon atoms in
each bridge in
decreasing order
important notes
Biyclo (4.4.0) decane

(Bridge head C not considered)
eg. Bicyclo [2.2.0] Hexane eg. Bicyclo [2,1,1] Hexane
eg. Bicyclo [3,2,0] Heptane
(ii) Substituted bicyclo (Bicyclo with subtitution or functional group)

In substituted bicyclic compounds numbering starts from a bridge head carbon atom and proceeds
towards longest bridge then smaller bridge & then smallest bridge.
1
6 2 Cl
7 2–Chloro bicylo [2.2.1] heptane
5
3
4
1
2 6
OC 7 bicylo [2.2.1] heptane–7–carboxylic acid
eg. 3 HO
5
4
1
2
eg. 5 3
6 Bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane
4
1
5 2 6 Bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane–5–carboxylic acid

HOOC 3
4
5
6 9
HOOC 4
3 F.G. is preffered over double bond.
7 2 8
Bicyclo [3.2.2] dec–9–en–carboxylic acid
1
Bicyclo [3.2.2] non–8–ene–6–carboxylic acid
NOMENCLATURE OF SPIRO COMPOUNDS

Spiro comp. - Two cyclic rings are fused at one common carbon (only one bridge head)
*
* *
*
Spiro
important notes
spiro carbon
(1) (2)
eg.
Name : Prefix + no. of carbon in bridges in increasing order + suffix

Spiro [2. 4] heptane
Spiro [2.3] hexane

eg
Spiro Spiro [4. 5] decane
Rule for numbering : - In spiro compounds numbering starts from carbon of smaller ring which is next to spiro
carbon proceeds towards other carbon atoms of smaller ring then towards larger ring via spiro carbon
atom.
COOH 2
4
3
eg. 5 Spiro [2.3] hexane–4–carboxylic acid
6 1
OH
9 10 1
5
eg. 8 2
Spiro [4.5] dec–7–en–1–ol
7 6
4 3
COOH
1 5
4
6–amino spiro [2, 4] heptane–4–carboxylic acid
eg. 3
6
2 NH2
eg.
4
5 3
1
6 2
(1) (2) 1
Cyclopropyl cyclohexane COOH
Cyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid
3 2
4 2 Cl 1 CONH2
3
(3) 5 (4)
1 COOH 4 5
2-Chloro cyclopentane carboxylic acid Cyclopent-3-ene-1-carboxamide
important notes
3
2
1 COOH
(5) (6)
2-cyclopropyl cyclopropane
Cyclopropyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid
3 2 4 5 2
4
1 3 3 1 O
1
5 6 NH2 2 COOH 4 6
(7) (8)
3-(6-amino cyclohex-2-enyl) 5
cyclopentane carboxylic acid 2-methylene cycloehexan-1-one
4
4 2
3 5 Cl
1
3 COOH 2 6
(9) (10) 1
NH2
4-Cyclopentyl butanoic acid 5-Chloro cyclohex-2-en-amine
5
1
4
(11) (12) 3 2 Cl
1–cyclobutyl-2-chloro
3-cyclohexyl prop-1-ene cyclopentane
1
3' 1'
4' 2' 3
(13) 2 (14)
3-butyl cyclopropene 1, 2, 3–tricyclo propyl cyclopropane
O CHO
2 2 1
3 1 O
(15) (16) 4 5 (17) 3 4
2–cyclopentyl cyclo pentanone Cyclobut-2-ene-carbaldehyde
O O
Cyclohexane-1, 3, 5-trione
Rule : - If more than one functional group is present at cyclic chain, then principal function group (PFG) is
selected
O
1 3
COOH
2
2 1
eg. CHO
eg. CHO
2-formyl cyclobutane carboxylic acid 3–oxo cyclohexane carbaldehyde

important notes
PROBLEMS
Write the IUPAC Nomenclature of following compounds :
(1) (2) (3) (4)

COOH O
COOH
(5) (6) (7) (8) O

CN
(9) (10) (11) O (12)

H3C NH2
CHO COOH COOH
OH OH
Cl
(13) (14) (15) (16) O
Cl COOH
CHO O
(17) (18) (19) (20)
CONH2 CHO O
___________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER
(1) bicyclo [4.2.0] octane (2) bicyclo [4.3.0] non–7–ene

(3) bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane–2–carboxylic acid (4) bicyclo [4.2.0] octane–7–one
(5) bicyclo [2.2.2] octane–2–carbnitrile (6) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-7- carboxylic acid
(7) spiro [2.2.0] penta-1, 4-diene (8) spiro [4.5] decan–1–one
(9) spiro [2.3] hexane (10) 5-formyl spiro [3.3] heptane–1–carboxylic acid
(11) 8-oxo bicyclo [4.2.0] octane–2–carboxylic acid (12) 8-methyl spiro [4.5] decan–1–amine
(13) 1-chloro spiro [5.5] undecane (14) 4-chloro spiro [4.4] nonan–1–ol
(15) 1-hydroxy spiro [2.5] octane–4–carboxylic acid (16) spiro [2.5] octan–1–one
(17) bicyclo [3.2.0] hept–6–ene–2–carboxamide
(18) 7-oxo spiro [4.4] nonane–1–carbaldehyde (19) spiro [2.5] octane–1–carbaldehyde
(20) bicyclo [2.2.0] hexan–2–one
___________________________________________________________________________________
important notes
EXERCISE-1 (Exercise for JEE Mains)
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.1 The hybrid state of C-atoms which are attached to a single bond with each other in the following struc-
ture are : CH2=CH–C CH
(A) sp2, sp (B) sp3, sp (C) sp2, sp2 (D) sp2, sp3
[2030113501]
Q.2 In the compound HCC–CH2–CH=CH–CH3, the C2–C3 bond is the type of :
(A) sp – sp2 (B) sp3 – sp3 (C) sp – sp3 (D) sp2 – sp2
[2030110003]
Q.3 The number of acetynilic bonds in the structure are : CH  C  C CH  CH  C  N

||
O
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 4 [2030110074]
Q.4 Which of the following is the first member of ester homologous series?
(A) Ethyl ethanoate (B) Methyl ethanoate (C) Methyl methanoate (D) Ethyl methanoate
[2030110457]
Q.5 Which of the following compound’s prefix ‘iso’ is not correct –
(A) Iso pentane (B) Iso Hexane (C) Iso butane (D) Iso octane
[2030110640]
Q.6 The group of heterocylic compounds is:

(A) Phenol, Furane (B) Furane, Thiophene (C) Thiophene, Phenol (D) Furane, Aniline
[2030110360]
Q.7 The compound which has one isopropyl group is :
(A) 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl pentane (B) 2,2-dimethyl pentane
(C) 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane (D) 2-methyl pentane
[2030110120]
Q.8 A substance containing an equal number of primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms is:
(A) Mesityl Oxide (B) Mesitylene (C) Maleic acid (D) Malonic acid
[2030111693]
CH3
Q.9 How many secondary carbon atoms does methyl cyclopropane have ?
(A) Nine (B) One (C) Two (D) Three

[2030110670]
Q.10 (CH3)3C–CH = CH2 has the IUPAC name :

(A) 3, 3–Dimethyl–1–butene (B) 2,2–Dimethyl–1–butene
(C) 2,2–Dimethyl–3–butene (D) 1, 3–Dimethyl–1–propene
[2030110543]
Q.11 IUPAC name of CH2=CH–CH2–CH2–CCH is :
(A) 1, 4–Hexenyne (B) 1–Hexen–5–yne (C) 1–Hexyne–5–ene (D) 1, 5–Hexyene
[2030111749]
important notes
Q.12 The IUPAC name of the compound CH 3  CH  C CH 3 is :

|
CH 2  CH 3
(A) 2–Ethyl–2–butene (B) 3–Ethyl–2–butene (C) 3–Ethyl–2–butene (D) 3–methyl–2–pentene
[2030110346]
Q.13 Which of the following is a heterocyclic compound

HC  CH HC  COOH HC  CH HC  CH
(A) | S (B) | (C) | (D) |
HC  CH HC  COOH HC  CH HC  CH
[2030110045]
Q.14 The homologue of phenol is -
CH2OH OH OH OH
CH3 OH
(A) (B) (C) (D)
[2030110148]
Q.15 The IUPAC name of the following structure is [CH3CH(CH3)]2 C(CH2CH3)C(CH3) C(CH2CH3)2
(A) 3,5-Diethyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-[1-methylethyl]hept-3-ene
(B) 3,5-Diethyl-5-isopropyl-4,6-dimethylhept-2-ene
(C) 3,5-Diethyl-5-propyl-4,6-dimethylhept-3-ene
(D) None of these [2030112101]
Q.16 What is not true about homologous series ?

(A) All the members have similar chemical properties
(B) They have identical physical properties
(C) They can be represented by a general formula
(D) Adjacent members differ in molecular mass by 14 [2030112171]
Q.17 Ethyl methyl vinyl amine has the structure -

(A) CH3 CH2  N  CH2CH  CH2 (B) CH3 CH2  N  CH  CH2
| |
CH3 CH3
(C) CH2  CH  N  CH  CH2 (D) CH3  N  CH  CH2 [2030112373]

| |
CH3 CH3
Q.18 CH3–CH=CH–CCH, IUPAC name is :

(A) Pent–2–ene–4–yne (B) Pent–4–yne–2–ene (C) Pent–1–yne–3–ene (D) Pent–3–ene–1–yne
[2030112440]
Q.19 The IUPAC name of CH3–CC–C(CH3)3 is :
(A) Methyl teriarybutyl acetylene (B) t–Butyl propyne
(C) 4,4–Dimethyl–2–pentyne (D) 1,3,3,3–Tetramethyl ethyne
[2030112415]
important notes
Q.20 The IUPAC name for HC  C  C  CH  CH 3 is :

|
CH 3
(A) 3–methyl–2–pentene–4–yne (B) 3–Methyl–3–pentene–1–yne
(C) 3–methyl–4–pentyne–1–ene (D) 3–Methyl pentenyne [2030112270]
Q.21 The IUPAC name of the compound Glycerine CH 2  CH  CH 2 is:

| | |
OH OH OH
(A) 1,2,3-Tri hydroxy propane (B) 3-Hydroxy pentane-1,5-diol
(C) 1,2,3-Hydroxy propane (D) Propane-1,2,3-triol [2030112133]
Q.22 Which of the following is crotonic acid :

(A) CH2 = CH-COOH (B) C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
CH  COOH
(C) CH3-CH=CH-COOH (D) || [2030112570]
CH  COOH
Q.23 In which of the following species a carbon has sp-hybridization :

(A) CH3COOH (B) CH3COCH3 (C) CH3–CH2–CN (D)
[2030112750]
Q.24 The number of C-atoms in second member of an ester is/are :

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1 [2030111752]
Q.25 The number of primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atom in toluene is given by the set :
(A) 1, 6, 0 (B) 1, 5, 1 (C) 2, 5, 0 (D) 1, 6, 1
[2030111951]
Q.26 All the following IUPAC names are correct except:
(A) 1-Chloro-1-ethoxy propane (B) 1-Amino-1-ethoxypropane
(C) 1-Ethoxy-2-propanol (D) 1-Ethoxy-1-propanamine
[2030111912]
Q.27 What is the correct IUPAC name for the following compound ?
CH3
|
CH3 (CH2 ) 4 CH  C  CH2 CH2CH3
| |
CH3 CH2  CH3
(A) 3,4 - Dimethyl -3-propyl nonane (B) 6, 7 - Dimethyl -2- propyl nonane
(C) 6,7- Dimethyl -7- ethyl decane (D) 4- Ethyl- 4, 5-dimethyl decane
[2030111835]
Q.28 C3H6Br2 can shows:

(A) Two gem dibromide (B) Three vic dibromide
(C) Two tert. dibromo alkane (D) Two sec. dibromo alkane
[2030112020]
important notes
Q.29 Give the IUPAC name of
CH3
|
H3C  C  CH3
|
CH3  CH2  CH2  CH  CH  CH2  CH2  CH3
|
H3 C  CH
|
CH3
(A) 4-isopropyl-5-ter. butyl octane (B) 4-ter. butyl-5-isopropyl octane
(C) 2-methyl-3-propyl-4-ter. butyl heptane (D) 2, 2-dimethyl-3-propyl-4-isopropyl heptane
[2030111855]
Q.30 As per IUPAC rules, which one of the following groups, will be regarded as the principal functional
group?
(A) –CC– (B) –OH (C)  C  (D)  C  H
|| ||
O O
[2030111965]
Q.31 The IUPAC name of the compound Br (Cl) CH.CF3 is :
(A) haloethane (B) 1, 1, 1- trifluoro-2-bromo-2- chloroethane
(C) 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (D) 1-bromo-1-chloro-2, 2, 2- trifloro ethane
[2030112068]
Q.32 Which of the following are tertiary radicals :
  
(a) (CH3)3 C (b) (CH3)2 CH (c) (CH 3 ) 2 C C 2 H 5 (d) (CH3)3C– CH 2

(A) a, b (B) b, c (C) a, c (D) b, d

[2030112100]
Q.33 The correct IUPAC name for the given structure is :

C H3
|
CH 3  CH  CH 2  C H  CH 2  CH 3
|
H 3C  CH  CH 3
(A) 3–Isopropyl–4–methylhexane (B) 4–Isopropyl–3–methylhexane
(C) 3–Ethyl–2, 5–dimethylhexane (D)2–Ethyl–3–isopropylpentane
[2030112450]
Q.34 Number of 3° carbon and 1° hydrogen respectively in the following structure are :
Me Me Me H
| | | |
H  C  C  C  C  Me
| | | |
Me H Me Me
(A) 3, 21 (B) 3, 23 (C) 2, 18 (D) 3, 18

[2030112546]
important notes
Et Me
Q.35 The IUPAC name of is :
(A) 2,3–Dimethyl hexane (B) 2–Ethyl–4–methyl pentane

(C) 3–Ethyl–2–methyl pentane (D) 2,4–Dimethyl hexane
[2030112621]
Q.36 The IUPAC name of tert-butyl chloride is :
(A) 4–Chlorobutane (B) 2–Ethyl–2–methyl pentane
(C) 3–Ethyl–2–methyl pentane (D) 2–Chloro–2-Methyl propane
[2030112336]
Q.37 The correct nomenclature (IUPAC) for the following alcohol is :

CH3CH2 CH2CH3
C
CH3CH2 OH
(A) 2–Ethyl–2–butanon (B) 1–Ethyl–1–methyl–pentanol–1
(C) 3–Ethyl pentan–3–ol (D) diethyl ethanol [2030112501]
Q.38 Underline carbon is sp3 hybridised in :

(A) CH3–CH=CH2 (B) CH3CH2–NH2
(C) CH3CONH2 (D) CH3CH2CN
[2030112751]
Q.39 The IUPAC name of is :
(A) 1, 1–diethyl–2, 2–dimethylpentane (B) 4,4–dimethyl–5, 5–diethylpentane

(C) 5, 5–diethyl–4–, 4–dimethylpentane (D) 3–ethyl–4, 4–dimethylheptane
[2030112800]
Ph
|
Q.40 The IUPAC name of the compound is CH 3  CH  CH  NH 2
|
CH 3
(A) 1-Amino-1-phenyl-2-methyl propane (B) 2-Methyl-1-phenyl propan-1-amine
(C) 2-Methyl-1-amino-1-phenyl propane (D) 2-Chloro–2–Methylpropane
[2030112102]
Q.41 The IUPAC name of is -
(A) 4-ethyl -3- methyl hexane (B) 3-ethyl -4- methyl hexane
(C) 3-methyl -4- ethyl hexane (D) None of these [2030112560]
Q.42 I.U.P.A.C. name of compound is CH 3  C H  CH 2  CH (OH)  CH 3

|
CH 2 CH 3
(A) 4-methyl-3-hexanol (B) heptanol

(C) 4-methyl-2-hexanol (D) none of these [2030112950]
important notes
Q.43 The IUPAC name of the structure is:

H 2 N  CH  CH  CHO
| |
HOOC COOH
(A) 3-Amino-2-formyl butane-1, 4-dioic acid (B) 3-Amino-2, 3-dicarboxy propanal
(C) 2-Amino-3-formyl butane-1, 4-dioic acid (D) 1-Amino-2-formyl succinic acid
[2030112788]
Q.44 The correct IUPAC name of CH3  CH2  C  COOH is :

||
CH2
(A) 2-methyl butanoic acid (B) 2-ethyl- 2-propenoic acid

(C) 2- carboxy-1- butene (D) None of the above
[2030112664]
Q.45 IUPAC name will be CH 2  CH  CH 2

| | |
CN CN CN
(A) 1,2,3-Tricyano propane (B) Propane-1,2,3- trinitrile
(C) 1,2,3-Cyano propane (D) Propane-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile
[2030112731]
Q.46 The correct IUPAC name of :
CH3  CH2  CH  CH2COCl

|
CH3
(A) 3-methyl pentanoyl chloride (B) 3-methyl butanoyl chloride

(C) 1-chloro-3-ethyl butanone (D) 1-chloro-3-methyl pentanone
[2030112522]
Q.47 The IUPAC name of compound
(A) 1,2,3-Tricarboxypropan-2-ol
(B) 2-Hydroxy propane-1,2,3- tricarboxylic acid
(C) 3-Hydroxy-3-carboxypentane-1,5-dioic acid
(D) None
[2030111525]
(A) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-penten-4-yne (B) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-pentyn-1-ene

(C) 4-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentyn-4-ene (D) 4-ethyl-3-ethyl-4-penten-1-yne
[2030112551]
important notes
(A) 1-amino-2-carboxybenzene (B) 2-amino-1-carboxybenzene

(C) 1-amino-2-benzenecaroxylic acid (D) 2-aminobenzenecarboxylic acid
[2030112646]
Q.50 Which of the following compound is wrongly named ?

Column–I Column–II
(A) CH3 CH2 CH2 CHCOOH 2-Chloro pentanoic acid
|
Cl
(B) CH3 C  CCHCOOH 2-Methyl hex-3-enoic acid

|
CH3
(C) CH3CH2CH = CHCOCH3 Hex -3- en-2- one

(D) CH3  CHCH2 CH2 CHO 4-Methyl pentanal
|
CH3
[2030112201]
important notes
EXERCISE-2 (Exercise for JEE Advanced)
[REASONING TYPE]
These questions consists of two statements each, printed as Statement-I and Statement-II. While answering
these Questions you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(A) If both Statement-I & Statement-II are True & the Statement-II is a correct explanation of the Statement-
I.
(B) If both Statement-I & Statement-II are True but Statement-II is not a correct explanation of the
Statement-I.
(C) If Statement-I is True but the Statement-II is False.
(D) If Statement-I is False but the Statement-II is True.
Q.1 Statement-I : Pentane and 2-methyl pentane are homolo-gues.

Statement-II : Pentane is a straight-chain alkane, while 2-methyl pentane is a branched-chain alkane.
[2030113623]
Q.2 Statement-I : All the C atom o but-2-ene lie in one plane.

Statement-II : Double-bond C atoms are sp2-hybridised. [2030113674]
Q.3 Statement-I : The IUPAC name of citric acid is 2-hydroxy-propane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid.
COOH
HOOC COOH
OH
Citric acid
Statement-II : When an unbranched C atom is directly linked to more than two like-functional groups,
then it is named as a derivative of the parent alkane which does not include the C atoms
of the functional groups. [2030113725]
Q.4 Statement-I : Rochelle’s salt is used as complexing agent in Tollens reagent.

Statement-II : Sodium potassium salt of tartaric acid is known as Rochelle’s salt. The IUPAC name of
OH
COOK
Rochelle’s salt NaOOC is sodium potassium -2, 3-dihydroxy butane-1, 4-dioate.
OH
[2030113776]
Q.5 Statement-I : The IUPAC name of isoprene is 2-methyl buta-1, 3-diene.
Statement-II : Isoprene unit is a monomer of natural rubber. [2030113827]
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
Q.6 Which of the following statements is/are wrong ?

(A) CnH2n is the general formula of alkanes
(B) In homologous series, all members have the same physical properties
(C) IUPAC means International Union of Physics and Chemistry
(D) Butane contains two 1º C atoms and 2ºC atom [2030113825]
important notes
Q.7 Which of the following statement is/are correct ?

(A) Homologous series can be represented by a general formula
(B) The chemical properties of an organic compound depend on the functional group
(C) Group obtained by the removal of one H atom from the alkane are called alkyl groups
(D) Alkynes consist of one double-bond in their molecules
[2030113520]
Q.8 Which of the following statement is/are wrong ?
(A) Acetic acid is the systematic name of vinegar
(B) Me – C – OH is an unsaturated compound

(C) Prefixes like n–, iso, sec–, tert, neo– etc. are used in IUPAC system.
(D) The systematic names of acids are formed by dropping -e of the name of parent alkane and
adding –oic acid [2030113571]
O O
(A) R – C – O – C – R is an unsaturated compound
(B) Neohydrocarbons contain a 3º C atom

(C) The IUPAC name of isopropyl alcohol is propan-2-ol
(D) The IUPAC name of (CH3CN) is ethanenitrile [2030113622]

(A) Methane was named as fire damp as it forms explosive mixture with air
(B) Primary suffixes are added to the root word to show saturation or unsaturation in a C atom
(C) The IUPAC name of the valeric acid is pentanoic acid
(D) The common name of hexanoic acid is caproic acid [2030113673]

(A) The IUPAC name of amyl alcohol is pentanol
(B) The IUPAC name of isoamyl alcohol is 3-methyl butanol
(C) Wood spirit is methanol
(D) Methyl alcohol is also called carbinol [2030113724]

(A) The trivial names of organic compounds are called common names
(B) The systematic names of organic compounds are obtained from the IUPAC system
(C) The systematic name of alkanes are based on the number of C atom in the longest continous
chain of C atoms
(D) The maximum number of functional groups must be included in the C atom chain selected even
if it does not satisfy the longest chain rule
[2030113775]
important notes

(A) The common name of (HOOC – CH2 – COOH) is malonic acid
COOH
(B) the common name of is succinic acid
COOH
(C) The IUPAC name of (CH2 = CH – OCOCH3) is vinyl acetate

(D) The IUPAC name of acrylonitrile is pror-2-ene-nitrile [2030113826]

(A) The common name of benzene-1, 2-diol is catechol
(B) The common name of benzene-1, 3-diol is resorcinol
(C) The common name of benzene-1, 4-diol is quinol
(D) The common name of benzene-1, 4-diol is hydroquinone [2030113521]

(A) The common name of benzene-1, 2, 3-triol is pyrogallol
(B) The common name of benzene-1, 2, 4-triol is hydroxyquinol
(C) The common name of benzene-1, 3, 5-triol is phloroglucinol
(D) The common name of (CH2 = CH – Ph) is styrene
[2030113572]
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.16 Match the column

Column-I Column-II
Compound Structure
(A) C8H18 with only 1º H atom (P)
Me Me
(B) C6H12 with only 2º H atoms (Q) Me
Me Me Me
(C) C6H12 with only 1º and 2º H atoms (R)
(D) C8H14 and 12 secondary and 2 (S) Me

Me
tertiary H atoms
[2030113522]
important notes

Column-I Column-II
Compound Nature of H atoms
Me
(A) Me Me (P) 15 (1º H), 4(2º H), 1(3º H)
Me
Me Me
(B) Me Me (Q) 17 (1ºH), 2(2º H), 2(3ºH)
Me
Me Me Me
(C) Me (R) 2 (1ºH), 2(2ºH), 2º(3ºH)
Me
Me
(D) Me OH (S) 15 (1ºH), 2(2º H), 1º(3º H)

Me
Me Me
[2030113573]
Column-I Column-II
Compound Containing all the functional groups
(A) (P) 1º amine

HO
Vitamin D3
NH2
Ph
(B) Me (Q) 2 acohol
Amphetamine
O
Me
H
(C) (R) Triene
A cockroach repellent
found in cucumbers
(S) Aldehyde and ene
[2030113624]
important notes

Column-I Column-II
Compound Containing all the functional groups
O O Ph
NH O
Me
(A) H2N O (P) ene and diester
Aspartame
O
Ph
O Me
(B) N (Q) Carboxylic acid, 1º amine, amide

Demerol
Me
(C) O O (R) Ester

A synthetic cockroach repellent
(S) 3º amine
[2030113675]

Column-I Column-II
Structure Common name
O
(A) Me – C – Me (P) Caproic acid
(B) (Q) Carbinol
4 2
5
Me
1
3 COOH
(C) (R) Acetone

5 3
Me
6 1
4 2 COOH
(D) CH3OH (S) Valeric acid
COOH
(E) PhOH (T)
COOH
(F) Malonic acid (U) Carbolic acid [2030113726]
important notes
EXERCISE-3 (Miscellaneous Exercise)
Q.1 [2030113777]
Q.2 [2030113828]
Q.3 [2030113523]
Q.4 [2030113574]
Q.5 [2030113625]
Q.6 O2N OH [2030113676]
Q.7 [2030113727]
OH
Q.8 [2030113778]
Q.9 [2030113829]
Q.10 [2030113524]
important notes
Q.11 [2030113575]
Q.12 [2030113626]
Q.13 [2030113677]
Q.14 [2030113728]
Q.15 [2030113779]
Q.16 [2030113830]
Q.17 [2030113525]
Q.18 [2030113576]
Q.19 [2030113627]
Q.20 [2030113678]
Q.21 [2030113729]
important notes
Q.22 [2030113780]
Q.23 [2030113831]
Q.24 [2030113526]
Q.25 [2030113577]
Q.26 [2030113628]
O Cl
|| |
Q.27 CH 2  C  CH 2  CH  CH 3 [2030113679]
Q.28 [2030113730]
Q.29 [2030113781]
Q.30 [2030113832]
Q.31 [2030113527]
important notes
EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
(IIT JEE Previous Year's Questions)
Q.1 The IUPAC name of the compound having the formula is:
CH 3
|
H 3C  C  CH  CH 2
|
CH 3
(A) 3,3,3-trimethyl-1-propene (B) 1,1,1-trimethyl-2-propene
(C) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (D) 2,2-dimethyl-3-butene [JEE 1984]
[2030110004]
Q.2 Write the IUPAC name of CH3CH2CH = CHCOOH [JEE 1986]

[2030110094]
Q.3 The IUPAC name of the compound CH2=CH–CH(CH3)2 is:

(A) 1,1-dimethyl-2-propene (B) 3-methyl-1-butene
(C) 2-vinyl propane (D) None of the above [JEE 1987]
[2030110144]
Q.4 The number of sigma and pi-bonds in 1-butene 3-yne are: [JEE 1989]
(A) 5 sigma and 5 pi (B) 7 sigma and 3 pi (C) 8 sigma and 2 pi (D) 6 sigma and 4 pi
[2030110299]
Q.5 Write I.U.P.A.C name of following:
(a) Me = methyl group [JEE 1990]
CH 3
|
(b) H 3C  N — CH  CH 2CH 3 [JEE 1991]
| |
CH 3 C 2 H 5
[2030110220]
Q.6 Write IUPAC name of succinic acid. [JEE 1994]

[2030110190]
Q.7 The IUPAC name of C6H5COCl is

(A) Benzoyl chloride (B) Benzene chloro ketone
(C) Benzene carbonyl chloride (D) Chloro phenyl ketone [JEE 2006]
[2030110303]
important notes
Q.8 The IUPAC name of the following compound is [JEE 2009]

CN
Br
HO
(A) 4-Bromo-3-cyanophenol (B) 2-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzonitrile
(C) 2-Cyano-4-hydroxybromobenzene (D) 6-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzonitrile
[2030110175]
Q.9 The correct structure of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is [IIT-JEE 2010]

HOOC–CH2 CH2–COOH
(A) N–CH=CH–N
HOOC COOH
(B) N–CH2–CH2–N
HOOC COOH
(C) N–CH2–CH2–N
COOH
HOOC–CH2 CH2
H
N– CH – CH – N
(D) H CH2 CH2–COOH
HOOC
[2030110077]
SECTION-B
(AIEEE Previous Year's Questions)
Q.10 The correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the IUPAC
system of nomenclature is [AIEEE 2008]
(A) –SO3H, –COOH, –CONH2, –CHO (B) –CHO, –COOH, –SO3H, –CONH2
(C) –CONH2, –CHO, –SO3H, –COOH (D) –COOH, –SO3H, –CONH2, –CHO
[2030113578]
important notes
EXERCISE-1
Q.1 (A) Q.2 (C) Q.3 (C) Q.4 (C)

Q.5 (D) Q.6 (B) Q.7 (D) Q.8 (B)
Q.9 (C) Q.10 (A) Q.11 (B) Q.12 (D)
Q.13 (A) Q.14 (B) Q.15 (A) Q.16 (B)
Q.17 (B) Q.18 (D) Q.19 (C) Q.20 (B)
Q.21 (D) Q.22 (C) Q.23 (C) Q.24 (B)
Q.25 (B) Q.26 (B) Q.27 (D) Q.28 (A)
Q.29 (B) Q.30 (D) Q.31 (C) Q.32 (C)
Q.33 (C) Q.34 (A) Q.35 (D) Q.36 (D)
Q.37 (C) Q.38 (B) Q.39 (D) Q.40 (B)
Q.41 (B) Q.42 (C) Q.43 (C) Q.44 (B)
Q.45 (D) Q.46 (A) Q.47 (B) Q.48 (A)
Q.49 (D) Q.50 (B)
EXERCISE-2
Q.1 (B) Q.2 (A) Q.3 (A) Q.4 (B)

Q.5 (B) Q.6 (A), (B), (C) Q.7 (A), (B), (C) Q.8 (A), (B), (C)
Q.9 (C), (D) Q.10 (A), (B), (C), (D) Q.11 (A), (B), (C), (D)
Q.12 (A), (B), (C), (D) Q.13 (A), (B), (D)
Q.14 (A), (B), (C), (D) Q.15 (A), (B), (C), (D)
Q.16 [(A) Q; (B) R; (C) S; (D) P] Q.17 [(A) R; (B) P; (C) S; (D) Q]
Q.18 [(A) R, Q; (B) P; (C) S ] Q.19 [(A) Q, R; (B) R, S; (C) P ]
Q.20 [(A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q; (E) U; (F) T]
EXERCISE-4
SECTION-A
Q.1 (C) Q.3 (B) Q.4 (B) Q.7 (C)

Q.8 (B) Q.9 (C)
SECTION-B
Q.10 (D)
important notes
EXERCISE-1
H  H sp sp
3
C=C sp2
Q.1   Q.2 HC  C – CH2 – CH = CH – CH3
H CC–H
sp 
1 2 3 4 5 6
O O
Q.3 H – C  C – C – C–CH = CH – C  N Q.4 H – C – O – CH3
Acetynilic group
CH3 CH3
Q.5 CH3 – C – CH2 – CH – CH3 Iso Q.6

O S
•• ••
CH3
•• ••
Furan Thiophene
Not Iso group
CH3
2º
1º 1º 1º – Carbon  3
CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH2 3º 3º 2º – Carbon  3
Q.7 Q.8
2º 2º 3º – Carbon  3
ISO group 3º
1º
2º CH3
1º 2º – C  2
Q.9 3º Q.10 H3C – C – CH = CH2
3
4 2 1
2º
CH3
3,3-dimethyl-1-butene
Q.11 H2C = CH – CH2 – CH2 – C  CH Q.12 H2C = CH = C – CH3

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
1-Hexene-5-yne CH2 – CH3
4 5
3-methyl-2-pentene
Q.13 Compound having hetero -atom (as O, N, S etc) in cycle are known as heterocyclic compound.
Substituent
(ethyl) Substituent Substituent
CH3 (methyl) (ethyl)
Substituent
(methyl) CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2– CH3
H3C – CH – C – C = C – CH2 – CH3

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 CH – CH3
Q.15
2 CH3
Substituent
(1-methylethyl)
3, 5-diethyl-4,5-dimethyl -5-[1-methyl ethyl] hept-3-ene
important notes
H3C – CH2 – N – CH = CH2

5 4 3 2 1
Q.17 Ethyl CH3 Vinyl Q.18 H 3C – CH = CH – C  CH
Methyl Pent-3-ene-1-yne
CH3
1 2 3
Q.19 H3C – C  C – C – CH3 Q.21 H2C – CH – CH2
1 2 3 4 5
CH3 OH OH OH
4, 4-dimethylpent-1-yne
2º 1º
CH3
sp
3
sp
3
sp 2º 3º 1º – C  1
Q.23 H 3C – CH 2 – C N Q.25 2º – C  5
* 2º 2º 3º – C  1º
2º
(Toluene)
Functional
NH2 group
Q.26 H3C – CH2 – CH – O – CH2 – CH3

3 2 1
1-Ethoxy-1-propanamine ()
not
1-Amino-1-Ethyoxypropane (×)
CH3 CH3
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Q.27 CH3 – CH2 – CH2– CH2 – CH2 – CH – C – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
CH2
CH3
4-Ethyl-4, 5-dimethyldecane
Br
H3C – CH2 – CH
Br
Q.28 C3H6Br2 Terminal gem dibromide
Br
CH3 – C – CH3
Br
Non-terminalgem dibromide
important notes
CH3 (1, 1-dimethylethyl)

or
H3 C – C – CH3 (ter. butyl)
Q.29 CH3 – CH2 – CH2– CH – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4-terbutyl-5-isopropyloctane
CH2– CH3
CH3
(1, 1-methylethyl)
or
(isopropyl)
Cl F
CH3
6 5 4 3
Br – C – C – F
Q.31 Q.33 H3C – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH3
2 1
H F CH3 – CH – CH3
3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylhexane
1º 1º 1º
CH3 CH3 CH3 H 1º Carbon = 7
1º Hydrogen = 7 × 3 = 21
Q.34 H – C – C – C – C – CH3 3º Carbon = 3
3º 3º 4º 3º 1º
4º Carbon = 1
CH3 H CH3 CH3 2º Carbon = 0
1º 1º 1º
6
Et Me CH3
5
 H3C – C – Cl
3 2
Q.35 4 2 Q.36 CH3
3 1 1
2, 4-dimethylhexane
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
2 1
H H H
H3C – CH2 CH2 – CH3 H C – C – N
Q.37 Q.38
3
5 4 C H H H
CH3 – CH2 OH sp3
3-Ethylpentane-3-ol
Ph
CH3 – CH2 – CH – NH2
6 4 3 2 1
2
7 5 3 1 CH3
Q.39 Q.40 2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1- amine
3-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane
6 CH3
5 CH2 OH
Q.41
1
2
3
4
5
6 Q.42 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH3
4 3 2 1
3-ethyl-4-methylhexane 4-methyl-2-hexanol
important notes
2 1 3 2 1
Q.44 CH3 – CH2 – C – COOH Q.45 CH2 – CH – CH2
CH2 CN CN CN
3
Propane-1, 2, 3-tricarbonitrile
2-ethyl-2-propenoic acid
O
1 H2C – C – OH
CH3 O OH
2C
COOH
Q.46 H3C – CH2 – CH – CH2– C – Cl Q.47
5 4 3 2 1 3 CH2COOH
3-Methyl pentamoylchloride 2-Hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid
NH2
2
COOH
3 3 1
2 4
Q.48 5 Q.49 4 6
1
2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentene-4-yne 5
2-aminobenzenecarboxylic acid
CH3
Q.50 H3C – C  C – CH – COOH

5 4 3 2 1
2-methylpent-3-ynoic acid
EXERCISE-2
>C=C<
Q.2 As sp hybridised C atoms are planar, they lie in one plane
2
sp2 sp2
Me
Q.5 Isoprene is 4
1 2 3
Q.6 (A) The general formula of alkane is CnH2n + 2 .

(B) They have different physical properties , but same chemical properties
(C) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(D) It is correct
Me Me
1º
1º 2º 2º
important notes
Q.7 (A), (B) and (C) are self explanatory

(D) is wrong; alkyne consists of one triple bond
Q.8 (A) It is common name

(B) It is a saturated compound since it does not have (C = C) or (C  C) bonds
(C) They are used in trivial system
(D) It is correct
Q.9 (A) It is a saturated compound (B) It contains one 4º C atom
Me
(C) Me OH (Propan-2-ol) (correct) (D) CH32 – 1C  N (Ethane nitrile)
3
2
1
Q.16 (A – Q) C8H18, saturated alkane.

(B – R) C6H12 (1 D.U. means alkene or cyclic) It can be only (r).
2º
2º
Me (1º)
(C – S) C6H12(1 D.U., cyclic) 2º
Me (1º)
(D – P) C8H14 (1 D.U., cyclic)

2º (12 H) 1º (H)
2º (2H)
3º (1H)
2º (2H)
2º (2H)
2º (2H)
2º (2H)
3º (1H)
2º (2H)
1º
Me
2º 12 (1º H)
Me 2 (2º H)
Q.17 (A – R) 3º 1º
Me 3º
Me 2 (3º H)
1º 1º
1º
Me
1º 15 (1º H)
Me
(B – P) Me Me 4 (2º H)
1º 3º 2º Me 1º
2º
1º
1 (3º H)
1º 1º 15 (1º H)
Me Me Me
Me 1º 2 (2º H)
(C – S) 1º 4º
Me 3º 2º 1 (3º H)
1º
important notes
1º 2º 1º
Me 3º 3º 17 (1º H)
Me OH 2 (2º H)
(D – Q) 1º 4º
Me Me Me
1º 1º 1 (3º H)
EXERCISE-3
5 4
CH3–CH–CH3
Q.1 [ CH3 CH 3
CH2
1
2 CH–CH3
CH3
3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl pentane]
Q.2 [5-Methyl hepta-1,3,6-triene]
1 2 3 4 5
Q.3 [ CH 2  C  CH 2  CH  CH 3
| |
CH 3  CH  CH 3 CH 3
2-Isopropyl-4-methylpentene
or 4-Methyl-2-(methyl ethyl) pentene
[ CH  CH  C  CH
4 3 2 1
Q.4
2 2
|| |
O OH
1-Hydroxybut-3-en-2-one]
Q.5 CH 3  CH  C  CH 2  OH
|
CH 2  CH 3
2-Ethylbut-2-en-1-ol ]
3 2 1
Q.6 [ CH  CH  CH 2
| |
NO 2 OH
3-nitroprop-2-en-1-ol ]
OH O
| ||
Q.7 [ CH 2  CH  CH  C  C  CH
6 5 4 3 2 1
4-hydroxyhex-5-en-1-yn-3-one ]
important notes
Q.8 [ CH 3  C  CH 2  C  CH 3
|| ||
O O
Pentane-2,4-dione]
Q.9 [2,2,6,7-tetramethyloctane] Q.10 [3-Ethyl-4,6-dimethyloctane]

Q.11 [1,3-cyclobutadiene] Q.12 [1,2-epoxy propane ]
Q.13 [1,3,4-trimethyl-1-cyclobutene] Q.14 [Methylene cyclohexane]
Q.15 [1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane] Q.16 [Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid]
Q.17 [Cyclopent-2-en-1-one] Q.18 [1-(3-butenyl) cyclopentene]
Q.19 [1-cyclohexyl-1-propanone] Q.20 [Ethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate]
Q.21 [5-amino-6-(1-methyl propyl) cyclo-hex-2-enol]
Q.22 [2-bromo-2-methyl cyclopentanone]
Q.23 [Methyl-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3- cyclohexene carboxylate]
Q.24 [Bicylo(2.2.1)heptane] Q.25 [spiro (2.5) octane]
Q.26 [Bicyclo (3.1.0) hexane] Q.27 [4-chloro-1-cyclopentyl pentane-2-one]
Q.29 [4-isopropyl-1-propyl-1-cyclohexene or 4-(1-methylethyl)-1-propyl cyclohexene]
Q.30 [3-ethoxy-1(1-nitrocyclohexyl)-hex-4-en-1-one]
Q.31 [1,3-diphenyl-1,4-pentadiene]
EXERCISE-4
CH3
Q.1 H3C – C – CH = CH2
4 3 2 1
CH3
3, 3-Dimethyl-1-butene
Q.2 [ CH 3  CH 2  CH  CH  COOH
5 4 3 2 1
2-pentene-1-oic acid or 2-pentenoic acid ]
CH3
H     
Q.3 H 2C = CH – CH – CH 3 Q.4 H 
C = C – C  C – H
 
1 2 3 4
H
3-Methyl-1-Butene
 = 7
 =3
Q.5 (a) 5,6-diethyl-3-methyldec-4-ene (b) N,N, 3-trimethyl-3-pentanamine]
Q.6 [Butane-1,4-dioic acid ]

CN
1
O Br
6 2
C – Cl
Q.7 Carbonylchloride Q.8 HO 5 3
Benzene 4
2-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzonitrile
Q.10 Order of decreasing priority

–COOH > – SO3H > – CONH2 > – CHO
important notes

CDS - Sir - Iupac Sir Notes SMD Typed

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notes N OMENCLATURE 1

NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

COMMON OR TRIVIAL SYSTEM

Source Property Discovery Structure

(i) On the basis of source from which they were obtained.

S.No. Organic Trivial Name Source

3. CH4 Marsh gas (fire damp) It was produced in marsh places.

4. CH3COOH Vinegar Obtained from Acetum - i.e. Vinegar

7. CH 3 – CH – COOH Lactic acid Obtained from lactous (milk)

8. CH 2 – COOH Malic acid Obtain from Apple

10. CH3(CH2)4COOH Caproic acid Obtained from goats.

11. C2H5OH Grain alcohol Obtained from barley.

(ii) On the basis of property

(iii) On the basis of discovery

(iv) On the basis of structure

S.No. No. of Carbon atom Word Root

Common Names for Hydrocarbon Derivatives

7. R–NH–R Dialkyl amine

9. R–O–R’ Alkyl alkyl’ ether

10. Alkyl alkyl’ ketone

11. R–NH–R’ Alkyl alkyl’ amine

NOTE : (Optically Active) = If all valency are attached to different atoms.

eg. (i) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3 (ii) CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 2 – CH 3

(secondary butyl) (secondary pentyl)

(Tertiary butyl) (Tertiary pentyl)

Active isosecondary amyl

CH2 = CH – CH2= CH – CH2– CH3 – CH = CH –

Position of double bond : –

COMMON – NAMING OF DIHALIDES

CH2  CH2  CH2 CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2

Trimethylene Iodide Pentamethylene Bromide

COMMON - NAMING OF DI-HYDROXY COMPOUNDS

Butylene glycol Active amylene glycol

CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2

COMMON-NAMING OF THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP HAVING CARBON

(Common naming for Hydrocarbon derivatives)

Valer 3 C + (=) double bond = Acryl - 4 C + double bond = Croton-

Formaldehyde Acetic Acid

Propionyl chloride Isobutyramide

If R  R’, You need not to find out substract.

Acetic propionic anhydride (right)

Q.1 Which of the following is not a neo structure:–

(A) –C (B) –C –C– C (C) (D) –C–C

Q.2 Acryl aldehyde is -

Q.3 The common name of the compound CH2  CH  C  CH  CH2 is -

Q.4 Common name of CH2=CH–CN is :

Q.5 The number of possible alkyl groups of iso octane are -

Q.6 Write the common names of the following compounds

1. CH3 – CH2 – CN 2. CH3  CH  CH2   3. CH3  CH2  CH  CH2  F

7. CH2 = CH – SH 8. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  C H  NH 2 9. CH3  CH2  CH  OH

(a) CH 3  C H  C 2 H 5 (b) CH 2  C  CH 3 (c) CH2=CH–

(A) Acetamide (B) Propionamide (C) Butyramide (D) Acetic amide

Q.4 The structure of 2–butenyl radical is :

(A) CH 3  C H  C 2 H 5 (B) CH3–CH=CH–CH2–

Q.5 Which one is structure of Maleic acid

Q.9 Common name of the compound C6H5CHO

Q.2 Write down the common names of the following :

Ans.(1) 1. CH2=CH–CH2–NH–CH2–CH=CH2 2. CH3  N  CH3

3. H3 C  CH  CH2  O  CH2  CH  CH3 4. H3 C  CH  CH2  CH2  C  CH2  CH2  CH  CH3

5. CH3 CH2 CHCH2  NHCH2 CHCH2 CH3 6. CH3–CH2– CH2–O–CH2–CH2– CH3

Ans. (2) 1. Tertiary valero-isonitrile 2. Isobutyryl chloride 3. Secondary Valer amide

S.No. Name of Homologous series Derived Name Structure of group

8. Alkanamide Acetamide –C– CONH2