OMe Nia heaAbout this Book As computer graphics have become increasingly sophisticated, so have ‘our expectations fr realism. This ste forthe computer gars that we pay, ‘the animations that we watch, an the digital art that we enjoy. n the erly 1880s, when Pac Man was at te height of ts popularity, we were content 0 ‘watch litle creatures, whose circular bodies we only ever saw in profile, gobble ‘cach other up. Nw, we want to see Onimusha’ bulging muscles lex as he ‘ercely battles with his formidable opponents ‘The trouble, of cours, that on asuperfical level we ate ll exceedingly iar with the human body—both is formas well as is potent for acon “Whether you realize oF not, you have been studying the human body your “whole ife—when you brush your teeth in the morning, when you absent- ‘mindealy see other people walking down the street, when you watch your avorte musie sta perform on stage. Most of us dot ever think about it but in ‘our everyday lives we sce many different nts of people performing every imaginable action. Consequently, when we see CG figure who hasn't been well ‘rendered perhaps the hair looks funny oF the motion i awkward ar the lip- synch i offwe can be harsh in our erique, ‘This poses a real challenge For al digital ereatos, Not only do we need to be uent in whatever 2D oF 3D software programs we are using whether 1s [ystrator, Photoshop, LightWave 3D, 3D Studio Max, or any other ofthe many ‘excellent programs that are available fr digital artists—but we also need to have an extremely high lve of sill in the foundations of our arts. And for many ‘of us, this includes having a solid understanding of human anatomy ‘This book will elp you in your quest. Itexamines the human body and provides deeper knowledge ofthe various body parts and how they all work together, both in top motion as well as in action. Part: Structure presents the ‘human form. This begins with complete diagrams ofthe human bone and musculature structures, and then continues, body part by body part, with a thorough examination ofthe entire body. Part 2: Action analyzes a number of {typical movements strated by sequences of freeze-frame images each of these activities is presented in great deta, with alzention given to common, trouble spots All ofthe chapters are connected to each other, so there's no need 10 ‘reali fineay stead, tart with any section tat interests you and continue from there. We hope that this hook arswers all of your questions about the Jhaman body—an inspires you to ereate truly animated digital art "The EditorsContents ‘The Human Form 8 | The Moving Body 10 | The Flow of Moves Serenity in Actin Understanding the Body's Examining Bereonality in Action aes» 14). ic strict 8 the Human Musculd 92 Structure Exploring the Construction of Human Body Parts Eyes Feet Shoulders. Neck Chest Legs | j J @ ey a, i? 4) 24 30 36 42 48 54 Hands Arms Back & Waist Head Mouth 60 66 a z 3 S4 Nose & Bars Skin & Halt Face Figure Shapes of Ad y XN Re K 90, 96 102 108 1dACTION ANATOMY For Gamers, Animators, and Digital Art 129 Action Exploring the Mechanisms of Body Movements Getting up Sitting down Walking eee Running 122 128 134 140 146 Jumping ‘Throwing Standing Looking back 152 158 164 170 173 | Afterword 174 | IndexThe Human Form Bones support the core ofthe human body. Th spine isthe center, which provides Nlexible su tis the skull, which gives central protection, The bones of the arms and legs extend in four directions, Muscles extend over the bones to cover them, Above the muscles is the flesh oF skin, which shows v the surface. What form does the human bod take? What mechanisms are involved in human rious bulges on movements? Understanding the answers to these 1 first step in depieting the natural rmaverents of the human bodyThe | Moving BodyAwareness ) and | | Habits“The human body ie comprised of roughly 200 bones, al of whieh form 3 strong column to support the body and prose an armor to help it mov. Some bones etn actualy be seen right below the surface ofthe skin; they often look iffrent when in ‘motion. Hones manifest themselves aiferentiy opending on whothor they are beneath soft layers of fat or muscle, or are protruding: The skin gets taut where the muscle is working creating many forms of expression. A ‘one’s form ean change ‘greatly during movement Bones canbe divided roughly into two parts: hard bones and soft cartilage. Cartilage refers to areas between the joints at the hase ofthe frontal ibs, oF fon the nose, for example. B; | 1 f arms, hands _ Pages 60-71 How Joints Are Constructed 'sic Model for Joints Joint Shapes — © @ whi int alt Parts That Support a Joint’s Movement 3 $ og = negejont seadleiont ane jonthead, neck rages 42-47, 78-83 arms, hands Pages 60-71hips, legs, feet Pres 30-35, 54-59, 72-77 ecco epee Ses ‘mest of he musedes exist in a complicated mG Beet echoes tears renter : Metererce mete a ies . iat (= BEE etiieprecenictens Vtg, mo wands, Beta the sles, i, =a - shins, a place with little muscle or fat and with, See ce ac tater pox oceans a Describing and Explaining Movement Yielding to Gravity Motionless Tension Momentary Ripples Nostmuscesruncouerto the uints The Thinker a famous work of When ou ror jun, Ueymppot That mors tetera oa there bythe 1thvceury sculptor the moment yx hd, oe Petites acl werk The exception feria The sty nin dep eg misces—starting with Butengrviy eat nor The fre of houg. Even yon dit now tke the caves, then he Tealvdepenswpon the wee and es tle othe sculpture, youcan tell” thighe—titen tftiemater in avetion 1 thes ar the tie dongs by momentary ou can te ress io ety gravy. Onthe og at hin The way he reste Ms tha ge have lad surbdy ein ehow ons kn, hey isthe way hema yt ere ig sndercuts sche carl be pet creting oarsmen. Whe yout ures tsb seine sulder muscle nas ke ies nthe Meee wil roi Trento Utes he nai ecm | weteeTh eat mule tlt oor anne wil a to your Mlpecinly depict he cert tovement eaten pon ning te fat meakena RM eetcrlrarectonin © uh Hs\rorisferored is aferta {sinc yusiecriaore teria srmetwii msenrtenion se THE Power in Repose ished When we wrenthe neon cree cura wenn Mica state of Did ates he sna Josteniorhoun esse aps tn tithe thoght Ilya ta capers he emai strength moms efor ae wh Mane icatowaut arcing tne ate of elm rors in the way he rss hs weight on gh aor arm tig nie When yu css fs creates ut the it amount 0 Awe, isnt by fred uncross your bss ar non nthe ams, ad tha i rane inte the trun Te simple ack 2c the head, fot, aul hands proportionately fate, tet nt ffthinting, wtih on the surfew ger than the rest ofthe body no just a tik ofthe aly tothe useless tay sor unre tomoverent, ae to expmes physical pre. Me precise muscle Alexa rebut aso (Heute nucle tenon that sala BOFtraval, expec contrast better tense ae fae aie ocala a fhe chanersineuned theta ces ‘ty Mastered muscles and . flow of energy. Attention to the details of muscles at toi Pet accrove ecto pe ee egret res airvine WIA MICGRID a> Exploring the Construction of Human Body Parts ‘The goal of this book is to portray people as naturally as po STE One See MOR ence Pea ee aa eee is complex, and many diverse part Pee one eee) Sere sr eee os OT eR oe eee ee Preorearea? RRO a eRe oe eee) Soe aaeye proportions -: pupils The eel perms sal ond Th moron hl th rs . eye muscles superior rect SS a = ‘Seeybas Twisde ofh ayebal cid bate steel esas26 eye whites The srtce of the white par of the te pupil Many epilaries run across the surface Blood pools to these capllaries Athen the ees become ted or lack le mang te eyes re Eye whites ae asia white wih sly bin bu ean change according to o's heath The constr secretion of tars reales a small pool of water between the eyes and the eyelids to ep the eyes nos eyelids A thin yer of male eles the eyes bent ‘The lower id move Analhnigher can burn that Feveaing the veins beneath the ski surface and eeatng dar ticle. The shape o has sb eval ferences, eyelashes Byelashes ar about inch Jong. The upper ashes ten to be ticker and chimped ether, umber about 1000 150, There are about 90 to TS lower lashes. Eyelahes appear to grow parallel to each cer, bt they actually ‘veriap to protect the eves from dust, The nurber of ‘eyelashes varies sreatly trom person to person, The more ‘eyelashes one has, the more Toticeable they are -=3. Animal eyes esmmvometstandto be very ‘Sia ama such oe bids havens Thaway hom oes move & brdrovee thease setowhen semouh suerte aerate Itsopetfocs he sijecttecnmar flung ema he. animal eyes -: “The irises in rabbit’ eyes lack any pigmentation, Been at's pupils vera ‘longed, ke ast. This allows for rap igh adjustment. Cats that are noctumal animals need yes that help them navigate rimbiy through the dar ofthe night. The pois re vertical to rte thei ine of vision ha ie up and down. ena eats to climb toes and fences. Horses, on the other hand, have pupils that ae atreehes on it ands, wich inetineseyebrows «« is movements toon and straighten outthe Hee legs. The two maces that form the calves are connected : to the Achilles tendons. ce - Beeps ener a Saeed leg surfaces -s ne Dear th eae complex ines an wines on thrice the Emenee the picture more definition Diernce inn eondons can rake tho area below ihe lee Ute sy o dary Ascolored For gender ferences in ein sure, seonctes _- ge create seen Tmt Saye fee oro kneecap movements The kee hi a wide rads of movement The lower end of the emurstiks outa he back, and the tibia bastealy rotates lon the protiberance ofthe eur. ‘aes rg he Sabrent i femur ‘54 Leg muscles you cn inthokmortigh Thy connects at slat mati. Thay resaton eee Women ne ‘Serve through the sn ‘hepeli fem anf ba Thetwoconectathe Achietendom, ‘shite othe oppearanc there Terecustenere mal, whch an mua sed toben te koe an cham uy son hen rane dagenaly avons igh Tcasguetdmeay ant” 6. Gender dlfereneee tn skin inn sieshoa hoa Cannas the escapade outer cenectte pis tthe bones tOME bat bectse they shave, te Felowthe oars Thestorthtne Taro aeltscthi onthe cltharshnecan appear enn ourig Intech ofthe high Me esvile behind te kees The surace ners, button the hamstinar sonst ote cape russes ebded nates atthe Inner hgha a ars. The fans rerensnnts aed logesretourdn th backathe Rael at oa ns ate ni Semimenbreresosmuscies—wil__Cighs and ech ote posto _thkar arlogher compared the fi Thepaaterbunerteaneecs Capt Thoma muscle oops ast elope Thom pot the pitts ange tpt th, ekooasaremecnestnat—tgHenng he ook oe gs in hrasceare cated orm tecahesthegasvecramas dpi the complex ies tateipporting the body stain poston, te spa te ponte wai up. panei ar ore the i tan erin ty. tate postion for Your open ther ih ers wath This beings rand he tia 8 logs siitly apart. In re ost ir wot to cther of Werest our pce ced, wes our to the other es, ols oe ofan tat ilstate this58 ‘rst ona char, eossing ioe eons Wham yu pon wih he igh become ager ‘heey sprang te sous nore becouse woo sis eran Iookmore ago Meet sh his car hen ey st Sse ey std Dey pu a ‘weight oe of hero by ‘oss legs Utig eer one sitting and resting -« ‘There are many ways to sits siting eros legged on the ‘oor, siting ona hau and siting with your legs folded ‘on the Noor. When taking a seat om achat, unless you are fare ft yur legs wll pat slighty, We eros et legs and site them over to tense up ‘andreas the leg muscles, logo ground moan ones Create pre ht bl he er ‘ne han gs re crossed Men terdtoaete ute tt ony bho stose thy wos OF core, opti anmieg rosea fr neonate so thy ae sees reo sitting in seiza posture «> ‘This posture naturally straightens up your back sn pulls in sour hin. Telow the knees touch the ‘round, and the muscles on the thighs get pushed upto create a gentle curve. Blood ‘Grvlation becomes poor this cemsanding poste for the legs 127 se2—1 Japanese ‘osynrasy ‘nist snatedtboweagetness. Furs out at ear malig aa Ine tan st ame. owleggetnes ia cononin ise he loge ere at tha net ‘wou, Se sng Evoirons out spe with ben posture his ab ‘even Japateseingenay mate hoes sgh a och ‘jean le eth petzeted he Yor bck aren i ant oor boy igh and reste inthe gostenernurs aterm twa sith enles of leg movements files wi the and righ, totals 0 degrees knee With the eg rest the eg ean sng ef to snigN sea, (0, tNeentte env | vera, the shin partean righ Ikea pend toa fgeesiotie — thestraighened egean move only degrews {ota of 7 degrees—27 Eiiegeestothe | swingtock a degrees ond) forvard al end 145 degrees othe Ie ac 70 of AD degrees swirg up 135 egrees, fora degrees tothe back degrees the cutie fresrotatinct tcaleweep of a0 degrees. swinging ttl of 130 fachiothelek In (d)theaxisisat the degrees ine), shows that ott ofey a een for nnn TF Battin oiegweseen ‘rome ss the e mzanr pn comn-iecne others hats hate. Other habe nla and Sumasyitis ash fino ‘none kee olathe ‘ston but ao seemsto happen eat oa near expressive Siietines efor ce neapeatle movements te logs sano Tessns Ether wey tseensto_onsenot nes of amo ‘hen selegs hove noting uration Jumping or ney, hen hey aetna ar or mlig sl andi tps erwin youre sa my shat tots oyu feetioto ‘ah Th nal be conser“el . oa handsple 25.year-ok man angst yin on the stom the wrt to he ele nger.'s 7 inches. ro he ote tip ofthe thurs Aine. The woth is rarey more than bones «1 rae a as oe ee tones The tans ae ast the other thee rch At ta atta ere ra carl bans os tate dtsetaane here bosomestha seam ct oi butbecasse the Fe ft ie geist ni re hetlatcon. The rah oto 21. Na ate not bones ‘hove hordon Trot the 6hand muscles -2 The mls oe found wry inthe palm ofthe tad They help the gers open and close, Dit most of the moses that move the Fingers ae in the arm. roe sete aol hand surfaces -s The kn the back of he tad sin Bower, . arenes een ene ine ter eto dit Iernaningscoet Fa (comes rset te Engi \ print the op, Pte ae at Folin at Frosnschnge tom femn ofan 1=2.he muscles the pals muceslogte tho. tno at _—_srface Tica te instar sun he ti os ‘Rove the ogee ‘ether marc niet whenyultyeerands pnd hast cs cornea foaicr ae bey earpllis or when you raat a ig imovemonsin teeta Ths rv onponns lic, on ARetncl wines re tins, siarimersoes aod cept, 2 Brena the wrinkles on our msi nnn Setmentemewcaaltons ey Thebumps on the back of the Serre ers hale gets open an cls. Te romitilsersiihe alah da apharg ‘cppoers it mann, enor ditt Thema stebernces onthe ston te many ee musesin__arewener, Thea modest ‘mein bev end bast dig backthahendcanbedeskie amide Rind om lis —arened a, at oe ay ‘nbinimunlr re alegihe bse! depchent ard smog. Due gages ting’ and our te coute af n'y eee ‘hepetyliogr These muscles re toga, Vand tows dowtward, SUetces ound cn whine runatose mo alstasbaeiea Eats eypetenns The bg slg theloodvessesalngthe whe eager on Te tea Sa hie ach, 02open hand and closed fist -+ Tye Ores water Tenders diver he message he musclsin the faa ve conzacte how hands work «s ‘he main muscles fr moving the fingers are notin the had. The masces ot thecerial spine contract when fhgers Inove—very mich ike te mehr ow is. Clench your fist atthe tendo in hat arm wl natural tighten Insuevession. The pinky ad the hums are exceptions in that, unlike the other fies the have extra muscles nthe palm othe han to Help the move Otrwis,al five wees mae in the Fingusarenit stright totowismasederaenthetund arch Thospsebetnnenthe fingers _poietdtram te backof the hand esapnosrhnt your andthe cor Sing sn tw sack eappers ante cert onthe tothe endoih ny tger ldioyavene varie Sinbetweenttese.wo ngrsis josh The und covers he Grows ths Opn yout_ mowing anf sin brcen_ 7% Thane aove te Mucwatatgenis”” genumecmntnarsracn manuenovei ae feiedairreblotetek teense vntlintionte Metals ngrimeemme tateshettucntenr’ pi twceece ann” inedwbunre Moron Bet reese orice betegaribo sen een foes Cinch nd ewes owen ee Tea noe TLGuavesiormedbye mwas cea pee. Sinched tt te indo endorse eereshoh eda tsneur tub Tremsticsrpn crests om brareneach ing Te poner 63hand postures <« ‘The most bosi action of something Even newton eae eb wil ey to grab abject ne them’ practically ee £6, Grasping, towing, Stehing ist op theblt__grabting up ont and ‘ehcp. Ooi bp tandtvawtoack bangngttoyeermot, youtate hanger eta pshonshewmuch _telefowe apa Fst yur hand —groovesin ae eapeg tp tc haw veya hand and ran wilgab th cup. The Sgoege—_omalppiog The hdl ee the eto raning ‘Becupistickand canbe gratbel bene sayeth inaucuyoames Bute suis 76.Grabing acim and iting emi ninot tase, erty sngarsnttng sms em Inpipageatensthaterchasta segs Thetgerp arenas wth naar andes he ges ues lcenen specs aed nares andrea ath touch lle seth wen tuching tet coe wth a wat ae asset thocbjcts peer forte thenatte ofsometieg. including Ar ring tly. he gains wth IpectThohangssoriegew haw thekits Forename when illest eng node 64inges of hand movements Pmtheindex frger tothe skin connecting it to the move along the axis formed pity thejoinsat the palm work ina way that by 8 vertical ine extending allows the thumb to make big through the mide finger ‘movements, One point to that movernent is controlled ch The thumband remember the wrist cant’ bythe upper arm, att aC wenhen ee Dyraae sisi trates octanearm muscles 2 ‘The arm shows the muscles more than anyother eae body part. The mules that prorat tes . bulge the most are the doltoids, which cover the acre shoulders; the biceps Paci andthe triceps cane bac, The other muscles : fare listed in the diagram, ota ce Ton arm surfaces Pale hat rows here, ana fo es Extend sour arm and the extra skin around the elbow tums into a mound of fine transversal lines, The skin on the tip ofthe elbow and frou the writ is thin an hard. The skin on the elbow lite thick and rough. Also, doponding on the etothee one wears, the skin may become tanned in places ‘22. Te muscles sponsible cepa brachi iin ont The ups shel tad, but donshtshow an othe wr. These maces et {erie prominent bulaes Duthie vonanedaecaute opts Dw suraee ‘to iges ge nites Thadehol covers tw shudder, totes Rats atewe te eli at Thebachils igual below Arg the tun eet abt Thepocealsmojrinbechestis chev andentndstotw ump taeicopsbrocon te ther ie ot poles ngs aes ols trait tot Te sgh che wtich stariaive, saree honaastatetop oft une.A oer ingersare corals bye fepresaedaron whore the cetitané thera od eends tothe fermen ay mutes tat cartel exten tnd eh pita Secmrtsmaercomtoreber shir tinge ean reweett © fagermenmestsnn ten te chew eure ct th ane be Dicwter hear bends atthe slow, tatofewsin Thepromarterss fear daiorum spe be trast ‘dni bages, emul stats gots orth tom the umerse__ pmb fer eet uesn mste iniprastech em theshadder | entainie andhane sgh ihe ateap lees Te Damas ngs wc cones Uindetothohumows The upperaem ode Ine side ofthe per rocorsiandthe exten carpi he manbrnou tose hstverucieneetulgvstly, tm, tecooorchateeands ragalsengursnd rvs are‘cundn acest al Dar mse ne Weappedetundtbecothe —onthemble fhe haneusto st tw bene of usc trun slo fooarm che te supa tothe beatae ole omontbowbow prea gud imernithe reps rechithe bla ebalgiagMovements -3 se epee Bi tence ne ee: th eye cree a es tervren Been ssaneet aie sravty and the average > eémorenent ea er eT ‘AN tof the fan A are case of a ] i age of movernent of : J ? ares erone and stoner y Aherange of the ebow era bal ce. Als, the arms ability we ‘Asmle move tthe aera ? eames compe she the veers fad rear oat ‘esmowae ae +4, Je ch moanen na reverse one of movetent alert nd adete eds movant ate Seek seni youl alee lest ‘yvtestingin hae When yo ook atthe wpandowm norma. Ze Baancing wn yout or or eu changes caused when opening the mouth «s ‘When the mouth opens the head ‘doesnot move. The mis ie on palin yor ow ada ‘ove When yu an yo ted the solar ays, Wa ‘hortonranges of jaw movements ‘The jaw sides when t moves. From he sie, the oie where rotation begin is : sgt behind the wisdom tect, With that spot asthe center, the aw can move no ore than 40 degrees, starting from a closed Teinporantbingstoenenbar #7. Head movements ours, ere arenes when ths yourbadis in aed postion Wan shen depicingte moreno ofthe Whanthokeng mae fendmaves nf bethecamat samen ie move ne vow you or yosean ase take paceomtnacsy The ees, uc lok tower Us ares eget evoratoncolucton | tapeilenson he had moves ent ihe had dameesate tir tno the reset bey Imevm ie en ey aes bo. ets dts mare Sesrate for haring tings we Ina lat. Buia, yu are Toke samen not min. see area yu ean tape canst between estpes gomaexe mouth muscles «1 mouth shapes and proportions Ce ace oma aleapt Maree : thee Youle Yosrecatng yuo te vert yu etiraly balelethe mouth «2 5 son of the mouth is the rows of teth inside aed the aw. The tongue can transform freely. When you ate tryin think of tarako (salted eo inate rermovn-tanes teeth -s “There are 16 teeth on bth the top and bottom (ctren have L0 on each Siocon” Ba £2. Tongue and ips oral Cen ave one 2g brett ot Thera none tao ante saniyaceunates here soe1? lips and skin around mouth surfaces «s the mouth -s ‘There isa glut of tiny ‘When depicting the face, you can eee ee foget the contrasting wet andy ee The inside ofthe ip and the Hsces. The dfering temperament of theskin and areas around the ips is eee ee te round the srface ofthe tare is itty imortat to apture tring omporarert of te ps | ‘4 Ake point the wetend —sonsimesstiny because ofthe surouning thesis import tothe shape andthe md thy reste rile tecrte byte swan garde. This note man to. [ad doo fret donde whebner lancet srace othe srfaces ofthe ‘= 5, Mokoup andthe ins of Siggy Ont back the facta hae thelips ten Bic Thats why eyes Dink andthe conpeatdts dpe Women THeselywospeeontb ce thst awh weay cae ‘unyneatmatep sare ae Peicorsiety wet srt oes end Th bp recs taped. ‘ory pssntes conser Doyo Wonen sty pater sek or en wo noes op armouth movements -s Generaly speaking there are two sorts of mouth Inoverents the Kind whe the bone moves, transforming the woe fe inthe in where th expresve muscles ake tulle charges in the ain Around the mouth mouth shapes and characterization -7 awn indcates boredom, A sack jawed look makes pope seem stupid I the mouth i slightly open, a person seems inattentive. A sed mouth gives the impression of wisdom and a ston wil aman areboxcay anor Wourtee cancun fod we can “The jow ores pad down en athe ort wth tmoves rom ose ten ching whe ed rant vec ore. womans oxen sigrey ae ‘outh open?" People yauntenthy lock xen an net 9a Snow mah oe a none ve tw morsson et beng smar A coe mouth cones ‘meso sag wl nd ‘tgone Normal, hone oe ‘oa beat wamanta mate he Seemivenl ore da et seruaey The metas ets te they a “The pitas of Ko-synng Char she te tratatooth di grams. C etm a to ghtnose/ear inches wie, The section of he ear 1 the head is abou 2.36 nhs long an 1 neh wide nose/ear eornetry 4 The ape and sz 171, The shapes ofthe nose tnd nose faces tisthe aera tenth dtewtnresions ego inches long and 138 415 sete at beau. tt the pose adhe mouths viveaions om sounds eaperimide fsa fat Tend ohe bina in camplesnd Ramembnrtachckibe a orgua that onl sone of thenavetgeyovean se vate poet ste thei erences balance Th ames we tings oor ‘+1. Knowing the boundaries of pares bw pare urs a ae te godess ote sao fee mmonose/ear cartilages -2 ‘The hone in the nose ony extends prof the The rest seariage That makes ‘itso allowing the nose to take on mary shapes reflecting a perms mood ae SS Seo ee: tet aovlpe carp. one hast vel The corsage se tnd ean change eres’ ‘pression sr wl saps, bt ‘he pa the bone carat moe. pe Teal oca a xprsson The arhas nto ar inhi. spe Therese eaeap in he be, ee aad nose/ear muscles «2 “The nose has muscles that create exprossions such asthe ‘asals,on both ses a toward the bottom, and the procerus, ‘between the eyebrows. Also, a :muselo that greatly changes the nos’ shape is he levator abi superiors laeque nasi, on both sides and running along the upper part of the nose, These nseles do more than change ‘expressions by creating wrinkle after wrinkle; they also allow the nostis to open as lose. "There are practically no ruscles that move the ears. Ontatrsdesalthehancatte ——otefowubo sana te or bate othe ar the eur yay he ape a i, per nd pstarar moves tarot ‘sce round Pao wh can Imeipste ese rscles and ove ther corso ere bet Mere ‘ype. eer reve besa the ‘moth es awn opera ide seta or words Ce fares ae uence terest the doesnt move mach Fornose/ear surfaces “The nose, especial the tip, isan cy pace that sometimes asa sine to. The surface of the cari covered with ots of ty ay, The skin sth and Dod vesselagan te sen, wearing eyeglasses -« To rete porson wearing sence yout iy tnderstand the placement of the care ard nos acomor oft sors and ate ‘74. Glasses tellus about the Sdcement of the ears and nose ‘nsw ‘ea ap onal een es on vay ate aanose/ear movements Hist forthe ial ses The right eg is st ing the posture «1 Handing, the Sina sep is 10 posture o enhance ones ‘The right legis now rh the et rainy sect our inn organe 8 fu odo sowing us rae ow Kany nnd he lowing ung up it val ace at Mose can enanber arse conn meray be persone bent “he eh a te bos rem geared butvan aed concen cans Keeping balance ig ore ‘an ase nae exerci Ieatteut wechsnty tis ‘hott poston. cor ores Gourd aes a ‘ely push agate gro nd poate Se. ent Stanseg in aperocy erecta, the Thi alow Sslacn inal rections The ft, ‘ch are th bane spats fhe ey sigh abbr tthe ground, ticsion ft nest mor. fot change Te ha ako ‘omach masses te wpe lytilage eather ga shew ey When seg 25! png up wen ae acton, ferwnteta orate he way be TS 7sitting postures -: Allo the body's weights deposed inthe chai The bttocks are Matene ut. Excess flesh hangs low rm the igh, whch is just ot he chi sat The ans ae noting todo, so they rest on the thighs to stay out ofthe way. The stwlders drop. When the back rnusces ae stretched out the head Jute forward ait and when the Upper half ofthe bo leans against the back of hee, en shouldbe sity raised. The legs have no facto re op 20 ‘thay take a variety of postions. For ‘ramp, the legs can beers or leaning tothe sides, and sometimes ce tacked under the buttocks. etonon 14 shifting the body weight Teac egy step Nt it Bee leaned eee eee, Sinica 171 siting postures Inward wohl here's awn Ue aah eco ‘hey acest form an arch The toes wnt porno ‘tie, Women nag sia strato reed ptt inves tpt and done or ess Inthe ave, ana _ Al ing the action -2 ening fra abit This act of bending forward does ree strength ica be eal rested by asinge Singer against he forehead othe wordy ifthe head does me fet, the upper ba an ean fora ‘This is when the person is about o stand "The bottom hal ofthe tent has ye to cane and the upper half is just departing from the chair chat. Ti pte ted wat gr Acer x isthe heed and \ e seth he round heel—are vertically ligne the head ‘oes pat tis lin, the center of grits willbe ‘thrown forward and the person wil umbie From aside view, the body ore 4°4."The arms are strana this action proceeds +2 Energetic getting up Temi len ad ison, tse ins eae Who ps tv steg ene cha ran ‘hey are red tty tad np roncerlean et bape hoses nore loa arth ands este on ees sip8 straightening the limbs -s Toe es have almost Fol completed the fa of supporing the body Ia. All that is for tre lager oty to strate I. The boy formed a a a pea | ees . y rae ing things in Teter wet ston an the et of tating es een secormpished. othe isa tl itl ote chin tl thst Te tack msc are not yt sketched cut. When e sands up wth fre, the lends ack the ees ore bet, nd he chin finishing —_- the action “Te cin drawn the back extended. The kes ae ao aly poston but fr the side oks Uke fsa curving The arms are strange a he ses, Standing exercise forthe body's frame, i's posture with 8 estandng lotofspechlchamaternle, and we need Pore toprote enough to know which muscle tering up and whats being supported by the bones, rovers one and te ‘han oy Ivoravon taut eee wo ‘heres onan of nb ors = enn ech nach emir hao, mig ape swaying the tewms whe fining oar he hess ‘erar: Thee ah Dat t ‘ts rt, enh ams thew srihens Arts volo backfretting the body fall four a ot when the ball eaves the you don't ad any’ unique opera roan thew rand, The body is tras to the roating wrist, ontinng the movemtent the path of the righ arm A the las frame, al now from frame €2 or sot this he right aris fly frame is almost, stended. The fina axis of completely straight. This the wrist—gives rests in the ball ying last spurt of energy to straight siya 69 following the ball with the eyes ‘The bol sinks farther as trgets, With its roe do he Fight arm stay fly tered! a fallin a agonal ine to the let, The ped follows the ball. The sgh shoulder is pushed out {leans tothe ight as it tates let = 76 body curled and sunk down = ‘Theright arm swings point but for an amateur anti it hits the body, The who bas just thrown as hard pdy sinks farther. The hips ae pled forward. The wil Ta ped itil rased to keep rotation of the neck. All of je bey fro ling the body's weight i onthe jorward, but itis no longer Left leg the ight leg is arin straight lead practically using no energy Athletes wil stil be fimly andi onthe ground o jocused on the ball this almost touching it. pees92 releasing the momentum ‘The lft legentnds an its the ey, blowin the ener aecunlated there to escape ‘he nah ar counters hs by rotating na big motion to the ait a ck to the place Sart, The right et continues the movement was making Ietore. The upper ody flows he rant am as starts to oa in the opposite tection. Acts point the porn tiesto abe his head, The base ofthe ETCETERA {jad the neck move back A fluid movement using nd up, forcing the jw to jut hho strength ‘en the es an no ge kp the body stable, le happens the 120 tents anced ni back to the checking Eien ete a starting posture the result ts ‘The it font hits the gro ‘The person omer ‘The lets stretched and the slomty checks Sehesotie Ii are almost back to where they started. The back i also stretched, but thas to come ‘whether his throw oven hitthe target. As the bay returns tuck fom the big movement to the starting rae rary the right shoulder 50 position, the ight finan ote {hat shoulder is til ithe arm swings even a higher han normal The right farther back ome am, from the elbow down, sins back, The neck, which date ts Ju boon pushed back and coe” upby the head, keeps poate me rising th chin follows, ian Over ts ove moment in a quick scion. Togwingis an action related sate Two tenes inh perm Reman atts bot ‘town has 2 het soy wobec ‘wis rcasngt ara trom Bo wrst__suparng he body ais am the balsa ape ew and Tivoingisanacbnstatmates on The unger am shows Sins fthe rig tele The ower haere eam sos tbo oats obtee trusses wing ath pact Aathe pls te ante priony on ‘Wines eer Seep? Sarr ae Seay eae. am ecends atangtne bey Tat bis er tafe at Sepa Rows bat can fererinereitwovenertsnd shed begs, Peale cast eTown ron wi aan ec ‘rama he a Intent, tbe boos meg musa te mevomens thy erigealy hae Ieahonrbttaneontot neater sparta neon Wana itan oman sine ‘tlthoypeaknthe tngrps ye dpctons ene rey he undersea movement it {resin spend forthebat The mover val ok ga Sosa sr | eyesore cmt oer ees wth lod testa A rememberit act of standi ng upright —_actual standing posture and balance control -: Here the person i standing attention, This not routine aliged in the mide and the fect an slighty to hele ght The kre straight, but they ae ‘The palms ofthe hands are sat blow and at an angle from the ‘uve ofthe buttocks, The chin is drawn in and pointing sight ‘down. The mouth naturally stays lose, This posture ses a ot teat‘Te hipsare ofc neonate ‘ger inrotth rim begin i jting ‘out The back ts en Scie, ad the ches Hees > tamed ihe eee cra the iene hey. esta peated oa ‘ionic sm fndogs camionaba ontire —sonnsomerane ache formes augue ‘Aipugh hat standing hens ‘te tooy seer uti posure mew Band ves 2 ‘hiss more relaxed stance tha in fame 1. The basi ng the posture—inding the center of gravity important to remember We should be avare ff he relation among he pits Where the bay connects with the send the center of gravity just telow the navel, and the central ‘Siyestncas tne spat base ona sae) the sma wel troup he arch Thi tee: cut fr balance at the base ofthe hea I balance i destyed in these spots the person wil fill cover, whi i wy we control ou aan wen we stand witha slighty collapsed posture. Nektve tHe way the feet stan on the around nor the way the shou fal backs synth the tape of aon or stad hats 5 pd ae ‘osuppr. vn te ween malin tecessary eo Te “Seneca “acy cnet” "haw ah aan ond el Toth ot mar Tenrwtatnneaetiy wath sandeglonecante aperton so Se sari. ho ens agent eben to upprton boy a. we ya asi nore persn scouring Who [seroma arbarcee Sanding conor peste 171, stanaing posture—iie no oa ros hp (negrastinge maser dean tldonypotes ten 166 71 Stndingthe thee point ENGR Sice rte toot ThaScitne Mer and mosses Nomatar st so of sting soporte te nly Sansone pati oreo area ect Rowaeanare temi leaning back with shoulders against a wall veces winter The Kp acarecit toa bem Aetpmy mace a iar ‘helene ear tee aoe ‘the wall the more energy is gt ‘hips lars Seta a 9 8 wrist of one hand in the other in front of the body ‘This is pasture seen atin the Th ern“ hotel and restaurant business. The '#rawn'#. am are crossed inthe front. The That am chin isdravn'in, loos ikea Se humble posture an mast evenan =" atimetive one. A posture suchas SSP {his ome gies te ther peopl present speci pres, THs isnot stance track purely for funcloal reasons ease that Tate wesereated within the culture to Sy se ules of etiquette hands on the waist: sex wrist of one hand in the 9 other behind the body fcc differences in the posture Cnc a person puts he arms Tea 4 ‘The hips are pushed forward and chin his back, complete SOR the hands are onthe ips his tain him stem overbearin FEY" eno women Ifthe tumbe are not go over wel nthe hel, fl out. The eg are a apa. aatraneorestersinment ERE “This pentre ges of anise business. I's a posture seen in of pride I the forearms are calm adits, Putas extremely, 18 a tance twisted around in the oppoe that robs the body ots feedon requires Tweteetwe wa, the shoulders hunch aie en: Teh control so ot key toe seen ina hd tombick ida red ae is crested. The ne moieay inthe fever of youth Infact, i's not seen twisting of ans ad legs ers ales :much in general. The arms can't operate well from behind the back, which means they may ‘ot be abe to respond fa quick transformation takes plac 11 from male to female, With ma’ slferent postures, twisting lim ‘certain way can establish the gender 12 leaning back with elbows arms folded and cael ona railing rend cos suse Weight shifted: . cnatnattianiee | ea compound posture Gu person. Both arms support alot ofthe tgp boxy acombination of many tebach ‘Somes "upper body’s weight, decreasing the ‘nus on the leas. Watch for signs where ‘person puts more weight on the right faa asin the diagram, or the left. This changes the shape ofthe body. The elbows are back, pointing toward the center. The upper arms point out. This isbecasse the elbows want to be close to the power center in the shoulders, 8 tures. In thisone, the arms =e romsed, ane the weight is shied to one leg. Note the twist Inthe hips. The hips are level when the weight ss aqualy ava shared by both legs. When SS} ‘someone stands for a long ine be wil usally end up favoring,Comps olabraeon em ‘ier ers Pama hae hy evnsped nt sil 13 leaning with one shoulder against a wall This posture puts the whole an the let shonldecs weight ofthe bony aginst the sticking ou. The area from the vel The right le orn the eft shoulder tothe elbow is aks and the lef leg curls against the wal the whol the wall The spl is bering quite a bit rowara the right ound; the hip det ‘nd the left shoulder he wall ETCETERA Gender differences can ‘come to life in postures ute man nog we mst eure ness the re mbt lente rm owretbeclgroud rust Sometng mos personaly. But ‘seananlyen othe eteait shoulde Benin The eyes areit really ooking at anything speii; the look ott nto pace, often straight abel and down at nope tats not king at anying specie a Syinng.e asec deny initiating the action a Se The head begins to rotate in the frection of the cal, Usually, the Jaw kas the way. The head tts a cite direction in sway), but as she tums, open slighty, At this stage, the mouth int always open, but for an the head tral pose hin isda in ait The ‘71 Looking back eyes are focused on nothing in particular, but the line ofesion is ‘agonal down and tothe right. The woman has no special ‘expression. She his just begun to tum her head VR, ‘Sagoal sown ard oe ht reco is Tank back sohereyes stn space ‘ans back suet as made ‘soln asng oer3 straightening the upper body ‘The uppertixty ——argthing. They catch undemveath stretches, stragitens The heal the subject in the nara open the vaste slighty tothe center of their sn, 0 moth, But the moth Tet butitsesas the the eestend to cross. doesn always open a whole body moves back. When they tit up, the this pint ‘Thebiaaest change eyebrows naturally ceursinthe eyes they flow As the person e72Oao et were gin down, but conscious resto soe Sudenly they lok up behind he, the eyebrow lndto the right"They clones to the subject Ive found the thin eae, the ight subject yet 20 they akle—ries Asthechin _ Aaapap tess te ftevtyet foewsedon ture, Une skin Sop’ soo be arms ‘rma it Sam : 4 catching the target with ‘emo pas the eyes Pelpere ed “The upper bey leans farther eyes open wide asthe subject Serene back Thenecksttetcherto. ate. The head ian ther = ‘nearly its limit, This is the ‘back, and the mouth opens wide, moment with the gest Tsp, Changes. The sin onthe necks ching tt wt ye ‘trained, and wrinkles appear Jean uvsatural posture, with the steroetedonastids in the eek straining under the burden of supporting te head. The Tee ook back arn oer eyebrows als ris, and ereasos (aa brows tas an oto ppearon the forehead, The Apparent nua 5 taking a more comfortable posture _ ‘Tothispoint, the thee. The neckis stil conscious of being seen, person haa been tured back. The chin The independent setion thinking about her drawsin asthe upper aflooking at the subject movements: She'sbeen body straghtens. The is combined witha taken along by the subject isecognized, _subconsclously defensive course ofevents until and the upper body is Took that comes from ther upper bois nan once agin under being watched nae ‘unnatural posture. The control The MOU) gaye ending seen ete ‘upper body is firmly shuts. The line of vision rr oon, straightened after fas also been raised, 50 leaning back too much, the eyes, which were ‘The body tums atthe looking up, are ina ses to face the subject. comfortable pion ‘The spe sly tent The wana cansee the ORGapaNEN RRA Axe totheleR,andtheright pemonwbe caledoutio emabetensetome Be 0 shoulders higherttan her and she startsto be Slwtmnaescosag sen” Oyronrotomerds 1m