NAME SHI

NGI
RAIKURI
MWI

REGNO R178655S

PROG HSOSS

COURSE SOC213

QUESTI
ON DI
SCUSSTHEROLETHATTHESCHOOLCAN

PLAYI
NSHAPI
NGSOCI
ETYWI
THPRACTI
CALEXAMPLESFROM ANY

SOCI
ETYOFYOURSOCI
ETY.
Accor
dingt
othesoci
ologi
stasoci
etyi
sagr
oupofpeopl
ewi
thcommont
err
it
ory
,

i
nter
act
ionsandcul
tur
e.AugustComt
ethef
atherofsoci
ologysaw soci
etyassoci
al

or
gani
sm possessi
ng a har
monyofst
ruct
ure and f
unct
ion.Accor
ding t
o Tal
cot
t

Par
sonssoci
etyi
sat
otalcompl
exofhumanr
elat
ionshi
psi
nsof
aast
heygr
owoutof

t
heact
ioni
nter
msofmeansendr
elat
ionshi
psi
ntr
insi
corsy
mbol
i
c.Aschooli
san

i
nst
it
uti
oni
nwhi
chchi
l
drenar
eeducat
ed.Pet
erson(
2005)i
soft
hev
iewt
hateducat
ion

i
sthedev
elopmentandt
rai
ningofone’
schar
act
erandski
l
lsasbyi
nst
ruct
ionand

t
rai
ning.
Ther
efor
etheschool
play
sani
mpor
tantr
olei
nshapi
ngsoci
etyt
hroughv
ari
ous

aspect
sthatar
eimpar
tedi
nto chi
l
drent
hroughl
ear
ning i
nschool
sasi
thel
psi
n

dev
elopi
ngt
hesoci
ety
.

Theschoolpl
aysar
olei
nshapi
ngsoci
etybybr
ingi
ngsoci
alsol
i
dar
it
yint
othesoci
ety
.

Accor
dingt
oEmi
l
eDur
khei
m(1890s)
,thef
ounderofmoder
nFunct
ional
i
sm,t
hef
ir
st

r
oleofeducat
ionwast
ocr
eat
easenseofsoci
alsol
i
dar
it
ywhi
chi
ntur
npr
omot
edv
alue

consensus.Soci
alSol
i
dar
it
yiswher
ethei
ndi
vi
dualmember
sofsoci
etyf
eelt
hemsel
ves

t
obeapar
tofasi
ngl
e‘body
’orcommuni
tyandwor
ktoget
hert
owar
dsshar
edgoal
s.

Accor
dingt
oDur
khei
m school
sachi
evedsoci
alsol
i
dar
it
ythr
oughchi
l
drenl
ear
ning

subj
ect
ssuchashi
stor
yandEngl
i
shwhi
chgav
ethem ashar
edsenseofnat
ional

i
dent
it
y,whi
chi
ntur
npr
omot
edv
alueconsensus,
oragr
eementonshar
edv
aluesatt
he

soci
etall
evel
.Thi
sshowedt
hatt
heschoolbr
ingsuni
tyi
nsoci
etyandpr
omot
esasense

ofonenessi
nsoci
ety
.Tal
cot
tPar
sonspoi
ntedt
ohow,i
nAmer
icanschool
s,chi
l
dren

pl
edgeal
l
egi
ancet
othef
lag;whi
l
etodayBr
it
ishschool
sandcol
l
egesar
eobl
i
gedt
o

pr
omot
e‘Br
it
ishVal
ues’
.Thi
sisal
soseenZi
mbabwewher
ebyi
nschool
schi
l
drendot
he

nat
ional
pledgeandhowt
heZi
mbabweanf
lagi
sgi
vensomuchv
aluei
nschool
s.
Theschoolpl
aysani
mpor
tantr
olei
nshapi
ngt
hesoci
etyt
hrought
het
ransmi
ssi
onof

t
hecul
tur
alv
aluesandnor
msoft
hesoci
ety
.Thi
sshapest
hesoci
etyast
hei
thel
ps

chi
l
drent
oknow ofwhati
saccept
edi
ntot
hei
rowncul
tur
eandwhati
snotaccept
ed

andt
hrought
hiscul
tur
alv
aluesandnor
msi
thel
psi
nmai
ntai
ningor
deri
nsoci
ety
.Thi
s

pr
ocess i
s cal
l
ed soci
ali
zat
ion accor
ding t
othe f
unct
ional
i
stper
spect
ive wher
eby

chi
l
dren ar
e bei
ng t
aughtt
he nor
ms,
val
uesand ski
l
lst
heyneed t
ofunct
ion i
n

soci
ety
.Nonda(
2008)al
sost
atest
hatt
heeducat
ionsy
stem hel
pst
opassoncul
tur
al

her
it
agef
rom onegener
ati
ont
oanot
her(
2008)
.Thesesoci
alandcul
tur
albenef
it
s

i
ncl
udeabet
terwayoft
aki
ngcar
eofour
sel
ves,maki
ngf
ri
ends,l
ear
ningsoci
alr
ules

nor
ms and under
standi
ng car
erol
es and r
ules (
Ber
naseck,2005)
.Forexampl
ein

Zi
mbabweansoci
etypeopl
ear
etaughtaboutt
heShonaandNdebel
ecul
tur
ethr
ough

t
heShonacul
tur
es.
Ther
ear
etr
adi
ti
onal
danceswhi
chi
sdonei
nschool
swhi
chpasson

t
hecul
tur
esoft
heZi
mbabweansi
nschool
s.

Theaspectofr
oleal
l
ocat
ionandmer
it
ocr
acyi
sbr
oughtabouti
nschoolbyeducat
ion

showshow t
heschooli
sshapi
ngsoci
ety
.Educat
ional
l
ocat
espeopl
etot
hemost

appr
opr
iat
ejobf
ort
hei
rtal
ent
susi
ngexami
nat
ionsandqual
i
ficat
ions.Thi
sensur
es

t
hatt
hemostt
alent
edar
eal
l
ocat
edt
otheoccupat
ionst
hatar
emosti
mpor
tantf
or

soci
ety
.Thi
sisseent
obef
airbecauset
her
eisequal
i
tyofoppor
tuni
tyev
ery
onehasa

chanceofsuccessandi
tist
hemostabl
ewhosucceedt
hrought
hei
rownef
for
tst
hisi
s

knownasmer
it
ocr
acy
.Thef
unct
ional
i
stt
heor
yemphasi
zeonassi
gni
ngdi
ff
erentt
ask

t
omenandwoment
omakesoci
etyf
unct
ionalandt
hist
heor
yisbasedont
hei
deat
hat

manar
est
rongert
hanwomen(
Thi
oandTay
lor,
2012)
.Funct
ional
i
stassumet
hatt
his

di
vi
sionofl
aborwast
hemosti
mpor
tantef
fi
cientwayf
ort
hej
obt
obedonei
nsoci
ety
(
2008)
.Thi
sissuppor
tedbyTal
cot
tPar
sonswhost
atest
hatmenpl
ayi
nst
rument
al

r
olesi
nsoci
etywhi
l
ewomenpl
ayexpr
essi
ver
oles.Thei
nst
rument
alr
olesi
ncl
udes

per
for
manceoft
askt
hati
sgoi
ng t
o wor
kand moneywhi
l
etheexpr
essi
ver
oles

i
ncl
udesnur
singf
irchi
l
drenandcar
ingf
ort
hem .
Thi
sishi
ghl
i
ght
edi
ntheZi
mbabwean

soci
etywher
ebyatwor
kther
eist
hisaspectofr
oleal
l
ocat
ionandmost
lymanager
sor

t
opof
fi
cial
sati
nst
it
uti
onsmost
lyar
eman.
Theyar
etheoneswhoar
egi
venr
olest
hat

ar
edi
ff
icul
taswomenar
ebel
i
evedt
ohav
ebur
denofchi
l
drenathomeast
hiswas

t
aughtf
rom schoolt
hatboy
sar
etheoneswhodot
hemostdi
ff
icul
tsubj
ect
sandgi
rl
s

ar
egi
vent
heeasi
erones.

Theschoolal
sopl
aysar
oleofsoci
ali
ntegr
ati
oni
nshapi
ngsoci
ety
.Funct
ional
i
stssay

t
hatt
heeducat
ionsy
stem f
unct
ionst
oinst
il
lthedomi
nantv
aluesofasoci
etyand

shapeacommonnat
ionalmi
nd.Wi
thi
nourcount
ry,
student
slear
nwhati
tmeanst
obe

a Zi
mbabwean.We become l
i
ter
atei
n nat
ionall
anguage whi
ch i
s Shona,gai
na

common her
it
age,and acqui
re mai
nst
ream st
andar
dsand r
ules.Youngst
ersf
rom

di
ver
ser
aci
aland et
hni
cbackgr
oundsar
eimmer
sed wi
thi
nthesamecul
tur
eand

pr
epar
edf
orr
esponsi
bleci
ti
zenshi
p.Li
kewi
se,t
heschool
sar
egear
edt
oint
egr
atet
he

pooranddi
sadv
ant
agedwi
thi
nthef
abr
icofdomi
nantmai
nst
ream i
nst
it
uti
ons.

Theeducat
ioni
nschoolwasal
sodesi
gnedi
nsuchawayt
hati
tpr
ovi
dest
hehi
dden

f
unct
ions f
or t
he chi
l
dren whi
ch ar
e cal
l
ed l
atent f
unct
ions accor
ding t
othe

f
unct
ional
i
sm per
spect
ive.These ar
e uni
ntended orsecondar
yfunct
ions oft
he

educat
ion sy
stem.Lat
entf
unct
ionsi
ncl
udeschi
l
d car
e,t
heest
abl
i
shmentofpeer

r
elat
ionshi
pandl
ower
ingunempl
oymentbykeepi
nghi
ghschoolst
udent
soutoff
ull

t
imel
abor
.Forexampl
einZi
mbabwean school
s,onemi
ghtnot
iceanat
tr
act
ivef
ell
ow
st
udentwhenhegi
vesapar
ti
cul
arl
yint
erest
ingansweri
ncl
ass,cat
chi
ngupwi
thhi
m

andmaki
ngadat
espeakst
othel
atentf
unct
ionofcour
tshi
pful
fi
ll
edbyexposur
etoa

peergr
oupi
ntheeducat
ionalset
ti
ng.Theeducat
ionalset
ti
ngi
ntr
oducesst
udent
sto

soci
alnet
wor
kst
hatmi
ghtl
astf
ory
ear
sandcanhel
ppeopl
efi
ndj
obsaf
tert
hei
r

school
i
ngi
scompl
ete.Ofcour
se,wi
thsoci
almedi
asuchasFacebookandLi
nkedI
n,

t
hesenet
wor
ksar
eeasi
ert
hanev
ert
omai
ntai
n.Anot
herl
atentf
unct
ioni
stheabi
l
ityt
o

wor
kwi
thot
her
sinsmal
lgr
oups,aski
l
lthati
str
ansf
erabl
etoawor
kpl
aceandt
hat

mi
ghtnotbel
ear
nedi
nahomeschoolset
ti
ng.Thi
sthenshowst
hatt
hesemani
fest

f
unct
ionwer
edev
elopedbyt
heschoolsy
stem i
nor
dert
ohel
pchi
l
dreni
nal
lar
easof

l
i
feasi
tshapest
hesoci
etyi
nal
lar
easofl
i
fe.

Educat
ioni
nschoolal
soshapest
hesoci
etybypr
omot
inganunequalt
ypeofsoci
ety

wher
ebyot
her
swoul
dbedomi
nat
ingot
her
sinsoci
ety
.Mar
x(1818-
1883)emphasi
zes

t
hei
mpor
tanceofst
ruct
urei
nsoci
ety
.Conf
li
ctt
heor
yemphasi
zedt
hateducat
ionpl
ays

a maj
orr
olei
n mai
ntenanceoft
hepower
,economi
cand soci
alposi
ti
onsoft
he

domi
nantgr
oupi
nsoci
ety(
Bal
l
ant
ineandspack,2012).
Itpr
omot
esi
nequal
i
tyand

unequaldi
str
ibut
ionofdi
ff
erentj
obsandi
tar
guedt
hatt
heeducat
ionalsy
stem i
sbei
ng

usedbyt
hedomi
nantpower
fulgr
oupsi
nsoci
etyt
oimposet
hei
rbel
i
efsandv
alueson

l
esspr
ivi
l
egedi
nsoci
ety
.Fr
om t
heconf
li
ctpoi
ntofv
iewt
heeducat
iont
husr
einf
orces

t
hecl
asssy
stem wher
ebynon-
wor
kingcl
asschi
l
dren(
lesspowerpower
fulgr
oups)

don’
tdowel
linschool
sandendupwi
thski
l
lsofl
owercl
assst
atusj
obswhi
l
emi
ddl
e

uppercl
asschi
l
drengener
all
yper
for
msbet
terandget
shi
gherj
obsi
nsoci
ety
.For

exampl
eint
heZi
mbabweansoci
etyt
hosewhoar
epoorandl
i
vingi
nrur
alar
easmost
ly

endupnotper
for
mingwel
li
nschoolduet
olackofr
esour
cesandmoneyandatt
heend
t
hese peopl
e end up doi
ng l
owercl
assj
obssuch ascl
eani
ng t
oil
etsand sel
l
ing

t
omat
oesasameansofat
tai
ningbet
termeansi
nsoci
etywhi
chshowst
hatt
heschool

shapessoci
etyast
hroughj
obr
ankst
hesoci
etyi
sshapedi
nanunequal
way
.

I
n concl
usi
on ,
thi
sis essayhas hi
ghl
i
ght
ed how t
he schoolhas pl
ayed di
ff
erent

i
mpor
tantr
olei
nshapi
ngt
hemoder
nsoci
etyoft
odayasi
tisbr
oughtoutt
hrought
he

soci
ologi
calt
heor
ies such as t
he f
unct
ional
i
sm and t
he Mar
xism v
iews on t
he

educat
ionsy
stem i
nsoci
ety
.

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ST

Ar
cher
,L.
,2005.Soci
alcl
assandhi
ghereducat
ion.I
nHi
ghereducat
ionandsoci
alcl
ass

(
pp.17-
32)
.Rout
ledge.

Cookson,P.
W.andSadov
nik,A.
R.,2002.Funct
ional
i
stt
heor
iesofeducat
ion.Educat
ion

andsoci
ology
.Anency
clopedi
a,pp.
267-
271.

Lev
inson,D.
,Cookson,P.andSadov
nik,A.eds.
,2014.Educat
ionandsoci
ology
:An

ency
clopedi
a.Rout
ledge.

Popkewi
tz,T.andFendl
er,L.
,1999.Cr
it
icalt
heor
iesi
neducat
ion:Changi
ngt
err
ainsof

knowl
edgeandpol
i
tics.Rout
ledge.
Sar
up,
M.,
2013.Mar
xism andEducat
ion(
RLEEduL)
:ASt
udyofPhenomenol
ogi
caland

Mar
xistAppr
oachest
oEducat
ion.Rout
ledge.