01

kS;sh ye¢kaùu
Introduction to Law

kS;sh ms<sn| ks¾jpkh (Definition of Law)

zz kS;shZZ hk jpkh wmg b;d yqre mqreÿ ksrka;rfhka wefik jpkhls' tfiau tu jpkh weiQ
iekska wmf.a u;lhg fkdfhl=;a wdldrfha Ñ;%hka .,d ths' ta w;r wêlrKh"
úksYaphldrjre" kS;s{jreka" md¾,sfïka;=j" fmd,Sish" fmd,sia ks<OdÍka" isrueÈß" udxpq wd§
fkdfhla foa fõ' fï ish,a, kS;h
s iE§ug" kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug iy kS;sh wdrlaId lsÍu
msKsi Woõ WmldÍ fõ' kS;sh ms<sn|j ms<s.;a tla ks¾jpkhla fkdue;s w;r úúO kS;s fõ§ka
úiska kS;h
s úúOdldrhg ks¾jpkh fldg we;' bka lsysmhla my; i|yka fõ'

zzhqla;sh mi|,Su msKsi rdcHhka úiska y÷kd.;a iy fhdod .kq ,nk uQ,O¾u moaO;shls'ZZ - -
kS;sfõ§ ieuka

zzkS;sh hkq mrudêm;Hfha úOdkhhs'ZZ-- - kS;sfõ§ Tiaáka

zzrfÜ W;a;Í;r n,h úiska l=ula ksjerÈo iy l=ula jerÈo hkak úOdkh lrkq ,nk isú,a
meje;aug wod, Í;s iuqodhhs ZZ - - kS;sfõ§ í,elaiafgdaka

wmg kS;sfha úfYaI ,laIK lsysmhla ±l .; yelsh' tkï iudcfha Ôj;a jkakd jQ iEu
flfklau kS;sfhka nef|k w;r lssisfjl=g;a bka ñÈh fkdyel' fuhg n,mdkakd jQ fya;=j
jkafka iudchl kS;s iE§fï n,h ysñ jk jHjia:dodhlh fyj;a md¾,sfïka;=j ksfhdackh
lrkqfha uyckhd úiska m;a lrkq ,nk ksfhdað;hkah' tu ksfhdað;hka ñksiqka fjkqfjka
kS;s idokq ,nk w;r tu kS;s j,ska ish¿ mqoa.,hka ne£ isáhs' kS;sh iudcfhys Ôj;a jk ish¿
mqoa.,hka yg tl yd iudkj fhfoa' n,fha isák ;eke;a;ka ish wêldßh wksis f,i fhdod
.ekSu wju lsÍu;a mqoa.,hdf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu;a zz kS;sfha md,kh ZZ uÕska isÿ
flf¾ ^isßj¾Ok" 2004&'

kS;sfha we;s ;j;a iqúfYaI .=Kdx.hla jkafka ia:dmkh lr we;s ffk;sluh mámdáh
wkq.ukh lrñka muKla hï ;eke;af;l=g tfrysj wêlrKh lghq;= l< hq;=h hkakhs ' fuh
úfYaI ,laIK ;=klska iukaú; fjhs' tkï" kvq lghq;a;la meje;aùu újD;j isÿ l< hq;=h"
iEu ;eke;af;l=gu lreKq lshd mEug wjia:djla ,nd Èh hq;=h iy úksYaphldrjrhd mlaI.%dyS
fkdúh hq;=h hkakhs'

1
kS;sh j¾.SlrKh - (Classification of Law)
kS;sh iuia:hla f,i ie,l+ úg th kS;s YdLd .Kkdjlska iukaú; fõ' bx.%Sis kS;s l%u fõoh
(English Terminology) wkqj kS;sh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnfoa' tkï wmrdO kS;sh
iy isú,a kS;sh jYfhks' kuq;a óg wu;rj rgl md,khg iDcq f,i iïnkaO jk wdKavq l%u
jHjia:d kS;sh iy mßmd,k kS;sho jeo.;a fõ ^l=f¾" 1991&' wdKavql%u jHjia:d kS;sh jQ l,S
rgl md,khg wod, jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl iy wêlrKfhys ixhq;sh" n,;, iy ld¾hNdrh
ms<sn| uQ,sl Í;skah' mqoa.,hdf.a whs;sjdislï flfrys n,mdk rdcH mßmd,kfha§ .kq ,nk
;SrK iïnkaOfhka mßmd,k kS;sh fhfoa' uyck kS;h
s ^Public Law& iy fm!oa.,sl kS;sh
^Private Law& f,io kS;sh j¾.SlrKh l< yel' wdKavq l%u jHjia:d kS;sh" mßmd,k kS;sh iy
wmrdO kS;sh uyck kS;s .Khg wh;a jk w;r wfkl=;a kS;s YdLd mqoa.,sl kS;s .Khg wh;a
fõ' rch iy mqoa.,hka w;r iïnkaO;d j,g wod< jkakd jQ kS;Ska uyck kS;s jYfhka
ye¢kafõ' wmrdOhla mqoa.,fhl=g tfrysj isÿ l,;a th rchg tfrysj lrkq ,enQjla f,i
ie,fla' tneúka wmrdO kS;sho uyck kS;h
s ls' fm!oa.,sl kS;sh mqoa.,hka w;r yg .kakd
wdrjq,a j,g wod, fõ' th isú,a kS;sh f,io ye¢kafõ'

wmrdO kS;sh -(Criminal Law)

wmrdO kS;shg wkqj wmrdOhla ieu úgu rchg tfrysj isÿlrk jrola f,i ie,fla' tneúka
pQÈ;g tfrysj kvq mjrkafka rch úisks' wmrdO kvqjla mejÍfï m%Odk wruqK jkafka
wmrdOh isÿ l< mqoa.,hdg o~qjï lsÍuhs' wmrdO kvqjl§ wod, jro idOdrK ielfhka Tíng
Tmamq l< hq;= w;r túg pQÈ; jrolre njg m;a fõ' wmrdO .Khg wh;a jerÈ w;r ñkS ueÍu"
idjoH ukqIH >d;kh" ia;%s ¥IKh" wmyrKh" wdÈh nrm;, wmrdO f,io fidrlu"
wvkaf;aÜgï lsÍu" wdÈh iq¿ wmrdO f,io ie,fla' wmrdO ms<sn| kS;sh oKav kS;s ix.%yfha
i|yka jk w;r wmrdO wêlrK n,h l%shd;aul lrkqfha uydêlrKh iy ufyaia;%d ;a
wêlrKh úisks'

isú,a kS;sh -(Civil Law)

isú,a kS;h
s g wkqj mSvdjg m;a jQ hï mqoa.,fhl= kS;suh mshjr .kq ,eîfï wruqK jkafka
;udg isÿ jQ ydksh Wfoid th isÿ l, ;eke;a;df.ka jkaÈ ,nd .ekSughs' meñKs,slre id¾:l
jqjfyd;a ;udg isÿ jQ ydksh Wfoid ú;a;slref.ka jkaÈhla ,nd .; yelsh' wêlrKh yuqfõ
we;s fndfyda kvq isú,a kvq lghq;=h' tkï bvï kvq" Èlalido kvq" orejkaf.a Ndrldr;ajh" ßh
wk;=re" fiajfhka bj;a lsÍï" .súiqï lv lsÍï wdÈhhs' isú,a wêlrK n,h Y%S ,xldfõ
l%shd;aul lrkqfha Èid wêlrKh úisks' isú,a kvqjla ;=,kd;aul iïNdú;djhlska ^ isoaêh isÿ
fkdùug jvd isÿ jQ njg jeä iïNdú;djlska mej;Su & Tmamq lsÍu m%udKj;a h'