8.5 Oil flows through the horizontal pipe shown in Fig. P8.5 under laminar conditions. All sections are the same diameter except one. Which section of the pipe (A, B, C, D, or E) is slightly smaller in diameter than the others? Explain. ist sf 10 ett 1st "20-foot sections Figure P8.5 For laminar flow io a borizectel pipe Q= BE 4p, where y-% “Ge Qo = Qe . This SP ~ ye The smallest diameter pipe has the largest “f, where ap= xh {=e Let om Hg » b= Ff) Hence, from the data in the figore Far the section between (1) and (3): i le Sa tsb= 89 where g and b~ te and ted Simtfarly, from ¢2) tots) ISB loce § SEeO From (3) to(#) (4 g-39) woctéd=¥ 7, and from (#) te(s) Iedtise = ¥ eee Eqs. (0 through (#) can be written as oe atbh= 0.06678 ’ @ isbt c = 0.06333 From the problem statement, # pipes are Joiga By OFS =V_¥ o 406d = 0. 95885 the same diamster, one is smaller diameter: @ dtiarien 0.07768 J Thus, of the 5 variables (a,b,c, d,2) shold be equal, ane larger than the others. Assume a>bec~d~e From Eo, (8), 156 +b = 0.08338 op b= 0.09338 but from Eq, (7), 640.66 =0.0583% or b= 0.07648 which is net thé same as that rom £4.06), Assuming b> a=¢=d«@ , or cx a=b=d-@, or e>azb=cnd lead to similar ‘inconsistencies. However, if we assome <€ we objain + q= 0.03338 : fr C6): value of a; from Ey, from Eq (5)* @ LWT taeda ts gee of a; trom Ey, d= 0.04178 } the some Ve trom £8).8.11 Oil (SG = 0.9), with a kinematic viscosity of 0.007 17/s, flows in a 3-in.-diameter pipe at 0.01 f/s. Determine the head loss per unit length of this flow. hf dé where 4= 2 ft F For jeer unit feagth of pipe’, Determine friction fictor based on Be ¢ % Q=+0.0| *% = y2—G.0l_ - 0.20% F(R)" . . = 2:20 %p) . 7, Re = a HY Since Ke is below ZIO0O, the Flow is laminar ™ Friction Fattse can be dolermined from fa Wpee Yay = 8% hy = (8.46 len O25 - ~ Agzee . pe Bf pps8.13 Two equal length, horizontal pipes, one with a diameter of 1 in., the other with a diameter of 2 in., are made of the same material and carry the same fluid at the same flow rate. Which pipe produces the larger head loss? Justify your answer. For either pipe hx f435, where W=O/A = @/(Z0"), Thos, “ . n= t£leano)] Ag = heh ay or ‘ i oteel , Let (), and), denote the tin. and 210. diameter pipes, respective Thus, with Q,=Q, and L= Pa , Eq. (0 qives fer 2 CL LDE) ff \f Da (Ay) Bin? he" (670) =(h (BY =(4)GE) hs z+ 92(K) a Although £4, (because Re,# Res and &/b, #&/D2) the ratio {;/f, wovld nel be significantly different than 1, especially compared to the factor of 32 in Ee. (2), For example, assume Re, «19.000 and e/p,= 0.00] sothat f= 0.0as (see Fig, &.2 Thus, since Rex Vb/v =(Q/Z0*)D/y = £2 0 if follows that if He, =1¢000 then Re, = 5000 and E/ds = 0.0008 if Ef, = 7.94]. Hepee, £, 2.0.037.0 that hy, Ah, = 92 (0.933 /0.037) = 28.5 >>, Similar results would be true for other Re, £/0 valves. Thus, hay /hy, = 92 (fi 4a171, The smaller pipe has the larger head loss.830 Water flows through the pipe system shown in Fig. P8.83 at arate of 0.30 ft/s, The pipe diameter is 2 in., and its roughness is 0.002 in. The loss coefficient for each of the five filters is 6.0. and all other minor losses are negligible. Determine the power added to the water by the pump if the pressure immediately before the pump isto be the same as that immediately after the last filter. The length of the pipe between these two locations is 80 ft. Filters Pump Fem the eneyyy eguafon hp =ha Ch rk Ye Q=VA, V= 999 ¢ (mY) =/9.75 = eV _ (i: Rex Bih= WANT e) 1.9 00 % . 2.2 = |x/0F From the Moody chert, f2 0.02/7 =a 2 £2 13.75)" hp=[ aor + sme)] Gz =[ 10.32 + 30] (2.%) (Hote: the Filaes produce “3% the pipe less) hp= 118.54 Ft Calowlaie the power W = ¥Ghp = (62.4)(0.3) (#54) = ani9.| whe = Los833 Water is pumped between two large open tanks as shown in Fig. P8.95. If the pump adds 50 kW of power to the fluid, what is the flowrate passing between the tanks? Assume the friction factor to be equal to 0.02 and minor losses to be negligible. Pipe length = 600 m With R=2=0, Vi=\%=0, and 2,23 hp zh -/4£4 () With the pump adbing SOKW of power W = 50x/0°W = hp Q¥ io = Sox? 8 bn QREx) ~ Sub into (i) 50 pL Vt, - A_ Qt @ FRE S Oar Q?: & egies) where Az £(051* =0. on™ Th * @ = S10layos)(%.51)(0.196P (0.02) (G00) =0.1602 r Q= 0.54" 835 A flowrate of 3.5 ft/s is to be maintained in a horizontal aluminum pipe (¢ = 5x10~* ft). The inlet and outlet pressures are 65 psi and 30 psi, respectively, and the pipe length is 500 ft. Determine the diameter of the pipe.ee ; Bem Yoke where Vege 73 SEE hare D- ft, V~ftle Thus, 4446 bps. ibe 7 era er B) oS which antes to Deiat ‘ @ Alse, From Table 8.1, “ o af (2g8)0 Z VD _ 19% . Ree me = Saasee ary = Trial and error selvtion * eau (DF, fe, #); #epvations (0,0 @)and Mredy chari (Fig. 9.20) Assume £= 0.02 s0 from E90) D sassett, Thos, trom Egs.(a)and¢a) Rex 7UKI and £#24x105 so from Fig. 8.20, f * 0.0129 40.03 Assume {~02128 which gives D=0.#764, Re #777x10", and $< 11210*, This, from Fig. 8.20, f 0.0128 which agrees with the assomed valve. Thus, De 0.476 ft ee 836 Water flows downward through a vertical smooth pipe. When the flowrate is 0.5 ft'/s, there is no change in pressure along the pipe. Determine the diameter of the pipe.Are. Brak the where 6% fa, Yon <¥, ced Z-%h Thus, bh $$ a 2 Y= G+ Zhe se that Fy.) becomes | 4 De bf = Sf OP op Dwo.ss3$ 322 @) Also, 0.8) we a pVvd _ 1.9% (7D 19 3) |p. . S28xi0 Re “2.38¢j0%D o a From Fig. 8.20 with $=0 we have f= {(Re, as Trial and erren solvtion + 3 vokpewns (D,Re,f) and Seqations (09, 40d Fig, 8.20) Assume f= 0.02 so trom Ey, (% De 0.186 t and trom £o.0), Re = 3.18%10°. Thus, from Fig, 8.20, f= 0.0/8 40.02 Assome f= 0.04 so thal D= 0.1554 and Re 3.42010" Thus, from Fig, 9.20, fuo.t4 which checks with the assumed valve. Thos, De Qiss #