DEFINITIONS

• Repair – To replace or correct deteriorated, damaged,

or faulty materials, components, or elements of a
concrete structure.
• Repair Systems – The materials and techniques used
for repair.
• Protection – The process of maintaining a concrete
structure in its present or restored condition by
minimizing the potential for deterioration or damage
in the future.
• Strengthening – The process of restoring the capacity
of weakened components or elements to their original
design capacity, or increasing the strength of
components or elements of a concrete structure.
 DEFINITIONS
• Rehabilitation – The process of repairing or
modifying a structure to a desired useful condition.
• Restoration – The process of reestablishing the
materials, form and appearance of a structure to those
of a particular era of the structure.
• Concrete dose not always behave as we would like;
some of the undesirable behavior can be seen as
disintegration, spalling, cracking, leakage, wear,
deflection or settlement.
• Developing effective repair strategies requires an
understanding of what caused the undesirable
behavior.
• Understanding the cause allows the repair strategy to
address both the cause and the effect (behavior).
• The result is a successful long lasting repair.
• Symptoms or observations of a deficiency must be
differentiated from the actual cause of the deficiency,
and it is imperative that causes and not symptoms be
dealt with wherever possible or practical.
• For example, cracking is a symptom of distress that
may have a variety of cause.
• Selection of the correct repair technique for cracking
depends on knowing whether the cracking is due to
repeated thermal cycling, accidental overloading,
drying shrinkage, inadequate design or construction,
or some other cause.
• Only after the cause or causes are known can rational
decisions be made concerning the selection of a
proper repair system
 Evaluation
• The first step is to evaluate the current condition of the
concrete structure.
• This evaluation may include a review of available design
and construction documents, structural analysis of the
structure in its deteriorated condition, review of structural
instrumentation data, review of records of any previous
repair work accomplished, review of maintenance
records, visual examination, destructive (core drilling)
and nondestructive testing, and laboratory analysis of
concrete samples.
• Upon completion of this evaluation step, the personnel
making the evaluation should have a thorough
understanding of the condition of the concrete structure
and may have insights into the causes of any deterioration
or distress noted.
 Carbonation Test
The carbonation of concrete on the surface results in
loss of alkaline protection of the cover over the steel
against corrosion. Carbon-dioxide of atmosphere reacts
with hydrated cement compounds causing reduction in
alkalinity of concrete and the process is referred to as
carbonation. The depth of the carbonation is measured
by spraying on the freshly broken surface of concrete
with 0.1 percent solution of phenolphthalene. The
concrete undergoes a distinct colour change (from
purple red to colourless) if any carbonation of concrete
occurs. Thus the carbonation of concrete is checked at
the particular depth of concrete. The depth of
carbonation is measured on the outer surface of a
freshly collected concrete cores.
 Crack Detection and Measurement

Crack width are measured with the help of

Crack Detection Microscope. The accuracy
of measurement is upto 0.01 mm.