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6. What is a Thermistor?
Thermistor is a combination of thermal and resistance.
A thermistor is a resistance with definite thermal characterisics.
Thermistors are widely used for temperature compensation. ie cancelling the
effect of temperature, liquid level, gas flow etc.
Thermistors are made in the shape of beads, probes, discs, washers etc.
Characteristics
1. Higher fidelity
2. Higher stabilized gain
3. Increased bandwidth
4. Less amplitude distortion
4. Less harmonic distortion
5. Less frequency distortion
6. Less phase distortion
10. Reduced noise.
14. What is a Ripple factor? What is its value for a half wave and Full wave
rectifier?
The ratio of r.m.s value of a.c component to the d.c component in the rectifier
output is known as ripple factor.It decides the effectiveness of the rectifier.
Ripple factor = r.m.s value of a.c component
r.m.s value of d.c component
For half wave rectifier,
Irms = Im/2 π
; Idc = Im/π
2
Ripple factor = Γ( Im/2 / Im/Π
Π ) – 1 = 1.21
29. Difference between memory mapped I/o and I/O mapped I/o?
Memory mapped I/O I/O mapped I/O
1. In this device address is 16- bit. Thus 1. In this device address is 8-bit. Thus
Ao to A15 lines are used to generate Ao to A7 or A8 to A15 lines are used to
the device address generate device address.
2. MEMR and MEMW control signals 2. IOR and IOW control signals are
are used to control read and write I/O used to control read and write I/O
operations. operations.
3. Instructions available are 3. Instructions available are IN and
LDA,STA,MOV R,M , ADD M etc OUT.
4. Data transfer is between any register 4. Data transfer is between
and I/O device. accumulator and I/O device.
5. Decoding 16-bit address may 5. Decoding 8-bit address will require
require more hardware. less hardware.
31. Comparison between full address decoding and partial address decoding?
Full Address Decoding Partial Address decoding
1. All higher address lines are decoded 1. Few higher address lines are
to select the memory or I/O device. decoded to select the memory or I/O
device.
2. More hardware is required to design 2. Hardware required to design
decoding logic. decoding logic is less and sometimes it
can be eliminated.
3. Higher cost for decoding circuit. 3. Less cost for decoding circuit.
4. No Multiple addresses. 4. It has a advantage of multiple
addresses.
5. Used in large systems 5. Used in small systems
32. What is ALE?
The ALE (Address latch enable) is a signal used to demultiplex the
address and data lines using an external latch. It is used to enable the external
latch.
36. How the 8085 processor differentiates a memory access and I/O access?
The memory access and I/O access is differentiated using IO/M
signal. The 8085 processor asserts IO/M low for memory operation and high for
I/O operations.
49. Write an assembly language program to transfer data from memory block
B1 to memory block B2?
MVI C,0AH; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2200H; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 2300H; Initialize destination memory pointer
Loop: MOV A,M; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D; Store byte in the destination memory block
INX H; Increment source memory pointer
INX D; Increment destination memory pointer
DCR C; Decrement counter
JNZ Loop ; If counter ≠ 0 repeat
HLT
0 0 X Qo Qo No change
RESET
0 1 ↑ 0 1
1 0 ↑ 1 0
SET
Invalid
1 1 ↑ ? ?
0 0 X Qo Qo No change
RESET
0 1 ↑ 0 1
1 0 ↑ 1 0
SET
Toggle
Qo Qo
1 1 ↑
79. What are the steps involved in the fabrication of monolithic IC’s?
a)Wafer preparation
b)Epitaxial growth
c)Oxidization
d)Photolithiography process
e)Isolation diffusion
f)Pre ohmic etch
g)Metallization
h)Circuit probing
i)Scribing and separation into chips
j)Mounting and packing
j)Encapsulation
90. How clock signals are generated in 8085 and what is the frequency of the
internal clock?
The 8085 has the clock generation circuit on the chip but an external
quartz crystal or LC circuit or RC circuit should be connected at the pins X1
andX2. The maximum internal clock frequency of 8085 is 3.03MHz.
95. Define Addressing modes? What are the types of Addressing modes?
It specify the ways in which data are processed.
1. Immediate Addressing modes
2. Register Addressing modes
3. Direct Addressing modes
4. Register Indirect Addressing modes
5. Implied Addressing modes.
Essay Questions
1. Explain the different stages of a power amplifier? What are the
classifications of power amplifier?
It is used to amplify a weak signal until sufficient power is available to operate a
loud speaker or other output device. It has 3 stages.
1)voltage amplification stage
2)Driver stage
3)Output stage.
Eg: Push-pull amplifier
Classifications
Class A power amplifier
Class B power amplifier
Class C power amplifier
3. Give the construction details and explain the working of FET showing its
characteristics?
• Circuit diagram
• Theory of operation
Two types
1.JFET
2.MOSFET
Characteristics
1. Drain characteristics
2. Transfer characteristics
4.Compare CB,CE,CC with respect to i/p resistance,gain,o/p resistance?
Distinguish CB, CE, CC configurations in Transistors?
• Circuit dgms
• Input characteristics
• Output characteristics.
5.Define feed back amplifier? What are the types of feed back amplifier?
1. Positive feed back
Negative feedback – a) . Negative current series feedback
b). Negative current shunt feedback
c). Negative voltage series feedback
d). Negative voltage shunt feedback
10.Draw the circuit diagram of RC coupled amplifier with neat diagram of self
bias circuit and explain the operation. Comment on its low frequency and high
frequency performance?
• Diagram
• Operation
• Frequency curve at low, high and mid frequencies.
7. Draw the circuit diagrams of a 4-bit shift register using flip-flops and
explain?
They are
1. SISO
2. SIPO
3. PISO
4. PIPO
12.What are the drawbacks of Ripple counter? How they can be overcome by
synchronous counters?
Ripple counters are asynchronous counters. The problems are avoided by a
common clock pulse used in synchronous counters.
b)Integrating types
1. Charge balancing ADC
2. Dual slope ADC
23. Write an Assembly language program to find largest number from a given
set of numbers?
• Algorithm
• Program
• Output
25. Define Addressing modes? What are the types of Addressing modes?
Addressing modes specify the ways in which data are processed.
1. Immediate Addressing modes
2. Register Addressing modes
3. Direct Addressing modes
4. Register Indirect Addressing modes
5. Implied Addressing modes
NOORUL ISLAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
FIFTH SEMESTER
Prepared by,
Sinciya. P.O
L/CSE
NICE