ASME B31.4-2012 (Gouri Renee ec B31.4-2009 and B31,11-2002 (R2008)] Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 ox) OAC USEC Aico rsThe next elon ofthis Code is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Code wil become affective {monte ater the Date of suance, Tere ile no aden ierued to nis eon ASME Issues witen rel to ingulres concerning interpretations of technical aspects ofthis Cade. Inerpretations, Code Cass, and erata ae publshed onthe ASHE Web ste under the Commitee Pages at htpfestools asmeorg/ as they ae sued Erata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME We ste unde the Commitee Pages to provide corectons to incoreciy published items, oo caret typographical or grarmatcal rors In odes and states, Such erata shall be ure onthe date posts, ‘The Committe Pages can be found at htp/(esteolsasme.orsl. There Is an option avaiable to ‘utomatial receive an eal noifeaton when erata are posted to a prt code oranda “Thisopion canbe ound on the appropiate Commitee Pager selectingEaa" inthe "Pubiation Infomation” section “a. sn ws mpd tng neo mane el Ann aon Compe an once ret hae ho a» oporanyoprat Tease dew Sand ws made ‘lp ean conmetn er gran ott ton nk om, “SE our at "opro”teararcona ny m,n pope dee, acy ASME does a ake sy oon wh respect othe ayy pte ft seed ane th ay ern a ed tnt ne pn igs an pe ye $id at ration oh a scp Nahe ot geen 8 ksi yest gy owen rt in th ny “SAEs pny far tin oh cat ed anc step wen pemisin a be phe he rca acy f Mahal gees ‘hee Po rue, hen Yr HY 1036990 ve nanen EP en ween ‘eteCONTENTS Forewond Commitee Roster : Introduction Summary of Changes : Chapter! Scape and Defintons saa General Statements Figures MOLL Diagram Showing Scope of ASME BSL Excluding Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems 4901.12 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31. for Catton Dian Pipeline Systems 4001.3 Diagram Showing Scape of ASME BSL. for Suny Pipeline Syaeins Chapter Design ao ade am Calculation of Stresses an Ciera for Pipelines 0 Cte for Fiting. Assemblies, and Other Conpancats Cleaves ‘Citra for Corsponents) gues ADLSSI4 Reinforced Extruded Outlets. SOL3AA1 Welding Details for Openings With Complete Hacnlement types of Reinforcement . 401342 Welding Details for Openings With Laas ype Reinforcement SOL343 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That {in Heder and Branch Walle 401351 Reinforcement of Branch Connections Tables 4021-1 Flebity Factor and Suess Intensifietion Factor, 4021-1 Tabulation of Examples of Allowable Stresses for Reference Us in Piping Sytem Within the Scope of This Code 403314 Allowable Vales for Pipeline Sytem Stresses 4043.61 Design Criteria for Welded Branch Connections Chapter Materas a Materials — General Reguirements 5 Materials Applied to Misllsnoous Part able 2314 Material Standards Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 25 Dimensional Regutemens for Standard and Nonstandard Piping Components ‘able 426141 Dimensional Standants wt xiv n 8 18 26 « BRB 88 awie224 16222 Tables 18294 516292 ‘chapter vi 60. 2 as a rr Chapter ‘0 ot ‘ss ‘a08 7 8 ‘aat0 ne Construction, Welding, and Assembly Consraction Assembly of Piping Components Accplable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thickness ‘Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wl Thickness Recotnmended Attachment Deals of Flanges Minimum Cove for Busi! Pipelines Inspection and esting IRepection Testing ‘Operation and Maintenance Procedures (Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safty of Ligud ‘and Slusey Tansportation Piping Systems Pipeline Operation and Maintenance Pump Staton Terminal, and Storage Facies Operation and "Maintenance : : Corson Contl Emergency Plan Records (Qualifying Piping System fora Higher Operating Prosar Abandoning a Piping System ‘ype Interaction ‘ype I teraction ‘Acceptable Pipeline Repl Methods (Nonindented, Nonwrinked, and ‘Nonbucked Pipe) ‘Aczeplable Pipeline Repl Mathods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples, ‘Wrinkles, Leoking Couplings, and Defective Prior Repairs Comesion Cont General External Corson Conta for Buried ot Submerged Pipelines Internal Coreson Contol ‘ “Eteral Careson Control for Pipelines Exposed fo Atmosphere Pipeline in Arte Environment Pipelines in High Temperature Service Eeal Corson Canto fr Thermally Ineinted Pipelines ‘tess Corrosion and Other Phenomena. Records Offshore Lgud Pipeline Systems General Statements eee Dasga Conditions Dasga Cetera Pressure Design of Componenis Pipe [Bing Eibows, Bends, and inerections Valves Flange, Facings, Gaskets, and Bolling ‘Used Pping Components and Equipment (Other Desig Considerations Threaded Joins ao 3 3 ” QQ NaRANE A 2s a 3 aeegeeeas eereeerseesang Expansion and Flexibility Design of Pipe Supporting Elements ‘3 Matera — Gonetal Requirements et Construction es epecton —— nor Testing ‘M50 Operation and Miintenance Procedures Alfotng the Safty of iid sd Sury Tansprtaton Piping Systems ‘ASL —__Pipsine Operation and Maineranee ‘5852 Pump Staton, Terinal, and Storage Fates Operation and Maite ‘Aisi Emergency Pn eG ‘AM61_——_-External Corsion Corl for Oifshore Submerged Pipelines ‘MM63—_External Corosion Contre! for Offshore Piping Stems Exposed io “Atmosphere Conditions vaste ‘MODS5-1-_Design Factors for Otishare Pptine Systems... Chapter X Carbon DosdePipetne Systems BO) General Statements BSL Emengency lan Chapter Stuy Pipeine Systems 00" General Statements Cit Conde 123 Matras — General Requirements 125 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard Piping cise mengncy lan CAs? Abandoning 3 Piping Sysiem 2... Cid General cies Recs “ables GiQ51 Material Standards (Ci231.2 Materia Standards Not Applicable or Sry Piping Systems From Table wr (©1251.2 _imensonal Standards Not Applicable for Suny Piping Systems From “e261, Mandatory vend Referenced Standards Moomanston Appends : Index ‘Suva of Technical ingires tothe B31 Pressure Piping Commitse Publications That Do Not Appest inthe Code or Mantory “Appendix [but May Be of informational Beetit 8 S8ee $9 Bee 10 1 108, 15, 108 106 106 106 105, 1s us 10s 07 0 a.FOREWORD ‘The need for a national code for pressuse piping became incresingly evident fom 191510 1925. To mec this need, the American Engngering Standards Comite (ter change tothe ‘Amevieen Standards Assocation [ASAD inated Project BB in March 126 a the roguet of The ‘American Society of Mechanical Engincrs (ASME) and with that society a5 sle sponsor. After several yan work by Sectional Commitee BS] and its subcommitecs a frst edition was published in 195 as aa America Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping "A revision ofthe orginal esative standard was bagun in 1937, Several more yor’ effort was given fo steurng uniformity between sections and to eliminating divergent requirements snd ‘Ectopic at wells tokoepng the code arent of current developmentsin weding technique, Sires computation, and references to new dimensional nd material standards During this Period, a nev section was added on veflgeratin piping, prepared in cooperation with The ‘American Society of Refrigeration Engingers (ASRE) and complementing the American Standard Cone for Mechanical Refigertion This work culminated in he 1982 American Standard Code for resus Piping. ‘Supplements and 2 ofthe 192 code which appeared in 19 and 947, respectively introduced, ‘ew dimensional and material standards, a new formula for pipe wall thickness, and. more ‘Somprehensive regulerents for isrument and contol piping. Shorty ater the 12 code was ‘Shue, procedures wate etalished for handling inquiries that require explain or nerpeta- tomof code requirement, an for publishing sich nguiies and answers ix Maal Engine {or the information ofall concerned. ‘Continuing increases in the severity of service conditions, with concurent developments of sou materia signe nqunl to meng these higher meuiements. had oined to he ead by 198 for more extensive changes inthe code than could be provided by Supplements alone ‘The decision was reached by ASA and the sponsor to reorganize the Sectional Committe and Itseveralsibommitees, nd owe the various interested bodes oral tel representa- tives orto dexignate new ones. Follting is reorganisation, Sectional Committe B31 made an Intensive review ofthe 1942code anda ese code was approved and publishes in February 1951 ‘wth the designation ASA BSL1-151, which nce {a} general evsin and extension of requirements to agree with practices caren atthe time (0) revision of references t existing dimensional standards and materi specications, and the addition of eterenos to new ones { dasfienion of ambiguous or concn requirements ‘Supplement No.2 Io BBL. was approved and published fn 1953 as ASA BS1.101958. This ‘Suppment and oiber approved revisions were included in anew edition of BSL. published in 1988 with the designation ASA BSL. 1-955. "A seew by B31 Executive ond Sectional Commits in 195 ele in decision to develop ‘and publish industry section as separate code documents ofthe American Standard B31 Code for Presure Piping, ASA BSL+195 wns the fit separate code document for Ot Transportation Piping Systems and superseded tht pat of Section 3 of the B31.1-1955 code covering Ol ‘Tanaporation Piping Systems. In 196, BULA yeas revned to expand coverage on Welding, {npetton and testing and toad new captors covering consracton rogues and opore- tion and maintenance procures affecting the safety of the piping systems. This eeision Was ‘published wth the designation USAS B31.4-1966, Liquid Petroleum Transporation Piping ystems sine ASA was econstitted as the United Sistes of America Standard Insitute(USAS) in 1566 "USASI changed its rame,effective October 6,196, tothe American National Standards Institute, Inc (ANSD, and USAS 19141966 was redesignated as ANS! BB1-1956, The BSI Sectional Commitee wns redesignated as American National Standards Commitee BSl Code fo Pressure Piping, and, because of the wide Rel involved, more than 40 ferent engineering societies, ‘government Bureaus, trade azociations intittes, andthe ike had one ot more epresnalives‘on Standards Committee BS, plus afew "Individual Members to represent general interests Code activities were subdivided according to the scope ofthe sever sections, and general rection of Code activites rested with Standards Committe BB! oficrs and an Eseculive Committee whose membership consisted principally of Standards Committe oficers and halrmen ofthe Section and Techical Specialists Comair. The ANSI B31.4-1966 Code was revised and published in 1971 with the designation ANSTBSLAI971, The ANSI B3i.4-1971 Code was revised and published in 1974 with the designation ANSTBSLI974. In December 1978, American National Standards Committee B3l was converted to an ASME Commitee with procedutesacereted by ANSI. The 1979 revision was approved by ASME ‘and subsequently by ANSI on November 1, 97, withthe designation ANSI/ASME BH.-1979, Following publication of the 1979 Edition, the BSL Section Committee began work on expanding the scope ofthe Code to cover requirements forthe transportation of lig lebals- [References to exiting mensional sardards nd material specifications wete reviled ac new references were aed. Other dlaeifying and editorial revisions were made i oder to improve the text. These revisions led othe publication of two addenda to 1.4. Addenda“ to 891.4 ‘was approved ane published la 1981 as ANSL/ASME BSL 1981, Addenda "e” to BA was !pproved and published in 1986 as ANSI/ ASME BS1.401986, ‘The 1986 Flition of BSL was an inlasion ofthe two previously published addenda ito the 1979 ion Following publication ofthe 1586 Edition, clarifying and editorial revislons were made to Improve the tet. Additionally veferences o existing standards and material specications were revised, and new references were added. These revisions lt the publication ofan addenda to BSL that was approved and published in 197 as ASME/ANST BL 49-1987. ‘The 1889 Edition of BOL was an inclusion ofthe previously published addenda nt the 2986, Baltion. Following publication of the 1989 Elton, clariyng revisions were made to improve the sent daily erences exting standards aod Sutra species wee olan "updated. These revisions le tothe publeation ofan addenda to BSL. that wns approved snd published in 191 ax ASME BSL. 43-199, ‘The 192 Editon of B3L4 was an inclusion ofthe previously published addenda into the 1969 Editon and revision to valve maintenance. The 192 Editon as approved by ANSI on December 15, 1982, nd designated as ASME B31.C1992 Editon, ‘The 198 Eitin of 8914 was an inclusion af the previously published addenda ino the 1992 Bitton. Also included in this Eton swere ober sevsions and the adcition of Chapter TK. ‘OtchoreLigud Pipeline Systems, The 1988 Eton wss approved by ANSI on November 11, 1998, and desigaated as ASME B91-41998 dion “The 2002 ition of BO. was an inclusion ofthe previously published addenda int the 1998 Eaton along with visions othe maintenance section and updated references. The 2002 Elton was approved by ANSI on August 5, 2002 ard designated as ASME B31. 4-2072, ‘The 200 Eaton of BSL. contined a new epaesctin, along with revisions othe definitions section expansion of mata standards Table #23. and dimensional standards Table 426 1 and ‘Updated ferences. The 2006 Elion was approved by ANSI on January 3, 2008, and designated SEASME B3142006, “The 2009 Edition of B31 contained major revisions to the definitions section; Chapter I Design and Chapter VI, Corrosion Conto. The materials standards Table 423.1 and references Ihave been revised and updated. The 2009 Editon was approved by ANSI on September 14, 2005, and designated as ASME 8514-208. “The 2012 Edition of BSL. contains a revised scope ands new chapter to incorporate the ‘requltements frm BSL.1, Shuey Transportation Piping Systems. There aso a ew chap for (COs piping, entrctng all of the peeious CO; information into a standalone capes The definitions section has also been seised with new entries. The 2012 Eon was approved by "ANSI on September 12012, and designated ay ASME B9142012,ASME B31 COMMITTEE Code for Pressure Piping (re toon te ost he Cnet tthe tine of agp of [STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS. ML tener Fe apr co le fe Sor STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 1.1 Appa, nono Deetopment o fat Sue Caw eye ten ym met oy 12 eg and Const 1h eation ron Paver Satna, Ue ® Mu rsa nae Asn Aaya Vves sane om Wh, en Sty tan ge Heme ary tases Te Rese apps ID FE sh, Poca Engen and Contos, We pnt, oto Ee Sen FA Appian, cnn ember, Rtgetion Stems Co ease eve cnet We oven Eni pcg Sa We pangs, xe 8 Pe Sim erof Socthns as Cop, '34.4/11 LIQUID AND SLURRY PIPIIG TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SECTION COMMITTEE P.M. th Vie Chai Dynamic Risk Asessmet Syste, In. LE os. Lcsse EES ns Eiehewiesonnce ee ie ceenes Timea re theme {GE loi, Ker & Asoc, ns 5.8. neoe na Pow Sinn eae it's ie as ogi. Of Se ey WU tint wares Ta wasn 8 Pena § Bimmer 5, Department Teepe 5 cnn Ot, St Pein a i oee gts ohne Hpene co I Set oo ences nse 1551.8 LIQUID AND SLURRY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, INDIA WW apt Tl nein 3 Steno851 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE |S Oc Lose any 8 Asa Nabe, Sten, Aen Sey of chan Eng Eley Sam Srcpme Ce hc gig es 2: ena Foner Ce Man ie conse A oly oe vabestonsene Co. We owes Fenn Sato, SLL Naa cous hepa Engen Pads yn Pre set Soutoos Ga co ICA, Cnrauing ember egeton Stns a B51 FABRICATION AND EXAMINATION COMMITTEE tang, Secetany The tan Sty of Mahal goes ER elenbepw, consort Fe Remon, tage 2. ane 8? Btn Asa me J. Wrap Sess ene Sees We Li, C1 Osos 5. tet, Conastant 1. bana age Et se coe 1 Sv, crs oes onto ne Spee Seta ers Se Ee Seay ater cose oe 2 Warn ono rte 1851 MATERIALS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (CE ore, sch he Amen Sy Maca Signe C teat Se Engng ne {ben t= Heo news ig ‘arsine cel Cop = 1 Reammumay Se 6 ny G0 1 1 tenor, Costar 1 fener natn Ast, FA Goan ove aay ay FEA Coes Sse of antsy, Deparment Hosier DT Jonge, Ova Department af Commerce Ray ge Bnet os tae 16 mar ew Hampel Comison ‘Weta ig Softy Onn in C6. Pie, Cpe, TE seit ate Eas op 1851 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1 Pttron, ated own 1A Latha Soma Hoe Nasr abet mar sara Homan 1 meaning Te aia, See ans 2, Sher Sint of oases Sea Rangel ber FE Topp, Dison a abst Colao Solar WA he tic,1551 WATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP 1 Son Cope Selopnet ascsn kre, Chemical Maaco scat A tanecumacer ne ance Aon 1 tout Hora! Cres Poe Weng ue A, Shi sulci Sndrdtn Sat te Ve “LEStaa, ule ah Pip ese Asean 1c eran Pipe ig tseINTRODUCTION ‘The ASME BSI Code for Pressure Piping consists of a number of individually published ‘Section, each an American National Standard Res french Seton rele the Kinds of piping installations considered during ts development ae follows 1511 Power Piping piping typically found in electri power generating stations industrial and institutional plans geothermal heating systems, and central and tit heating, {nd cooling systems S13. Process Piping: piping typically found in petroleum refineries chemical, pharmaceut cl texte, pape, semiconductor, and cryogenic plans; and related processing plants ‘nd terminals B14 Pipline Tanspoctaton Systems for Liguids and Saris piping transporting prod: ucts that are predominately lgaid betwen faites, plants, tnd terminals an Within terminals, pumping ruling, and metering stations BBLS Refrigeration Piping and Heat Tansee Components piping fr refrigerants and sec- ‘ondary coolants BDLS Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems: piping transporting products that aw predominately gas between sources and terminals including compressor, regula ‘ingame metering stations, and gas gaerng piping. BDI9 Building Services Piping piping typically found in industrial, lstitionl omener- ‘ial and publi bung, ane in mll-tit residences, that does nt require the {ange of Sac emnysltpeat one in B94 BSI" Slurry Transportation Piping Systeme piping transporting aqueous sues between feces, plans, and terminals, nd within terminals and pumping and regulating stations. ‘51.12 Hycrogen Piping and Pipelines: piping n gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and Pipelines in gaseous hydrogen sevice This is the BBL, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquide and Stusres Cade Section, “erfe,in this Inrodtction and inthe text ofthis Code Seetion BSL, where the word "Code™ {used without specic entiation, it means thi Code Section. tis the user's esponsblty to select the Code Section, that mart nesely apples toa proposed Piping instalation. Factors to be considered inclade limitation ofthe Coe Section, uation Foqulremen and the appli of oer codes and tana, All applicable requienets of the selected Code Seton shal be met. Foe some instalation more han one Code Section may apply to diferent parts of the installation. Certain piping within a facili may beset thee ational or industry codes and standards The veri alzo responsible fo posing reuiesents “supplementary to those ofthe Code frecesay to enue sa piping forthe proposed installation. “he Code sats foth engineering requlzements deemed necessary for safe design and const tionof pressure piping We suet ithe basc consideration, thisfoctor lone wilt nacessrly ‘gover the ial spelicalions for any piping sytem. The designer is cautioned that the Code [sot a design handbook: i does not do sway with the ned forthe designer or for sxnpetent engineering judgment. “To the greatest pestle extent Code requirement fo design are tated in terms of basic sign rineiples and formulas. These ae supplemented as necesnry with specific requirements 10 {ensure uniform application of piaples and to guide selection and application of piping element, ‘The Code profits designs and practices known to Be unese and contains wamngs whese ‘auton, but not prakitio, is warranted "Teapot to 142022“This Code Seton includes (a) references to acceptable material specifications and component standards cing dimen sonal rauiterents an preseuce-terperaurecaings (0) requirements for design of components and assembles, including pipe supports {requirements and data for evaluation and limitation of stress, reetons, and movements associate with pressure emperature changes, and othe forces (a) guidance and imitations onthe selection snd application of mateals, components, and joining methods {e)eoguiements for the fabation, assembly, and erection of piping {P) requirements for amination, inspection a testing of piping {g) procedures for operation and maintenance tat are essential publi safety (provisions fr protecting pipelines from external crrsion and infernal corrsion/ersion Ws intend tha ths Editon of Code Seton B3L.A not be rtoactive. Unless agreement i specifiy made betveen contracting partis to se another sue ot the regulatry body having Ftrediction imposes te se of another issue the atest Edition issued atleast 6 months prior © the original content date for the fst pase of ectvly covering a piping eystem or eyes hall ‘othe governing document forall design, materials, ablation erection, examination, ad testing, forthe piping unt the completion ofthe work and inital eperation ‘Uses ofthis Code are cautioned against making use of Cade revisions without assurance that ‘they ae acceptable fo the prope authorities n the urdton where the piping sobs neal ‘Code users will not that parsgrape in the Code are not necestarly numbered consecutiv. ech dsconinutes esl om following a common ouling Insofar as practicable forall Coe Section In this way, coeresponding materia scomespondingly numbered in mest Code Sections, ‘thas fcating reference by tase who hive ocasan to use more fan one Section. "The Code is er the direction of ASME Commitee BSI, Code for Pressure Piping, which Is onganized and operates under procedures of The American Secety of Mechanical Engineers that Inivebeen accreted by the American National Standards inate TheCommitteis continuing ‘Gna todepe all Coe Sections cure with neve developments in oneila,ctrton, ane Industral practice. New eons are published at interes of 3 t 5 years. "When no Section of the ASME Code for Pressure Piping specifically coves a piping system, this dlacretion the ser may select any Seton determined to be generally applicable However, {tis cauioned that supplementary equlrements to the Section chosen may be necessary to provide fora safe piping system forte ntended application. Tacha itations ofthe various Sections, legal eqlement, and possible applica of her codes or standards are some ofthe factors ‘0 be considered bythe user in dtermining the appicabllty of any Section ofthis Code. “The Connities has establish an oedely procedure to consider requests for interpretation and revision of Code requirements To receive consideration, inquiries must be in welling and ‘st give fall particulars (oce Nonmandatory Appendix A covering preparation of tetecal Inquire) “The approved reply to an inquiry will be sent drwy to the inguite In addition the question sand reply will be published ss part ofan Interpretation Supplement naued to the applicable Cone Section "A.Cose is the prescribe form of reply to an inquiry vehen sty indents thot the Code wording nesde elacfition or when the reply modifies existing requirements ofthe Code oF {rans permission to use nw malesaeocalternative constructions: The Case wil be published fn the BSL.A Web stat hp stools ase "A Case i normaly issued fora Limited period after which it may be renewed, incorporated in the Code, or alowed to expire i thee fs no indiston of further need forthe requirments Covered by the Case. However, the provisions of Case may be aied ater i expizaton oF ‘withdrawal, proving the Case wa effective on the original contract date was adopted before empltion of the work, and the comracting partis age 1 is use ‘Materials are listed in the stess tables onl when sufiient usage in ping within the seope ofthe Code has been shown. Materials may be covered by a Case Requests fr sting stall include evidence of satisfactory usage and specie data to permit establishment ofallwable roses, nanimum and minimum temperature lis and other restrictions. Additonal niteria ‘an be foun in the gudelines far adction of new matecals inthe ASME Boller and PressureVessel Cade, Section I and Section Vil, Division 1, Appendix B, (To develop usage and gain experience, unlisted materials may bese in accordance with pars. 231) Requests for interpretation and suggestions for vision shouldbe addressed to the Secretary, ASME BSI Commite, Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016, xaASME B31.4-2012 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Following approval bythe B3L Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME 83142012 ‘was approved by the American National Standands institute om September 14,2012 ASME 214-2012 includes eto changes, revisions, and corrections identified by 2 margin ‘ote, (2), peed nox to the affected ze Page tacton Change 1 ama Revised S10 m2 Revised in ts entity ” soz ‘Secand sentonee revised 18 32.1 Revised 9 a3 ‘Thied paragraph added a Table 403211 General Not (a) revised 2 Table 4033.11 Revised 26 aoa Ade % sous Fit paragraph reise aoua72 Revised a spina Subparagraph (a) revised » a2 (2) Subpaagraph () revised (2) Paragraph 4226 deleted %6 apis Suparagraph (b) revised 183 Tie and subpar (0) revised sous Subparagraph (D1) revise s siz Subparagraph (a) revised 2 55 Tite revised o 4862, Sbparagrphs () through (added and remaining sbperagraphs edesignated 4965.1 Subparagrophs (4) and (bX16) through (bys) ade a waa Paragraph (a) revised @ 7a Subparagraph (9 deleted 6 wo Revised “0 “ie revised « wis Subparagoph (revised76 a8 to, 102 11-106 Levan ast ry “6 52 612 662 sas Chapter x (Chapter x1 Change Revised in tently () Subparagraphs (8) and (0) revised (@ Subparageaph (e)() deleted Subparagraph (a) evsed Revised in its entity (0) Paragraph 4601 revieed () Subparagraph 462.2% added Revised Revised Revised Revised Added ‘AddedINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKChapter | Scope and Definitions ‘400. GENERAL STATEMENTS {@) This pipeline eanspotation systems Code is one of several sections of The American Society of Mechani- ‘al Engincers Code for Pressure Piping, ASME B31, and 18s the esponslity ofthe wer ofthis Code to eect the apple Section. This Section is published at 8 Separate document for convenience This Cade applies te hydzocarbons, iguid petroleum gas, anhydrous ‘smmenisleaol andcarbon dow Throughout this Code these systems wil be efered to aslguld pipeline systems, (0) The requirements of thls Code are adequate for safety under conditions normally encoustred in the fperation of guid pipeline systems. Reslrements for Mt abnormal or ania contions ate nt specially provided for, nor areal dtl engineering and con Struct preverbed. All work performed Within the ‘Scope ofthis Code shal comply withthe safety sta dards expressed or implied Te) he primary purpose of hs Code sto establish requirements for safe design, construction, inspection, testing operation, and maintenance of lui pipeline systems for protection of the general public and ‘operating company personnel os well as for easonable protection ofthe piping sjstom against vandalism and Scien damage by other, and reasonable protection (of the environment (@) This Code is concmed with employee saety to the extent that i is afeted By base dig, quality of materials and workmanship, and seguiements for ‘onseuction, inspection testing, operation, and maine nance of liquid pipeline systems, Existing industrial ‘Safety regulations pertaining to work areas, ste work practice and sey devices re not intended fo be sup planted by this Code, (©) The designer i cutlonad thatthe Code isnot 3 sign handbook. The Code does not do away wth the ‘eed fr the engineer or competent enginering fg. ‘ment, Thespeci design requirments the Code us ally revolve around asimplied engineering approach to a subject Teis intended that a designer capable of applying more completa rigorous analyst special ‘oe unustal problems shall have laltide in the develope ‘ent of such designs and the ealution of comple or fombined stresses In such nse, the designe is respon ‘ible for demortrating the ality of he approach {f) This Code shall not be rettoactive a ontued as applying to piping systems installed! before the date of Issuance shown on the document ile page insofar as desig, materials, constrtion assem inspection, land testing are concerned It intended ower, that the provisions ofthis Code shall be applicable within ‘imo after date of issuance to the relation, replace rent and upating or otherwise changing of existing, Piping systems; an to the operation maintenance, and omecon contol of new oF exiting piping systems. ‘Aer Coe revisions ae approved by ASME snd ANSI, they may be used by agreement benween contracting partis Beginning with the date of nuance, Revisions Become mandatory o° minimum reqsiement for new Instalations 6mo ater dato asuance excep for piping Installations or components contacted foror under cn steution prior to the end ofthe Go period (@) The users ofthis Code are avid that in some arene legislation may establish govermental jurisdic: tion over the subject matter covered by this Code ane are cautioned against making uso of evsons that ae fess reserve than forme regulremantsvathout having, assurance that they have been accepted bythe proper futhories in the jurisdiction where the piping is fo te installed, The Department of Iranspotation, United States of Ameria, ules governing the transportation by pipaline innterstate and foreign commerce of pao leur, petroleum prodcts, an ligils rich a ay rows ammonia or arbon dione are prsctibed under Part 195 — Transporation of Hazardous Liguids by Pipeline Tle 49 Transportation, Code of Federal Regulations. 400.1 Scope 400:.1 This Code prescribes requirements fr the design, materials, constuction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of piping trans Porting liquids between production flies, tank farms, tural gas processing plans, refines, pip stations, ammonia plants, terminals (arise, ell and frock), and other dlivery and receiving points (See Figs 4001.14 and 400112), “This Code also prescribes requirements forthe design, material, constuction, assembly inspection esting, ‘operation, and maintenance of piping transporting ueousslrie of nolazardous materials sich aco, ‘mineral ors, concentrates, and other sli materials, betwen a shurey processing plant or terminal and 3 recoving plant or teil (see Fig 400.113) aFig. 400.11-1 Diagram Showing Scope of A GeeFig. 400.1.1-2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon Diode Pipeine Systems ee roses, iy Ss = t ey a mana Petr ent cate te seca ent man ane Goa — iain, — ee sat rere in srssene ee Pecsciamusc enema crete! iia eatas paces Petey te tn one, Si pen pt ainsi vere (2) Grtare etre, (2) Nao or uk a anger elag).Fig. 400.11-3. Dlagram Showing Scope of ASME 851.4 fr Slry Pipeline Systems \ FA reicieinae Tor anor pp station — Piping tin 8314 scope SE continuation of 8314 e008 thoush 268 FE sancend at 8a sope wtin pt en =~ Petit ot rocesing plano revo nt 1 © Prose ne of proseing punt orrcehing panton Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relict devices, ittngs, and the pressure Containing parts of other piping components, It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary lo prevent everstssing the presse containing pars 1 oes ot inlude support srctares Such as rames of balding, stanchions, or foundations, te any equipment such ae define in para 400120), Requirements for offshore pipelines are found in ‘Ghapter DC Requiemensfor sry pipelines ae found in Chapter XL Also ineladed within the scope ofthis Code ane (a) primary and anointed ain liquid pete and guid anhyérousammeniapipingatppeline termi als (arine ral and truck tak arms, pur stations, pressure reducing stations, and metering stations, Including saper traps, stainers, and prover loops Ti storage and working tanks, including pipe type storage faite from pipe and tings, and piping inte these fais 16) lguid petro and guid anhydrous amnonia piping located om property thnt hasbeen set aside for uch piping within petroleum seiner, natural gasoline, fas processing, amnria, and bulk plans (@) those aspects of operation snd maintenance of lig pipeline systems relating wth ety an potec- sate rtp oper ingen pene paras 4040) 400.2. This Code was not developed t apply to (a) bulling service piping, suchas water ai orsteam (0 pressure wesc heat exchanger, pumps, meters, and other such equipment incising internal piping and Connections for piping except as limited by ara. 423240) (0 Piping with a design temperature below -20°F (306 or above 250°F (20%) (@ easing tubing. pipe ud in ol wells and well. bead assembles 1400.2 Definitions Some ofthe more cominon terms relating to piping ae defined blow For welding trms used in his Code but not shown here, definitions in accordance sth AWS A30 spply. accidental ods: any unplanned lod or combination of “unplanned loads caused by human inervertionornat- ral phenomena ‘active conesion: corrosion that is continuing oF not rested anomaly an indication, detected by nondestructive ‘uamination (such a ine inspection. are welding (AW ' group of welding processes that produces calecence of workpieces by eting ther With an are. The process are teed with or without he ‘pplication of prenure and with or without filer metal. uma welding welding with equipment that equtes nly oceasional or no observation ofthe weing, and ‘80 manual sdjstment of the equipment contol fil: material placed in a ole o tench to fil xsa- ‘ated space around pipeline it imperfection: an ixperfection characterized by smoothly coatouredvaeatons sn wall thickness brenrzy coupling. composent installed inthe pipeline ‘allow the ppain to separate when predetermined ua Toa i applied wo de coupling bce a condition where the pipeline has undergone Sulit plastic deformation to cause permanent win lng in te ppe walla excessive cross sectional defor maton caused by lads acting alone on combination sth hydrostatic pressure butt wed typical bt jun, single Vroove well: 0 wold between two members aligned appeonimataly is the se plane thoi protection (CP tecnique to reduce the corteson ‘fa metal surtae by making tat sac the cathode ofan electeochemil cal trator quant the ype se, shape, mentation, find location ofan anna contin liga, Lquetabe, or mastic composition tha, Ste application toa suefce, is converted into slid protective or functional adherent film. Coating aso Includes tape weap. coating system: complete number and types of coats applet to a surface ina predetermined onder. (When ‘sed in a broader sense surface preparation, prereat rents, dey film thickness, and manner of epplistion re incase) ‘ald springing: deliberate deletion of piping, within its Yel sen, to compensate for antcpated thermal pansion = Sldence. The effects of ll part of the pipaine and all ‘estan supper, guides and sources of ition shall be considered. When flexibility cleultions are pet= foumed, liar and angular movernents of equipment {0 which the pipeline has been attached shall ls be conadered, Calculations shall take into account tess inensifin- tion factors found 1 exist in components other than Plalnsteaight pipe. Ceaitmay be taken forexta ex. fy of such component. In the absence of more dietiy applicable data, the esbiityfctrsand stessintensf Eatin factors shown in Table 402-1 may be Calculations of pipe stresses in loops bens, and of ‘sts shall be baed onthe total range from minim 2 ‘maximum lempecature normally expect, segndless (oF whather piping is cold sprang oF not. In aliton to expansion ofthe line itl the neat and angle ‘movements ofthe exipment to which iis atached shal be corsere Calculations of thermal forces and moments on anchors and equipmentsuchas pumps, meters and heat ‘exchangers shall be based on the eifleence between installation temperature and minimum or maximum anticipate operating temperature, whichever esuls in A higher stress. "Nomina dimensions ofpipeand tings shall be use in Mexbilycaeulatons. 402.2 Properties 4022:1 Coffient of Thermal Expansion. The in ‘xr coetcient of thermal expansion for enon an ow Alloy high ten see may be taken ae 65 % 10° in in /' for temperatures up to 250°F (117 % 10* man/ sim/*C for temperstizes ip to 120°C), 4022.2 Modul of Eastity. Fexbity calculations stall be base on the modula of elasticity at ambient temperature 02.2.3 Poisson's Rati, » Poisson's ratio shall be taken a8 03 forsee 1402.3 Stress From Internal Pressure For both restrained and unrestrained pipelines, the sSreumferedal hoop) sess duet internal presse is ‘lead a (US, Customary United (st unite outside diameter of pipe, in. (mim ternal design gage pressure, pl (D1) Sy, = creumferetal (hoop) sree eto interna pressure, pat (MP) tral tikes of pipe, nom) ‘The above equation may not be applicable fr pipe Dp Tee than 20. "402.4 Stress From External Pressure For both sestained and unzetined pipelines, the circumferential sre from external pss, isclt= Inted a for intenal presse subsiting Por? For exteral pressure inthe equation compressive sess Is negative Gishore pipe systems require ational considers- tion. Refer to Chapter Dc 402.5 Stess From Thermal Expansion 4025.4 Restrained Pipe. Thermal expansion sess in restrained pipe is actlated as Sem Eel,Table 402.1-1 Flexibilly Factor, and Stress Intensification Factor, recy ous) en sie notes C-(71 ai -e ol e eee at 152 os 075 ne femoris RSE Stan reeetilememn Peeters Pe aa + oreo + arsivass BE aie “ted we i: ‘ a4 a 0 Ce sand on Fie weed et Ge 7 7 ‘ried ange weldedTable 402.1-1 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Facto, / (Con's) Foxity ety oesipon eco ote ote) _chretrse set ‘Gye ange ath 1 ‘a SE 614 ue "rene pe eo 7 2 ‘mgd ras, B 3s ‘non (tion 1) oxrorsa, 1) Fs a mires. te Mei sr and se teint 8 ee edie ay lane nl oat be es tan ei ar ton sui. 80 tap oe ne eet gh Gow hn cae ines tne shee locas ané mie slows aa eration at ee (0 Tens ot ard cn een ec am ht yeni wh roe omg fam he equations se, b> Sends of wenger eben. 72 men aa tne pi 2 5S pac ose tes omy 1S tomil nl ess of pt ol for eons coved re ber: matching pe for wong te: 1 ents ed hans half ali oe ed ae mae real ae beeen cet ieee eg (0 Wha ngs ste aac oot a bth nds. aie a Han hs Te hl beret y te ac ie on ‘is cn be read ety Rom Cate the campated ane nd aged, his ba nds fan (6 The cg aoned a st bu weg ewe ay hve concry her l ha at ee MN wi ey ae ‘ad Lage ere maybe Inrasens ns aero hae ese hates cen «ica tein swe ad: sr can ian le map eit od sas erin rma ny soe UR rer Stesimamienten er by 143.25. = ld mots of Hay (oa ines sg mtr. (8 en 7 1 ah = 45 (bo Rar et anahce overs cnoued prion ft esi ithe le cong theo of tenn and bach Th bet ellie (mia Wes 054 0 38 mm (5 (3) maximum a Sal ma ed (Yor bts 020005 nr 0304+ 13 mn (0.50) (2) for bones an 390 DS B32 mm 8.35"). (o When the erat cata oan mre tan ane mca he as mA Hoan 6 al mee ‘Beregureone (3) aoe (a diving hl at be empleo meth toe equa (23 ew son402.14 Flxbilty Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, (Cont'd) | yr — TN = fear aan arctic ® < co tetor Cy & 1 Enamanged c= Es i Ende ange C=whee = modull of elasticity ‘ermal exp sen, a a pletion of final ean, FC) Sperating temperature, FC) ecient of thermal expansion n/n./“F (came) Inthe above equation, compressive stress isanegative vale 4025.2 Unrestained Pipe. Calculations shall ake Jago account Nesbliy and rs ntnsfetion factors of piping componente “The stress ange elingfrom thermal expansion in pipe, stings, and components in snrestaine pipeline {stalcuated a follows, using the moduli of elasticyy st the istlled temperate 52 TE where "= roullan Bending sess, pl (MPa) 5; = tonioal sess pa (MP) NOTE Thema te bali rte ange tin Denn nai pein per ‘The esultant bonding stress, 5,6 calculated os foes: (aaa {in-plane stress intensification factor From “Table 402-1 Note thats I for pipe ‘ourorplane ste intensiiestion factor from ‘able 4021-1, Note that 1 for pipe ivplane bending moment, inl (Nm) four-lane bending moment, inl (Nan) Section meduls of the pipe, or ofthe Bing ‘outlets apliable nem) Resultant torsional ses, Si ealeuate as where ‘My torsional moment, in-Ib (Nm) 402.6 Longitudinal tess 402.6. Restrained Pipe. Longitudinal ses in sestsined pipe is calculate! os Sees Mena hese "A= meal area of nominal pipe cross section, in? (em) Fr, = anil force, such a weight ona ie, 1b (N) 1M = Beng moment, 1b (Nam) Se = thermal expansion ste, pet (MPa) Sx = decumferental (hoop ses due to intemal res, pat (MP) 2 = section moduli ofthe pipe, in? (om?) 1» = Poisson's ratio Examples of force, Fy are forces de to the differential pressure ona brie valve, and tional ores di 0 Pipe movement through the sl can be postive negative, depending onthe direction of the force. ‘Syecan be ether a postive or negative value Both postive and negative values of M/Z should be conaideted Inthe analysts, Residual sreses from construction are often present for spanning elastic bens, and differential stement. Designers should determine if such stresses need tobe cvalntes, 02.6.2 Unrestralned Pipe. The longitina stress from pressure an external loadings in unvestrained pipe ealessted 36 (US. Castomary Units) (st Unite So where "A= metal aes of nominal pipe eras section, in? (em) futede diameter of pipe, in. (um) {ana ore such as Weight an @ rie, (N) ‘componente intensification inplane of load- ng (se Table 4021-1), ited by 07512 1. For stelght pipe, = 10, 1M bending moment across dhe nominal pipe cross Section duct weight o seismic ert loading ins (Nm) = intemal design gage pressure, pi (bat) wall thickness of pipe in. um) section moduli ofthe pipe oro the iting out Tet as apleable In? em") Note that longitudinal tres fom presen une strained line should include consideration of bending ‘ress ot aval tes that may be caused by elongation ofthe pipe duet internal pressure snd retin tes ft bonds and at connections and prodice additions loads on equipment and on suppers402.7 Combining of Stresses In restrained pipe the longitudinal and cecumferen- tial steses are combined in necordance wih the m= tim shear stress theory as flows: 54 =2 (SI where ‘Sq = equivalent combined stress When 5, canbe disregarded, the combined tess cl ‘ulation canbe duced othe fllowing Is- Sa such that when 5, <0, [5 (5 and whan $,> 0, Sis, 59) where ‘y= abl srs, pl (MPa) Altematively the stresses maybe combined in acon dance with the maximum distortion energy theory a5 folowes 5q= SF=SS ESTEE where 5) = torsonal ses, ps (MPS) 1407 8 Stracane Fm Ronan Rall Tne Lande “The total etectve stress de to internal design ps sur, tomperature change, and external lands ican both lve a ded lon) in pipe installed under ea tonds o highways without war casings may be cle Inted in accordance with APL RP-1102 oF other calculation methods. Cycle stress components shall be ‘heck foe fatigue Where casings are used, the same methodology may tbe used for the design ofthe casing. 1403 CRITERIA FOR PIPELINES, 403.1 General ‘Design and installation analyses shal be based upon accepted enginering methods, material sens, 2nd ‘Spplcable design conditions, ‘The dsign requlroments of this Code are adequate {or public safety under conditions usualy encountered Inpiping systems within the scope ofthis Code, incud- fing lines within villages towns cies, ane industal ares. However, the design shal provide reasonable pro- {eaten to prevent damage tothe pipeline fom unustal extznal conditions that may be encountered in river crossings, olfshore and inland coastal water areas, badges areas of heavy tac longsel supported spans, unstable ground, vibration, weight of sped attach ‘ments, or forces resulting from abnormal thermal ood tons. Some ofthe protective measures tat the design 8 may provide areencasing with ste pipe oflarger dian ter nding concrete protective coating adding 9 can trate cap, inerensing the wall thks, lowering the line tos greter dept, or indenting the presence of he line with atonal markers. Inno case where the Code refers the specified min mim value of physical propecy shall higher vale ofthe property be Used in extalihing the allowable Stress vale Pipelines within he scope ofthis Code may be subject to anditons during contrcton ane operation where the extemal pressure exceed the internal pressure. The pipe wall sisted shal provide adequate strength 10 prevent claps, taking int consideration mechanical properties, vasatons in wal thickness permitted by iaterial specifictions, out-of roundness, bending Stresses, ad external loads ‘The forces and moments transmitted to connected uipment suchae valves, strainers tanks pressure ves- felesand pumps ball kept with sess ts speci fis! herein and in other apliabe codes steal or internal cotngs or inings of cement pas tics, or other materials maybe used on ste pipe con- forming othe requirement of this Code These coatings orlinings shall not be considered toad stengh unless ‘ean be demonstrate that thy do 0. All incline pipe end pipeline components shall be designed to allow passage of instrumented internal Inmpecron sevice 14032 Criteria for Pipe Wall Thickness and Allowances 40.2.1 Criteria. The nominal wall thickness of straight sections of te pipe sal be equal 6 or greater than fy determined in accordance withthe following, equation: where ‘A sum of llowances for threading grooving, cor rosin, and erosion as required in paras. 3.2.2 trough 08.24 and Increase in wall thickness ‘used as protective measure in para. 403.1 nominal wall thickness satisfying requirements for pressure and allowances 1 = pressure design wall thickness a calculated in In (zum) in accordance withthe folowing uations: (US. Customary Unis) (st Unis) onoutside diameter of pipe, in. en) intemal design gage pressure, ps (ba) applicable allowable stress vale psi (MP), as determined by the following equation: ‘ree Sinmun yd egnctae pe pu oer where B= weld jot factor a defined in Table 4092.-1 FF = design factor based on sominal wal hickness 5, = specified minimum yield stength ofthe pipe, sl oa} In setting design factor, due consideration bas bean given to and allowance has been made forthe underthickness tolerance and maar allowable depth ofimperfctions provided for in the speientions approve by the Cade, The ‘ale of Fused inthis Code shall be not grater ‘han 072. Where inaiated by sevice of loc on, users fis Code may eect to use design facto, Flas than O72 4032.2 Wall Thickness and Defect Tolerances. Wall ‘hicks tolerances and defet tolerances for pipe shall beas spectied is applicable pipe specifications ot lensonal sandaede included in this Code by ele fence in Mandatory Append I Design actos in this Code were established with due consideration for lnderthickness tolerance and maximum allowable depth of imperfections allowed bythe reference stan ards no adational allowance is necessary 2032.3 Conosion. A wall thickness allowance for 040, K= 1.00 (0) for diD>0.15 and not exceeding 060, K = 05 + sa) (6) for dD S015, K = 070 ‘he design must moot the criteria that the ior ‘ment are defined in por. 404.336 isn lee tha the required area. 4043.6 Reinforcement Area. The seinforcement ea shall be the sum of eens A+ A> + Ay as defined bow (@) Avex A. The ar ying within he reinforcement zone weal foe sey excess tenes alae the bender wall Le, A= D0 (0) Arex As, The area ying within the reisforcement zone renting fom any exces thickness avalale in the branch pipe wall Le, Ave 2mm (6) Ave Ay The are ying within the reinforcement zone resuling from excess ickness availble in the cxtuded out lip, A= MT) 404:33.7 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings. ‘The rquirrnents outlined in para 04-36 shall be fl lowed, except thatthe required area and reinforcement tea shal be as given in pars. 4043.35 and 404.336, 406.3.3.8 Marking. The manufacturer shall be responsible for etablshing and marking on the section fonttining extruded outlets the design pressure and temperature, "Established under provisions of ASME 831.4," and the manufacturer's name oe trademark 404.3.4 Welded Branch Connections. Welded branch connections sal be as shown in Fig O13. 4043.42, and 404343. Design shall met the minim,Fig. 4043.41 Welding Detis for Openings With Complete Encitcement Types of Relnforcament (2 Seve Tope Mot 2 {a1 Sate Type thot (She hd pressures exe tse foe metal ude, pe mt oe a poe nome (2) once finden towels nd wel an opr vesing Sung ing ah eaten ae fo. 42001), ot ngued are pe «yy oh sr pt ie hae hr nd ns edo De ee heFig. 1043.4.2. Welding Detalls for Openings With Localized Type Reinforcement ae nh SRE TS A oan Spc eiieit deeded StS waimas 89M 0.9213 me) i 7 Ty 07 My Yn 19 md Foxton (Senn) (a Anlst have apa es eens 8 mii tet eal 9 2.707% (0 Ht rg neous pe hn et; ce een appa a ono becom toe aFig. 400.3. 1 ILI, Table 4083.41 te Spectod Mima Yi Steet of tw heae eirements ised in Tale 404241 and described in pores 40434(¢) teough 40434(@). Where reinforce. {enti equied, paras 404346) and () shall apy a) Smoothly contoured wrought tes or crows of proven design or integrally reinforced extrdes headers frepreered When such ees crosses orheadersare ot ‘sed the inforing member shall exter completely Around. the circumference of the Pig 408.341 fr typical constractions). Whenever post ble, the inside edges of the Rinse opening shall be rounded to sn. mm) rads I the eel mem boris thicker than the header and is ends ar to be ‘welded tothe header the ends shall be chamfered (at proximately 45deq) down ta thickness notin excess ofthe hende thicknes, ancl continous fillet weds shall bbe made. Pas, partial saddles, or other {aed reiiorcements ae prohibited {0) Thereinforcerent member may be ofthe complete cendtlement type se Fig 04.341), pad or saddle ype (Goo ig. #043412) or welding outlet iting ype. Where tached to the header by filet welding, the edges of ‘3 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than That in Header and Branch Walls ] VN N NO Neem N N N N N N N . N N N NY sseramin N \ = gnc. iin iin 8 ae) Sivoo tp Teo 80) Design Crtela for Welded Branch Connections ‘Se re 34 Sip tone) Sep 408340) ‘re pi. 4043.8) 81) Step wont Seep sone) the eeinforcement member shall be chamfered (at approximatly 45 dg) down toa ticks notin excess ‘ofthe header thickness. The ameter ofthe Role cat thebesder pipe for abranch connection sal ot exceed the outside diameter ofthe branch connection By more ‘han i. ( mm 1e) Reinforcement for branch connections with hole ‘eutNP52 or smuller snot equled (ee Fig 404343 for ‘ypieal details); however, care shal be taken to provide table petetion against vibrations and other external forest which these small Branch connections are fe ‘quail subjected. i) Reinforcement of opening not mandatory how ever cenfocemen! nay be reguted fr eases involving resoure over 100 pi (7 Ba) thin wal pipe, or severe ‘steal oad (ef reinforcement member is rquired, and the branch diameters that a localized ype oreo rent member would extend around more th half the ‘remfrence ofthe Reade, then a complete ence: iment type of reinforcement member hall Be used, header (see types of loa 2regards ofthe design hoop sts, oa smoothly om toured wrought sta toe or cross of proven design of extruded ear amy be ed () Therenforement shal be designed in accordance with para. 40435. 1404.35 Reinforcement of Single Openings (a) When wolded branch connections are made to pipe in the form ofa single connection, orn a header frmanifold ae «serie of connections the design shall beadequateto contol testes lveisinthe pipe win Safe its. The construction sal take cognizance of he Stresses ithe remaining pipe wall due fo the opening inthe pipe or Reader, the shen steses produced by ‘he prem ating on the are of the ranch opening, and! any external loading due to thermal movement, Weight, bration, ete, and shall meet the minimum requirements sted ln Table 443-41. The following Pategraphs provide desig rues based on th strest Intention create by the existence ofa hole in an ‘otherwise symmetrical seson. External loadings such fas those due to thermal expansion ar unsupported Weight of connecting pipe, have not been evaluated ‘These factors should be given attention In unusual designs or under conditions of ech loading ‘When pipe that has been col worked to mest the specified minimum yield sngth is uned a 9 header onaining single or melple welded branch connec: ons, sess shall be in acondance with para 0312, (The reinforcement required inthe cstch section ofa wolded branch conneston shall be determined by the rule thatthe meta aeaavalable foe reinoreement shal be equal 1 or greater than the maguire cross sectional ats as defined in prs, 404.313)0) and in Fig. 404351 (0) The required cross-sectional are, Ay is defined asthe product of dines where 14 = lenglh of the fished opening in the hesder wall measured paral tothe ais ofthe eer design header wall thickness required by para 403.12 For welded pip, when thebranch ‘oes not intereect the longitudinal or spiral ‘weld ofthe header the allowable sess value For seamles pipe of comparabe rade may be sed in determining for the purpose of rein Torcement calculations only When the Bach docs intersect the longtinal or speal weld ofthe ender, the allowable ste value $ of ‘the header shall busin the caleulation. The slloable sess valu Sof the ranch shal be ‘sed in eaelating (@ The area avalable for the reiforcement shall be the sum of (1) the cross sectonalazea resulting from any exces thickness valle the baer thickness over the minimum requized for the header as defined in ata, 082.1) and that es within the reinforcement ret 2s defined in pra. 404350) (2) the crosecectional area resulting from any ‘excess thickness avalable inthe branch Wall hckress ‘over the minimum thickness requled forthe branch nd that les within the rvnforcement area ae defined fnparn a0435¢6) “3) the crosesectonal are ofall added enforcing ‘metal including weld metal thats welded vo theeader ‘wal ar is within the enforcement sre ae defloed in para 40135(¢) (The reinforcement are is shown in Fig 0435-1 and is defined a a rectangle whose length sal extend 2 distance, [sce para 4DL3.)] on each side of the transverse centerline ofthe fishes opening and whose Width shall extend a distance of 2 times the head Wall thicknee from the outside surface ofthe beader Wall except that in no case shal it extend more than 2g times the thickness ofthe branch wall fom the out ‘Side surface ofthe header or ofthe einorcement (P The material of any added reinforcement shall, Ihave an allowable working sss at leat equal o hat of stress may be used ifthe are is increased in direct at ofthe allowable stresses for header and reinforcement ‘materia, respetvely (@) The material use for rng orsadde reinforcement may be of specfations fering frm those ofthe pipe, Provided the crosesectional areal had i core po Potton tothe relative stuength ofthe pipe and rein forcement material tthe operating temperatures, and Provided it has welding qualities comparable to those ff the pipe. No credit shal be taken forthe addition Strength of material having a higher strength than that othe part to be reinforced (i) When rings oF saddles are used that cover the ‘wold between branch and Ieader, vent hole shal be rovided Inthe ving o® sade to reveal lekage in the "Weld between tranchand headerand provide venting using welding and beat treating operation, Vent oles ‘Sls plugged during service o prevent crevice ‘Son betwen pipe and reinforcing member but no plug ting material shal be used that would be capable of Sustaining pressure within the cevce () The use of ribs oF gusesshall rot be considered as contributing o reinforcement to the branch connection This does ot prohibit the use of zs or gunels for purposes other than reinforcement, suchas silening () The branch shall be atached bya weld forthe fll thickness ofthe branch or header wal plus let wel, Wy as shove In Figs 404342 and 4043.63. The seFig. 404.3.5-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections Ee ry Cae “sees of renfrcamert enclosed by — == — nes Aeinecement ru reauted A= Breer onrearemet = AVAL + A, Ketnae ea erys AT fan reno at ‘rid mest at itn th “ae rtoeament™ ‘+ Ay Ayan eel peter than Ay "Ftp of the ied opening inthe hder wal Uransred paratroh ns fhehosooh ‘ay macaroons ‘hla of sed rater il haar wal cof concave fillet weld ie prefered o minimize comer free concentration. Ring or aide reinforcement shall beatached ay shown by Fig 408.342 Ifthe reinforcing rember thicker ai eae than dhe header the eg Shall be chamre (at approximately 45 de) down 1 5 thickness 0 log dimensions of he il wed shal be Srithin he minim eed mansion cneaions spec Fed in Fig. 404342 (4) Reinforcement sings and saddles shall be aseu- rately fed to the parts to which they are atache. Figures 44.341 and 404.342 lustate com occeptable forms of reinforcement Branch connections attached at an angle less than 90 dog to the header become progressively weaker as the angle decenses Any such design shal be glven individual study and sulficent reinforcement shall be Provided to compensate forthe Inherent weakness of [ch constuction The use ofenckeling bs to support thoes reed by oem $0012 the flat or renting surfaces s permissible and may boincluded inthe strengthconsierations. Th designer {is cntioned that stese concentrations nes he ens of patil ibs, taps, or gussets may deen her renfor- {ng value, and tele seis not commended. 4083.6 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings (2) Two adjacent branches should preferably be paced a such a distance that hee individual effective ‘res of seinforeenent do nat overlap. When two oF Imoreagjcentbranchesarespaced ales than vo Hes {heir average diameter (0 that thee efetve areas of reinforcement overlap) the group of opeings shal be ‘reinforced in accordance with pra 404.35. Therenfor- {ng metal shall be added asa combined reinforcement, the strength ofvehich shall equal the combined stents ofthe reinforcements that would be eguied fr the Separate openings Inno cae shall any portion of osssection beconsidered to apy tome than one opening OF be evelted more than once a combined re, (4) When more than two adjacent openings ae fo be provided witha combined reinforcement the nism Sistnce between cee of any two of these opening ‘shall preferably beat east 1 tmes thee average dame ter and the ares of senforcerent betwen ther shal ‘be at east equal (050% ofthe lal eguied forthe two openings on the cos section being considered {c) When wo adjacent openings, as considered in para 41360), howe a distance etree centers les than 5 imes tee awerage diameter no cet for ren orcement shall be given for any ofthe metal beeen ‘hese two openings Va) When pipe which has been cold worked to mest ‘he spcied minimum ye strength is wed asa header containing single ot multiple welded branch connec- tine, tess shal be in secordance with par. 0312 (© Any umber of csey spaced adjacent openings, inv any srangement, may be reinforced a the gop ‘were one assumed opeing ofa ciate enelsing el ach openings 4044 Flanges AOKAA General, Toe desig of flanges manuiac tured in scordance with is paragraph sd sands tse in Table #2611 shal be coed tbl or ‘ne tte psce-temperatre ings ot Fr n para 40412 When sel flange tings ae wed hey ‘al comply with ASME Bie Tis permis to inside tape ore the bon wee {ng nek flanges having dosension complying with ‘ASME BI6S when they ae to be tached ota wall Pipe tireconmended hat tape sal be more irptthana too! 13 Ppline flange nutctred in‘seordnce with MSS Sh-4 and ASME Boa? we designe for acento thin wal pipe ad se {ered forth service ae ‘Where conditions rire the us of ange other han thore covered inthis porgrphy the flanges abl be designed naccordane with Appendcle Section VIL Divison ofthe ASME Bler an Pressure Vessel Cae 04.6.2 Steet Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sizes. Welding neck, slip-on, threaded, and lapped ‘companion figes reducing flange, blind Manges ond flanges cast or forged integral with pipe, iting OF valves, conforming Yo ASME BI65, ASME BIG47, or [MSS SP-1, are permitted inthe sizes listed in these standards and for the pressure-temperature ratings Shown in pra. 404.12. The bore of welding neck anges Should corespond # the ine diameter ofthe pipe ‘with hich they aze to be sae 404.43 Cast Won Flanges Within Scope of Standard Sles. Cast iron Manges are profited, except thowe that are am integral pat of cast on valves, prs 2% ‘ves, and other equipment and proprietary tems [se pare. 4045. and #232400) 404.4.4 Flanges Exceeding Scope of Standard Stes. “Flanges exceeding scope of standard sizes or otherwise departing from dimensions listed in [ASME B65 or MSS SP-44 may be used provide they tye designed in accordance with para 408.81 0.45 Flanges of Rectangular Coss Section. Stip- on flanges of rectangular cos setion maybe used provided they are designed 20 that ange thickness Increased to provide strength equal ota ofthe cores ponding hubbed slip-on ange covered by ASME E165, [5 determined by eacultons made in accordance with the ASME Boller snd PresureVesel Coe, Section VII, Divison Aoi Flange Fangs. Stel or cst ron flanges shall have contact aes in accordance with ASME Ble], ‘ASME BIGS, oc MSS SP Special facings aze permissible provided they are capable of withstanding the same tests as thowe In ‘ASME BI6S. See para. 4.683 for bolting sel teat ftom anges. 044.7 Flange Gaskets 4044.7.4 Genera. Caskets shall bemade ofmats- rials that ve not nurtousy affected by the Mid i he Piping system and shall be capable of withstanding the pressures and tempeatres fo which they il be subjected inservice 4044472 Standard Gaskets. Gaskets conforming to ASME Bl620 or ASME 01621 may be weed Metalic gaskets ther tan rng ype oF spiral wound hllnotbe usd with ASME Clas 150 or lighter anges. “These of metal or metal ckoted gaket ther plain ‘or corrugated) is ot limited (excep as provided in the preceding sentence) as to pressure, provided that the {Spsket materials suitable for the service temperate ‘Gasket groups and typical materials may be used a3 peemited in Table C1 of ASME BIS. "ings for ring joint gaskets shall be of dimensions ‘etait in ASME B1620. The materials for these ‘ings shal be suitable forthe sevice conliions encour term and sal be ster thn the Hangs. 404.4.7.3 Special Gaskets. Special gaskets, including inslating gaskets may be used provided they sre stable forthe tompratures, presure, ui and father conditions to ehich they may be subjected 404.8 Flange Bolts Botting shall conform to ols hal extend corpleely through the nuts Nuts shal confonn to ASTACAIS4 oF ASTM A325, except that ASTM A307 Grade Bats may ‘beused on ASME Clas 150 ond ASME Clas 200 anges a oa404.482 Bolting for Insulating Flanges, Fr insu- lating flanges in. mn) undarsize bolting may be ‘se provided ha ally steal bolting material in acot- ‘dance with ASTALAI9S or ASTM AS! ls used 4044.83 Boling SteltoCastiron anges. When boking Clase 150 see flanges to Class 125 cast fon ange, heat tested carbon ste or ley sts Baltng, (ASTM 13) may be used ony hen both anges are Hatface and the gaskets fl ace oterts, he Baking sll have maximum tensile strength no pester than the manimam tense srngth of ASTM A307 Grade 8. ‘When bolting Clas 30 el flanges fo Class 250 east luon Ranges, the bolting shal have a maximum tne strength no renter than the makimam ten strengtt fof ASTM ASI? Grode B. Good practice indicates that the Mange should be ft face, 400.48. Bolting for Special Ranges. For fangs designed in accordance with pare. 40441 (see jperes 40444 and 40445), bolting Shall conform tothe Applicable section of Section Vill, Division 1 of the ‘ARME Boller and Pressure Vessel Code 4045 valves 4045. General Stee valves conforming to stan: ards and specifications listed in Tables 423.1 and {26151 may be used, These valves may contin cetain fv allah ar seeight fon pare ae proeied for in arte, Gastron valves conforming to standards and spec ‘ations listed in Tables 4231-1 and 4251-1 may be use for presses not to exc 250 pa (17 ha). Care shall, bbe exerized to prevent excetive mechani lading (Gee para 404483). Working presrie ratings of the steel parts of steel salves are applicable withthe temperate mutations (of 20% (-30C) to 250°F (120°C) (we para 401.224). ‘Where een rubberlike or plastic materials reused for scaling, they shal be capable of withstanding the fd presure, and temperature specified for the ping, syste 4045.2 Special Valves. Special valves not listed in “ables 423.11 and 426.11 shal be permite, provided that their design eof at lar aqal strength and ght rest and they are capable of withstanding the same test requirements a covered in these standards nd structural features sty the material specification and test procedures of valves in similar service se forth the listed standards 404.6 Reducers 4046: Manofactored Reduces. Reductions in ine size may be mode by the use of smoothly contoured ‘eucersnanulactute in accordance with ASME BI65, [ASME BI69, o¢ MSS SP-75. Reducer fitings shal ave ressure-temperatue ratings based on the same tess values as were used in establishing the pressure temperate limitations fr pipe ofthe same or equiva lent materia, Where appropriate, changes in dlameter may be accomplished by reducing ellos, reducing oll! tees, or valves. 4046: Fabricated Reducers. Fabricated recuse: shal conform tothe reqlrementsof pra 404.10, Seam ‘welds of fabeted seduces shall be vel inspected in inspected by radiography or ultrasonic seat wave techniques 4046.3 Orange Peel Swages. Orange pool swages ae profited in systems operating at hop stesses of tore than 20% of he specied mnmum yield stength ofthe pipe, Seam wel shal be visually inspected 4047 Closures 4047.1 Quick Opening Closures. A quick opening closuce is = pressure containing component (see peta 404.10) wed for repeated acces to the interior of piping system. I is ot the itent af ts Code to lmnpore the requirements of speife design method on thedesigner or manufacturer ofa quickepening closure ‘Quick opening comures sed for pressureconainment under this Code shall have pressure and temperature ‘atings equal to or in exes ofthe design sequiements tote pipeline ryeem to hc ey re ata oe paras. 4001 trough 403), (Gui opening closures shall be equipped with safety locking devices in compliance with Section VII, Divison 1 UGSS() of the ASME Boller and Pressure Verel Code "Weld end preparation shall bein accordance wth para wu86.| 404.7.2 CosureFitings. Closure iting commonly tefered to as "weld ape” shll be designed and manu facture in accordance wide ASME BIG or MSS SPS. 4047.3 Closure Heads, Closure ends such as fa, clipsoidal (ther than in para. 4047.2), spherical, oF otal sda a allowed fre under this Code Such ‘ems shall be designed in acordance with Seton VI, Division I othe ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. ‘The manimum allowable stresses for materiale wed hese closurheadsshallbe established under he prove slons of pars 4092, "welds ae used in the construction ofthese heads, ‘hey shal be 10% radiographically inspected in accor: dance withthe provision of Section VI, Divison 1 ‘Closure head shall have pressure and temperature ating equal oo in excen ofthe reqrements of para M32 I not the intent ofthis Cade fo necesaly fxtend the design requirements of Section VII, Divisio 1, o other components n which closure heads ae pat ofa complete assemblyon 408.7. Fabricated Closures. Orange peel bul pgs are profited on systems operating st = hoop sess mote than 20% of the speed minim yield strength ofthe pipe. Flas and Mat closures are permite for [NPS3 and smaller, operating ales than 100 psi bat). Fishtls ad lat closures an pipe larger than NPS3 te rotbited 4047.5 Bolted Blind Mange Closures. Bolte blind ‘ange sures shal conform to par, 4044 4048 Joints 4048.1 Butt Welds. ut welded joins shall be in sccordance with Chapter V 4048.2 Mange Joints. Flanged jolts shall met the requirements of para 44, 04.83 Threaded Joints. All exteal pipe thresds on piping components shall be tper pipe three. They Shall be line pipe heads in accordance with APIS, ot NPT threads in accordance with ANSI/ ASME B12 Allineral pipe treads on piping components sal be taper pipe theods, except for sizes NDS 2 and smaller with design gage pressures not exceeding 150 pst (U0 barn which chee straight threads may be wed 404.4 Sleeve, Couple, and Other Patented es. Stel connector sn sive complying wit APY GH Say be sed: van, malleoter a wTought iron tend coping ce scepabe subject to te ne al prs 4234 Seve coupe, and ober Pete ots maybe used provided (a 3 prokton int hs ben sujet o prot tts to determine the safety ofthe int andr ated Serirconons When baton fig een tons low temperature, hema expendan, or oer Sever condition are antes, the apple sn ‘on shall be corporat inte tt (ade providons ae made to pevetsepae- ton ofthe and to preven longi or ter Imovaent joes provided for ne oing member 404.9 Supports, Braces, Anchors, and Atachments 4049: General The applicable sections of MSS P-58 for materia and design of pipe hangers on p= ports and of MSS SP-9 for their selection and appl tion may be wed pipe is designed to operate shove 20% SMS, all tachment welded tothe pipe shall be ade to ssa fate ejlndecal member that completely enctcles the pipe and thi encrling member sal be welded to the ibe, by continuous cremfrenial elds 4049.2 Supports. Supports shall be designed to supporthepipe without causing excessive oa sesses inthe pipe ard without imposing excessive axial or lateral ction frees that might prevent the desired fre dom of movement 4049.3 Braces. Braces and damping devices may occasionally be aged to preven vibration of piping 4049.4 Attachments. All altachmens tothe pipe shall be designed to minimize the added stress in the pipe wall because ofthe attachment Nointegral lattachmen’s, suchas pipe clamps and ring pnders are Preferred where they wil full the supporting ot Enchoring functions. External an eternal attachments to piping shall be designed so they wil not cause Matening ofthe pipe, ‘excesvelocalized bending tees, or harm theta ‘gradients in the pipe wall ‘408.10 Other Pressure Containing Components Presur-containing components that are not covered. by the standard stein Tables 423.11 or 26 1 and {Gr which design equation or procedie ate not ve herein may be used where the design of salary shaped, proportioned, and sized components has bes proven satifoctory by succes performance under omparable service conditions (interpolation maybe ‘made between similarly shaped proved compones ‘with small diferenes in size or proportion) In the sence of such service experince, the pressure design ‘hall betas onan analysis consistent withthe general design philosophy embodied ths Code and ctbstan tated by a lest one ofthe fllowing. (a) proof ests (described in UG-10 of Seton VI, Division ofthe ASME Boiler and Preset Vessel Cade) 10) experimental suess analysis (as described in Appendix 6 of Section VII, Division 2, of the ‘ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code). 1G) engineering calculations 404.11 Used Piping Components ‘Used piping components such as fittings, elbows, bends, tersections, couplings, reducers, closures Fangs, valves, and eguipment may be reseed. (Reuse of pipe covered by para 43.10), However stich ome ponents and equipennt shall be cleaned, examined, and ‘conditioned if ecesay to ens that hey meet ll roqulrements forthe intended sevice and ate fee of detec, addition, resesallbe contingent onidentifistion ‘ofthe spesifiation under which teitem wos originally produced: Where the specification cannot be identled, {se shall be profited 408.12 Aunliary and Rel Piping 408.12.1 Instrument and Other Auxlary Piping. All instrument and ether auiary piping connected Primary piping and that operates at 2 gage press exceeding 15 ps (1 bat) shall be construe in scot ‘dance withthe provision of this Code0412.2 Rel Piping. Pzesuze disposal or elie piping between pressure origin pont and eit device {Shu be i accontance with this Code ‘An isoltion valve capable of Ful desig foe ello maybe intl between origin pot and et devie Providing much valve can be lorked or sled in the ‘pen postion. Dispose! piping fom relief device shall Derconnected toa proper disposal feity, which may ‘ea flare stack suitable pit sump, o take Ths ‘Piping stall ve no valve beter self devir and ‘Sieposal facility snes such valve canbe locked or ‘le nthe open postion 8o Chapter III Materials 423 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 42341 Acceptable Materials and Spcifeations (@) The materials use shall conform tothe specifica: tions listed in Table 423.1 or shall meet the require ‘ments ofthis Code for materials not listed. Specific ‘tons of standards Incorporated in this Code by eer fence and the names and addresses of the sponsoring bonganizations, are shown in Mandatory Appendix 1, Since its not practical to veer to a specie eiton of fc standard In Table 423.1-1 and tought the Code text Mandatory Appandi willbe revised at intervals, snodad and issued in Addenda theCode Materials fd components conforming oa speciation or stan: dard previously sted in Table 4231-1, orto a supe. ‘edad edition ofa Isto specication or standard may be wed (©) Except as otherwise proved for in this Cove ‘materials that donot conform to listed specication ‘or standard in Table 23.11 may be used provided they ‘conform oa published specfcton covering chemist, phil and machanscl properties method and process Sf manufacture, heat teatmens and quay contol and otherwise meet the requcemenisofhisCode, Allowable Seases shall be determined in accordance withthe ‘appleable allowable sues bss of thi Code o 8 more ceervaive base, 425.2 Limitations on Materials 423.2: Gener (a) The designer shall ive consideration theslgnit- leance of temperature on the performance of the materi, 1) Selection of matecal to resist corrosion, erosion, and other deterioration inservice not within the cope ofthis Cade tis the designer's pony to eect ‘materials suitable foe the fd or slurry service under the intended operating conditions, An example of a Source formation on materials performance noero- SIveenvzonments isthe Crmson Dats Surry publisied by the National Assocation of Corosion Engines 423.23 Steel. Steels for pipe are shown in “Table 231-1 (except as noted in parm 2325), ‘Stel pipe designe to be operated ata hoop stiss of more than 20%. SMS shall Be impact ested in ace dance withthe procedures of supplementary sequie ment SRS of APLSL or ASTMASSS Thetest temperate shal be the lower of 32°F (0%) or the lowest expected teal temperature during servic having regard fo post ‘ecotded temperature data and possibe effects of oet tran ground temperatures The average ofthe Charpy nergy values from each het sll mest or exceed the ‘allowing (@) For all grades with an SMES equal too geeter than 42,00 pi (299 MP), the required minimus ave age (et of three specimens) absorbed energy foreach heat Based on fullsize (10 mum % 1D mun) specimens Shall be 20 Tbte (27 J} for tansverse specimens or 30 Tb (4 J) for longitudinal samples. (0) For al grades with an SMYS less than 42,000 pt (239 Ps), the requted minim average (st of hr Specimens absorbed energy foreach hat based on al steed (10 man x 10 sam) specimens shall be 131 (8), 423.24 Cast, Malleable, and Wrought lon (a) Cast, malleable, and vvrought ion shal not be use for presurecontaining ports except ae provided in pars. 4071(2) and (and para. 423240). (0) Cas, malleable, and wrought kon ae acceptable {in pressure vessels and other equipment noted in para. 400-12(B) and in proprietary items [see para 400:12(), exept that pressurecontsning parts Shall be Limited to pressures not exceeding 250 ps (17 ba. 423.25 Materials for Liqud Anhydrous Ammonia Pipeline Systems. Only ste conforming to spec tions listed in Mandatory Appendix I shall be used for pressure-conaining piping components and equipment Inliguld anhydeous ammonia pipeline sytem. How. ‘ever Internal pats of such piping components and ‘equipment may be made of other materi sultabe for the sec, "The longitudinal or spiral weld of electric resistance welded and electric induction welded pipe shall be ommalived. CCl formed fistings shall be normalized after fabrication, "Except forthe quantiles pelt in tel by ine vidual specifications for steels listed in Mandatory Append he use af copper, zing or alloys of thsemetal is profited forall pressure piping components Subject toa lguid ankydrous ammonia enirosment 425 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS: 4253 Gaskets Limitations on gasket materials are covered in pase a8, 4254 Bolting Limitations on bolting materials ave covered in para 4085,Table 423.1-1 Material Standards Sana w Spetaton oe. set etc cated Wl & Sales ‘Stole Caton Sie Pipe Hip Temperate Sere pe, Stl Uae feor Wr Wen (aes 5 Yo 34 it arcs bc asset pe 5 did ‘Seles Heo ls Woe ele haste Sis tie Seanless ne ele tel Pipe Low Temperate See. Flere aon Wels Asteoe Oona Stairs Sil ip epee Sve ad Gael open ented eager i its ih i an Sa {ie Smee Me Sel on rs ene Sa ‘enealeutemens er Spealzed Caton an ay Stl erefsnele Sl Pips or kmospc ad Lone Tenpetues Eleceraor ele tt Pigs Hghomssre Seca at Hoty pie Seamless nd ele feast Sues Stel Pe Fertile Sines Stel Pn Sc sn Wed i din ie al tee te ‘es sa nt ed iin ‘tater Wa Stet uncg io ds a opin sd ban Se ‘aon ste Fines fr ing Components (Gobo Seal foins for Genera Pare Pings ‘ep edly od Stes Se Pe ans dg des sd a oh api el cass ibn, Sui rating ath Tempe Sace Si Cai Nani Ses an oy, Pot ong Pt Se iho ‘ping Fins af igh to Si andy Sc! Tr Mode nd gh Tampere Sees {arom and Lo Aly Sel oes. Reuteg Nt Tages asing fr ong Compose Casings Aten Pesos Pn Fert Duct oe Pressure eaing Casings reo nod Yenerines Wout Aste Ss Se Poe Fines, Pin ns ou ao est oy Sit oa pir Sv ‘en di Se oreo Po Faas iting i ns are an Fad Can ny Si ges fe oops Svc ‘oa Freehand Maren Sree ee png ge en a ite son Stan pin fae Sie oe Panes asym Saving a We ngs! tg Coots ibn St pen Se ge ed DesaTable 423.1-1 Material Standards (Cont'd) ‘ote nd tis tl ting Mates for Wamp High Pst Sece and ter Spe pss osetons Caton an lo Ma ia ign ese emp Se eh fan Stat a mS, 0.00 Teste Seah : ‘Noy Stet nf Sana So bales ura rtp Ste Smells, Se Het Fete, 120/105 I nin es Sth ‘uenche nd amped lay StS Sse, a te ely Ted Fens vt Stn aS nt Hs 2/0 inn sesh ae Pats, So and Scul Sapes ae Genesee ale Sc eB Re Se, an St Png enrages fr Steel Om, Coton aa Hy, Hot ‘srr te! tes Ay Steal ange anadim Chim sd homme Sse So Pt She, nd Sip fr Pres esl fr cine gat {Gr nd tered ee Seng Caos Sl ais ‘se este! Mites Caron Se owed nema Sergh ah ess owoy Sel Magus nau le Prasre esl Pats Coon St imped ann Poets ‘ino siemens rte! Shea SpA, Hotel snd Cid ‘Sra Sc ye, Se od 5, adn aed feghraastenah cei snd Tp Ro Sel Pe, Sate or ele ‘esr il Pe, Coton Sel for erm Mh Tenpeie Sa res el Paes, Con St Mode Sed onelengete See ‘esr Ya Pes Aly Shee eth ep {ahSivength Low Ay ClumbamYanadim Structural Sees ‘Sac Eaton Se ts ome apes Sit br, cane, marca Gay es Stet abo, Hata Specs ly amassed gta LoAly Src Set Stet a, bon Merchant Gay, Heancl p Set Becton, Homa pec’ Gay. Meson apes. Prat Vse Pts, Hebe, way Se! ‘Snr Spe or Scare Sel Shaper ange nd Spon ~ Hates, san ané Mande [GENERAL WOTE. Spe eos of nds ire nh Cae yee, nde ‘raion sho edo Apert ntl et Specie sao of exh andr ‘Novara he ade ten Marcy Kp be ee tens 5 node. 1) Use of 752 spe i eam (2 Ass Gade WM Is tome or ahyous ammonia dt cpp ante tt sts oe png (5 Ateand Ao nx pei fr resve coaig pr sho ace, cement pts, filly wed teesChapter IV Dimensional Requirements 426 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING ‘COMPONENTS 426.1 Standard Piping Components Dimensional standards fo piping components are sted in Table 26.11. Also, cevtain materia specifcn= insted in Table 423.11 entsin dimensional equi ‘ments that are requzemens of section 425. Dimensions ofpipingcomponentsshaleomply with hes standard and specifiations unless the provisions of para 42:2 426.2 Nonstandard Piping Components ‘The dimensions for sostandard piping components shall be such as to provide strength and performance equivalent to standard components oa provided unde Scaton 404. Wherever practi, these dimensions shall onfomn to those of comparable standard components. 42623 Threads ‘The dimensions ofl piping connection threads not otherse covered bya governing component standard tr specication shllconform tothe requirement ofthe applicable standards sted in Table 426.11 (oce pate 4143),‘Table 426.1-1 Dimensional Standards Sando Senin Seeaon Sine Sedror nese ‘ie esa Une Pe Cant fe A Soe 5 SL, 8850) wns. Figs, aes, Fane Festuca ton on : Hebe cosets ip lunges — Rg Sa ind an ct Saori het oo int eee fe: smo: 2s Seer ise EBS Siete Est Sosa ec man Ekuecaun Et Soares Es Sond acter oe si rn sens peauacer operat es Seneca ands ‘tn hn tn a a ina te ter ep wee GENEL NOTE Spc wits of ands crate in thi Cae y ele de nme ant adtesses he sonsaing ‘raion, Shon anes Ropar ee ht praca eto ‘Movstout te Coc tn Maran Rp be med st men snc.Chapter V Construction, Welding, and Assembly 434 CONSTRUCTION 43421 General Neve constuction and replacements of existing sys. tems shall bein acordance withthe tequrement of this Chapter Where writen specications are eguired, ‘bey shale sufcent deta to inure tat the segue ‘ments ofthis Code shal Bmet Such specications shall {nclude specie details on handing of pipe, equipment, ‘material welding andl construction factors that con {ste to safety and sound engineering practic. isnot {ntended bersn that ll contrcton tes be covered fall etal since the speciation should beal-inclusive Whether covered specifically o not alleonstruction an terial shall bein scondance with good engneeing, “het, and proven pipeline paste, 4342 Qualliations 4342.1 Construction Personnel. Construction pe sone valved neil sce sal be gue by elther experience or taining. Critial activities Include, but are rot limited tothe lowing: {a) operation of constriction equipment (0 directional dling equipment operators (0) individals responsible for locating undergzound stnuctures or ules (d) individuals responsible for establishing the loc tion ofthe plot string during dling operations (e) blasting operations 43422 Inspection, The operating company shall make provision for suitable inepection of pipeline and ‘elated factesby qualified inspectors toassurecompl- nee with the constuction specification: Qualification fof inspection personnel and the type and extent of {nspection sal be in sccordance witht equlements of setion 6 Repairs required during new canstuction Sha beim accordance with paras, 4345, 4348, nd e112, 9343 Right-of ay 4942 Location, Rightof-vay shouldbe selected 5035 to minimize the possiblity of hazard fom are Industial or urban development or encroachment on the right-osvay 4343.2 Construction Requirements. Inconvenience tothe landovener shouldbe 2 minim ane safety of the public shall be given prime consideration, (a) Alblstng salle in accordance with governing ‘gulatons and shall be pecformed by competent and {ualifed personnel, and performed #0 88 fo provide ‘dequste protection tothe general public livestock: wildlife buildings; telephone, telegraph, and power nes underground stractares and any ther property in the proximity ofthe blasting (In grading the right-of-way, every elt shall be ‘made to minimize damage to the land and preveat stormal dainageand eesve conditions Theland isto berestoredtoas neatly orgial colton ass racial. (@ In constructing pipeline crossings of railroads, igh, steams, lakes, rivers, ete salty preston suchas signs lights, guard rally ete, shall emaintined Inthe interest of publesaety Thecresings shalleomply ‘with the apliabe rules, regulations, and reste of regulatory bodies having jrsdction 43433 Survey and Staking or Marking. “The rote shallbesurveyed and staked: and such staking or mark Ing should be maintained daring construction, except route of pipalineolfshowe shall be surveyed sod the pipeline’ shall be properly located within the FightoFway by maintaining survey route markers oF by surveying ding constuction. 434 Handling, Hauling, Stinging, and Storing ‘Car shall be exercised in the handing or toring of pipe, casing coating materials valves tings another inate fo prevet damage. Transportation by truce Sr other ond vehicles rier, and mine vessels shall be peeformed in sucha manner a8 void damage to the pipe and any pre-appied coatings Transporation ‘of line pipe shall conform to the requirements of “APIRP SLW and APIRP SLI, as applinbe- Inthe event pipes yard coated or mil coated adequate precstions Sh be taken fo prevent damage tothe conting when Inuling. iting, and placing onthe right-of-way Pipe sll aot be alowed to drop and strike objects that il Aistort, dent fate, gouge, or notch the pipe or damage he cating but shal belied or lower by sue tod ele chipment ‘4345 Damage to Fabricated tems and Pipe (q) Fabricated tems such as scraper taps, anol, ‘volume chambers, et, hall be inspected before ass bly into the mailine or manoling and defects shall be repaled in aceordance with provision of the sta dard or specication apple to thle manulactare.