BBK 36.84 JI 86 YOK (664.143 / 149 + 664.68 + 663.91) .002(75) Penaxtop HM. H. Kobuuxooa Peuenseut si: Kpachospcxmi TexHonormueckuii TexHMKYM nMIeROM npoMBtuI- aennoctn (npenogaatens 3. K. Bopo6sesa), uwx. HB. Tepacumona Jlyppe H.C. J186 = Texnonornsa KoHAMTepcKOro NpoHsBO_cTBa. — M.: Arponpom- wagat, 1992.— 399 c.: ma. (YueOuuxu uw yue6. noco6ua aaa yuaulxca TEXHHKYMOB). ISBN 5 — 10 — 001443 — 1 Vanoxkenu cocras 1 ceojictsa Cbipes 1 BcrloMorareabHDIx Mateprasos. TIprt- BeAeHbI TpeOoBaHHa K KaYeCTBY KOHGHTEpPCKHX H3TenHi. OnMcaHO npoHsBOACTBO KapaMesu, Mpvca, KOHCeT, WIOKONIaa, MAapMevaja, NACTHI, [PAK MW XATBBI. Tipuregenbi pacuer peuentyp 1 yyer cbipps. Tas yaamaxca TextumyMon, O6yualolMxcs 10 crenMasbHocTH “XxeoneKap- HOe, MakaponHoe 4 KOHMTEpCKCE MpOHsBOACTBO". 4001050000 — 056 03501) 292 213-92 BBK 36.84 ISBN 5 — 10 — 001443 —1 © U.C. Jypse, 1992BBEQEHKE 'K KonamrepcKum HajenHiM OTHOcaT nMueBbIe nponyKrs! c GonbumMM conep»KaHuem caxapa. Onn OOxanaror BbICOKOK MMMeHOI YEHHOCTMO, XopOMel yeHoseMOCTHIO, NpHsT- HbIM APOM2TOM Hf BKYCOM. OTH HaZENMA XaPAkTepHIYIOTCH NPHBNCKATCHILHDIM BUCUNEHM BUM. YkKa3aHHbIe CBOHCTBA NPHCYLLM KOHAHTEPCKHM H3AeIMIM Garoyaps NPMMeHeHHIO AUK UX MPOWSBONCTEA MHOTHX PasHOOGPAsHEIX BOB BbICOKOKAUECTBEHHOTO THUIeBOTO ChIpsst, KOTOPOE B IpoNecce nepepaGorKH NOABEPrAIOT PAIIMYHBIM MEXAHHYECKHM WF Tep- MusueckiM cm0cobam obpaSorKuy {B xavectse Cpipsa pH MATOTOWIeHHM KOHANTEPCKHX USNC HCHOABSyIOT, KPoMe CAaXapa, KPAXMABHYW MATOKY, MER, PALIMUEBIe CpyKTONbIe 3ATOTOBKH (MOpe, HOMBAp- KM, MpHtiacbi), PAsIMUNbIe BHAI MYKH, KPAXMa.1, MONOKO, MONOWHBIE NPOAYKTBL, sina, 2KUPBI, KAKAO-NPOAYKTHI, OPEXOBME IPA, KOE, MMULEBLIE KHICIOTE!, ApOMATUSHPYIONLKE. Reulectea, crysmecpasonatemi 4 p.j 7 OcHoBHas MACCa KOWIMTEPCKHX H3ENHi MMeeT [UINTEIbHbIE CPOKH XpaHeHHs H XO- pouyio rpancnopraGensHocrs| Mo soi MpwUMe HB CBS C BBICOKOI SHepreTHUECKOIt RewHOCTHIO, KPOME TOHCeMHEBHOTO HCHOABSOBANHA, KOHAMTEPCKHE_W3NCNMS Haul LH POKOe MPHMeHeHFe B IKCHEAMUMSX, TYPHCTCKHX MOXoNAX HT. 1/Duepremmueckas WeH- HocT KOHsMTepCKHX H3yenHi B pacveTe Ha 100 r nponyxTa KoneGuercs oT 1200 (map- Mexag) 10 2300 (woKonan) KJUxj KKonurrepcxue uanenia nloxpasreamor na gue ocriosnsie rpynmsi: caxapubie uw Myu- Hue. B KaKAY!O H3 OTHX FPYTIN BXO/MT HECKONBKO BHAOB H3esIMit. K caxaptbim H3qCsIH- SM OTHOCAT KAPAMe.Tb, KOMDETHI, HOKOAA, KAKAO-NOPOUIOK, HPHC, APAKE, XanBy, Map- Menay, nacTHy, K MYSHIM —- NeyeHbe, rajetbl, Kpexep (cyxoe nevenne), Badan, Hps- HMKM, KEKCHI, PYsteTsI, TOPTH! Ht MMpORKTIBIES Konaurepcxas mpoxykuus 8 xatue# crpane suipabatmmaerca 8 oNeHb WMpoKOM ac- CopruMeHte, YHHHiLMpOBAHHbse PeLeNTypbI NIpPeAYCMaTPHBAIOT MHONO COTeH PaaTHHADLX HaMMeHonauitit KonAHTEpCKHX H3ne HIT. Hapsay ¢ KOHMHTepCKHMH H3ReMHAMH ObmeNOTpeSuTEACKOO HasHAYeHHA BHpaba- THIBAIOT HBNETHS CHEUMHAABHOTO HasHANeHHs: NeveGuMIE AN GoxbHBIX caxapHBIM juabe- TOM ¢ HCHOSOBANHEM saMeNMTese caxapa — KCMAMTa 1 cop6uTa, C AOSaBIeHIIEM MopcKoii Kanycrht — ucrouHHKa Koza w Ap. 11 Tip soipaGorKe umpoKoro ACcopraMeHTa npoxyKus: mpHMeHSOT COBepUIeHHO pas- Hble, THAUMTEMNO paanHuaOUMecs MEXTY COO! TexHONOTHHECKHE npoueccel. HanpH- Mep, TEXHOMOTHS KAPAMEMM COBCPINCHHO HE NOXOXKA HA TEXHOOTHIO MIeMeHDS H TIHPOK- HbIX, @ TEXHONOMMK XANBbI MIM MapMelaya, PASTHGHDIe MExTy COOH, He HMeIOT HHYEFO oSuero ¢ TeXHOOTHeH wWOKOsIATA. Sto COcroRTENCTHO SHAUHTEABHO yenoxuTeT Hayue- HE TEXHONOTHH XOHAMTEPCKOTO NPOHSBONCTBA, MPH KOTOPOM HAO YCBOMTh OCHOBEI Ta~ KMX MPOUCCCOB, KAK MEXAHMYECKOe TIEPEMEIIMBAHHE, HATPeBAHMe H OXTAKTeHHE, BbiTIA- DHRQHHe ¢ KPHCTAALTMSAMES, CrYRHeOOpAsoRAHHAe HT. 1. TKonawrepexue aiens HaBeCTHB! YenoBeUeCTBY C HesaramsTHBIX BpexeH. OcHOBHEM Cippet jis HX HsrorOMTeNHA B Te jaDKNe upeMend Goin Mex. B Nauseit crpane ye w AVL. cymectnouay KONMTEPCKHT: pANAUELIIA MPOMBICEA, {Bonumoe worse Ha YoKOpEHHE NPOMBBOTCTRA KONAHTEPCKHX HszeAHit 0KA3310 BOS HKHOBEHNE B Hatane XIX . B Hauer Crpave MpominIeHHOT NpOUsBOACTEA caxapayHs cpeknmi. OnsaKo npoHsnosicTBo Gbino KYCTApHbIM H OcyuLeCTBAATO”D # HEGUAMLHX “KOH- AMTEPCKHX", B KOYOPEIX POTORHIM EReHUb!, KONeTH, NBpOKHBIe, WCKONa HB HAT TOK 4 TI ‘@abprunoe usrorosnenne KoHUTEPCKHX HaneAMM crano parEMDereca, HAYMHAS C 50-x rogoR HpouLToro ReKa.'Jlo Oxra6psckort pesom0uHH MpoMsBOuCTBO KOHAHTEPCKHX MapeAKit KOHLeEHTPHpoBa- OCh TONBKO B KpymHbIx Topomax: Merep6ypre, Mockne, XappKose, Onecce. BombitHHCTBO MpeANpHsTH npHHaaIexaso HHOCTpaHHEIM upMas. Tlocae pesomounn KpymHBIe Mpex- MPHSTHS ObLIM HAUMOHAIMSMPOBAHDI, a MOCIE TPAxNAHCKO! BOMHbI BOCCTAHOBEHBI H pe- koncrpyupozansi. B KpynHbix ropogax 6biia mposenena cnenmanvsanna KOHAMTepCKHX ¢a6pnx. Morne npoueccet Ooim mexanmsuposanp,> TB nepon Benuxot Orevectsennot soitHbt sHaNMtenbHas YaCTb NpeaNpHsTHi KOH- AurepeKof mpoMeuuuiennocTH Gou1a_paspymena) Brspadorka KoMmMTepcKHX vaneAHit 8 1945 r. cocraswaa Bcero 27% wbipaGorkh 1940 r.iTocne womHnt woccranomneHme paspy- IeHHEIX NpenMpHATHH ULTO NapasuIenbHO C Mx peKONCTpyKuHel. OAHOBpEMeHHO B MpO- MBIIVIEHHOCTH BHEAPHINCb MIporpeccHBHoe OSopyOBAHHe H MOTOUHO-MexaHHsHpoBaHHBIe MH. BbuIO HOCTPOCHO MHOTO HOBBIX, OCHAILIGHHDIX TlepeOBOH TEXHUKOM KOHIMTEP- cxux dba6pux 8 Xadaposcke, Kaparanye, YeasGuncxe, Ceepanoscxe, Towcw, Epenane, Kuumnese, Busnmoce, Tannuane 1 xpyrux ropoqaxJ Bout nocrpoensi a nymenbt 3 SKCILTYATANMIO KPYMHeMINMe crenMaNHsHpOBAnHEIe PaGpHKH To NpouasorcTAY moKonana “Poccna » Kyi6suuese » “Yxpanna“ s CymcKoli oOnactu. Sto crpouTenbcrso H BBEAe- HMC B OKCILTyATAUMIO GombIIOTO KOAMUECTBA KOHAMTEPCKHX chaOpHK Ha BOCTOKe # WTe CIPAHbI MOSHOAWIO B SHAUUTENLHOK CreneHM COKPATHTS AOpoTOCTOsUIMe NepeBosKH KOH- AMTEDCKHX HEH H NPHOANIHTS Ux npoHaBOACTEO K MecTaM NoTpebnEHHs. Crpoutenpctso HoBbix dadpuk uo napastenbHo ¢ Gombuor peKouctpyKuner neit- houx. Ha npeanpustuax ycrananmBas Cosqaunbie K OTOMY BPeMcHH MexXaHHSH- POBAHHbIe NOTOUHbIE JMHMH AIA MPOMSBOACTBA KapaMesIM, KOHGeT, WOKOTA)HbIX MaCC, MapMevajla, MACTILIM, NeveHBs, NPRHMKOB, NUPOKHBIX THA “Ikrep* M Ap. ITH MUAH couinaaninal taiectitr: yiuainia-yeaiaia tacarciiy ciopesl a mponiooreecnuken: ‘Ha nporpecc » KonauTepcKom nponspogcrBe Gombuce BAHAHME OKa3asI0 cosnaHHe Bceco- JOSHOTO HayYHO-HCCHEAOBATeMBCKOTO MHCTHTYTA KOHAMTEpCKOH NpoMMULIeHHOCTA (BHH- VIKI1), B stor nepHog, Ha OcHOBe AOCTIDKCHMMA HayKH M HIDKeHepHO! MeIcaM, npeTepne- JA SHAUMTEABHBIE M3MCHEHUS TeXHOAOFHa NPOMSKOACTRA MHOTMX BHOR KOH/MTEPCKHX waneanii. Bur paspa6orad # BHERpeH pa Mporpeccusrnm noTOwHEIX Npoueccos: NpHtTO- TOMIEHHe KapaMesIbHOTO CHpona, HeMpepbiBHeIii saMec caxapHoro TecTa, HeMpepbiBHblit Mpouecc COMBAHHA MACTHJIbIbIX MACC NOX H36bITOUHBIM TABNeHHEM 1 Jy Takum 06pa30M, OCHOBHBIE MPOUeCCH HSTOTOBEHKA KOHAMTEPCKHX HaNeAHi Cou vamgnensi Ha Gage camoit nepeyoBolt TexHHKH 1 TeXHOTOUH. Ola KOHTPOA NpOHSBOACTBA Got paspaboraner HombIe Gone Suicrpuie M TOMBE MeTOMbI aHamv3a. BMecTO KnaCCHYeCKHX XHMMYECKMX METOJOB HAUVIM LuMpoKOe TIpHMe- “HetiMe Hopbie MeTOALI Ha OCHOBe MIMEPEHHA paATHYAbIX GMaMYECKHX xXapakTepHCTHK: pedbpaxromerpis, nloaspHMerpys, (PoTooMeKTpOKAOPMMETPHS HT. TL, ¢ 9TO MOABOLTO OBICTPHIMH TeMNaMM YeeHUMTs BLIpAbOTKY KOHMTEpCKUX HaAe- AM, 3HAYHTCADHO MOBbICHT NPOMSBORMTEMDHOCTS TPY/a, YAYUUMTb ACCOpTMMEHT H pes- KO NOBBICHTb KaYeCTBOS B peaysisrare pexOHCTpyKUMH M pacWIMpeHHs geficrEyIOMAX KOHAMTepCKHX dabpux H CTpOMTeWCTBA HOBBIX NpeANpHATHH cpeqHEroAOBAs MOULMOCTe CabpHKu Bospocia ¢ 7,5 tac. TB 1940 r. yo 22 TIC. TB 1985 r. Tlapasienbro ysesmuennio MOUWOCTH OTACAbHbIX NpeANpHATHit, pocry OGulero OGEe- Ma TIPOHSBONCTBA KOHJMTepCKMX H3NETHIi CrPeEMHTEABHO MOBbILIAICH TAKOM BaKHEMUMH noKagaTesb, Kak TOROBOe MoTpeGeHHe KOHMMTEPCKHX HETeAHI Ha AyWY Hacenenns. Ha- XX€ IIPHBEACHbI HEKOTOPBIE JAHHBIC, NOKASIBALOULME NMHAMHKY MpOLIeccos. Toa 1940 1960 1970 1980 1985 O6vem mponsuorctaa, MH T 0.8 1,75 2,9 3,9 4,3 Tlorpe6senne KoHnMTepcKUx 41 81 11,9 13,9 15,6 uayeauit Ha AyuLy HaceneHHtA, Kr 7 Poct mponasogcrsa KOMMTEPCKHX HsAeMHit JONKCH CONPOBOKAATECK SHANMTEAbIRLIM TowbimieHIMeM KANeCTBA H COBEpULeHCTHOBAHHA ACCOPTHMEHTA.1 Tnasa OCHOBHOE M AOMONMHMTENbHOE CbIPbE VW MATEPHASIbE 1.1. CAXAP WH CAXAPHCTBIE BELIECTBA Caxap. Caxap aB1aeTCH OCHOBHBIM BHJOM CHIPpba B KOHJMTEpCKOit mpoMpunenHocTH.) Ero Hcnorb3ylor B MpOMsBOXCTBe KapaMesM, KOH- der, woxkonaqa, MapMenaga, nacTHIB, apaxe, MeveHbs, MpaHUKOB, TOPTOB, MHPOXKHHIX HM APYTHX BHOB KOHMNMTEPCKAX M3qeIHH. B TaKwx m3qe1Max, kak KapaMeyb, MOMaqHbIe KOHdeTH, caxapHbie copra apaxe, 6e3e, 10a Caxapa B CyxXOM BeMIeCTBe MpowyKTa cocTaB- aser 80--95%. B moKonage, MHorux BHaax KOHcpeT — OKO 50%, a B MYYHBIX KOHJHTCPCKHX H3QCHAX — 3HAUHMTEJIBHO MCHDbIIC, HO B OT~ AeNbHEIX BUaX FOxo"UT JO 30, a uHOrma u Ao 40%. TIPOMBILUJICHHOCTH BBIMYCKaIOT 1Ba OCHOBHBIX BHA Caxapa: Caxap- mecOoK caxap-padunagy fCaxap-necox npeactasaser co6oii chiny unit cyxoii npogyKr, 6e3 KOM- KOB, ClaqKOTO BKYCa, COCTOSMIMH 13 OAHOPOAHEIX KpucTasoB. Ero noa~ pasqersioT Ha Ba THA: TOproBbIit W TAK NpPOMbILUIeEHHOM mepepa6oTKH. Caxap-padbwHagd mpegcrapaser coOoii HOnOAHHMTeAbHO OUMMICHHBI (padbunuposanHnii) caxap. Ero BaiyckaioT Tpex BHAOB: padHHApoBaHn- Hbiii Caxap-MeCOK, KYCKOBOH MTOM M MpeccoBaHHbilt HW CaxapHad nyApa (u3MeAbueHHbIe KPACTAUIELY. FK caxapy npea»aprsmor cneayiomme TpeGosanua: Bkyc cnaqkuit Ges NOCTOPOHHHX MPHBKYCOB M 3aMaXOB, PACTBOPMMOCTb B BOE NOAHAS, pacTBop qom2KeH 6bITh NpospauHbiM, 6e3 KakHx-1M60 HepacTBOpHMBIX mpwmeceii. User naa caxapa-mecxa Genmit c 6neckom, a ana caxapa- padunaga — Geant uncreiii 6e3 naren, AoMycKaerca B pacrBope rovly~ Gosariiit orrenox. L[perHOcTh pacrRopon caxapa-necka onpeqemsior O6beKTHBHBIM MeTOQOM Ha CneuHambHOM mpHGope mM He JOm%KHAa mpeBLI- mats | yeu. en; Hat Caxapa, MCNOMbSyeMOTO AWIa NPOMBILLAeHHOH Te~ pepaGorku, yomycKkaetca qo 1,8 yer. eg. Kpucranmm caxapa-necka HOWKHBI MMeTb pasMepsi oT 0,2 go 2,5 MM, OAHOpomHoro crpoeHHs, ¢ CHO BbIPAXKCHHBIMH TPAaHAMM, CbINYYAMH HCJIMMIKMMH, 6e3 KOMKOB) Cyxoe BemlecTBo caxapa-MecKa JOMKHO COCTOSTh He MeHee 4eM Ha *99,75% w3 caxaposbl (414 npoMbBILeHHO nepepaborku WonycKaeTca no 99,55%), a cyxoe pemlecrso caxapa-padunaya — He MeHee 4eM Ha 99,9%, T.e. caxap-padunay npegctrapaser co6olt nowra “wHCTYyIO caxa~ PO3y, OSTOMY TOMYCKalOT MCHOTb3OBaTb CO B TEXHOXHMHYECKOM KOH~ Tpote BMeCTO XHMMUECKH YMCTOH CaxaposEI. oeCaxap-necok B OTaAMUHe OT YHCTOH CaxaposiI M3-3a comepxKaMMxct B HEM 30/1bHEIX BeIeCTB (MaccoBasd MOAT 30H He Gonee 0,03%) ume- eT He cnaGoKucay10 peak, a HeiTpanbHy!o HAM Jaxe craGomleno4- Hyl0. STO o6cTosTebCTBO CAe_yeT YYMTHBATh B MpOusBO_CTBE, Tak Kak pa3qMU¥HbIC NapTHH caxapa MOryT MMeTb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT peaK- UMM Cpenbl pasiMuHy!0 cnocobHOCTh K KHCHOTHOMY rMapomsy. Konu- yecTBo cepponpHMecet He JOAXKHO IpeBhaTb 3 Mr Ha | Kr MposyKTa. Tlpw oToM BenMuMHa OTAeMbHBIX YacrHu, cbeppompuMecedt He MOAKHA npesamatb 0,3 MM B HanOoubUIeM AMHelHOM pasMepe. , Ceipbem aia MpOMSBOACTBA CaXapa-MecKa ABASETCH CaxXapHad CBEK- Ja (cTpaHbl C YMepCHHBIM KJIMMATOM) HM CaxapHblit TpoOCcTHUK (CTpaHbl C TPOmMYecKHM KMMaTOM). B Hale crpaHe OCHOBHYI0 Maccy caxapa MpOHu3BORAT M3 caxapHoi cBeKbI. TopapHBe m TexHONOTHM4eCKHe CBOII- CTBa Caxapa, MOMYYCHHOTO H3 Pa3HbIX BHAOB ChIpba, NpaKTHUeCCKH He pa3amuaorcs,, Caxap-mecok M caxap-padbuHag CaeayeT xpaHTb B CKmaqax, me OTHOCHTCJIbHad BAAKHOCTh BOSAYXa JOJKHA 6nITb Ha YPOBHE HHXHHX paqos wra6ens ana caxapa-necka He Bie 70%, a aia caxapa-padu- Haga He Bae 80%. Tipu xpanenmm caxapa-mecka B CM0Ccax OTHOCH- TEAbHAA BAKHOCTS BOILyXa HE MOKA Npessuuar 60%. Caxap cnio- co6eH BOCIpHHUMaT MOCTOpOHHHe 3afaxH, NOSTOMY efO Hesb3s Xxpa- HUTb BMCCTE C ChIPbCM, HMCIOUIMM CWIbHBIM 3amax. Uncrptit caxap CPaBHHTCbHO MaJIO FHrpOCKONHYCH, HO BXOAdWad B CPO COCTaB NpH- MeCh peaYUMpy!ouyMX caxapos OG1aqaeT BEICOKO THTPOCKOMMUYHOCTHIO ¥ cloco6crByeT NOrMOMeHMIO CaXapOM BNATH M3 BOSIYXa. B wamei crpaie caxap-necok nozyuaior crenyiomum o6pa3o. Csekaa mocrynaer B MpowsBOJCTBO pH NOMoMM rHapaBMueCcKHx Tpancnoptepos. Ilo nyTH o#a YacTHUHO OUMMaeTCA OT TOCTOpOHHHX nipumecett. OxonuaTenbHO ee OUKIaIOT B MOCUHOM OTAeneHMM. 3aTeM CBEKJIY H3MeMbUaIOT B TOHKYWO CrpyXky M MogaioT Ha Audpysnw (43- BaAcUeHHe Caxapa BOAOH). BMecte c caxapom B andy3HOHHBIM CoK me- PeXOAAT MHOTHe paCTBOPHMHIe B BOE BeUIECTBA, MOITOMy COK HMeeT TeMHB UBeT, CoK OUMMIaIOT B HECKOBKO Cragmit:. mecbeKauua (o6pa- 6oTka H3BECTKOBLIM MOJOKOM), MpH KOTOpoH KOarysMpyloT M OCcaxKTa- Orca MHOrMe MpHMecu; carypayna (O6paborka AHOKCHOM yrepona), pM KOTOpol u36HTOUHAT USBECTh yHaNACTCA B BHC MCAKOKpHCTasTH- weckoro Kap6oHaTa KambuMsa, Ha MOBepxHOCTH KoTOporo aacop6upyior- ca He yianMeummeca np qud ~~ x \ 4 6 789 0 H 12 Puc. 1.1. Cxema 6ecTapHoro TpaHcnopTHpoBaHMs, IpHeMKH 1M xpaHeHiia caxapa-necKka Tipu mpouspogcrse caxapa-necka moxyyawT B BUe OTXOMa TEMHBIit cupom-Menaccy (KopMoBaa maToKa). Ee vcnomb3y10T KaK CbIpbe B Mpo- V3BOACTBE CHMpTa, AMMOHHOM KHCAOTHI, Apoxxel u Ap. B KonquTep- KOM MpowsBosCTBe Meaaccy He NpHMeHsOT. Pia KoHgMTepcKHe cabpuKM Caxap-MecoK MocTynaeT ABYMS CrOCO- 6amu: B Tape (MemIKax) wim GecrapHo (8 cheuMabHbIX BaTOHaX, KOH- TeiHepax wim apromo6vaax). Caxap-necok xpaHsaT TaK%Ke ABYMA CrIO- co6amu: B Tape (B MemmKax) WIM B CIelManbHEIX cKaqax, byHKepax aig 6ecrapHoro xpaHeHus, {K caxapy, npequasHayenHomy aaa GecrapHoro xpaneHus, npeADaB- AMIOTCH CHELMANbHBIC JONOABHTEADHWe TpeOOBAHMA: BIAXKHOCTh JOMDK- Ha 6nITs B Mpenenax 0,02—0,04%. Ha mpaxruxe BosMoxxo GectapHoe xpaneHMe caxapa-necka, noctynaiomero B MewiKax. [pu stom nepeq NOCTYII€HHeM Ha XpaHeHHe ero npoceuBalor HM NOACyWIMBAIQT Ha puc. 1.1 mpusegena cxema GecrapHoro TpaHcnopruposaHusa H 6ecrapHoro xpaneHus caxapa-necka. ITpu 6ecrapom Tpaxcnopruposa- HMM CaXap-necoK MoctynaeT Ha KOHAMTEpcKHe (aGpHKH B aBTOCAXapo- pose 2, B3BemmMBaeTca Ha Becax / M CcbiNlaeTca B 3arny6neHHE 6yH- xep 3. U3 storo 6yuKepa caxap-necok muexamu 5 1 Hopueit 4 nogaeT- ca B cuocnt 6. Ws cuocos caxap-mecok wiHekamu 7 ¥ 8 noqaeTca B IOHEKOBHI nuTaTenb 10, Kya BCHTHAATOPOM 9 3aCaCbIBACTCA BOSAYX. Caxap-necox, cMemaHHblii ¢ BO3AyXOM, TpaHCnopTupyeTca TO THeBMO- caxaponposogy // » WHK1OH-pasrpysuTenb 13. 3qecb caxap-mecoK oT- Wensetca oT BO3LyXa HM WHEKOM As BhITpy3kH /2 no_aeTCA B MpoH3- BOJCTBO. Oro cxemoit npeaycmorpena nogaya caxapa-necka, KMeLOWero He- o6xogumnie aia GecrapHoro xpaHeHus KoH_HUMH, 6e3 JONOTHMTETbHOK nogcymku. K mecram norpe6aewusa ero TpaHcnopTupyioT NHeBMaTHue- CKHMH YCTpOHCTBaMM WIM CMCTeEMOM MeXaHMYCCKMX npucnocobeHHit (TpaHcnoptepbl, KOBLIOBbIe 9IeBATOPbI, LIHCKH). iMepen moqayueli B MPOH3BOXCTBO Caxap-MeCOK NPOCeHBAIOT Yepes CH- TO. Tipu MCHOJb30BaHHH CLO AVIA MPMTOTOBICHKA CHPONOB CHTA OJOKHbE 6nITh C oTBepcruamu He Gomee 5 MM, 4 IPH HCNOAb3OBAHHH B CYXOM BHUJ, B TOM UMCHe HM AA M3NOTOBNeHMA CaxapHOl nyApE, — He Gonee 3 Raxoe TIPOCeMBAHMe HOMAKHO CONpOBORAATHCA ponycKaHMem caxa- Pa-necka Yepe3 MarHHTH 1.14 ynapaMBannsa cbepponpumeced. Marxnt- HBIC yaBAMBAaTCAM YCTAHABIMBAWT B TOKE DBWKYMETOcH Caxapa-necKa B MECTAX, K KOTOpbIM HMeeTCa CBOGOTHBI OCTyM {Cuipbem 218 KOHAMTEPCKOTO NpoMsBOACTBA MOryT OnITe M PacTBOpbI caxapa — Tak HaapiBacmplit “oKHaKuii caxap“. Ero BbimycKaioT Ha Ca- xapopatbuHaqHHx 3aBoqax CHenMabHO Aa NpoMblULIeHHOM mepepa- uw. Ceipbem cayxuT caxap-necox) Mcnonpsosanue “xHaKOrO caxa- pa“ uMeeT paq Npeumyuects. Hanpumep, Ha KOHAMTepCKUX pabpHKax HcKMOWAeTCA TPYAOSMKAS HW IHEPTOEMKAS ONepauust NpuToTOBACHNs caxapHbix cuponos.'Cogepxanne cyxHx BemecTB B “XxHIKOM caxape“ He HO%KHO mpepbmiaTh 64%, Tak Kak B 60s1ee KOHMeHTPHPOBAaHHBIX cHponaX MpH Ox1axKJeHHM MOFyT BbINalaTh KpHcrasiel caxapa. “Kyq- kui caxap“ 7ouKeH MMeTb HelitpanbHy cpeay (pH 6,8—7,2). Tlepea BBIMYCKOM C CaxXapHOro 3aBona “xkMAKM Caxap“ THIaTeAbHO cbuBTpy- wT H o6ecuBeunBawor TPH NOMOLIM CNCUHaNbHbIx agcop6enTos. Cyuye- CTBCHHKIM HeOCTaTKOM “OKMaKOTO Caxapa“ sBaaeTCA CORepKAaHHE B HEM 3Ha4HTCIbHOIO KOMHUYCCTBA BOLbI, KOTOPyH B Tpoilecce NponsBoOy- CTBa NPuxOqHTCa BHIapHBaTh,) Tio stow mpwunne B KOH/AMTepCKO NpoMBMMIeNHOCTH AyUMIe MC- TOb30BATb HE YHCTO CaxapHbili pacTBop, a CaxapouHBepTHBIii c pa3s- JMYHBM COACPKAHKEM PCAYUMPyIOWIMX BeMLeCTB. Taxne PpacTBOphI MO- TyT wMeTb Gonee BbICOKYIO KOHIeHTpauMio 6e3 OnaceHMA BbINaneHuA KPpMCTasOB Ccaxapa. Tipu usroroseHHu Apaxe, woKonaya, MHOTHX BHIOB MYYHEIX KOR- AMTePCKHX w3zemii, KOHGpeT xONO_HbIM cnoco6oM x T. a. HCNO-b3yIOT caxapHyo nyapy. ‘Ha Kowgurepcxux dbabpuKax caxapaylo nyapy mosyuator M3 caxa- Pa-necka. [Ina sToit uexM UIMpOKO CTamM MpHMeHATS MOMOTKOEBIC 6xICc- TPOXOJHEIE MCADHUIK C WapHHpPHO yKpeneHHbIMM MosoTKamu. V3- Me/IbYeHMe Caxapa-MeCKa NPOHCXOMT MIpH MHOTOKpAaTHEIXynapax GEIc- TPOABHXYMIeTOCH MONOTKAa, a TAKE Np yAapax YacrMy, caxapa-necka onHa O Apyry}0 M yuapos 0 cTeHKH MerDHMUE. Caxap-necoK, mpemHas- HaucHHbIii Wi pasMona B CaXapHY!O MYAPY, AOMKCH MMCTb BaXKHOCT ne Baume 0,14%. B pasHbix KOHAMTepCKMX NpOMSBOACTBAX MCMOAB3yIOT pasIMUHy!O mo Kpynwore roMona caxapHyo nyapy) Tak, 419 NpoMsBog_cTBAa WIOKO- Wawa M OcobeHHO KOHCbeT, USTOTOBAAEMBIX XOJOAHEIM CtOCOGoM, mpH- MCHSIOT MEAKY!O NYApy, a At NpOMSBOACTBA MYYHBIX KOHIMTepCKUX wanermi — Goree kpynnyio. 8 *Taroxo3a u @pyxro3a. B KoHAMTepCKOM MpOMBILIeHHOCTH MpHMe- HAIOT KPHCTAMIHYeCKYyO TMApATHY! TOKO3y, KOTOpPy!0 MHOT-a HaSbI- BalOT KyKyPy3HBIM caxapom. Ei coorsercrayer chopmysia C.H,,0,+H,0. Tuoxo3y Mcnompsylor B3aMeH Caxapa npH wSrOTORAeHE MHOFHX BYOB KOHAMTEPCKHX usqerMit (OKOAaT, KOHdeTH, MYYHBIC KOHAH- TEpCKMe M3ACIMS M p.). Tyoxo3a WMpoKo pacnpocrpaHeHa B-MpHpoye B HaTYpabHOM BHC. Ona conepxUTcs B mo0Aax MHOTHX pacTeHHit, ocobeHHO MHOTO ce B BH- Horpage. OnHako nomyyaror ee HE M3 MIWOKOSOCORepxAMeTO CHPhA, a Kak MpowyKT rvgporm3a (ocaxapuBakua) KpaxMana. [na oro nem Han6onee WIMpOKO NpuMeHsIOT KyKypy3Hblt Kpaxmas. Takoe ocaxapuBaHMe BeAyT Yale BCeTO nyTeM HarpeBaHHs Kpax- MaJIbHOH = CYCIeH3HH B IIpHCyTCTBHH coONAHOM, a HHOra WH CepHoit kucnorH. TIpouecc uyer mp Temmepatype Brute 100°C B anToxnapax nox Jasnennem 150—300 xIa (1,5—3 arm). Haxoqur mpaxruyeckoe IIpHMeHCHMe NONyueHHe TMOKO3H C OCaXapMBaHMeM KPaxmana dep- MeHTaMH. Qtor cnoco6 mHorga KOMOMHMpytoT C KMCHOTHEIM. M3 n0- JY4CHHOrO KMCOTHHIM, ¢pepMeHTaTHBHEIM WIM KOMOMHMpOBaHHEIM. cmoco6oM rMapomMgaTa mocne ero OMHCTKH BEIKPHCTasIMsOBBIBAIOT TAHOKO3y. CaaqOcTs POKO3bI NO CpPaBHeEHMWO CO CAAMOCTbIO Caxaposbi COcTaB- aser 60%. Sro qaer BOsMOXKHOCTh PK MCNON3OBAHMM TOKO3HI T0- JIYYHTh KOHDMTCPCKHe M3ACIMa MCHbIICH ciagqocTn. Tanoxo3a pacTBo- paetca B BOE C NOMOMeHKemM Tena. Tlosromy Tp HCNOb30BaHHK WaqenMi, comepkamMx rOKOsy, OllymaeTca “xono_amui BKyc. STO Tipwgaer usyetuaM oco6pe norpeOuTenbcKMe KauecTBa. K nocrynatomeit B npovsBO_CTBO KPACTaMYECKON rmoKO3e Npeyb- sBrsoTcs creayroue Tpe6oBanua. [lo BHeMHeMy BHAY r0KO3a ZO7- 2XHa Hpescrapasrs coboit Gerbit KpucTammMuecKHit MOpOMIOK, cAayKOTO 6e3 NocTOpoHHero NpuBkyca BKyca, CO CBOMCTBEHHBIM rloKO3e 3ana- xom 6e3 mocroponHero. Maccosas Ona Bar He WOMKHA COCTAaBIATD 6onee 9%, 300n1 — 0,07, a xeneza — 0,003%. Pacrsop o6pasuos TAOKOSbI B BOZC RODKHBI HMeTb OMpewqeACHHOS 3HAYCHME WBCTHOCTH H mpospayHocTH. ror nNOKasaTewb KOHTPOAMpyWT doTooneKTpoKanopuT- Merpuyecku. Kpuctanib rii0Ko3bl He AOMKHBI ConepxKaTb CBOOOQHEIX MUHEPAJIBHBIX KHCJIOT H HX Pa3MePH HE AOJOKKM Tpesntutats 1,5 mM. Tp mpocese yepe3s mMetazmmueckoe cuTo ¢ orsepcruamu 1,5 MM HE NOWKHO Obie OCTaTKa Ha CUTE. Tawoxosy KpucramMueckyi0 HAO XpaHMTh B CYXHX, YHCTHIX 1 po- ReTpuBaeMEX CKMamax. MenIKM C TOKO3OM yKTaMbIBaoT Ha cTena- aX, NOKPbITHIX OpeseHTOM, MIM Apyroit TKaHBIO TAK, uTOGbI KpasMH MOXHO OpiJ10 3aKPHIT NO GoKaM NepsBHIt pax MewKOB. OrHocuTenbHad BJaXKHOCT BO3LYXa B CKae HE WOsKHa MpeBbwaTe 75%. @pykT03a HE ABAACTCH ChIPbeM BAL KOHMUTEPCKOTO NPOHSBONCTBA, Oguaxko ona BXOQUT B COCTaB MHOTMX KOHAMTepcKHX H3aqeH. Ee BBO- 9UST KaK COCTaBHYW YAaCTh ChIpbs (Me, (PPyKTOBO-sTOHEIC 3areTOBKH Ht Ap.) WIM Ona OOpasyerca M3 CaxaposBl B Mpouecce mpousBoACTEa. Caanocrs dpyxto3n B 1,5 pa3a mpespimaer Cnagocrh Caxaposbl. Temnepatypa miap1eHna ee Kpuctanmos 104°C, MpyKto3sa o4eHb rur- PockonHuHa, H 9TO CBOHCTBO OHa MepeaacT KOHKAMTEPCKHM H3qeMaM H nomya6puxaram, B KoTOpsIx cogepxutca. B TexHonormu KoHqUTEp- CKHX MIPOW3BOACTB CHeAYeT YUMTBIBATS CPABHHTENBHO MaJlyWO CTOMKOCTb ¢bpyxrosbi npw Harpesanum. Kucnoraocts cpeabt HMeeT Gorbuloe BIHA- Hue Ha 9TOT nponecc, mpu pH oKoxo 3 pyKtosa wanbonee ycroiunsa. C ysesmuennem pH npouece pasnoxenusa cppyKTo3b MpH HarpeRaHHU 3HAaYBTENbHO MHTeHCHENMpyercs. Wusepruem cupon. Ero vcnonp3ylor B KOHAMTeEpCKOM MpOHKsBOACTEC Kak 34MCHUTCJIb NATOKM B KAYCCTBE AHTAKPUCTALIMsaTOpa. Vnsepranit capon npencrasaser co6o BonHbI pacTBOp paBHHx KONMUYECTB MOKOSBI HK CbpyKTOSbI. Taky!0 CMECb Ha3bIBAIOT MHBEPTHBIM caxapom. VWnseprusiii capon npurorosasior, momBepraa BOMHDIi pacTBop ca- xapa HarpeBaHuio B KMCAOH cpene. TIpomecc wet mo ypaBHeHHto C,jH,,0,, +H, O= C,H,,0, + C,H),0, Caxaposa Boga T'moxosa @pyxrosa Moxexyaa aucaxapuga — caxapo3a NpH MpHcocaHHeHHM MONeKyAbI BOL DaeT ABE MONEKYWIhI MOHOCAXApHJOB: MOAeKYs1y POKO3BI MK _MO- wekyly pykrossl. Kucnora HarpesaHue KaTaiH3MpyWoT 3Ty peak- uno. Kax BHAHO H3 ypaBHCHHA peaKUHH, MACCa NOMYYCHHHIX B PaBHbIxX KOAMYECTBAX MIOKO3H H pyKTOSH Gore MaCCHI HCXOQHOM caxapo- sb, U3 342 Becopnix yacreit caxaposbt noryuaerca 360 Becoppix yac- Tel HOKO3BI K @pyKTO3Bl, T.e. Macca caxaposhi cocrasaser 0,95 (342/360) or cymmapHoit Maccbl o6pa3ylouIMxca TOKOSH HM cppyKTO- Shi. PasHble KACJOTSI 10-pasHOMY BO3qeHCTBYHOT Ha CKOPOCTh rHqpOmH- 3a caxaposbl. B npvcyTCTBHH CHIbHBIX KHCIOT (ComaHas, CepHaa) mpo- wecc wget ¢ Sonburet cKOpocTnio, a B MpHcytcTBAM cra6BIx KMCIOT (Mom04HOM, yKCyCHOH) ropa3yo MezseHHee. Caazoctb mHBepTHoro caxapa 110 CpaBHeHMHO C Caxaposoil CocTaBsta- er 120%. Wuseprupiit caxap xopomo pacrsopyM B Boge. C nospimenv- eM TeMMepaTypbI pacTBOpHMOCTS 3HaYHTeAbHO ysenHuMBaeTca. Tm0KO- 3a M cppykT03a O61aqaloT BHICOKON rurpocKkonwyHOCTENO. Tpu ux TOBBI- WEHHOM COAepAHMH MpoAyKT GeICTpo MpHCOeMMHACT BONY M3 BOSLyXAa H TepseT TOBApPHHt BHI. Dro cBOicTBO OrpaHMuMBacT MPHMCHCHHE HX B HEKOTOPBIX OTPaCIax KOHJMTePCKOTO MpOM3BOACTBA: KapaMeJbHOM, OTKPHITHX TOMATHHIX KOH(per, XaNBH, MapMeaya, NaCTHIbl HT. 1. 10Tipu warpesanuu uHBeprHElii Cupon mogBepraeTca pa3s0xKeHHIO C o6pa3onaHveM MpoyKTOB MoRHMIeHHOH LBeTHOCTH. OcobeHHO MATeH- CHBHO MCT STOT NPOLECC B WYeETOUHOM cpene. Tlaa noay4euua muBeprHoro cupona Ha KoHgMTepcKux cbabpuKkax nOABepralor TuApoMMsy CaxapHAIe pacTROpHI BBICOKOH KOHUeHTpaun (oxono 80%). Upouecc seayr mpx 80—90°C. Ucnonpsyior KoraI c MemIaKOM, OFOpyAOBaHHBIC 3MCEBMKOM, B KOTOPOM MOXET WWMPKYAMpO- BaTb TOPAYaT BOTA AAA NOUAepARAHMA HYXHOH TeMMCepaTypHI M XONOn- Had BOA JI OXTAKTCHHA. Ecam Mpowecc BeAYT B MPHCYTCTBHM CO/a- HOM KMCHOTH, ee BBOAST B BuTe 10%-Horo pacrBopa B KONMUECTBE oxono 3 1 Ha 1000 xr caxapa, usm 0,03% B nepecuete Ha xmopucrHit BOWOpO K Macce caxapa. Kucaory BBOQAT nedobOEMH NOpWHAMH Tp nepememmmpanun cupona. Yepes 20 — 30 mun cupon yonxen cogep- xatb 65—75% pemyuupyoumx semecrs, t.e. oKon0 90% caxaposnr Tuapomnsyerca. BeeqeHHy!0 KucaOTy HeiTpanusyloT 8%-HBIM pacTBo- poM ruqpokap6onata warpua. Ero BBogqsT c TaKMM pacueTOM, 4TOOBI Heiitpamus0BaTh 85—90% spexeHHow KucaoTE, HeOombuIMMH MOpus- MH, MCJJICHHO MOCTe OXaxKeCHHA CHpONa KW COMpOROKLaIWT HHTCHCHB- HIM MepeMemMBaHveM. STO HeOOxogUMO, uTOOH H36exKaTb 2axKe KpaT- KOBpeMeHHOrO MecTHOTO O6paz0BaHHA UeEIOUHOH Cpeabl. Dro no3sBossa- €T YMCHDIIHTb NOTEMHEHHE CHpOla KaK pe3yAbTaT pasioxKeHHA Mpo- AYKTOB THAPOAM3a CaxaposEl, OcoSeHHO dpyKTosb. Ecrm was ruaponH- 3a CAXapO3bI HCHOb3yIOT MOOUHY!O KHCIOTY, TO Mpowecc BeNyT, Ha- rpepad CHpon 40 KHMcHHa, B Teyenue 40—S50 uu. Kucaoty (40%- HOH KOHUCHTpauMM) BBOTAT B KOAMYeCTBC 4 1 Ha I T caxapa. THapo- kap6oHaT HaTpHsa peKOMeHAYyeTCA BBOAHTS HeOOMbIIMMH NOpuHAMH B Bue pacTBOpa MOcHe Oxaxg_eHHs Cupona (He BBIe 70°C). KauecrBo HHBEPTHOTO CHpona, MPHOTOBJICHHOTO C NIPHMCHEHHeM MOJOUHON KHC- AOTH, HWE, YEM Ka¥eCTBO CHpONa, NPHTOTOBJeHHOTO MpH HcMOb30Ba- HMM COMSHOM KMCIOTEI. Jlaxro3a. Jlaxto30ii Ha3bisator MomouHBI caxap. On coyepxuTcs B MOJIOKE BCEX MJICKONMTAIOWMX XKHBOTHDIX. B KOPOBbEM MOMOKE OH CO- crapaset 4—5%. To xumuueckoli crpyKrype akTO3a sBMeTCA BMCa- xapuyom. Eli coorsetcrsyer opmywia C,,H,,0.,. IIpu depmentaTus- HOM WIM KMCIOTHOM TMApomMse nakTOSa WaeT TaraKTO3y H PmOKOsy; ona O6nanaeT peayuupyioujed cnoco6xoctbo. Pexyumpyiomas cnocob- HOCTbh C€ 3HAUHTEIBHO HUE, YEM y THIOKOSEI MW pyKTossl. Jlakro3a KpucTanaMsyeTcsa B BHAe KPUcTarsorMgpata Cc OAHOM MomeKyJOi4 BOABI. Tipu temneparype 202°C ona naasntca, ¥TO 3HaYHTebHO MIpespiuaer Temnepatypy M1apteHust apyrax caxapos. CaayocTs 1aKTO3bI 0 cpaB- HeHMW C Caxapo30i cocraBser oKono 15%. PacrBopwMocTb WaKTOS3bI B BOXe 3HAYMTCAbHO HMOKe, 4em Caxaposbl. IIpu 20°C KonneHTpaya Ha- CBIIeHHOTO pacTBopa paBua Bcero 16%. C noppiueHuem Temmepatypbt PACTBOPHMOCTS YRCAMUMBAeTCH, HO 3HAYHTEAbHO MCHBIe, UeM y Caxa- MLposn. Mpu 70°C kowwentpauma HacbIuleHHONO pacrsopa cocTaBiseT 44%, a npn 80°C — scero 51%. TosapHyw AakTo3y (MonOUHEIT MuMeBOi Caxap) NOAyYaIOT 43 MO- SOUHOM CHIBOpOTKM B BHC KpHcrasoR pasmMepom or 50 zo 300 MKm. User xpucrasnos Genii, onnoponHpii. Bxyc m 3anax He MOJDKHEI UMCT COOTBETCTBEHHO MOCTOpOHHETO Bkyca H 3anaxa. CogepxKaHHe BO- AbI HE JONKHO NpesHMaTs 2,5%. Jlaxrosy XpaHsaT B YMCTBIX CyXHX XOPONIO MpOBeTpHBaeMBIX CKIa- wax up Temmepatype we seme 20°C m ornocuTenbHOi BraxKHOCTH Bosayxa He Bae 80%. [pa sax ycnosuax rapanTniinnlit cpox xpa- HHS OME TOT. B KOHAMTEPCKOM DPOH3BOUCTBE aKTO3Y MCNOMb3yIOT AA NOBHIIC- HU MMMCBON WeHHOCTH KOHAHTEPCKUX H3qeHit. Tlaroxa kpaxMaabHas. Ona sBAAeTCA OHMM M3 CCHOBHBIX BUZOB Chips! B KOHAHTEpcKOl NpoMpmiTeHHOCTHs Ee UcHOABsyIOT B IpousBOn- cTBe KapaMesm, KondbeT, KaIBH, MpHCa, Apaxe, NacTMAB, MapMenaqa W HEKOTOPHIX BUNOB MYUHEIX KOHAUTepCKHX Hazenuis Ona npuMenser- ca KaK aHTHKpucrasmmMaarop. Ilyrem BBeIeHHA €€ MOXHO H3MCHATD THIPOCKONMYHOCTS KOKAHTEPCKUX H3qeIMi M NoydabpuKaTos. (Kpaxmanpuasa naroka mpencrannser co6oit cnaaKnit, Ba3KHli, He- KpHcTanam3ywomluiica, mourn GecuseTHii cupon. [laroxy moryuaior HYTeM HenMOmHOTO THApOTM3a KyKypy3HOTO WIM KapTocbembHOTO Kpax- masa. TIuenmunbii, pucospiit “ apyrMe Buhl KpaxMaga HCnOMb3y10T 3HAUHTCIbHO pexe.! Twaporu3 npoussonatr pas6aBieHHRIMH pacTsopaMH MMHepasbHElXx kucnor (consHow, cepHow) wim depMentamu. KucnorHpit ragpom3 BeAYT Mp NOBRIMEHHOH TeMNepaType, YTO DOCTHTaeTCA MNpHMeHeHHeM us6BtTOUHOrO AaBacHHa. Hexoropsre BMaBI NaTOKM Nonyuair KoMOMHa- uel KUCHOTHOrO H cepMeHTaTHBHOTO ragzponusa. Tomyyennplit Kpax- MAJIbHBI THAPOAM3aT OUMMIAOT HM yBapMBaIOT HO KOHUCHTpauMM CyxHXx Bemecrs oxono 80%. Cyxe BemecTaa naTOKH COCTOAT H3 yIeBOROB (AeKCTPHHOB, M@JIbTO3bI H PAHOKO3BI). COOTHOMIEHHe ITHX COCTaBAAIO- . IMHX, TaK K€ KaK M CBOMCTBA MaTOKH (CMafOCTb, BASKOCTb H OP.), B SHAYMTENEHOM CTETICHH 3aBHCHT OT MpOXOA-KHTENbHOCTH HM MHTCHCHB- HOCTH Mpouecca rHyponMsa Kpaxmaaa. » Tlomapiit ranpomu3 KpaxmMana MOxXeT 6bITh npeqcTaBseH Cmeqyt0- UMM ypaBHeHWeM peakuan: (CH,,0,) n+ nH,0 anal n€.H,,0, : Kpaxman Boga T'ntoxosa Matoxy spipaGaTsiBaior pasiMy¥HOM cTeneHM OcaxapuMBaHua, T. ¢. mpouecc raaposmsa BeayT c pasnMuHo ry6unoli, Crenens miyOunl mpotecca xapakTepusyeT MaccoBad DONA pemyNMpyIOUMx BeUIECTB B noayyenxHolt naToxe. Yem ray6xe mpouecc ragpoausa, Tem Gombe B MaTOKe TOKOS3bI M MCHBIE AEKCTPHHOB H, CACTOBATENBHO, BBINIE Mac- 12copad Jona peayumpyloumx Bemecrs. Yem Gorbmre meKCTpHHoB cozep- XAT naTOKa, TEM BHUUIe €€ BasKOCTb, Ba3KOCTh MaTOKH MMeeT Gorb- IWO€ TEXHOJIOPHYECKOe 3HAUCHHe. Tipa BBCCHHM MaTOKH yBCIMUMBAcT- CA BS3KOCTh CHPONOB, YMeHBITaeTCH CKOPOCTh MX KPHCTAJLIM3aLIMH; TIpH BBEHeHHM ee B GoNBUIMX KONMYECTBAX KPHCTaMIMsaMA MOET BO- o6me He Ha6mogaTEca) Dro UcnomD3yeTCA MPH MpOHsBOACTBE Kapame- am, wpuca w apyrux HexpucrammmueckHx Macc, ABHCHMOCTH OT COOTHOUIEHHA OCHOBHEIX TpeX KOMMOHEHTOB MonyuawT maTOKy Cc pa3- AWYHBIMM CBOHCTBAMH M COOTBETCTBEHHO 10-pa3sHOMy e€ HCTION3y- B coorsercTBHu CO cTaHapToM naTOKy BbIpabaTMRaloT Tpex OCHOB- HBIX BHXOB C pa3nH¥UHOH CTeNeHbIO OCaXapHBaHMa: KapaMewbHad HM3- KoocaxapeHHaa (KH), kapamMesbHaa (K) m riOKo3Haa BHICOKOOCaXa- eHHaa (TB). IIpu stom kapaMeabHas naTOKa BHIMycKaeTca AByXx COp- Tos: BEIcIerO (KB) u mepsoro (KI)/ Tlatoky ¢ 6oAbUIMM coqepxaHHeM TeKCTPHHOB Ha3bIBaIOT HU3KOOCa- xapeHHow. Oxa cogepxur scero 30—33% peayunpyioumx Bemects (B nepecuete Ha cyxoe BeulecTBO), 43 KOTOpHIX Bcero 13—14% rawWKo3H. Tlaroxy C HECKOJIBKO MCHbIIMM COJepKAaHHEM JeEKCTPHHOB HM COOTBETCT- BeHHO C 667bIIHM COJEpKAHHEM THOKOSH HM Ma/IbTO3bl HASHBANOT Ka- pamerbHo. Ona WIMpoKO MCHOND3yeTCH B MpOMsBOUCTBe Kapamern, upHca, XanBbl. Takas MaTOKa B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT CopTa JOKHA cozep- wats 38—42% peayunpyiomMx BenjecTB As BBICHIeETO copTa H 34—44% aaa nepsoro copra. Cyxoe peilecrso Takoli maToKH cogep- xKUT OKO0 20% rmioKoss, oxor0 20% manprosb wu oKono 60% ae- KCTPHHOB, Munumasipxoe comepxaHHe ACKCTPHHOB HMCCT PVIKOKO3HaS BHICOKOOCaXapeHHas naroka. Maccosasa moma peaynupyiomnx BeuecTB B TaKOM MaTOKe 3HaYHTeEAbHO BHIe HM DOKHa 6HITh 44—60%. Mato- ka, nomy¥aemas C HMcHOmb30BaHHeM (pepMeHToB, cOosepxKUT MeHbUIe TAHOKOSbI HM GombUIe MaAbTOSEI; MaCCOBAd HOA TOKOSbI B TAKOit maTO- Ke Bcero S—6%, a MansTosbt — oxono 45%. Nonydabpukatel 4 “3qe- AMA W3 TAKOH MaTOKM MeHee THTPOCKONMYHEI, UTO GraronpHaTHO BAMG- €T Ha CTOHKOCTb B XpaHCHMM M3lenMi, H3POTOBACHHBIX Cc ee BBEACHH- em ~~jTlaroxy MoxHo BbIpaGaTbIBaTb MC MaCcOBOM AONelt CyxXMX BeMIeCTS qo 94%. Oro cyxas naToxa. Ona umeeT TOT Ke XHMMYECKHN COCTaB KM Mpegcrasaser coGoit Gernii OveHb rHrpocKONMYHBI NOpomOK, NOITOMy ee ynaKOBbinaioT B repMeTHUHY!O Tap! Kpome maccosoiit nom peayuMpylomlMx BellecTB, KOTOpEie HOpMH- . pylOrca B Mepecuere Ha cyxoe BelecTEO, /Ka¥ecTBO NaTOKH OG6ycnoBAK- BaWOT CHeAYIOMME NOKAa3ATEMM: BKYC M 3allaX, KMCIOTHOCTD, 30/IbHOCTD, Temnepatypa KapaMenbHO npoObi, UBeTHOCTb, npospayHocTe. Baax- HOCTb NaTOKM He AOKHA NpesEMaTh 22%. O6sryHo ona HaXOmHTCA B Mpenenax 18—22%.) [lia Kowgutepckoro npowssogcrBa uMeeT 6onb- WMOe 3HaYCHHE KHCIOTHOCTD MaTOKH, TaK KaK NpH HarpepaHHu Caxapo- 13HaTOYHHX PACTBOPOB MPOHCXOAHT FHAPOHS caxapo3sbl TOA BIHAHHEM KUCION cpeqbl, cozqaBaeMOol 3a CUeT KHCOTHOCTH MaTOKH. Tlo KHCAOTHOCTH Ka¥eCTBO HaTOKH HOPMMpyIOT M KOHTPOAMpyIOT B aByX BapHaHTax: 10 THTpyeMOll KMCIOTHOCTH, KOTOpax AOAKHA GuITb pasmmuHO y KyKypy3HOK M KapTO*enbHO NaTOKM, MK HO MOKagaTem0 pH.Sror HOKasaTeNb OMPeWEIMIOT NOTEHLUMOMETPOM. + fO6nuHo natoKa cogepxut oKono 0,5% sonprix semecrs/ pa 9TOM, CCIK NOTOKY MPHPOTOBNAIM C MCNOMb3OBaHHEM COAAHOH KHCJI0- TH, a J19 ee HeliTpann3zaqnM npuMeusnu ruqpoKapboHaT HaTpHs, 6Onb- INY1O YACTh 307 COCTABASCT KAOPH HaTPHS, a CCIM ee TOTOBMIM C HC- nonbsonanvemM cepHot KutxoTH, a 2isa HeiTparu3auNA npMMeHsM KapOouat Kampunisa (mez), TO 30.12 B OCHOBHOM COCTOHT u3 cy7EpaTa Kalba. {Ha Koumrepckue cpa6puku natoKa nocrynaer B %eNesHONOpOKHEIK usicrepHax, pexe B Gouxax. IIpu cauBe w3 WMcTepH MaTOKy nogorpeRa~ OT Ais CHroxenua BasKocNM.) Jinx oTOH UeRM cneqMambHEIe WMCTepHET o6opyfoRaHs 3MeeBHKaMM, KOTOpHIe COeAMHeHH C MaponpoBozoM./Ha- TpeB NaTOKM OMKeH OxITh MHHMMAbHBIM, TaK_KaK TPH AHTeAbHOM HarpeBaHHM MOXET NoBbIWATeCA €€ UBeTHOCTS.|TlosBzcHMe OKpalcH- HBIX BemecTB Tem Gonee BepoaTHO, YeM BHUe B MaTOKe cOAepxKaHHe asoTHcTHXx coequHeHuit. Coyepxanve TakAx coequnennit Konebnetca or 0,05 n0 0,3% jf Ouen, BaXHO, UTOOH B Mpouecce pasorpesa NaTOKK M MPH XpaHeHMH He NOBbIMaTaC ce BaKHOCTS. PasxWxKeHHad ATOKA © conepxkaHvem cyxux BemecTB HHxe 70% MOxeT NOX BAMAHHOM apoxkxei, nonayawuMx 43 BO3Ayxa, No_Bepraytbcs SpoxexHuto. [Ipa STOMOHa NeRNTCH HM “yxoAUT“ 43 WMCTepR. \XpavsT natoky B CHeUManbHHX CTAaMOHApPHEK CTaBHBIX WHCTep- Hax — 6akax wm B Gouxax. ip xpanenun 6ouku ROMKHBE HaXOZHTb- ca B cknaye ¢ Temnepatypoit 12—14°C. Tlepey ncnoab30BaHHem B Dpo- H3BONCTBE MATOKY AS CHMKEHMA BASKOCTH MOOrpeBaIor AO 40—50°C H MpOUeXUBAWT Hepes CHTO C suelKaMM AHaMeTpoM He bonee 3 MM. TIpw 2aMTeNbHOM HM MHOFOKPaTHOM MOROrPCBE ATOKH BO3MOXKHO MOBBI- menwe ee upernocra. B caa3u ¢ 9THM CilemyeT MOgOrpeBaTh He BCIO xpaHsmyioca B emKocra/naToKy, a Mi HeGomDINylO ee YacTS, NOCTy- Tlaionly} Ha TN caiinod la Kpome kpaxmMaibHoit naTOKH, B NpOM3BOACTBE HEKOTOPHIX BHIOB KOHAMTepCKUX H3gemHit MpUMeHsIoT MambTosKyIO MaToKy. Ee nosyya- ¥OT NyTeM OCaxXapHBaHHs KPaXMA@JICOWCPKAMero Chips (3epHO KyKypy- 361) PepMeHTaMH AYMEHHOTO CONORA C MocnenyiouHM cubTPOBAHHeM HOMYYEHREIX THAPONMZATOB M UX yBapHBAaHUeM FO MaccoBolt AOMM Cy- KHX BeulecTs He MeHee 78%. ManprosHaa naToKa aBaseTca MpoqyK- TOM HenoAHOTO sepMeHTaTHBHOTO rHApoOnHga KpaxMana KyKypy3HOro sepHa. B pesysabrare Takoro rHAposM3a M3 KpaxMana B OCHOBHOM 06- Pa3yerca MambTo3a. Ee oa cocrapaser oKon0 65%, ROA AEKCTPHHOB Hi T1OKO3bI 3HAYMTCIIBHO MCHbilIc. 14Maxsrosuyio naToky, saTapeHHyio B AepeBaHHBIe WIM CTanbHBIC 60ukM, XpaHAT B MpOxAaqHOM MeCTe B YCTOBMAX, MpeqOxpaHsONAX GOUKH OT BOSACHCTBUA, COMHEUHEIX Ty4el HM aTMOcdepHBIx ocanKoB. B STHX YCIOBHAX CPOK XPaHCHHA NaTOKM TO 4 Mec, Maapro3Haa naToKa AOIXKHA YOOBICTBOPATS CJICHyOulMM rpe6opa- HHAM: BKYC cragknit COJOHOBaATHM MPHBKYCOM, 6e3 HOCTOPOHHHX 3a- maxoB; WBeT KOpHuneBnI; Maccopas ROMA CyxXHX BemlecTB He MeHee 78%, a pemyumpyiommux BemlecTB B MepecueTe Ha MabTO3y HM CyXxOe BemjecTBo — He menee 65%, pH ue nuxe 5,5; He JomycKaerca npucyT- cTBHe MeXAaHMUCCKHX mpumeceit, ‘Men. Hatyparpxpii meq mpeacrapaser co6oi cnagKoe cuponco6- pasHoe BenIecTRO, Nonyualomjeeca B pesyrbTaTe nepepaborKH NyeTaMH HeKTapa MeOHOCHEIX BeTOB. TaKoli Mey Ha3bIBalOT UBETOUHEIM. He- KOTOpOe KOAMYCCTBO Meza ToOnyualoT Mp TepepaGorke nuenamM cran- KHX BBIDeMCHHI Ha AMCTbAX M CTe6Aax pacteHuit. Takoli Mey Ha3sbiBa- oT naquesyim. Vnorga Mex nomyuairT B Buje ecTeCTBeHHOM cMeCH upeTOUHOTO H NaqMeROrO. Ero Ha3biBaloT CMemaHABM. L[perourbiit Mex MOXeT ObiITb MOHO(pAepHEIM HM NomMdrepHbMmM. TMepspii noryyaerca or c6opa nueiaMM HeKTapa NpewMyNIeCTBeHHO OT OAHOTO pacTeHHa-MeqO- HOCca: akalweBEilt, KunpelHEM, aMnoBE, a6noHeBLIK (cBeTALie copra) M BaCHIbKOBHIM, TPeUMMIHBM, MATHEI (TeMHBIe copra). Bropoii momy- yaeTca pH cOope HekTapa OT pa3HHIx pacTeHuit (cMemaHHEit). Ero HasblBaloT NO NYeAMHDIM nacT6MmaM: myroBoi, cTenHOH, necHO Hw TA ems McnosBsylor Mea B KayecTBe KOpMa. Men aBraeTCa LeHHBIM MpoAyKTOM nMTaHua 4 O6naqaeT 1eueOHO-npodmraKTHueCKHMH CBOI- cTBaMH. fO6r4H0 HaTypambHBIt Mex mpeacTaBiaeT coboH cuponoo6pasHBiit mponykt. Oguako np xpaHeHHH Mey KpHCTaaM3yeTCa, MPH 9TOM Ka- ueCTBO H THOICBas UCHHOCTb ero He CHHXawrTcs. TIpouecc KpHCTaJUIn- 3am HaWMHAacTCa C MOBEpXHOCTH, 3aTeM KPHCTa/H ONYcKaloTCA Ha ayo. Tlo Buay KpHCTanim3auMHM pa3ziMyaioT Me KpynHOsepHHCTHIi, MCJKO3EPHHCTbI w Canoo6pa3Hbii. TIpouecc KpuctasimsauHn Han6o- ae@€ WHTCHCHBHO npoxoguT npu Temneparype 13—14°C. IIpu 6onee BBICOKOH (27—32°C) KpHCTa/LIM3alHA MET 3HAYHTEHO MeWIeHHee, a mpu 40°C Kpxcrasmbl pacnaBssioTca, A Mey CraHOBUTCH cHponoobpa3- Hb. IIpm Temmepatype Hwxe 13°C mpomecc KpucrannuzauMM 3HauH- TCAbHO 3aMequseTca. ILIOTHOCTh Mea 3aBMCHT OT MaCCOBOH JOM BOB B HeM mM coctapaaeT 1410—1440 kr/m’,! “Aten W3BICKAIOT M3 COTOB WeHTpHbyrmpoBawHeM, a MHOrAa Mpecco- Bannen. } B KOHAMTepCKOM MpOM3BOACTBE Me] BXOQHT B pelentypy MYYHEX MBE, KOHGeT, HAYMHOK DI KapaMeIH, BOCTOUHBIX CanOcTel HM Ap. fK meny npempasasior caenyioume TpebopaHns: BKyc cnagKHi, npn- ATHE, 6e3 MOCTOPOHHMX MpPHBKYCOB, apoMaT ecTeCTBeHHEI npusaT- 15HBIM; MaCCOBad OA BOALI He BhIMe 21% (8 Meqe, mpeqHasHaveHHOM Ta MpoMbunienHow nepepa6orku, yo 25%); MaccoBas WO1a caxaposet He 6onee 7%, a pexyuupyromaMx caxapos He HUxe 79% (B nepecueTe Ha Cyxoe BellecTBO Mea); He nomycKaercst Mipucytcrsve MexaHMue- cKHX BpyMecelit ¥ npHsHaKos! 6poxeHHa } Y Mea xpaHar B UMCTBIX CYXHX CKaqaX, H3ONMPOBAaHHO OT MbLIAMAHx (Myka) “ wMeiommx cnenuduyeckuit 3anax npogyxtos. [omemenne HOUKHO GHTb 3AaNIMI[CHO OT MPOHMKHOBCHHA MYX, TYE, OC, MYPaBbeB ut.m. Men c maccosou gone Boab Menee 21% xpauar upa Temnepa- Type He BEme 20°C, a c maccosoit Aoneit Bone 6onee 21% — mpu Tem- nepatype He Brame 10°C, (Bouxu 4 (psu c MOM XpaHAT B Ba-TpH spyca HANMBHBIMH OT- BEPCTHAMH KBEpXy, a SWMKH B WTabenAx — BRCOTOM 0 2 M,) Hapaay c waTypaabinM MeqOM B Npogaxky nocrynaer npomyKT Noa Ha3Banuem “Mckyccrsenupit Men“. [na ero m3roToReHua MCTOsb3y- oT caxap. B mpomecce mpowssoucrsa pacrBop caxapa NoyBepraloT THI~ pomHsy, O6n4HO NMUeBBIMH KHcnoTaMH. B nony4eHHBI cupon BBOAAT apoMaTHyecKue BenyeCTBa — MeqoByto accenumo. Uuorga BBO_aT HeKO- TOpoe KOMMUECTBO HaTYpaAbHOTO Mera. 1.2, PPYKTOBO-SFOQHOE CbIPbE H MONYDABPHKATbI fopyxrn u ATONbI.) Vx HcnOmb3yIOT B NPOMBBOACTBE MOUTH BCEX BH- HOB KOBAHTCPCKHX w3qenit, Oro spaserca CACACTBHEM HX NPHATHOTO: BKyCa, TOHKOrO apoMaTa HM GombUOH NMULeBO; WeHHOCTH. Kpome Toro, MHorHe (ppyKThi HM sronbr OONayawT %*KenMpyioulelk CnOcObHOCTHIO, T. e. TIpH cooTBeTcTBylome OGpa6oTKe B MpHCyTCTBHM CaXapa M KMCAOTbI Rawr xereo6pasHy! (MapMesaqHyl0) Maccy. FRauaccuduuapytor pykTat B OCHOBHOM Mo Mx crpoeHHio. Pasnnua- TOT CEMCUKOBBIC, KOCTOUKOBBIE MIONbI HM aroaBI. Kpome Toro, K OTmesb- HOM rpyunme OTHOCAT UMTpycoBHIe cyOTrponMyecKHe H TpONMYeCKHe mI0- Te. ArowH wospasycasor Ha Tpw Tpymne: HacTosmMe sropE (cCMopo- auHa, KOKBa, BUHOrpag, 6pycHuKa U T. 1.); CIOKHBIE APOE, COCTOS- Me M3 MENKMX CpocmMMxca Mexiy COGOM OTIeNbHBIX TIOqMKOB, HaxXO- ASUMXCH Ha OAHOK MIOZOHOxKKE (MamMHa, exeBHKa). JlOoKHHE sTOAbL XapaKTEpH3YIOTCA COUHBIM, HOXHHM, paspocilMMca upeTonoxem. Ha ero MOBEPXHOCTH B BUTE MCIKHX 3CPHBIWCK HAXOQATCA DIOAMKK (3em- manuka, KtyGumka). CeMeuKOBMe MOAB COCTOST M3 KOXMIIBI, TLIOAO~ BO MSKOTH, IisTHrHesqOBO KaMepbi C CeMeHaMH. CreHku rHeaya 06- pasonaubi 43 NepramenTosugHoH OGono4uKH (a610KH, rpymin, alta, ps- 6una u 1. a.). Kocroukosple MAOMbI COCTOAT H3 KOXKHILbI, TOLOBOi Ma~ KOTH, KOCTOUKH —~ CeMeHH, NOKpHITOTO CKOpsynoit (aGpAKoc, cimMRa, BHA). K UATPYCOBbIM TL102aM OTHOCAT AaNCAbCHHE, IMMOHbI, MaHja~- punst uw 7.2. K cy6rponmueckum # TpomM4YecKHM miogam oTHOcaT 6a- HaHbl, HHOKHP Hi T. 16‘Bomumtncrao pykrop u sroq cogepxar Sonee 85% sogu. Sto o6ycroBNMBaeT MX HECTOMKOCTS NpH XpaHecHun. Bonbmad yactb Cyxoro BemjecTBa (6onee 90%) pykros w arog mpuxoguTcsajHa yriesonH. U3 YFAEBOAOB COCTOHT ONOpHad TKAH TIOZ0B; OHH sABAMIOTCA PesepBHEIM BeMICCTBOM, KOTOPOe YaCTHYHO HCNOTB3yYeTCA NPH AWXaHHM M APyrAx ¢pu3uonormuecknx mpoyeccax. Yrmiesoquy! YacTh CocTaBIaWT TeKTH- HOBHIe BEMeCTBa, Caxapa, KpaXMay H KseTUaTKA. Tlextunosie BenecTBa NpeACTaBAMOT Cobol BHICOKOMONCKYATpHBIC nommcaxapHab. OnH HaxogaTcA B cbpykTaX M ATOJaX B BME ABYX OC- HOBHBIX BeIeCTB — MpoTonekTuHa HM mekTHHa. OcHoBoii cTpyKTypHI TI€KTHHOBHIX BEICCTB ABIACTCA TanaKTypOHOBaA KHCIOTa. Ona OGpasy- eTCA NPH NOAHOM rH~poOmHse neKTHHa. B Hespeasix mogax mpeobsaga- eT CORCpRAaAHHeE MpPOTONCKTHHA —— HCpaCTBOPHMOTO B BOE BEMCCTBA C BEICOKOM MONeKyIapHO Maccoii. Ilo Mepe cospesaHus NOn0B. npoTo- TeKTHH Npespamaerca B mexTuH. [lekrHH pacTBopuM B Bose H CMOCO- 6eH o6pasoBbiBaTb crynHH. CryqHeoOpasyiomaa cnocoGHOcTh nmeKTHHa TWIO40B B 3HAYMTENbHOM CTeMeHU CBa3aHa C MX 3penOCcTHIO; HanGomb- mas — B mepHog ux cospesanus. [px nepespesanwm u HeOxaronpust- HbIX YCIOBMSX XPAHEHHA NCKTAH THAPOAMayeTCA H ero crymHeOOpasy- romas cnoco6HocTh nagaer..’ } OcHOBHEIMM npeaCTaBUTesMM caxapoB, comepxKaMUXca B pyKTAX WM ATOMAX, ABASIOTCH TIOKO3a, (pyKTo3a HM caxaposa. Caxapa B 3HauH- TeAbHOH cTeneHH OSYCOBIMBAIOT BKYCOBBIC HM MHIeBbIe JOCTOMHCTBA opyxros u arog. O6mee coyepxaHMe caxapos Kone6neTCa B MIMpOKHX npegenax (oT 0,5% B aMMonax 0 25% 8 sunorpage). ona caxapa B 3HaUMTENbHOM CTeMeHM 3aBMCHT OT yCnOBMit BHpallMBaHMA, CTeTICHH spexocrH, copra # 7.4. Cogepxanue rmoKo3bi M cppykTO3bi TOYTH BO BCCX MMOJaX 3HAYHTeABHO NpeBMMaeT ComepxanMe caxaposi. B HeKO- TOPHIX BHAaX MIO70B caxapo3a Boobule OTCyTCTByeT (BuHOrpay, Kpac- Has CMOpORMHa T.1,). TloBplueHHoe COnepxaHHe CaXaposbl HMCKOT a6puxocst M nepcuKn. Hapay c mekr#H0BHiMM BeuIecTBAaMH H caxapamw’ TIoqH COmepxKAT eule Takue yresogH, Kak KpaxMas M KmeTyaTka, KaeruaTKa napagy C MIPOTOMeCKTHHOM COCTABS€T OCHOBHYIO MaCCy KJICTOUHBIX CTCHOK. Kpaxman o6pasyetca B Mogax B NepHogk paHHero MX pasBUTHA HM OT- KylagpiBacTCa B KeTKax Kak pesepsHoe BemiecTso. Ilo Mepe co3peBa- | HHA KpaxMa NOABEpracTcaA rHApOAM3y MW NOUTH NMOMHOCTbIO NpeBpaiya- | eTCad_B Caxapa H OpraHHyecKHe KHCJOTHI. > fOpyKrH H srogbI cogepxKaT MHOrHe“OpranMueckHe KUCAOTEI. Kucao- TH MOTYT HaXOAHTbCI Kak B CBOGOKHOM COCTOSHMM, TaK MB BHC CO- mei. Maccosas noms Kucnor Kone6neTca B WIMpoKUXx mpenenax (oT 0,7% B HeKoTOpHrx coprax s6noK 0 8% » aumonax). Han6onpmec pacnpocrpaHenne HaxogaT s6n04Hasd, AMMOHHAa M BHHHad KucHOTH. B pyKrax, npouspacraroux B CeBEPHBIX paiionax, OObluHO Mpeobmaza- OT a6104HAT MW AMMOHHAS KMCAOTH, a B IOKHHIX — BMHHaS, OHaKO g 48s ft : AT Ne Te Ged 17 UM SHR MNES pRB PMOTEM: re eer ceUHTPyYCOBLI€ COMEPAAT MUI AMMOHHYIO KUCHOTY, B HEKOTOPBIX M102aX B HeOOMbUIMX KOAMUECTBAX COAepxaTca waBeneBad, SeHsz0HaM, caTu- uuoBad 4 Ap. Bex30iHad W CaTMUMORAS KMCIOTH WaxKe B HeGOMINNX KOMMUYECTBAX ABIAIOTCH XOPOWMMH KOHCeppaHTamH. Mx npycyTcTBue B Kmokse 4 GpycHuKe O6yCAOBAMBacT XOpOMIy!O COXpaHAeMOCTh OTHX siroy npu xpanenmn. Ip nospexzenun bpyKTop uM sTOo B HMX MOryT o6pasoBbiBaTbca MOAOUHAT HW yKCycHam KUCION “Qpyktsl H ATOM CONePKAT CPaBHUTEMbHO HeOOAbUIOe KOMMYECTBO A30THCTHX BenjecTB (GerKOBbIe COCAMHCHHA, AMMHOKMCHOTH, aMMybI 9THX KUCHOT HT. a.). [px nepepaborke cbpyKToB H arog asOTHCTHIC Be- WECTBA BCTYNAIOT B PeaKIMIO C CaxXapaMH, 4TO COMmpoBorkmaeTcA NOTEM- HeHMeM NomyYaemoro NporyKta. 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FTO BeuTEcTBO Gonee peaKUMOHHOCHOCOOHO, YeM AHTOUHAH;, SruM OObscHHeTCH HeOGXOIHMOCTS BRETeHHA MMOKOSK WIM TaTOKH pH yBapHBaHMM KpacHTe1A, MOAyYaeMOTO U3 BHHOrpaMHbIX BBOKHMOK HW MpUMeHSIEMOTO [VIA NOAKPacK KOBAMTEPCKHX M3nesHi.(B 3saBHicHMo- CTH OT KMCAOTHOCTH Cpeabl WIM KHCHOTHOCTH MO_KpammMBaemoro OfbeK- Ta AHTOWMaHbI MOryT H3MCHATh OKPAaCKy. O6nruHO comepxaHie aHTO- ware B naogax He npessnmaer 0,1%. OnHaKo B a sirowax, Kak onsogHast pxOuHA, HX CONepxaHMe B COKE OKOI0 3%.) Wiz cemeuxosnix TLIO20B Hanbomee MIMPOKO HCNOMb3yloTCa s60KH, KoTOpple B BHC MOpe HM NOMBAapOK MpewyCMOTpeHsI peulenrypamMH MHO- THX KOHAHTEPCKMX HazeNH. AGnouKOe MOpe ABIACTCA OCHOBHEIM BH- TOM CbIpbst B NpOMsBOACTBe NacrHnOMapMenagHHX usyemi. B arux TIPOMSBOUCTBAX HMCNOMbSYIOT MOpe C BEICOKOM crysHeoBpasyiomled cno- coGHocthw. 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Bxyc # 3anax npHnacos AOmKHDI ObITh ACHO BIPAXEHHBIE, CBOHCT- BEHHBI€ COOTBETCTBYIONIMM HaTypaibHBIM cpyKTaM uaM sronam, 6e3 NOCTOPOHHHX MpHBKycOB mM 3amaxoB. Bkyc ciaqkwii WIM KHCnO-cran- Kui, UBET, COOTBETCTBYIOUM AaHHOMY BuAy cbpyKToOs HAM ATOR. Tipwnacsi xpansat B 4MCTEIX, XOpOWIO BeHTHAMpyeMbIX CKaax np Temnepatype O—20°C x OTHOCHTeBHOM BAAaKHOCTH BOSYXa HE BbILIE 15%. TIpa setpa6orke KOHAMTEpCKMX M3qeTHi NpUNaChl MOxKHO 3aMcHHTb COOTBETCTBYIOWNMM BapeHbeM, dpykTaMM B Cupone M MOpe H3 CBEKHX STON, Ilykatbt. Onu npenctaprsior coboit miogH (WembIe HM HapesaHHBie DONbKaMH), CBAPeHHBIC B CaXaPHOM WIM CaxaponaTOUHOM CHpore M 3a- TEM MOACYWICHHBIC HW o6cpmnaHHBic MCJIKHM CaXapOM-II€CKOM HJIK Ila- 3MpoBaHHBe B CaxapHoM cupone. [lyKaTi noapa3qenmor 10 BAA m710- NOB, M3 KOTOPHIX OHM H3TOTOBAeHHI (a6puKOcHI, aliBa, rpyuia, MHxKUp, SeMCHBIC PPEUKHE OpeXH, WATPycoBbIc, AO0KH M T.y.). B KoHAUTep- CKOi MpoMBMeHHOCTH HawGonbUIce NPHMeHCHMe HANWIM UyKATH 43 ToAcTOKopHIx ap6y30B M Abb. IIpH 9TOM MoxKeT 6bITh HCNOMb3ZOBAHA Kopa Kak cBexKas, TAK M MpeBapuTebHO 3aconeHHas. Jaa H3roTOBe- HAS HEKOTOPbIX BHJOB UYKATOB MCNOMbSyIOT NAOT M3 BapeHbs. Tipu M3POTOBJICHHH HE JOMYCKACTCA BBCACHHe HCKYCCTBCHHBIX KpacnTeseit yum occcnumit. ; LUyxaret nogpasgemsior a copra: BHICIIM, HepBL uM 21d MpoMBM- JeHHoi nepepaborku, [yKars! nepBoro copra MOXHO M3FOTAaBIMBATb M3 CysbUTMPOBAHHOTO CEIppA. Tlo BHeEWIHeMy BHAY WYKaTH AOAXKHBI NpercTaBaTs Cobol WearbIe Mog wan ux yacTH. Oxnm qomKHB 6uiTh OFHOPOAHEI nO pasmepy dopme, Hecammmmmucsa. TMosepxnocth gomKHa Obits o6cbINaHa caxa- POM-NeCKOM HJM ria3MpoBaHa CaxapHbim CHponom. Ecru uyKaTpl mpey- Ha3HAYCHEI Aid NpOMbILLIeHHOM nepepaGoTkKH, TO AMHeHHBIe Hx pagMe- PbI AO72KHbI OpITh He McHee 35 MM B AnHHy u 15—20 mM B wupHHy. Macca oTe4bHEIX KyCO¥KOB He NO/KHa NpeBpulaTs 70 r. LlyKaTH He OsDXHbI MMeTh NpH3HaKOB MOpyn (neceHH 6poxeHua u T.11.), O6yc- AOBJCHHBIX %KU3HELEATEMBHOCTbIO MUKPOOPraHH3MOB. Bxyc noaxKeH OpiTh CnayKHit WIM KHCIO-craqKHi, CBOlCTBeHHBIT WaHHOMy BMY M0708 umm arog, 6e3 mocTopoHHero mpHBKyca. User — 61u3knii K ecrecrBeHHOit OKPacKe M0J0B H TOA, M3 KOTOPBIX M3POTOBAeHEI WyKaTpl. KoncucreHuMa J01%xHa 6bITh naoTHo. He z0- TYCKa€TCA HAAMYKE KOMKOB BBIKPHCTAsIM30BaBUICTOCS Caxapa. 25IlykaTer caenyet XpaHHTb B YHCTHIX, XOPOUIO BeHTHIHpyeMbIx ckmaqax np temnepatype 0—20°C 4 OTHOCHTeAbHOM BIax%KHOCTH BO3- ayxa He Brie 75%. Tinogpt u arogbi B cnupte. Hx npumensioT B MpOH3BONCTBE BBI- cumx coptos Koudet u Apaxe. [na KONCepsHpoBaHua & Cupre HC- Nonssyior crexyioume BAL pykKTOR MH aPON: abpuKOciil, BuHOrpan, BHWHIO, KIyYGHMKY, MaqMHy, CAmMBy, YepHyl0 cMopoguay u T. a. pa W3TOTOBACHHM COBCPMICHHO CBCKKE, WEMHe, TUATeMbHO OTCOpTUpoBAH- HBIC MAOXb H SINOAbI 3aMBAIOT CIIMPTOBO-CaxapHBIM PACTBOPOM C 110- caenyroulet cbacosxoli B GyTHLIM c repMeTHuecKow ykynopKol. Paspa- GoraHa TeXHOJOrHMd CHMproBaHMa (ppyKTOB M APO B KPYUHBIX €MKO- cTsx Ha myHKTax nepepaborKH c MoczenyiouHM GecrapHbim TpaHcnop- ‘THpoBaHHeM, Tinogn # arog B CNMpTe MoApasqersOT MO MX Ha3HAVeHMIO Ha Ba Bula: [VIA NpOMSBOACTBA Apaxe; WIA NpOMsBOsCTBa KOHerT. Bxyc # 3anax arog B CnMpre AO2KHbI OHITh CBOMCTBCHHE HCXODHEIM TLIOHaM M sPOHAaM C ApoMaTOM crMpra, 6e3 MOCcTOpOHHHX NpHBKyCOB ganaxos. Tnogbl 4 SrOXb 2OUKHEI ObITh LETbHEIMA, HE CMOPHICHHBIMH, OMHOPOAHOH OKpackH, CBOMCTBEHHOM WaHHOMY BHA. Xpansar RACAL WH ATOARI B CNHPTe B YHCTHIX CYXHX, XOPOLIO BCHTH- wMpyeMbIX CK1agax mpH Temnepatype O—18°C, Ges peskux KoneGaHHit TemMnepaTyPH, MPH OTHOCHTEIbHOM BNAXKHOCTH BOSAYXa HE BEC 75%. Tlpoaykt, mpurorosreHHblii 3 strOg C KOCTOUKOM (BHIUHa, CMBa, a6- PHKOc), Moxer ObITh HCTIOMb30BaH B CpOK He Gosee OmHOTO Toga. Takue ZaCMMpTOBAHHbIe sTOAH C GOoNbUIMM CPOKOM XpaHeHHa yonycKaeTca MpMMeHsTb NOcse NpOBEPKM OpraHaMM 3qpaBooxpaHeHHs. 7 Yisom. Tipeacragaser co6oi BHICyWeHHHe sromb BHHOrpaga. Tpo- HowxkuretbHOCTS cymiku 4—9 ane. [pn npuroroprcHMH HeKOTOpBIX copros 4310Ma BHHOrpay mepex cywko. obpapHBalor B KHMAUIeM 0,3—0,4%-HOM u3BecTKOBO-leOUHOM pacTRope c Mocneayioule mpo- MBIBKOM trou BOOM. Mnorna, KpoMe oO6BapHBaHHA, MPHMCHSIOT OKYPH- BaHMe AMOKCHIOM Ceppl. CyuiKy MpousBo_sT Ha COMHIe MAK Mpeqnoy- THTEMbHEE B TEHH. > 3uauTembHYyIO YaCTb BRICYINCHHOTO BAHOrpaya Mog_Bepraior oOpa- Gorke Ha CieuHambHBIX 3aBOMAX, Te ero OUNMIaIOT, COpTHpywT TO pa3sMecpaM, MpOMbIBalOT B BOJE Aid yaaeHHs TbUIM, NecKa MT. 1, a gaTem nogcyminpawr. Vsiom BiipabaTiBawT Tpex COPTOB: BBICUICTO, wepsoro u BTOporo. } Bkyc 4310Ma OUDKEH ObITh CaNKO-KMCABI, 6e3 MOCTOPOHHHX MpH- Bxycos. I[seT H310Ma 3aBMCHT OT BHJa HW AOUKeH GbITh OT CBETAO-3ee- HOTO JO YepHoro. Maccopasa HOM BiarH M31OMa B 3aBHCHMOCTHM OT BHYa He JOUKHA Mpespmats 17-19%, a qMoKcuya cepbl — 0,01%) 26en sion caeqyeT xpaHMTb B CKJIaqax, He 3apaKCHHBIX BpeAMTCJIAMH, mpu temmepatype 5—20°C um orHocuTenbHOi BIaKHOCTH BOsHyxXa He Gonee 70%.) TIpa MOgrOTOBKe K MpOMSBONCTBY H3IOM MONT, OUMIMAaIOT OT TLIOQ0- HOKCK, M€XAHHUCCKHX mpumeceit KM NOACYWIMBAIOT Ha CeTUATHIX PaMax npu remmepatype 75—80°C B Teuenne 40 mMuH nO MaccoBoii TOM BIa- ra 17—19%. {Kypara. Ona npegctasaser cool nonopMAKu cyureHbix a6pHKocoB 6e3 Kocrouek. B 3apncumoctn or cnoco6a o6pa6orku Kypary mogpa3sze- AMIOT: Ha Kypary pesanyio (pa3spesaior no GoposyKe Ha ABE OTAETbHBIC MONOBHHKM C yqaeHHeM KOCTOUKH) H Kypary pBaHy!o (paspsiBaloT Ha Be OTAEAbHBIC NOAOBMHKH C yoaneHHeM KocTouKH). O6a Bua ’MO2%KHO TIpH M3TOTOBJICHHH OKypHBaTD cepoit (oSpa6aTHBAaTh NHOKCHAOM Ccpbi). B mpouecce mpoussogcrsa Kypary nogBepraiwr yesuncexuun. Kypary, o6pa6oTaHHy0 AHOKCHAOM Cepbl, B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT KauecTBa MOZpa3- WensoT Ha TPM copTa: BHICIIMM, MepBEii HM BTOpOH, He Obpa6oTaH- HY!O — Ha Ba copra: nepsbiii H BTOpOH. Kypary MOXHO BbIpabaTHIBaTh He TOMbKO 43 aGpHKOCOB, HO H 43 MepcnKos. KnaccusHkauna ati Ky- paru Takas xe, Kak H Jia KyparH 43 abpHkocoB, ‘Tlo BHemmHeMy Buy HM cbopMe Kypara JOwxKHa MperctasrsTb coboik TIOOBAHKK aGPHKOCOB TIpaBHJIbHOM POpMbE (OKpyrnoi WM OBATbHO!). I[per J07%eH GbITh OAHOPOHBIM, OT CBETIO-KENTOO 10 CBETAO-KOpHU- Hesoro. Bkyc — cBoiicrseuHpiit a6pukocam, 6e3 MOCTOpoHHMX MpHBKy- COB MH 3amlaxOB, a KOHCHCTeHIMA — MSCKCTOI. Maccosas, OA Ba- Tu —He sume 20%, a auoxcuya cept 0,01%,/ ypary ciemyet XpaHHTh B CKaqax, He 3apaxKeHHBIX BPeqHTeETAMH, mpu Temmeparype 5—20°C m orHocMTeAbHOW BAaxKHOCTH BOsAyXa He pune 70%.) 7 Tlopowiok 43 a6104HEIX BLOKHMOK. Takoii MOpOWOK sB,LIeTCH Mpo- AYKTOM, KOTOpBITi H3POTOBAAWT 43 CBEKHX, HE HMCHOULHX NOCTOPOHHe- To 3anaxa SOOUHBIX BbDKMMOK. TakKHe BbDKHMKK oOsyuaioT B NpoHK3- BOACTBE HGO4HOTO COKa H3 AONOK, He NpoweAMMx OOpa6oTKy ANOXH- MuKaTaMH. A6OUHbIC BBDKHMKHM CyWaT B TYHHCAbHBIX CYMIMWIKaX, 13- MCJIbYaIOT MO MOponiKa c yacTHUaMH pasmepom He Gonee 1,5 MM A Tpocempaior. Tlopowox 43 s6104HbIX BLOXHMOK MpercraBsseT co6oi nopourkoo6- pasHbiit MpOAyKT CBeTAO-KOpHUHOTO UBeTA, OONATaIOUIMiT BEICOKOH rur- pockxonmuHoct. Tostomy ero dacyioT B MCIIKH M3 TepMOcBapHBae- MBIX MATEPHaT0B, KOTOPbIc ODKHbI ObITh repMeTHUeCKH 3aKDBITHI. Meurku C MOpomKOM ynakoBbiBaioT B cbanepHEle HAM KapTOHHbIe ANIH- Kw ua 6apabannl. Tio BHemHemy BHAy MOpomoK u3 ACTOYHEIX BLKHMOK MIpeACTaBAa- er co6oi nopomKoo6pasHylo OAHOpoAHy!0 Maccy. Bkyc M 3amax NOJLK- Hbt OnITS CBOHCTBEHHI MCXOgHOMY cbIppio. L[Ber or cBeT10-KpeMoBOrOWO cBeTN0-KopwuHesoro. Maccosas fons BrarM He AouKHa MpeBEUaTD 8%, a Maccopaa Wom caxapa gorxKHAa Obits He HUKE 25%. Xpansar nopowoKk 43 AGOYHHX BOKHMOK B CK1ayax Up TeMnepa- type 20—25°C u oTrHOCHTeNBHO BAaXKHOCTH BO3LyXa He BBE 75%. Cpok xpaHeHna mpv Takux ycnosuax 12 Mec co OHA BHIpAaboTKH. BakyyM-cycno BuHorpanHoe. BakyyM-cycio HCHOAb3y!OT B TIpOH3- BOACTBE KapaMenH, KOHeT, MapMenaya M ApyrHXx BHAOB KOHAMTepCKUXx uanenuit. Ero nomyuaior MyTeM BHIapHBaHASA B BaKYYM-BbINapHbIX yC- TAHOBKaX CBEXKETO WAM KOHCCPBUPOBAHHOTO CEPHUCTHIM aHTMApHAOM BuHOrpagHoro coxa. BakyyM-cycao sbipabaTHBalor AByX BHJOB: M3 ruOpuaHBIX COpToR BUHOrpaya H M3 eBporedicKux. Tlo BHemHeMy BHAY BaKyyM-cycno Mpenctapaser cobol BasKyW Maccy, B KOTOpOH He 1072KHO ONT MOCTOpOHHHX 4acTHy. BakyyM-cyc- HO AOMKHO CONepRaTS He MeHee 75% cyxwx BeMIeCTB, H3 KOTOPHX He MeHee 65% caxapos. TIp# usroros1eHma He fomyckaeTca CMemIMBAHKMa BakyyM-Cycma pa3HLIX TOHOB, HANDMMEP, BaKYYM-CyCAa, MpHTOTOBTeHHOTO M3 GembIx ¥ Kpacubix copTos BHHorpana. Leer gaa 6benoro BakyyM-cycna OT #H- TAPHO-3ON0THCTOTO BO WBeTa KpeMKOPO Yas, a AIA KpacHoro — Aony- cKaeTca KpacHpiit UBeT Pas IMYHbIX OTTCHKOB. Bxyc WM o3amaxX HE AOJIKHBI HMCTh MOCTOPOHHHX OTTCHKOB H MIpHro- pespix ToHOB. MoxeT 6biTb TOAbKO JerKHHi TOH KapaMeMMsOBaHHOrO Ca- xapa. KpoMe Toro HOPMMpyeTCA KMCAOTHOCTb, MIOTHOCTh M MaCcOBasd AONA cepHucTon KHCHOTHI, TSHOKCJIbIX MCTAJUIOB WH MbIUbAKA. BakyyM-cyC1O XpaHAT B CYXMX YMCTHIX, XOPOWIO BeHTHIMpyeMEIX! ckagax, npH temmepatype 10—20°C mu orHocurexbHo BAaxKHOCTU Bosayxa He BEme 75%. 1.3. MYKA HW KPAXMAST f Myxoit HasnieaioT mpoayKT, nonyuaembii B pesymbrate pasmo7a 3epHa pa3MuHEIX KympTyp. Borpme Bcero MYKH NOAyUawT NpH pa3sMo- Ae sepHa nmeHHuB. 3epHo mmeHHuD! (pac. 1.2) cocrouT H3 YeTEIpex OCHOBHEIX YacTel#: MogOBHIX O6onoYeK J, anciiponoBoro cos 2, My4- HucToro sqpa-aHAOCHepMa 3 uM 3apogpuua 4. CoorHomieHne m0 macce aTux YacTelt B 3epHe MMeHHUH KONeORETCA B CHenyIONIHX Mpeqenax (B %): o6onouxa — 3,1—5,6, avelipouosniii caroit — 6,8—8,6, oHQ0C- nepm — 81,1—94,2, sapogpm — 1,4—3,2. Xummueckuii cocran 3epHa TMeHHIbI MOET XapaKTEPH3OBATECA CIETYOMMMA WaHHLMM (BY): Boga — 13,5, Genox — 12,5, -%xup— 2,0, Kpaxman — 67,8, xneruat- ka — 2,5, 30a — 1,7.' Myxy noayyator mp pa3mMoue He TOAbKO NMIeHHUbI, HOM pk, 44- MCHA, KYKYPy3bI, COM M Apyrux KybTyp. KaaccntpaKauua MyKH OCHOBaHa Ha CeAbCKOXO3MiICTBCHHOI KybTy~ pe, #3 KOTOpoit nomyYeHa MykKa, WeTeROM Ha3Ha4¥eHHM MYKH, XapaK- 28‘TEpHEIX ocoGeHHoctelt TexHONOrHM nowyye- Husa M cocTaBa. Myky nogpasqeasior Ha BH- bl, THNEI HM copra. Buy o6ycnoBneH KymbTy- pol 3epHa (muleHHWa, poXb, cos, KyKypy3a MT. 1.). Tan MyKH pa3iMuaioT B 3aBHCHMO- CTH oT ee HagHaueHHa (xne6oneKapHas, Ma- Kaponnag, KOHNTepcKas HT. 1.). Copr My- KH — 9TO Ce KaYCCTBCHHAaMd rpynma, K KOTO- polit OTHOCSIT MyKY B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ce xH- MHUYECKOMO COCTAaBa, COOTHOWCHHS BOMe]- MX B Hee YacTeii sepHa (OGo0UKH, SHOC- TlepMa, 3apoqplua HT. 1.), BHEMHero Ba, upera 4 1.1. “Myka sBAaeTCa OCHOBHEIM BHIOM ChIPb B MPOM3BOACTBE MYYHBIX KOH- AMTepCKMX Uu3qeTHi (MeyeHbA, MpAHUKOB, TaieT, Badesb, TOpTOB KM MMpOXHBIX 7. q.). Jaa oTHx Werel B OCHOBHOM HcnOmb- 3yfOT NWeHHUHY!O MyYKy7 Myxa nuenmuvas. Mykomonpxoii mpo- MBILUICHHOCTbIO BbIPAaGaTbIBAeTCA MITb COp- TOB MUCHHUHOM MYKH: Kpyn4aTka, BbIC- mui, mepspri, sTopoit, oboitHas. B KoHAH- TePCKOM MPOMBILLIGHHOCTH MaBHBIM OGpa- Puc. 1.2. Paspes sepa mue- 30M HCMOAb3yIOT MYKY BBICHICrO KH Nep- HUE Boro copta (ta6.. 1.1). Myky sroporo cop- Ta NPHMCHAWT AKUIb 118 HeOombUOrO KOHUECTBAa COPTOB MeyeHbs, ra- aet m npsunxos. Kpynuatky “ oGoiHyw MyKy mpakTH4eckH He Hc- TOub3y1OT. Baxuettmumu MOKagaTeAMH KaYeCTBAa DICHMYHOH MYKH ABISIOTCA UBeT, BKYC, 3aMaX, BAKHOCTb, KHCIOTHOCTb, 30/IbHOCTb, COAe@PpKAHHE NOCTOpOHHMX MpuMeceit HW’ pasMep YacTHy (KpynHOTa MoMoa). Buicume copra MyKH wMeroT Gerbiii UBeT C %*KENTOBATHIM OTTCHKOM, Hu3KKe — Gomee TeMHBIt uset. []pH gaMTeAbHOM XpaHeHHM MyKa cBeTyleer. STO aBAAETCA CICACTBMEM OKMCICHHA OKPaUIeHHBIX BELeCTB KHCHOPOOM BOBiyXa. Myxa o6aagaet caerka ciagkosaTEIM Bkycom. FoppKosatnili H KHC- OBATH MpHBKyC, a Takxe 3aTXIbIl MecHeBeABI 3amax CBHeTeMbCT- BYWOT 0 HecBexecTH MykH. Myka cnoco6Ha BOCHPHHHMaTb NocTopoHHue 3amaxH Np XpaHeCHHH WIM MepeBO3Ke Ce COBMCCTHO C HMCIOUIHMH 3a- max npogyktamu. TlocropouHuit sanax MOxkeT CBHAeTCACTBOBAT O Ha- JIMUMH B MYKE TOCTOPOHHHX YaCTHI — NObIHM, JOHHHKAa, POJIOBHH H TM. “ BaaxkHOCTh MYKH JOKHa ObiTh He BHIWe 15%. B pewentypax Ha KOHAMTEPCKHK H3QCINA NpHHATA pacucTHad BAaxHOCTS Myku 14,5%. Ecam Bi1axKHOCTS HHas, TO COOTRETCTBEHHO KOppeKTUPyIOT pacxoy My- 29 aLi. Xummeckwik cocrae Myku pasaManbix BHO, % | Yonenonns | Cope myxit a Hop | Bent | Sona commie] caxap | xpaxntar| knerwarna 80 Boicumnit 14,0 74,2 18 67,7 0,1 0,9 10,3 0,5 Tepes 14,0 73,2 1,7 67,1 0,2 1,3 10,6 0,7 Bropoit 14,0 70,8 18 62,8 0,6 18 i1,7 it ku. TIpa xpaveHHm MYKH MOBbILICHHOH BIaKHOCTH MHTeHCUpAuMpyIOT- C4 MPOUECCh OKHCICHHA CaxapOB KMCTOPOOM BO3AYXxAa C BbINETeHHeM BOAbI H WHOKCHAa yraepona (“AbIxanMe MyKH). Tas MykH BbICiero M MepBOrO COpTOR KHCAOTHOCTh He NOIKHa Mpe- Bprmatb 3 rpaq, a ama MYKH BTOporo copra — 5 rpaa. [pu xpanenuu KHCHOTHOCTS MYKH MOBHIMACTCH, YTO ABAACTCH CACACTBHEM Mpouecca THApoM3a xKHpa C BbIYeMeHHeM CBOGOAHEIX %KMPHBIX KHCIOT. Dror mpo- Wecc MHTEHCHHIMpyeTCa pH NOBHIeHHM BIaXKHOCTH HW TeMMepaTypH MYKH. OcHosHHiM noKagaTeneM, MO KOTOpOMy ompenensor coprHocTs My- KH, sBAseTcs 301bHOCTD. [1a BhICIETO COpTa 30ABHOCTh MYKM He ZO.1- xHa MipesatuaT 0,55%, a aaa nepporo — 0,75%. Ognu Krworpamm MYKH He JOuKeH CoqepxkaTb Gonee 3 Mr MeTasaOMarHMTHOM mpumecu. Pasmep Kaxgoit yacTHUn B HaHOonpuleM sHHeHHOM M3MepeHHM He fomKeH npespmats 0,3 MM, a Macca oTqenbHBIX yacTHy — 0,4 mr. Co- AepKaHHe B MYKE BPCAHbIX mpumeceit B BHC OCTaTKOB C€MSH ANOBH- THX pacTeHHii (ropyak, BA3HIb) M 31aKOB C rpHOKoBEIMM 3a6o1eBaHus- MH (CNOPbIHSS!, FOAOBHA) ONpCACAsIOT AHANH3OM DOANOTORICHHOTO K noMosy sepHa. Coyepxanie BpeqHbIx mpumeceit jomyckaeTca He Gomee 0,05%, B TOM 4NCJe POpuaka WIM BABHIA (OTICMbHO WIM BMECTe) He 6onee 0,04 %. B ocHoBHOM MyxKa cocTowT m3 Kpaxmana (oxono 70%) mu GeaKa (oxon0 10—12%). Benox nmeununoit MykH CocToHT 43 aibOymMMHOB, TNOSY.AWHOB, NpOaMMHOR M raOTeTHHOR. TananMH M rmOTeHHH mpeod- aapaior B GenKoBoit uacTH H coctaBAmoT 75%. Stn Genkn npn conpH- KOCHOBCHHM MYKH C BOpOi Ha6yxalor u OGpasyioT KneiKOBUBY, KOTO- Py! MOXHO OTMbITh OT KpaxMata. Macconaa 701% cBIpoli KmeiKOBHHBI B MYKE SABISETCA OAHMM M3 BAKHCHUIMX NOKasaTeNeH ce KaUeCTBA aomkHa 6piTb (8B %) He HMxKe: ANA BHICWerO copra ~ 28, nepBo- ro — 30 w Broporo — 25. PeraameHTHpyetca Avid MYKM HM Ka4eCTBO CBI- poi Kxe#KOBHHHI. Ono 20KHO Shir He HWE BTOpOi rpynnsl. Hwxe mpHpeqerb ONTUMANbHBIe 3HAYCHUA MaCCOBOI AO K1eHKO- BUHBI B MYKE 21s PaSIMUHDIX KOHAMTEPCKMX HSQC. 30Konairrepexue uanenuia Macconaa nos Kelikowni, Tlevenpe caxapHoe 28—36 SaTsDKHOE 32-34 cao6Hoe 28—34 Kpexep 25—30 Panett 32—36 TpsuKn 32-34 Bucutuetit 1 aanapHoit 28—36 nonyqa6puKat Caoensit nonydpa6puKar 30—40 Badan He Goxee 32 Baxneimium nokasaTeneM KayecTBa MYKM sBAseTCH KpynmHOTa m0- Mona. STOT MOKasaTetb XApaKTepusyerTca MaCCOBOM AONelt OcTaTKa Ha CMTE C OMpexeeHHbIM pasMepoM s4eeK H Mpoxoga 4epe3 Hero. Hanmpu- Mep, Wid Mepsoro copra MyKH OcTaTOK Ha cute No35 He qomxKeH 6nITh 6onpmre 2%, a npoxoy uepes 9TO CTO He ZOmXKeH GSbITh MeHbIUe 75%. Myka nocrynaer Ha npeanpuatus wu cKTaqN Aa xpaHeHMa B Tape (TKaHeBbIe MeWIKH) HM GecrapHo. B nocneqHHe Tous BCe WMpe npH- MensioT Gecrapryw mepesosky H 6ecrapHoe xpaHeHHe Myku. Tepesos- ky IpOMsBOqsT B aBTOMyKOBO3aX, pasrpy3ky —C MOMOMIbIO CxKaTOrO Bosayxa. Orpa6oraHHbiit BO3LyX THaTebHO OUMUIAIOT OT OCTATKOB My- KH B CHCIMaIbHBIX (bubTpax. Myky xpaHaT B MeTaWIMYeECKHX HAM xeneso6eTOHHIX CHI0cax Mpv Temnepatype 15—18°C u oTrHOcHTenb- HOH ByaxkHocTH Bo3snyxa 60—65%. Tipx wopManbHBIx ycnoBusax xpa- HEHMA B MYKe HE HaOmomaeTca CYyUCCTBCHHEIX W3MeHeHHH B Te“ecHHE 1—1,5 roga. [pu 6ecrapHom xpaHeHHM MyKy CTaHqaprHoit BraxHOCTH MOXHO XpaHuTb B cHocax go 30 guei. Tipn xpaHenmm MyKu nOHH- 2KeHHOM BaKHOCTM CPOKH, XpaHeHHa MoryT ObITb yBeHYCHBI, ONHAKO Ip TOM MyKy CileqyeT MepHoaMuecKH NepeMelMBaTE. Myxa coesas. Tas msroToBieHHa KOHJMTepcKMXx M3qenMii HcHOmb- 3Y1OT TObKO De3030pHpoBaHHy!W MYKy, T.€. MYKY, NOy4YaeMy!O H3 TIPeABaPHTeAbHO Ae30A0pHpOBAaHHBIx cocBHIx 6o6os. Jesoqopanueli Ha- 3bIBAIOT MIPOWecc YCTpaHeHMa HEMpHATHHIX 3aMaxOB, CBOHCTBEHHNX CO- BKM 606aM. TIpouecc qes0qopaluM ReayT B ABTOKaBaX NOW AaBreHH- mM 300—400 ka (3—4 atm). Coesyto ge30g0pHposaHHy!0 MyKy T0- lyuaioT MYTeM pa3Moa cOeBOTO 3epHa, a TaKXKE MMMeBOrO COeBOTO ‘MBIXa HM WpoTa. Coesy1o MyKy B 3aBHCKMOCTH OT comepxaHHa Kupa BHIpabaTHIBaloT pex BHJOB: HeOSesxKHpeHHy! (MaccoBaad HOIT XHPa B MepecueTe Ha yxoe BeljecTBo He MeHee 17%), noayo6esxupennyio (or 5,0 yo ,0%) w o6esxupennyro (He Gonce 2%) (taba. 1.2). Heo6e3xupeHHy!0 MyKy mouyualor 43 3epHa com, nomsyobesxnpeH- yO — H3 COCBOTO XMBIXa, a O6e32%kMpeHHy! — M3 coeBoro mIpoTa. Co- 31eByiO AE3OOPUpOBaHHYyW MYKY NMOApasKeMMOT MO KAUCCTBCHHBIM MOKa- 3aTeAM Ha JBa COpTa: BRICIUMH HW Nepsblit. Coesyio MyKy MCnOA3yOT B KOHGPeTHOM, WOKOTa_HOM M Kapa- MCJIbHOM TIPOH3BOACTBAaX, 3 TAKKE B NPOKSBOACTBE MYYHEIX KOHHTEp- CkKMX H3aneTHi, re 10 MoxeT GRITS 3aMeHeHa MMeHHYHAA MyKa NepBO- YO H BTOPOTO COPTa NPM MpOM3BOACTBE NeYeHbsA H NPAHHKOB B KONMUC- cre 0 5%. Pa3aMuHHe BHA M copTa coeRoi MYKH MMeIOT HeOqHHaKoBETit upeT: HanpuMep, y o6esxKMpeHHO! MYyKH BHICHIerO copra oT 6emoro 70 CBETIO-XKENTOTO, Y NepBOTO COpTa OT CBETO-2%KENTOTO HO TEMHO-KpeMO--, BOrO. Tipu STOM UBCT MYKH JOTKCH COOTBCTCTBOBATD CIICIMaIbHbIM oTasIOHaM. 3anax nOmxKeH 64ITb CBOIICTREHHBI CoeBOi Res0q0pHpoRaHHOH My- Ke, a BKYC CBONCTBEHHDIM KaxHOMy BHy coeBow MyKH, 6e3 cneum>u- weCKOrO MpMBkyca, TOpeuM, KMCTOBATOTO M ApyrMx MOCTOPOHHMX mp BKycoB, Tipu pa3xesplBaHHu coeBoii MYKH, CMOYeHHOH BORON, HE AO72KHO oulymlaTbca xpycra Ha 3y6ax. Maccosaa gona Baarm y HeobesxKupeHHo uw moayobesKupeHHOit MYKH He WODKHa npeBnMaTs 9%, y oeaxupenHol JonycKaeTcs oO 10%. Pernamentupyerca cragaptoM B coeBoll Myke MaccoBad OAT 2KMpa, MpOTewHAa, KM€TUATKM WH KPYMHOTHI NOMONA. He Wonyckaetcs Ha- JIMUMe HOCTOPOHHHX MmpuMeceli H 3apaxkeHHOCTh BpeANTETAMM. Myka kykypysnaa. Kykypysuas Myka sBaaeTca npoayKTOM pa3Mo- ja gepHa KyKypy3H. OrmHunteabHoit ocobeHHocTbIO KyKypy3HOlt MyKH SABUACTCA TOBLIMICHHOe MpOTHB TIMWeHHUHOK coqepxanue KpaxMasa Go 85%) u xupa (fo 3%). Comepxanve 6emka HwxKe, UeM B MMICHHUHOH (7,2%). Kyxypysuyio Myky UCnOmb3yi0T B MpoK3BOACTBe MyYHBIX KOHH- TepcKux usqenmi, Ee noxpasqeasoT Ha TpH THMa: TOHKOTO MoMoOZAa, KpyNHOTO MoMO7a HM THA O6oiHOI. Xpauat KyKypy3Hy!0 Myky B YMCTHIX CYXMX, XOpOWO BeHTHAMpye- MBIX, H€ 3apaxKCHHBIX amOapHEIMu BPCOHTCIdMH CKIaqax B Ta- pe Memikax HM GecrapHo B cHocax. Kykypy3Haa MyKa mo opraHomenTHuecKHM MOKa3aTeISM WODKHA COOTBETCTBOBATb CAIEAYIOWLUM Tpe6onaHHaM: 1.2. Xumarvecknit coctan coenoi MyKH, % Myx Boua Bona | kp | Besox | Knertera | yee Heo6esxnpennaa 9,0. 4,7 20,2 38,5 2,6 25,0 Tloayo6eaxxnpennaa 90 52 63 456 29 310 O6esxupennas 9,0 5,9 1,0 48,9 2,8 33,0 32ee 1.3. Conepxkanue Kpaxmana (B cpeMHeM) B pa3IMGHDIX BH/AX ChIPbS, Yo, corpse Koanaat aan Kaproean 18,2 72,8 Kyxypysa 56.9 66,2 Tnewma 53,7 624 Puc 55,2 64,2 upeT XeTTH WM Genbiit; BKYC, CBOHMCTBeHHBI HOpMasIbHOH KyKypy3HOH Myke, 6e3 roppKoro uam Kucaoro upuBkyca. Ip pasxesbipaHHu MyKH He O/DKHO omly- marbca Xpycta WM MHHepasibHO MpHMecH; gamax He 3aTxsbii, 6e3 Kakux-1H460 NOCTOpOHHHX 3amaxoB; MaCCOBAd AOA Bar y BCeX COpToB MykM He Bee 15%; 30/1bI B Myke TOHKOTO Homona 0,9%, KpynHoro nomona 1,3%; 2kupa B Myke TOHKOTO momona 2,5%, KpymHoro — 3%; ‘ perqaMeuTupyetca KpynHoTa nomoaa. He gonyckaerca sapaxKeH- HOCTb BpeqHTeIAMM. Kykypy3Hy10 Myky MCNOAb3yiOT 218 NPOUSBOACTBAa MYYHBIX KOHIH- TepcKkHx u3qenHii. CreayeT xpaHHTb ee B CyXHX UHCTBIX, XOPOHIO mpo- BeTPHBACMBIX, He 3apaxXeHHHIx aMOapHEIMM BpeAMTeENAMA CKNaMaX. “ KpaxMaa. KpaxmasioM Ha3bIBal0T paCTHTe/IbHbIt MOTMCaxapH, 10- Ayyaempll M3 KapTodena, KyKypy3bl, MUICHHUB, pica M HeKOTOpBIX Apyrax pacrutenbaLix o6beKToB (rab. 1.3).) (Kpaxman & MpHpomABIX OGBeKTAaX OTKNabIRACTCH B Be 3epCcH, B cocTaB KOTOPBIX BXOAHT O¥eHb HeOONbMOe KOAMUECTBO Gemka HM AMMTM- OB, Kpaxman spaserca noruMepom rmuoKossi. Xumuueckaa crpyKTypa ero xapakTepn3yetca ofmei cbopmynoi#t (C,H,,O. . Monexyaspnas Macca jyonexya KpaxMayia OUCH BeNMKa .M HaXOQHTCA B Mpeqenax 104—1 7B coctas Kpaxmasa BXOUsT Be COCTABHBIC UaCTH: aMHJIO3a HM aMH- HOMEKTHH, MMcIOWIMe pasmuHbie cBolicrga. AMus103a xapakrepugyerca Amneitnot crpyKtypoit; MonexyasapHas Macca 32-10°—16-10°. "Mone. Kyl AMMHONEKTHHA OGanaloT BETBHCTOH crpyKTypol, MonekynapHad ' macca ux oT 10° go 10° uw Bamie(Jlona amuno3b B Kpaxmame cocTaBss- ' er 10—30%, a no1a amunonextuna — 70—90%. AMunosa nw aMHHO- KeKTHH B XONOTHOH BORE He pacTBOpsoTcs. AmH03a pacTBOpseTca B Topsueli Boe C OSpasoBaHHeM KOOMAHOTO pacrBopa — 3619. O,HaKO 97M pactBopEl Opicrpo CTpyKTypHpylOTcs, Mepexona B ycTOHUMBHIE re- au, AMmHonextai B ropaueii Boge Habyxaet, O6pasya mpouHbie cryy- un. On pacTBOpseTca B BOAe JHUIb Np HarpeBaHHH NOW WaBAeHKeM. Kpome amuyo3sI M aMMHOMEKTHHA, KPaxMaJIbHble 3epHa ComepxaT emle 4 Apyrue MoAMcaxapHabl C MpOMeXYTOUHBIMH CBOlCTBAMM B KOAMUECT- 2-1289 33Be 5—7%, a TaKKE HEKOTOPOe KONMYECCTBO HEYMMIeCBOAHBIX BeLECTB (occopHas KucnOTa, OKCH KatbUMa M MarHMd M BbICOKOMOJICKYIsIp- HbIC KUPHBIC xueaorsl)) /ilpu HarpesanuuB Boge KpaxMasbHble sepHa paspHBaorcs, HaGy- xawor uactauHo|pacrsopsiotcs. SToT mpowecc HOCHT HaHMCHOBaHHe “xneticrepusauua. Tipu oxyaxzenuu KpaxMaspHelit Kneitcrep sacrya- HEBAET H MEPECXOAMT B BASKOC F7ACTHYHOE COCTOSHNE. } f-Kpaxmaa nosyyaior wapsevennem m3 KpaxMascozepxKallero CEIpbs. KykypysHoe Apyroe sepHo mpeqBapuTCAbHO 3aMauMBalOT MW M3MC/Ib- valor, Kap: ih MOIOT H MaMembuaior. Kpaxmas BBIMBIBAIOT 13 43- MejbueHHO Maccet BogoH. Tip arom nomyuaior Tak Ha3BIBaeMoe KpaXMaIbHOe MonOKO. KpaxMasl OTReNAIOT OTCTaMBaHMeM MAK WeHTpH- cbyr“posannem, NpombiBaioT HW CymaTy B kowgntepcKoli NPOMBINLIeHHOCTH KpaxMaa MCNOAb3ylOT KaK pe- WeNTYPHHI KOMMOHEHT MYY4HbIX M3qeNMA HM paxaT-yKyMa, a TakKxKe KaK CPOpMOBOUHBI MaTepHaa B MpOHsBOUCTBe KOHeT H Apaxe. /Oco6ve sHaueHHe np ucnoAbsOBAHMM KpaxMasa KaK cbopmyioujero MaTepuasta MMceT KpyMHOCTb ero 3epeH. Kpymuoctb sepen Kpaxma.ia BAMAET Ha MaqKOCTS MOBepXHOCTH MONyYaeMBIX B pesyIbTATe OTHBKH B KpaxMa nonydabpuKatos W w3tenMi. Yem MeHbue 3epHa, TEM NO- BepxHocTs Sosee maakag. Hyke mpweenenbi WaHHple © pasmepe sepeH Aa pasmMUHBIx Banos kpaxmasa. Kaproeannott Kyxypysueii Turensunsit — Pucopniii 0,03—0,05 0,050,010 Kpaxman Pamep sepia, MM 0,05—0,08 0,02—0,03 (Bepua xpaxmana pasamuaiorca He TOABKO pasMepoM, HO M CTpoeHU- €M HW (bopMOH. ITO CBOMCTBO KPaXMAJbHBIX 3CPeH MCMOMb3yIOT Aa On PeqeeHHs Npupoabl Kpaxmaula., e (Taxxe umeet 6onbuloe TéXHOMOrHYecKOe 3HAYeHHE Temnepatypa K7elcrepH3anHn KpaXxMasa pH HCNOAB3OBaHHH ETO Kak CopMoBOUHOTO MaTepHwana Ad OTAMBKH KOHder HM Apaxel Sra Temnepatypa cocraBss- eT Wis Kaproensnoro Kpaxmayia 65°C, kykypy3HOrO HW MUeHHYHOTO 68, pucosoro 72°C. } (Or Temnepatypsi KaciicrepnsauMM 3aBMCHT_Macca KpaxMaza, ocTaB- uleroca (npuunumero) Ha ormmTom Kopmyce. |Yem HyxKe Temmepatypa Kyedcrepusanun, Tem Gombe KpaxMasia OcTaeTca Ha Kopmyce TpH OT- amuBxe. Ilo 9roit npHuuHe mpHMeHeHMe KyKypy3HOrO Kpaxmasa mpen- MOUYTHTeEIbHEe, YCM KaprocebHoro, ec KpaxMaJ! HCIOMb3y!OT Kak cbopmyroumit Matepuas.) ¢ Kpaxmaa pu Harpesanun c KucnoTow wim B npucyTcrsun cbepmen- TOs nogBepraetcsa ruqposmsy., [lomHeli ruaponu3s kpaxmasa c o6pa30- BaHHeM [IOKO3bI MOXET GObITh MIpeCTaBAeH CenyOUMM ypaBHeAHeM peakimn: 34(C,Hj,0,) 1 + nH,O = nC,H,0, Kpaxman Boa Pnvokosa Tlpaxruueckw rmqponmsom Kpaxmana (KMCAOTHRIM cbepMcHTaTHB- HBIM WAM KOMOMHMpOBaHHHIM) MOnyYawWT He TOKO TMIOKO3y, HO H KpaXMa@JIbHYIO NaTOKy, KOTOpasd COCTOMT U3 MPOAYKTOB pasTHUHO! cTe- NeHH ruqpomu3a KpaxMasa. Ecaw ragponu3 BecTH cbepMcHTaTHBHbIM NYTEM, TO MOXHO NOYYATh MaAbTOsy — WMCaxapHA, COCTOAMM U3 AByX OCTATKOB IIKOKO3BI. iKpaxman, nocrynatouii B mpousBoscrs0, WomKeH yaOBNeTBOpATS Psy NoKasaTenei: no BHeMIHeMy Buy, UBETY, YMCTY TeMHBIX KpanHH Ha | cm? mopepxHOCTH, BNaXKHOCTH, 301bHOCTH, KHCOTHOCTH, MaCCOBOIt None AMOKCHAa CepE, Conep»kaHHio CBOGOAHEIX KUCHOT H xJOpa, Comep- XKAHHMWO TAXKEIEIX MCTAMIOB MT. A. OTH MOKasaTeNM pasTHUaIOTCA B 3a- BHCMMOCTH OT MpHporb KpaxMa.a u coprHocru. Hanpumep, B1axKHOCTS kKyKypy3HOro KpaxMasia 1Os2KHa?O6bITS He Gonee 13%, a KaptocenbHO- ro — He Gonee 20% win 3enbHOcTs KyKypy3HOrO KpaXMasia BBICLUerO ‘opTa Homa 6biTb He Gonee 0,2%, a qua mepsoro copra — He Gonee 0,4%. B kpaxmaze, mpequa3Ha¥cHHOM J.14 MMLCBBIX Were, He FONy- cKaeTCa XPyCT pH pa3xXKeBbIBaHHH M MOCTOPOHHHM 3amax, He CBOMCT- BeHHBI Kpaxmany., (Kpaxman nocrynaer 4a Kongutepckue dba6puku B MewKax pa3Be- com or 25 no 75 xr. Ero cneqyer xpaHHTb B OTAaMMBaeMBIX CkKMafax. OntvMaabHaa Temnepatypa XpaHeHua sme) Kpome HatTypanbHoro KpaxMaia, B hocnef{ime rogbl B KOHAMTep- CKOM MpowsporcTBe Bce Gonce WMpOKO MpHMeHsHOTCA ero MoaMduKa- unH. aB 3aBHCHMOCTH oT OGpaGoTKH pasnMYaIoT CreAyOWMe BHA MOgH- buysposanHoro KpaxMana: rHzpoOAMs0BaHHBI, KOTOpHIt NoAyUalOT ny- TeM WaCTHUHOTO rMaporM3a KpaxMasia; Hadyxaommil, monyuaemprit TepMMueckoH obpa6oTKOi TOHKOTO COM KOHIe€HTpHpoBaHHOTO Kpax- MasIbHOrO KilelHicTrepa (9TOT KpaxMayl O6slaqaeT CHOCOGHOCTHIO YacTHUHO pblit MOyuanwoT B33HMONCHCTBHEM KpaxMaJia C OKMC/IMTCIAMH — H,0. . KMnO, M Op. (K OKMCIeHHOMY KpaxMaJly OTHOCST 1 aMasbyernqaBtity; 2XKeNMPYOUlM KpaxMa, XaPaKTePH3yIOUIMMCA NOBHIMEHHOM CTyTHeEO6- paszyromet cnoco6xoctbo. Ilyrem s3ammogciicrana KpaxMasia c (poc- PHO KHCAOTOH MAM,ee conAMM Momyuator /cboctarHblit kpaxmaa,) IlImpoxo pacnpocrpaueH B KOHAMTepckol pom’ ieHHOCTH Cnelasib- HbIi KCAMPyIOUM KapTopeHI Kpaxman..Ero nomzyyawwrT nyTem 06- pa6orKH (OKHcNeHMa) KapTocberbHOro KpaxMaaa caGBIM pacrBOopoM nepMaHraHaTa KaMa B MpHCyTCTBMM CoAMHOM KuCIOTEI. Tlocae TaKkolk o6pa6oTrkH Kpaxmay TWlaTeMbHO npombiBaloT Hu BbICyurMBaloT. Tlomy- UeHHBI MpoayKT npeycrapaser co6ol Sebi nopowoK, m0 BHeEMIHeMy © . 35eee BHAY CXOqHbIM cC KapToderbHBIMM KpaxMa/laMH. JTOT Kpaxma.t UCHOMb- 3yl0T Kak CryqHeoOpaz0BaTerb AIK NPOMSBOACTBA KeTeHHLIX usLEAHI. 1.4, KAKAO-BOBbI Kaxao-606n1 mpencrasasior co6oi cnenHambHo ob6paboTanHBie H BEI- cyIcHHBIe CeMeHa Aepesa KakaO, MpomspacTaroujero B TpoNHYeCKHX crpanax Adpuxu, AmMepuku # ocrpopax MuguitcKoro u Tuxoro oKea- HOB, Ou sB1a10TCH OCHOBHEIM ChIPbeM JVJId NPOHSBOACTBA WOKOAaa H kakao-nopourka. Kpome Toro, pa3iMuHble KakaO-npomyKTs HCTOMb3y- OT H B MpOM3BONCTBE KOHGeT, KapaMCMbHBIX HAYMHOK HM APyrux BUOB KOHUMTeEpCKHX Mazen. Buicora Aepepa Kaxao aocruraer 15 M. Oguako Ha maaHTamtax qe- pesbs BbIpanluBatoT BbIcoTOK Bcero 4—8 M. [Lnantayuu obcaxKMBaIOT ApyTHMH AepeBbAMH Tak, YTOOH OHH AaBaIH TeHb H 3AMMMaIH OT BET- pa gepespa Kakao. Jlepespa tpe6ylor Temoro BaxKHOrO KMMaTa CO cpeaueli remneparypoit 22—26°C. Jlepeso Kakao upereT H MAOAOHOCHT kpyrinili roy. OnHOBpemMenHo Ha Aepese MOXKHO HaGmIOAaTb UBETH, He~ AOsperble HW 3peJbIe MWIOTbI. Thon mepespa KakaO B 3pe0M COCTOSHHH OkpalleH B 2%€ITO-OpaHxeBHI UBeT, HMCCT OBaNbHYyIO *opmy, BecuT 300—S500 r, qimna ero 15—30 cm, auamerp 6—8 cM, OH NOKpBIT ‘TBepAOH ApeBoBMAHOK OSORCUKOH, BHYTPH KOTOpOM CpenH KpacHOBaTO- KENTON CaNKOH M#IKOTH HaXORATCS NpoRoroBaToH cbopMbl cemMeHa — KaKao-606nl. Orn COMCHA PaCNONOXKCHb NATbIO PAaMHM B KONMUCCTBE 25—50 wi. 8 Ka%xJOM naoge ¥ nO dopMe HanomuHalT bobnr. Ha puc. 1.3 noKa3aHa BeTKa JepeBa Kakao M pa3pe3 Tioga Kakao. Lipet cemaH camuiit pazm4- HEI: OT Genoro H posOBOrO 7O quonerosoro. Bxyc, o6ycaos- HeHHE GOonPUIMM KOmMUECT- BOM DyOwibHnix BeLICCTB, TOpbKHi, CHIBHO BaKyuIMA. BulnytHe 43 n1070B ceMeHa ¢ OCTATKOM CiaqKOl MAKOTH Ha HOBepXHOCTH Mo_Beprawr ep- mentaunn. [1s storo 606ni co- 6upaior B KYU WIM SIMKM BBICOTOH gO 1 M, ykpblBaloT AMCTbAMH =H OCTABISIOT Ha 2—7 que. Opa stom caagkasa MSKOT, B COCTAB KOTOPOH BXO- NWT 3HaYHTeNBHOe KOMYeCTBO caxapa, No BAMSHHeM copep- Puc. 1.3. Berka nepesa KaKxao *KAWMXCA B BOSTYXE ApowxKe- 36BHIX K7eTOK cOpaxuBaetca. Temnepatypa BHYTPH KYYM HIM AULHKa mosnmaetca go 50°C. Tloq sanaHnem cogepxamuxca B cemMeHax cep- MeHTOB B HUX NPOMCXOAST CNOwKHBIC 6HOXMMHUECKHe Npoueccet u Obpa- 3yHOTCH CNMPT, YKCyCHad KHCIOTa, AHMOKCHA yriepoza WM Apyrue Beuje- crsa. B pesyasTate cemeHa TepsioT cnocoGHocTs npopacraHus (3apo- ap ormupact). Ox mpuobperaroT KpacHO-KopHuneBbIi UBeT, pasBH- BaeTCa XapaKTepHbIi apomat Kakao, CoyepxaHne AyOHIbHBIX BeUIeECTB 3HAYHTCIbHO COKpallaeTCs, B P3yIbTATe POPbKO-BAKYWIMH BKyC CMST- uaeTCA, BO3paCTaeT COMepxRaHHe OpraHHYeCKHX KHCOT, o6on04Ka yu- aoTHAeTCA M Nerue OTAenAeTCA OT sapa. IIpomeaume cepMenraumo 606i nogBepraior MOMKe M CYIIKe Ha COMHUC HAM CyUIAIKaX. C ognoro nepera B rox nonyuaior B cpeqHem 70 1 Kr TOBapHBIX Cy- XHX Kaka0-60608. Pasmepsi Kakao-6o60n creayiomme: qmMHa 2,0—2,8 cM, mmpuHa 1,2—1,6, ronmmna 0,5—1,0 cm; Macca ogHoro 6o06a 0,8—2,0 r. Cuapyxu Kakao-606a HaxoqMTCa TRep_ad, merko oTqensemMaa O60- aouka — KakaoBesa, BHYTpH AQpo, cocTosmee m3 AByX CeManOTel, HOKPHITEIX TOHKOM TeMHOM O6ono4KOH. Buyrpu 606a HMeeTca 3apo- mpi. Agpo cocrasaser 81—88%, 6o6a, kakaosenna — 12—18, 3apo- aan — 0,6—1,0%. Kaxkao-606bi nogpasqerstoT Ha Ba THNa: BLICHIerO KayecTBa (cop- Topple) Mu cpeaHero KayecTsa (noTpe6uTeabcKHe). Tlepspie, Tak Ha3bi- Baempie “Kpwosio%, — ocHOBHad KysbTypa, acpeso KOTOpoli Gozee Tpe6oBaTenbHO K KAMMaTHYCCKAM YCOBHSM, HMCCT ypoxaiinocrb He- CKOAbKO HYDKe, HO KayectBO Hx Gove BEICOKOe. OnM OOnanatoT MpusT- HBIM TOHKHM apOMaTOM, CO MHOX€CTBOM OTTeHKOB, K HUM OTHOCATCH copra: Asa, Appu6a, Benecyona, [penaga, Letinos, Sxsagop u ap. Oun o6nagaiot apomaToM, xapakTepHBIM A14 KaxKgoro copra. Bropsie, Tak Ha3piBaemple “@ypocrepo“ (uyxezemen), 6onee ypoxaliHBI, HO Zawot GoGrr Goree HH3KOTO KayeCTBa, HMeIOMIMe TepnKH BKYC M CHIb- HBr apomat. Onn o6nanaioT Gonee rpy6nmm apomaToM u BKycoM. K BHM OTHOcaTCa: AxKpa, Baia, Kamepyu, Kouro u ap. Xumuueckuiit cocras sapa Kakao-6060B8 HenocToaHeH, OH MOxeT xa- | PAKTEPH3OBATBCA CAETYIOUIMMM CpeQHHMH Aa@HHBIMHM: MaccoBad yous (B %): Bona — 5,5; %*xup—54; 6enkossie BeutectBa — 11,5; ayOwipHbIe Bemectsa — 6,0; rTeo6pomun — 1,2; KodbewH — 0,2; caxap — 1,0; kpaxman — 6,0; mento3anpi — 1,5; xneruatka — 9,0; opranmueckue Kucnorn — 1,5; 30a — 2,6. Kakao-6o6ni nocrynaiwr no umnopry. Ux Kayecrso o6nr4HO o6yc- OBCHO KOHTpakTaMu (JoroBopaMu) ¢c HocraBuMKkamu. B cBa3M ¢ ITHM HO CMX MOp He ycraHoBreHbt O6mMe onpexenenuBe tpebosaHua K ux kauecrsy. K raaBHeiM noKasaTemaM KayecTBa Kaka0-6060B OTHOCST: BylaxkHOcTbh, Maccy 100 mT., coflepxaHHe noppexqeHHbIx. Maccopas OA BAarH HE WOKHAa MpeBpiMaTr 8%, macca 100 wr. Kone6aetTca B mpegenax 100—160 r. K nospexxaeHHbim KaKao-606am orHocsT: 3a- 37TUIeCHeReMBIe, TIOXO @epMenTHpoBaHHDIe GoOni, uMeIOUIMe dHoETO- BBIT WIM CepoBaTO-YepHbiit OTTCHOK, MOBPeXxACHHBIC HACCKOMBIMH, mpopocuime, paspyulenupre H ap. Kaxao-60611 He O7DKHbI MMeTb TIO- CTOPOHHMX 3amaxa M BKYCa, HE AOUDKHEI COLEpKATh NOCTOPOHHHE MpH- MecH. BKyc 200KeH OBITS MPHATHO-ropEKoBaTHlit HM CHerka BAXYLMH. Pasmep sepa JorxKen Oprre: anna — 17—28 mm, ummpuna — 10-15 MM 4 TommHHa —4—~—8 mM. Kpome Toro, aMeer Sombuloe 3HayueHue AAS KOHAMTEPCKONO NpOMSBOACTBA, ETO IKOHOMHKK M KaYeCTBa NpomyK- IH MaCCOBad AOA 2KKpa MW KakaoBeswb B 606ax. Kaxao-606bi 8 3aBH~ CHMOCTM OT Ka¥eCTBEHHBIX MoKa3aTerei MoryT OnITh OTHeCeHBI K pa3- JMuHBIM CopTaM, Kaxao-60651 xpanaT B Tape nH GecrapHo. B KauecTBe Tapbl HC- HOMb3YIOT MELIKH BMeECTHMOCTHO SO Kr, XpaHsT HX B UMCTHIX CBETIBIX, XOPOUIO NpOBETPHBAEMHIX CKaqaX Mp BOSMOXKHO Gomee HM3KHX TeM- mepatypax M OTHOCHTeABHO! BAAxKHOCTH BOsAyxa He BME 80%. Cxaaner o60pyaywr cnemuanbHoi BenTutanelit, OGmeH Bosayxa O1- 2KeH ObITh HE MeHEE TPeX pas B YaC. Kaxao-606n1 nopaxaiorca HaceKOMbIMH (WIOKONaQHOH orHeBKOli). Tlopaxenupre KaKao-606n xpauat oTzemuo. IWloKxonaqnaa orHesKa Hav6onee HMHTCHCHBHO pa3sMHOxaeTCa B NeTHEe H OCeHHee Bpema. Dna 6opp6n c Hei HanGonee aexTHBHa TepMuuecKasd OOpaGorKa (Harpe 60608 yo Temnepatypsl 60—70°C). OcBoboxrzeHHBIe OT KaKa0-6060B ckjlaqb cleayeT TOABepraTh AC3HHCCKUMH He pexe OHOMO pasa B rox. Ecnm 606s xpaHsT Ha CKalax AMTeMbHOe BPEMA, TO MK HYKHO NEPHOAMYECKM MPOBEPATh Ha 34PaXKCHHOCTh HACCKOMBIMH-BPeCAMTCIIA- MM: JI€ETOM HE PexXe OAHOTO pasa B MECAL, a 3MMOM HE pexe pasa B 2—3 mec. B nocaeaume roger xpavenue Kakao-60608 B Memikax BbITecHaeTCA GecrapHBiM xpaHeHHeM 8B CTambHBIX WIM %eneI0eTOHHHX emKOCTAX. Takue emMkocTH BMecTHMocTsY go 200 r MoryT gocTHraTh BECoTH 30 M. Emkocti cHa6xxai0T TEpMOMeTPaMH, NOSBOASIONIMMM H3MepaTh TeEM- nepatypy B HCKOAbKMX TOUKAX, HM YPOBHeMepaMM, NOKa3HBAIOMHMH ypoBeHb MX 3anonHeHHa. IIpy noBEmieHHH Temnepatypb KaKa0-6o6bI nepeMemlaiwr M3 OAHOM EMKOCTH B ApyryWw. Tepen sarpyskoit emKocrH Kaka0-6o6n ouMMaloT OT 3arpasHeHHit. Ecam BaaxkHocTb kakao-60608 Brme 8%, 4x nogcyumeaior., OTHocn- TEMbHAA BaXKHOCTh BOSAYXa He FOKHA NpesHMaTb 65%. BuyTpu em- KOCTH MOHTHDPYIOT CICHMaIbHBIC KAaCKagHBIe YCTPOHCTBa, NpensATCTBy!0- ive pas6usanmio 6o6on npu 3arpy3Ke. Cxnagut GecrapHoro xpaHeHua o6opyayioT KaMepamMH dbymuranin 60608 c ucablo YHHUTOKCHMA BPCAUTEACH HB MepBy!O OUEpeAb WIOKO- saguou ornesKu. B Kavecrse dbyMuranTos HcnoAD3y10T 6pomucTHlt Me- THM Apyrme noAObHbIe XUMMUeCKHE COCMMHEHHS. B xpanwaumax npemycMatpuBalor ycrpoiicrsa mia nepemenjeHud TIpH HeOGXOAMMOCTH M3 OAHOH EMKOCTH B Apyryl0, B cbymMuralHuoHHy1O 38 . “ onaneee Kamepy uT.0. Hx taxxe oGopyayoT BeHTHAAUMORHEIMM CACTeMaMn quit OOMeHa BOSyxa BHYTPH eMKOCTH. 1.5. OPEXH WK MACIIMYHBIE CEMEHA IlImpoxoe m pa3zHoo6pasHoe MpHMeHeHMe B KOHAMTeEPCKOM MpoH3- BOACTBE HMCHOT Apa OPCXOB HW MaCJIMUHbIX CCMSH. Opexamu Ha3bIBaI0T IMIOAbI, B KOTOpbIX B TBEpAOH OFonONKe (qepe- BAHMCTOM CKOpyne) HaXOAHTCa Apo. Opexm (cpexomzogHble) noapasyetaioT Ha cuenyIomMe BABI: Ha- cTosmHe opexoniogubie [dyHayK, aecHoi (xemmAHbiit) opex] u KoC- TOUKO-OpexOMogHBIe (MMHZarb, rTpeyKuii Opex, KeApoBEIit opex u Ap.). OcHosHot oco6eHHOCThIO OpexXoB sBAAeTCA BBICOKOe cozepxaHHe ‘Mpa M Genka. Cneacrsmem 9T0ro sBaseTca ux Oombuiad nuuleBad ueHHoctb. Kpome Toro, opex MMciOT BbICOKHe BKycoBbie cBOlicrBa) Boe 9TO O6ycnoBAMBaeT IpHMeHeHAe Mx AIA UpHroToRcHMa NpaNMHOBHX MaplHTaHOBbIxX KOHeTHEIX MACC, COOTBETCTBYIOWJMX HAUMHOK Jit Ka~ paMeam. OpexH B WeIOM HM ApOOTeHOM Bue BROLATCA B MOKOTAT H MHOrHe KOH(peTHBIC MaCCbI (rpHJIb92K), BOCTOUHBIC CAaqOCTH (KO3HHa- KH) 4 Ap. Hapsny ¢ opexamu ucnorb3yior MacaMUHBIe CeMeHa KyH>KyTa, MOn- conmeuHnka u con. Tepssie 4Ba BHA CeMaH TIPHMeHSIOT B OCHOBHOM Ia NPWPOTOBJICHHA XaJIBbl, a CeMeHa COM — Kak yobaBKy BO MHOTHE BYAbL KOHAMTCPCKUX M3AcAMi (KOHqeTHI My4HEIC 1 Ap.). . Muuaasp. Munganb nanGonce mMpoKO MCnOAL3yWT B MpOMsBOACTBE BHICLIMX COPTOB KOH(peT, Apaxke H HAYHHOK Aa Kapamesu. Ero. mpwme- HAIOT H B MpPOW3BOACTBE 6erkosocOuBHEIx TIMPOXHbIX HW TOPTOB, TAKMX, aK, HampuMep, “Kyescxuiit®, | B wate crpane MUHA kymbtupupywr B Kpsimy, 3akapKasbe 4 Cpeaneii Asun. Muuyanb cyllectByeT.B ABYX BMAX: Caagkuit m roppKuli. Topeub MHB aa o6ycroBeHa HaJH4HeM B HEM AQOBHTOFO THOKO3HAa aMHrya- amna/ AMMIZanMH mpH TanpomMse BEITeTIeT KUCAOTY 10 ypaBHeHHWO ~ CygH,NO,, +2H, Lo= 2C,H,,0,+ CJ H, [CHO + HCN. Avuojaani Boia Tuioxosa’ Bessansieraa Cameras KucaOTa B cBa3v ¢ SOBMTOCTbIO TOpbKMii MMHAaIb He MOET ObITh MCTOb- 30BaH B KOHJHTCPCKOM MpOH3BOUCTBC. OnHako agpo ciaqkKoro MHHana O6bI4HO 3acOpeHO HEGOMbIIMM KOAMYECTBOM sep TOpbKOrO. lors roppKux sep AMMMTMpyeTca TeXHMYeCKHMH ycroBKamH. B agpe MuHyaas conepxutca Gonee 50% xupa wu oxono 20% asorucrsrx BeLecTB. ee STApo cnaqKoTO MHHAars B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KaUeCTBa NOApasIeAmOT Ha Tp copta: BBICHIMi, MepBbIit M BrOpoi. Macca roppKux aqep He 39 eneeeenananemnemeet sere a SEES EEE aeen rennin > AOKHA NpesLUATh AIA BEICUIerO copra 1%, gua nepporo 3 u gaa i BTOporo copra 5%. AQpO MHHAanA CeAYeT XPAHNTb B UMCTBIX CYXHX, BCHTMAMPYeMbIX, HE HMCIOWIMX NOCTOPOHHerO 3amaxa M He 3aparxKeHHbIX aMOapHLIMH BpeqMTeAAMK ckK1ayax; TemMepaTypa np xpaHesuM or Munyc 1S Jo moc 20°C, 6e3 peskux Kone6aHuit. OTHOCHTeIbHad B/IaKHOCTh BOSTY- xa He JOuKHa NpeBbunate 70%. Hapsay ¢ MuHganeM kak cro 3aMeHHTeAb MpHMeHseTCa CIaAKOe sI1- po a6puKocosori KOcrouku. Bxyc aep adpuKocos 61H30K K BKyYCy MHH- Jans. OgHaxo spo aGpuKocoBbix KOCTOUeK COxepxKUT 3HaYHTEbHO MeHbuIe XHpa (oKONO 35%) w bompmc aSOTHCTDIX BCHIECTB. @ynayk W opex jewmubI. B wametk crpane d@yHayk KybTMBUpyIOT B Kpsimy u Ha Kapxase. Sapo ibyHayKa ucnomMb3yWT B KOHAUTEPCKOM MpOU3BOCTBe ja MpHPOTOBCHHA MpanMHOBbIX HM MaplMMaHOBbIX Macc. OTH MaCCbI BKO- AsaT B cocras Kopnycos Kondber, KapaMenbHLX HM BacbeTbHLIx HaYMHOK KT. 1. Apo opexa cbyayKa B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT KaYECTBa MOApasyenAwT Ha Apa copra: BbICUIMH Mu MepBbIit. Tlo sHemHemy BHA SPO AOWKHO MpercTaBnaTh co6oH WeMbHOE sI- pO, BNOTHE pasBUBIeecs, B KOpHUHEBO! OGoTOUKe, Ha m3:10M Gesoe Cc KOPHYHEBHIM OTTCHKOM, A/a BLICIeTO COpTa — OAHOpOMHOE MO BeARYH- He M cbopme. Bxyc m 3amax QOuKHbI ObITh CBOVCTBeHHBI Opexy ovis 6e3 nocropounero npusxyca uv 3anaxos. Baaxnocth He Gonee 6%, cpeqHas Macca aqpa Ot BEICIIerO CopTa He MeHee | r, AIH MepBoro HE HOpMupyeTca. Aapo cieaqyeT XPaHHTb B CYXMX, BEHTHAMPYeMbIX NOMCLICHMAX npH vemnepatype He Bhe 20°C HM OTHOCHTeABHOM B1axKHOCTH BOSAYXAa HE 6oree 70%. Cpox xpaHeHus B STHX YCROBUAX O1MH Fon. apo opexa Keuibio. Aqpo opexa Keumbi0 aBAaeTCA CeMeHaMH Tepe- Ba, MIpOMapacraiomero B CTpaHax C TponM¥ecKHM KAMMaTOM. Dlepeso umeert spicory a0 10 m. Kpome sqpa, B MequuMHe ucnomb- S3YIOT CHELMaAbHOe MACHO, KOTOPOE MoTyYaIOT M3 KOXYpEr. Tinog cocrour v3 m10f0HOxXKH um Opexa. CrIbHO paspocmiasca cbe- Wo6Has MIOAOHOXKa B (popMe rpyniM HMeeT NpHTOPHBI c1ayKO-KHC- Ji BKYC M CHyIbHbIi apoMar. Aqpo xapakrepHo u3ornyToi dopmpi 3aKMIONeHO B poTOBMAHY!O TONCTY!O CKOpaymy, KOTOpas cocraBaseT 70—75% o6meit Macca opexa. M3 Hee po6bipaioT CMOMHCTYIO XKHA- KOCTb. APO NOKpLITO TOHKOM O6oNOUKOM, OKpaweHHO B KOpHUHEBO- KpacHblii HM posoBbiif UBeT. Bxyc apa cnagkonaraii, oven» npuaTHEtii. Oo HMeeT us0rHyTy!O copmy. Cocras sqpa B cpeaHem cocrapaset (Bp %): Bona—SJ, Oe- 30K — 25, xup ~ 53, yraewognt — 14, 3022 — 3. apo opexa KnaccudwuMpytor B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT UBeTa, pasmepa H ero yeslocrHoctu Ha Gombuloe Kommuccrso copros. Mepea ynaKospipa- 40HHEM Spo Opexa KeIbIO C MOHHXCHHOHM Ba KHOCTHIO YBIaKHAIOT B CNeuMasIbHBIX KaMepax JO BraxHOcTH S—5,5%. Bro WenawrT ya Toro, uTOOE YMCHBUIMTh XPyMKOCTS. K ocHOBHEIM MmOKa3aTCAaM KayecTBAa apa opexa KCLIbIO OTHOCAT KOAMYECTBO sep B onpefemeHHOH Macce, OObl4uHO B 453,6 r (aHraMii- ckHH dbyHT). Kpome Toro, TakuMM nOKa3aTeMSMM ero KayeCTBa ABJIS- 1OTCA: MACCOBad YONA BAH, eek rat sajipa BHeUIHHe — BHMMBIC C MOBepxHOCTH (mlecHeBeszle, c MaATHaMH, TOUIME, Hegopa3BuTbIe) Hw We- cbexrst spa BHYTpeHHHe — OOHapy>xMBaIoTCA Mocne pa3sManbBaHHa WIM _PaCKYChIBAHHA (MpOpocMIMe, OKUCIMBIINECA, TOpbKue M OD.). Sapo opexa Kewpt0 yNaKoBBIBaiT B ECTaHBIe OaHKM, KOTOpBIC T0- cae yaeHHa 3 HX BO3LyXa 3aNOSHAIOT DHOKCHAOM yriepona. Sro Mmpexoxpanser OT NporopkaHus xup opexa. XpanaT AApo Opexa KeMIbIO TEPMETHYHO yNaKOBaHHBIM B XCCTAHDIC 6anKu, B CYxHx, C xopomeit BeHTWIalMel CcKaqax npn Temnepatype S—6°C u oTHocuTenbHO BAaXKHOCTH BOs,yxa He BITE 80%. Spo rpeyKkoro opexa. B nameii crpane rpeyKne opexn BEIpanMBa- 1OT B }OXHHIX paiiowax. B KOHAMTepCKOM MIpoHSBOACTBe APO TpeuKOTO Opexa MpAMeHseTCH CpaBHMTeAbHO pexe, ¥eM AzpO MHHTAIA, hyHAyKa, Kew. STO cBs3a- HO CO CKJOHHOCTHO xKHpa, ConepxKauleroca B sApe, K MporopKaHuio, oco$eHHo TipH vcnoH30BaHHM B OOxKapeHHOM HM pacTeprom Buye. Anpo Tpeuxoro opexa Gonee MIMpoKO NpHMeHseTcA B MpOH3BOACTBe BOCTOU- HBIX CnayocTeit M CpaBHHTeABHO Mao B MpoMsBorCTBe KOHCpeT, Kapa- MeJIH MW MYYHBIX H3qerMi (oTMenKa Topros). B KOH_HTepcKHe M3qemKa Apo TpelKOrO Opexa BBOAAT B ApO6eHOM H pacTepToM BHye. Cueqyer MMETh B BURY, YTO KOHAMTEPCKHE M3eMHA C APOOACHEIM Opexom Co- XPaHSIOTCA 3HAUHTEIbHO JTYUIUC, YEM M3QeTHA, B KOTOPHIE BBeeHa pactepras Macca. Cocras spa rpeyxoro opexa (B %): xup — 45—77, 6enox — 8— 21, caipaa KneruarKa — oKon0 4, 301a — oKo10 2, Boqa —oKono 4. Aapo rpeukoro opexa 0 KayeCTBEHHbIM NOKasaTenIM pasnensioT Ha BRICWHH HM WepBbiit COpT. Tlo opranoacntwucckHM moKasaTensM K s—py rpeukoro opexa TpemBABIGOT CHeayiouMe Tpebosanua. Buewunit Buy] — uerbIe aqpa H MOJOBHHKH HOPM@IbHO pa3BHTHIe, 300poRbIe, spo Ha M3aOMe Ges0e HJM C X€JTBIM OTTEHKOM. Bxyc HM 3alaXx, CBOHCTBEHHEIe rpelKOMy ope- xy, 6e3 nocropoHHx mpusKycos a 3amaxos, Maccosas joms Baarn ue Gonee 7%. Apo rpeyxoro opexa cnenyeT xpaHuTb B CYKUX YHCTHIX, BEHTHIM- PYEMBIX CKaqaX, HE MMCIOWIMX MOCTOPOHHENO 3amaxa, He 3apax%KCHHEIX BPeqUTeIAMM, pM TeMMepatype He BLIMe 20°C, 6e3 pesKux Koneba- HHH, pw OTHOCHTeNBHO BraxKHOCTH BOsLyxa He bonee 70%. Anpo apaxuca. Apaxuc BbIpauiMBaloT B FOXHBIX palioHax Halleit crpanp (YKpanna, Cesepupiit Kapxa3, Cpequas A3sua), a TaKxKe BBO- 4139T M3 HeExoTOpbix cTpah Asum wu Adpuku. Ero wHorga Ha3biBaloT 3eM- JITHEIM OpexoM. ITO cBH3aHO C TEM, YTO ero MIO_bI — 6o6n pasBuBa- WOTCS Mow semnewt. 3aBa3b NOCAe UBETCHHA HAKMOHAETCA K 3EMI€ MH yT- ay6nsaetca B nouBy Ha 7—10 cM, me HM MpOuCXO_UT pasBUTHe NOAA. Tlnogei apaxvica cogepxat no 7Ba — YeTbIpe AApa HM NOKppITsI Cpas- HUTeNbHO MsITrKOl JepeBaHicTOi wepoxoBaTo O6on0UKO. Agpo apa- XMCa MIOKPSITO OpaHKeBOM WIM TEMHO-KpacHOli KOKKILCH. B 3aBMcumocTu oT Maccs Go6a M CeMaH B HEM apaxvc nompasqersa- WOT Ha Ba THA: WIMHHOWIOQHBI M KOpOTKOMOgHHI. B KOH_HTepCKOM MIPOMBINIeHHOCTH apaxHC UCHOH3y!0T B IpOH3- BOCTBE KOH(PeT, KaJIBHI, KAPaMeJIM MH BOCTOYHHIX CrayocTeH. Tlaogsi cbiporo apaxnca HMe1oT HenpHaTHH GoGosnii npKBKyc, 10- TOMY apaxHc NpHMeHsIOT B OOxapeHHOM Buge. Tlocne o6:kapxH He- npHaTHsit mpuBkyc mponagaer. Jromy mponeccy o6maropaxnranad BkyCa apaxuca cnoco6crayeT npeqBapuTerbHas mepex o6xapKoi O6pa- Gorka pacrsopoM noBapeHHoit comm. Apaxuc MCnOAb3yi0T KaK B pac- TepTOM BHC Wid MpHOTOBJICHHA MPaHHe, XaIBbi WM T.., TAK HM B BH- de npo6nenoro (Kpynku), KOTOpy!O BROAAT B WOKOMAT, TPHIbaxK HM BOC- ToUHBIe CiaqocTn. Xumuuecknii cocras apaxuca (B %): BaaxKHOCTh supa — oKon0 10; 2p — oKono 42, Genox —/go 22, yraesone — oxox0 13. Kyxxyrt. B wameli crpane KyHxyT BHPpamMBaioT Ha Yxpanue, Kasxasze u 8 Cpeaueit Asan. CemMeda KYHXKyTa HCNOJIb3y10T KaK OCHOB- HOC ChIPbe MPH H3POTOBJICHHH TaXHHHOH XaBbl M BOCTOUHBIX C/lao- creit, Pasamuator cemena UCTHIPEX OCHOBHBIX WBCTOB: 6enoro, 2KesITONO, KpacHoro H YepHoro. ILnoa KyHXyTa UpexCTaBAKeT CObOH MIOCKY10 BEI- TaHYTy1IO KOpOGouKky, B KOTOPOH HaXO_ATCH OUeHb MesIKHe OnecTAMHE ceMeHa, Macca OqHOrO cemeHH oKOT0 3 mr. CemeHa MOKpHTH TOHKOit o6on0uKolt. Cocras kywxyta (B %): soga — 5, xup — 50—60, asorn- cTsie Benjecrsa — 20—30, xKneruatka — 8, MuHeparbHBIe BeLecT- Ba — 4, Cemena KyHxyTa XpaHAT B CK1aqaXx, KOTOpHIe JOMKHBI OnITh UHC- THIMM CyxuMu, Ges MOCTOpoHHUX 3anaxoB M He 3apaxKeHHBIMM amOap- HBEIMH BpeMTCAMH. TlogcoaneunmK. Togconnewnnk sBupauMBaior B WeCHTpabHbIX M JOXHBIX palioHax Hale Crpanel. B mponssoqcTBe xaBA MCHOAbSyIOT saqpo, KOTOpoe NomyyaloT nocre yaanenua oGomouKu. Pasnuuaior TPH BHA MOACOMHeUHKA: MACAMUHBI, rpbisOBoit HM MexeyMoK. HanGonee WERHDIMH WAX KOHAHTEPCKOTO MPOM3BOACTBA ABASIOTCH MaCIHUHB H MexeyMox. Ilo MacnMUHOCTH CeMeHH TIOACOAHeUHMK No“pasneAsOT Ha BeIcoKoMacAMUHIt (Gonee 43% xKupa), cpéaHemacamunbiit (or 37 20 43% -xupa) W HN3KOMaCIMMHB (Hue 37% xupa). Kpome xupa, B MOACOAHEYHMKe TpescTapaseT WeHHocTs GenoK. CymmMapHoe comepxa- HMe xXUpa H Genka Kone6neTca B npegenax 71—85%. Us supa nog- comHeuHHKa MpHroronsiot xamBy. Cema NOXCOAHCYHHKa, UCTIOMb3ye- 42MOe€ B KOHJHTCPCKOM MPOM3BOUCTBE, HE DOA%*KHO o6aanaTb 3aTXJIbIM, TWICCHEBEJIBIM HAH DPYTHMH NMOCTOPOHHHMH 3aMaxaMH H HE JOJDKHO 6nITh 3apaxeHO aMGapHBIMM BpeAMTeTAMH. B nocnequme rogbl HayanM MCNOMb3OBaTb pacTepToe Apo NONCON- HEUHHKA B MpOHSBOUCTBe KOH(peT, Kapamesn, Bacher u Apaxe. Ero 06- 2kapHBaloT mpu Temnepatype 100—115°C s reuenue 10—12 mun. IIpu 9TOM MaCCOBaa TOA CYXHX BEMIECTR 3HAYMTETBHO MOBBINAeTCH HM CO- crapaset 98,8%. O6xapenuble a4pa H3MeNbUaIOT Ha BaJIbIOBOM MeJIb- HHUC. Pacrepty1o MaCCy HCHOJIb3y1OT B HAYMHKAX JIA KapaMeyM HW Ba- chen, a TaKxKE BBOJAT B KOpmyca apaxe u KoHder. Ucnompsopanne spa MOXCOAHCUHHKA MO3BOAKET MOTyYaTH KOHAKTepCKHe W3NeNMA C TpHaTHBIM chemucbuueckHM BKycoM. HenocTaTKoM 3TOrO BHAa ChIpbs SBIACTCA OrpaHHYCHHBI CpoK ero xpaHeHua. Io oT0 mpHumHe mepc- NeKTHBHee pyrol, HOBI, BHA CbIPps, MOMyyaeMbili Ha OCHOBe NOA- comHeuHHka. STO KpynKa MoAconHeuHad NMMeRad, KOTOpy10 MpHrOTOB- ASOT NYTEM H3MeMbYeCHHA TOACOMHEYHOTO Wwpota. Oa COnepKUT OKO- to 40% wcunoro 6eaxa n 6—7% xupa. 1.6. MONOKO HW MONOUYHBIE NPOAYKTbI B TIPOHSBOACTBe MHOFHX KOHJHTeCpCKHX waqernit HCNOAb3ylOT 3Ha- UMTEJIbHBIC KONMYUCCTBa MOJIOKa HM MHOTHX BHXOB MOJIOUHBIX MPOLYKTOB. TIpUMeHs¥OT KOPOBbE MOJIOKO KaK B HaTypa/IbHOM Bue, TAK H TIPOLYK- Tal ero mepepa6oTKH (06e3xKMPeHHOe MONOKO, CIMBKM, CbIBOpOTKa 4 T.0.). UcnoabsyioT M pa3ziMuHBe KOHCepBMpoBaHHBIe BHR MOs0Ka (crymleHHoe c caxapom mM 6e3 caxapa, cyxoe H Ap.). Momoko MopBbinaer MHMeBy!O WeHHOCTh KOHAHTepCKHX M3—CrHit. S10 CBA3aHO C TEM, 4YTO B MOJOKO BXOZAT BCE Heo6xoquMBIe aaa TOR- epxkaHwnad XKH3HH BeUeECTBA B COOTHOMICHHAX HM copMe, 6aaronpHaT- HBIX JJIX YCBOCHHA OPraHH3MOM H NOCTPOCHHs ero TkaHeit. Mox0Ko Kopospe. Koposbe Mon0Ko — mpowyKT cekKpelMM Moz04u- HBIX KENIC3 KOPOBHI. OHO’ ABIIAETCA ICHHEIM TMIeBbIM MpoayKTOM. Mo- OKO mpeqctaBrset co6oit pacrBop MomO4HOTO caxapa M CoueH, B KOTO- POM B KOMIOMAHOM COCTOaHHM HAaxOAaTCA GemKOBBIe BeUeCTBA H 2K B Bue MembuaiuMx mapHKoB pasMepom 0,5—20 mKM. MosoKo cogep- OKT BORY, OeAKH, YPICBOUbI, %*KMP, MHHEpanbHbIe BeUIECTBAa, BATAMH- Hbi, (bepmenTH. Maccopas oad 3TAX COCTaBHBIX YaCTeH B KOPOBbCM MOJIOKe HCMOCTOSHHa H Kone6seTca B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3/IMUHBIX qpaxtopos B cnegyomux npegenax (B %): xup — 3,0—5,0, 6enku — 3,5—4,0, yraesogs (1aKTo3a) —4,6—5,0, MHHepanbHBIe BemlecT- Ba — 0,7—0,8; maccopas no1a cyxux Bemects — 11—13%. B Konau- TepCKOit NPOMBINICHHOCTH Aa BCCX pacueTOB MIpHHATA MaccoBad HO1a cyxux Bemjects Mosoxa 11,5%. Han6oree vewHolt cocrasHoi yacrbio MonOKa sBrsiorca GenKku. OxM uMeloT B CBOEM COcTaBe BCe HEOOXOZMMBIe aMUHOKHCIOTH. Kup B aMOJIOKE, KaK OTMCUATIOCh BhIMe, HAXORUTCA B BHC B3BECHICHHBIX MCJIb- waiiumx mapnxos. Ax Koawuectso B | cm? zocruraet 3 Mapa, a o6ulas NOBEpXHOCTb coctaBaset 0,6 Mm’, OrHm o6ycoBazeHa BBICOKaA ycBOAC- MOCTb MoAOUHOTO %*Hpa. Mpa croaHMM >%KUpoBBIe WApPHKH MOzOKa TOA- HHMAWOTCA Ha TOREPXHOCTh, Obpasys cnoit cnuBoK. OgHoit u3 xapaK- TEPHHIX OCOKEHHOCTEH %KMPHOKMCAOTHOTO COCTaBa MOMOYHOFO XKHpa SB- aiaerca Hanuuwe B HEM MacaaHol KucnoTH C,H,O,. Kup cnocobex THApOMMs0BaTECH C BbICTEHHeM CBOGONHDIX XHPHHX KucHOT. [pu 3TOM NOMBIAETCH Xryynit BKyC, CBOHCTReHHH MacmAHOH KHCIOTE. Kak w apyrve xMpsI, MONOUHDIT Kup MOXeT MporopkaTb B pesyAbTAaTe OKMCAMTETbHBIX HM APYTHX MPOUeccoB, BOSHUKAIOUIX Mpa XpaneHHu. Mosounpit caxap — AaKtTosa npeqctapaset cool aucaxapHy Ha OC- HOBE TOKO3BI M ranaKTOSH. JlakTOsa BCTPeYacTCA B IPHpoe TOALKO B MONOKe XKHBOTHHX. [loa BANSHMeM BHICOKOM TeMMepaTypH (BapKa CH- pora, BbINeuKa) NPOMCXOAUT KapaMeNH3aQMa AAKTOSH, NposBAsiOMad- C3 B NOABAeHMM ChenMipHYeCKON OKpacKH TONTeHOTO MosoKa. JlaKToOsa Fp MONOYHOKHCIOM 6poxeHHM MpeBpamiaeTca B MOTOYHYIO KUCAOTY. Jipoxxamn AaKxtosa ne cOpaxusaetca, B-cocras MMHepabHLIx BemjectB Bxogat Ca, K, Mg, S, P, Cl, Feu 30 40 muxpoonemeHTos. Mozoxo Gorato sutamunHamu. Kpome toro, MOJOKO CONEPKUT HEKOTOPOE KOAMUECTBO Taz00Hpa3zHBIX BEMIECTB (KHC- AOpon, az0T, aAMOKCHA yraepona). IIpH KuNa¥eHHH MONOKa ra3bl BbUIC- nayorTes 4 OGpasyloT neHy. B nponsporcrse o6sr4HO MCrOmb3y:OT MOMOKO MacTepH30BaHHOe. Tlacrepw3aumio MOomOKa OcymlecTB.AsOT ero HarpeBaHMeM HHXxe TeMITe- patypbi KuneHus. Tp taxoit o6pa6orke nourH nomHocTEO norH6awr BCe MUKPOOpraHH3MBl. OgHaKO HX CHlopbl OCTaIOTCA %MSHECHOCOOHEIMH, Ha MonouHerx 3aB0gax MOOKO monBeprawT HOpManHsayuM 10 xxupHoctu. Conepxanue xxupa nyTem o6paGorKH Ha cemapaTopax, 10- 6apnennem O6e3KHPeHHOTO MOMIOKAa WIM CAMBOK OBORIT 40 onpene- aeHHO HopMnl. Tlactepw30RaHHOe MONOKO pa3zMuaIOT 110 2KMpHOCTH: 2,5; 3,2 1 6%. Oawoit u3 raaBHEIx KaveCTBeHHHIX XapaKTepHCTHK MOTOKa aBaeTCA ero KucnorHoctb. Kixcnornocts Bipaxator B rpagycax Tepxepa — Ko- amuectBo ky6mueckHx CauTuMeTpos 0,1 #. rHapOKCHa HATpHA HAH Ka- aM, Heltrpanm3yiomux 100 cm? Mosoxa. KucnoruocTs cRexKero Mom0Ka coctasaset 16—18°T. Monoko ¢ noBHeHHolt KHCROTHOCTHIO (BHIE 26°T) mp kunaueHMM cBeprbiBacTca, NOITOMy OHO HeNpHrogHO aH TIpOusBOACTBa MpHCa, MOOUHBIX KOHCpeT, MOTO4HO! KapaMenH HT. n. Tlepeq ucnomb30BaHvem MONOKO O6szaTeNbHO MpoMexHBAaIOT Yepes CH- TO C OTBepcTHaMM paaMepoM He Gonee 1 MM. Tlacrepu30BaHHOe MONOKO, MOCTyNAIOIICe B MPOMSROCTRO, AODKHO COOTBETCTROBaTh CleqyOWMM TpeGosaHHaM. Tlo BHeMHeMy BHTy 4 KOHCHCTEHUMM — OJHOpoMHas XHAKOCTb Ges ocaaKxa. Bxyc w aanax — uxctpiit 6e3 nocropoHHHx, useT Semi. Maccopaa fons 2%Kpa Ayia MO- 44\ \ moka pasimuHoi KaTeropaw x%xMpHocTH oT 2,5 0 6%. [nornocts or 1024 no 1027 xr/m’, KucaoTHocTb He BEIe 20—21°T. Temnepatypa 0—8°C, Monoko cryujenHoe u cyxoe. CrymeHHoe 4 Cyxoe MOJIOKO IIMpOKO MIPHMeHSIOT pH BHIPAGoTKe MOUTH BCEX KOHAUTEPCKHX H3enHit. Crymennoe MoaoKO. BupabaTsiBaioT Tpex BHIOB: MO10KO WEABHOE CryUIeHHOe C CaXaPOM, MOMOKO HerbHOe crymeHHoe bes caxa- Pa, KOTOpOe BBINYCKAIOT CTepHH30BAHHHIM B OaHKax, M MOJIOKO He- OKMpHOe, CrynyeHHoe ¢ caxapom. Caxap 206aBAs10T B cryueHHOe MOvIO- KO Kak KOHCepBaHT, MIpH 3TOM UaCTb BIarM BeiapwBaetca. OcHoBHEIM CbIPbEM 1A LeMbHOTO crymleHHOrO MOsOKa ABIAeTCA MacrepHsoBaHHOe MonOKO. OgHakO CryMleHHOe WeTbHOe MOAOKO MOXHO BHIpabaTHBATS ¢ HCNOAb30BaHHEM CHMBOK HM OGe3:%KHPeHHOTO MouIOKa. CrymleHHoe MOJOKO C CaxXapOM MpHrOTOBIaOT NyTeM yBapHBaHHs NOX BaKYyMOM MacTepHs0BaHHOrO MonOKa ¢ AOGaBAeHMeM caxapHoro cupona. Tocne ysapHBanua nonyyeHHntit mpoayktT oxmaxqaloT H pas- ampator B Tapy. IIpH oxnaxXqeHHM MONOKa, KOTOPOe MpOBO_AT B He- CKOMbKO CTaqHii, MpOMCXOMHMT YaCTHUHad KPHCTaMIM3allHA MaKTOSbI (momouHoro caxapa), Tlocraquiinoe oxaxfeHue MONOKa mO3BO7KeT TONYYHTS AaKTOSy B BHC MeIKHX KpHcTayos: CrymenHe MomoKa ¢ CaXapoM HepeAKO NPOMSBROLAT HenocpencTBeHHO Ha KOHAMTepCKUX cba6- pHKax. Moaoxo crymlenHoe 6e3 caxapa mocie yBapwBaHMa mon BaKyyMOM mogBepraioT romorenwsaumn (paszpo6meHMI0 XMpOBHIX WapHKOB), a MOCNe OXaKTCHHA MH TEPMCTHYHOPO YNaKOBbIBAHHA B XKCCTAHBIC 6an- KA — cTepw3anHH. Kauecrso Momoka crym[eHHoro ¢ CaxapOM 10.1XHO COOTBETCTBOBATb caenyroumum TpeGosanmam. Bkyc a 3amax — cilagkKue, 4MCTHe, C BhIpa- 2XKCHHBIM BKYCOM HaCTCpH30BaHHOMO MOVIOKa, 6e3 MOCTOPOHHHX NPHBKy- CoB M 3aNaxos, a 4714 CrepHMaoBaHHOrO Ge3 caxapa — xapaKTepHBiit C1aAKOBATO-COOHOBATHI, CBOMCTBeHHSI TONNeHOMy MomOKy 6e3 1O- cTOpoHHero mpuBKyca mM .3anaxos. User — Genii c KpeMoBEIM OTTeH- KOM, PaBHOMEpHIM M10 BCéit Macce. Y HexKMPHOTO MOOKa DOMycKaeTca cwHeBaTHit 1 cnerka 6yposaTniit orreHoK. Koxcucrenuma ognopoqnas nO BCel Macce. Tina cCryWieHHOMO MO0Ka C CaxXapOM AONycKaeTCa My4- HHCTOCTh HW HE3HAUHTCIBHBI OCaqOK aKTO3bI. Maccopas m01a cyxux BelecTB 1A CryWCHHOTO MOsOKa C caxapoM WebHOTO He MeHee 73,5%, oa HexupHoro 70%, a wa Mogoka cry- myeHHoro 6¢3 caxapa He Menee 25,5%. Maccosas gous caxapa He Me- Hee cooTseTcTBeHHO 43,5% aa wenbHoro H 44% aa HexHMpHOTO. Kpome caxapo3bl, cryieHHOe MOJOKO COMepKHT WakTO3y, KONMUECTBO KOTOpO CreayeT YUHTHIBATb IPH pacueTe MacckI OOmlero Caxapa B KOH- AWTEPCKMX M3qeIMAX. Moaoxo crymjeHHoe ¢ caxapom 6e3 caxapa cremyer xpaHMTs npu temnepatype 0—10°C u orHocuTenbHOM BAaKHOCTH BOSAyXa He BBIME 4585%, a aia HexupHOTO MONOKa He BRE 75%. Ip aTHx ycnoBMax CpoK XpaHcHHs qIa CryMIcHHOTO WebHOTO MONOKa, ynaKoBaHHOrO B repMeruunyio Tapy, He Gonee 12 Mec, a QA ynaKOBaHHOTO He B rep- MeTHUHYyIO Tapy — He Gonee 8 mec co AHA BHIpaborKu. B KoHANTEpCKOH MPOMbIILIeHHOCTH BCe Goee UIMPOKO NpHMeHsOT GecrapHoe TpaHcMop- THpOBaHMe M XpaHeHue CrymeHHOTO MOJOKa B UMCTeEpHAX, Cyxoe moxoko. Toayuawr nyrem spicymimpania WerbHOrO 1 o6eaxKApeHHOrO MonOKa. BsicyuMBaKMe nponsBo_uTca B cymIMKaXx UByX BHO KOHCTPYKUMI: BaNbYOBLIX H pacnBMTenbHBIX. Ha Babl0- BBIX CYWWKaX NPHMCHMIOT TAK Ha3blBaeCMy!0 “KOHTAKTHYWO“ CyuIKy. B 9TOM CIYYae MONOKO HaTYPAIbHOe MAH MpeqBapATeAbHO HeECKOABKO yBapeHHoe B BaKyyM-annapaTax HaHOCST TOHKHM Cu10eM Ha MogorpeBa- emy!0 MapOM NOBepxHOCTS NoAOrO UMAMHApa. Bona, conepxaulasca B MOJOKE, MOUTH NOAHOCTHIO UCHapseTCA, a OGpasyronlascs TIeHKa CUH- INAeTCA C UMAIMHApA CNenMaIbHHM MpHieratoMMm K ero HOBepxHocTH cxpe6xom. Toayuaromeecs cyxoe MOJOKO MMeeT BH TIeHKM M pagMa- auiBaerca B nopomox. [pa cymKe B pacnblinTenbHHX CyuIMAKaX MO- OKO 3aKauMBaioT uepes dopcyHKy B Gombiyo KaMepy, B KOTOpOIL UMpkysMpyeT ropsuMit Bostyx. BpicyWieHHOe MO/IOKO MaqaeT Ha THO KaMepbI B BAe Nopomika. Tlpw pacnbuintenpuolt cyuiKe yaaeTCs OCTHTHYTh MHHMMasIbHOTO BOSACHCTBAA HA MOJIOKO BICOKOH Temnepatypm. Comepxamiueca B MO- JOKe BeMecTBa B MeHbIleH creneHH eHarypupywicsd, KH TakOe cyxoe MOJIOKO JYUMe, YEM NOTyYeHHOe KOHTAKTHON CyWKOH, NoAMaeTca npo- neccy “socctaHopnenua*. Tak Ha3bBaloT ObpaTHptit cymiKe mpouecc CMeUIMBaHHA CyXOTO MOJIOKa C BONOM C UeAbH) MOMYYATb NpORYKT, Ha- TOMHHAIOMIKit HATYPaTbHOe MOsOKO. Lenbxoe CyXO€ MOJIOKO JOJDKHO MM€Tbh KHCIOTHOCTh Mocme BOCCTa- HOBNeEHHSA He BhiNne 22°T, LlembHOe cyxoe MOAOKO NOApasyeMOT Ha Ba COpTa B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT Ka4¥eCTBa NO OpraHoneNTHYCCKHM NOKasa- TeAAM M Ha 1Ba Bua B 3aBMCUMOCTA OT xMpHOCTH: 20 u 25% %*uUpHO- ctu. Maccosas DONA BATH Wit pa3sHYHEIX BAQOB CyxOrO WeAbHOTO H o6e3xKupeHHOro!Mo0Ka JomKHAa 6nITb He Gomee 7%. TIpH yuaKoBbiBaHKM TaKOTO MOMIOKa B Tapy C MOMITHICHOBbIMK BKaIbIINAMH BaKHOCTS DOWKHA 6HTb ele HOKE: Aa MOnOKa pacmEi- auTexbHOM cymKH He Goree 4%, a Aa MoTOKa NAeHOUHOTO HE Gonee 5%. Bxyc m 3anax yOuKHH GpITb CBOHCTBEHHEI MPH pacnbBLIMTeNbHOlt cyike CBexeMY NaCTepH30BaHHOMy MOMOKy (119 O6e3x%xMpeHHOTO — o6esxKMpeHHOMy) M MpH MIeHOUHO cymke KuNaYeHOMy MonOKy. Cy- X0€ MOJIOKO NO BHEMMHeMy BHAY AOWKHO MperctaBaaTs Cobo MerKui, cyxoit nopomox G6eoro ¢ KpeMoBbiM OTTeHKOM upeTa. [pv micHouHOii cylike qonyckaetca Kpemosniit user. Cyxoe MoOKO ynakoBaHHoe B Tapy C MOMITHICHOBHIM BKaqbI- WIeM, CIeyeT XpaHATb MpH Temuepatype go 10°C. [pu atom orHocH- TCAbHAad BNAXKHOCTh BOSAYKa He DOAKHA SpITb BEL. 85%. Cyxoe mo- 46AOKO B Tape C BKAaqbIeM M3 NepraMcHta WAM WeANoOdaHa HaqO xpa- HATb Op Yemnepatype no 20°C. IIpu stom oTHOCHTebHad BIaXKHOCTD Bosqyxa B CKnane NONKHA GbITh He BbIne 75%. Tipu srax ycnosuax MOJIOKO MOXHO XpaHuTs JO 3 Mec co WHA BbIpaGOTKH. CaMBKM CBe2xKHE, CryLeHHbIe C CaxapoM HM cCyxne. CAMBKaMM Ha3bi- BalOT MONOUHEI MpOyKT C BICOKHM COepxKaHHeM Xkupa, NOAyYaembllit cellapuposaHuem MosoKa. Ceexue (macTepuH30BaHHbie) CAMBK UM. BripabaTHBalr Tpex BHIOB, pasiMYaIOMIMXxca NO conepxaHHO xupa — 10, 20 u 25%. B KoHaMTepcKOM MpOHsBOACTBe MaCTepHsOBAHHBIe CIMBKH HaXOAAT CPaBHUTEJIbHO OrpaHHUCHHOE NPHMCHEHHE. Yame MCMOMb3YHOT KOHCEp- BKPOBaHHbIe CAMBKH (crymeHHbIe C cCaxapoM, Cyxve MH CyxHe C CaxapoM WM CyXHe BbICOKOXHpHEe). CMBKH CryleHHbIe C CaxapoM BbipabaTbIBa- HOT 43 CBCKMX NaCTCPH3OBaHHBIX CIMBOK WIM U3 CMCCH CBEXKHX CIMBOK 4 MOOKAa MYTEM BbINaPHBAHHS YacTH BOWK WH KOHCEPBAPOBAHUS BBETC- Huem caxapa. Cyxme CAMBKH BCX BHAOB NONyYaIOT MyTeM BbICyUIMBa- HHS MaCTepH30BAHHBIX CAMBOK HM KOPOBbCTO MOz0Ka. Tlo opravonentuueckHM NoKagaTe4M CAMBKM crymleHHIe C caXa- POM, CIHBKH CyxHe, CyxHe C CaxapoOM H CYXHe BbhICOKOXKHPHbIC DOJDKHbI YAOBeTBOpATS cAeAyIOuMM TpeboBaHHaM. Ja CrymieHHDIX CAMBOK — BKYC CqaqKHii ¢ BbIpaxKeHHOM nacrepHsauMel, 6e3 NOcTOPOHHMX npH- BKYCOB MW 3allaxa. Tina CyXHX CMBOK — CBOHCTBCHHBI TlacTePpH30BaH- HBIM CAMBKaM, 6€3 MOCTOpOHHHX MpuBKycoB H 3anaxa. Jaa mepsoro copra qolyckaeTca MpuBKyc mepenacrepu3alMu, omaBAeHHorO xMpa, caa6srit KopMosoit HM cna6ocamncTeili. Koncncren qua: 41a crytyeHHElx CMBOK — HOpMaAbHOBA3Kas (CTMBKM PaBHOMepHO CTeKAaIOT CO wMaTe- as), OWHOpOyHasd 110 Bceit macce, 6e3 OMLyMaeMbIX A3K1KOM KPHCTAJLIOB MOJOYHOIO Caxapa; ‘Aa CYXHX CMBOK — MCJIKHH CyXOM MOpOLIOK. User yas cryujeHHbix CAMBOK Genbiti, Ax cyxHx — 6espiit C KpeMOBbIM OTTCHKOM, PaBHOMepHBI mo Bcel Macce. Maccopas yom4 Bilara qa CrYIMCHHBIX CIMBOK He BEIMe 26%, a WIM CyxXHX CIMBOK B 3aBHCHMO- CTH OT yMaKOBbIBaHUa: MpH HerepMeTHUHO! — He Gonee 7%, a mp TepmeTuuHoli — He 6onee 4%, a Wa CAMBOK CYXMX BBICOKOXKHPHBIX HC Bue 2%. Causku crymennpe c caxapom. Mx cnenyer xpaHHTs pu Temmepatype we Baume 10°C u OTHOCHTeMbHOM BIAXKHOCTH BOSTYxAa He Bone 75%. Jlonyckaetca xpaHenwe crymeHHBIX C CaxXapoM C/IMBOK npa Temnepatype He Bae 20°C He Gonee 90 qHelt. Cauesku cyxme (spicoxoxnpupre). Ux xpanaT mpu Temmepa- Type He Bbime 10°C mM OTHOCHTeNbHOM BIaKHOCTH BO3TyXa HE BILE 10%. B KowANTepcKOM MpousBogcTBe paspemaior 3aMcHy OfHHX MoOm0U- HX npogykTos apyrumu. Tip stom Haqo cobmO_aTb DBA OCHOBHEIX NOAOXKeHMA: IPM BCAKOM 3aMeHe O6a3aTeEMbHO COXpaHATS comepxKaHHe Cyxoro o6e3xMpeHHOTO OCcTaTKa MOnOKa M OOmIee KONMYeCTBO CyXHX 47 eee eee eaeBemecrB NpH 3amMeHe DoDKHO SHIT nocTOsHHEIM. B cBa3H di oTHM TIpH 3AMEHaX, B KOTOPBIX MCNOMb3yIOT OGE3KUPEHHOE MONOKO, /BROAAT TO- NOAHMTebHO MOJOUHEI KK, OOHUHO B Be cMBOUHOTO Macna. Ec 2XX€ MPHMCHAIOT CAMBKM, TO M3 PCIeNTYPH COOTBCTCTBCHHO H3bIMaIOT MonounBit xup. Tlostomy CAMBKH MOXHO BBOAMTb BJaMeH MOJIOKA TONKO B TAKMe BUA H3JeNMi, B KOTOPHX MpenycMorpeno BBeyeHUe CmMBOUHOTO Macna. Takxe mph 3aMeHe CHeayeT YUHTHIBATb Caxaposy, COMepxAMLyIOCA B CIYWICHHOM MONOKE HAM CrYWICHHEIX CAMBKAX, T. C. HOH ObITh COOTBETCTBEHHO yMeHbUIeHa peueNTypHad HOsHpOBKa Ca- xapa. TipoxykTb! 43 MONONHOH CbIBOpoTKH. B KOHAMTeEpCKO BpOMBI- JCHHOCTH MCMONb3YIOT B KAYCCTBE ChIPbaA Pa3/IMUHbIC BUAbI MOJOUHOK cpipoporku. Paspa6orani pay peuentyp Ha pasHbic BYE KONAUTED-, CKMX M3e7Mi C TIpMMeHEHMeM MONOUHOM CHIBOPOTKH H COOTBETCTBEHHO TEXHOMOTHNCCKHE UHCTPYKUMM AIA UX MPOHSBOACTBA. Jlaa KowquTepcKolt MpoMpunnecHHOCTH npeqHasHayeHbl CreAyrouHE BHJbI CHBOPOTKM MOTOUHOM: “CrrBOpoTKa MOIOUHAd KOHLCHTPHpOBaH- nasa“, “Cproporka monouHas crymeHnas“, “Cprsoporka MonouHasd cryWeHHad c caxapom“, “CripoporKa MO0UHaS CKBaIIeHHasd cry meH-. Haa“ 4 “CrBopoTka MOmOUHad Cyxaa. CuBopoTKka MOJO4HAA KOHUCHTPHPOBAHHAR. Ory. CLIBOPOTKY NOApasyeaMOT HA CACAYIOMHC BHI: CbIBOPOTKa MOOUHAR KOHWeHTpHpoRaHHad ozceipHas (CMKIT) c maccopol yonei cyxux Be- mects 13, 20 u 30%, cbpoporka MOMO“HAaA KOHUCHTPHpoBaHHad TBO- poxuaa (CMKT) c maccosoit none cyxux semects 13, 20 u 30%, CBIBOPOTKa MOJOUHAA KOHUCHTPHpOBaHHad nNoNCHpHad cOpoxcHHad (CMKII C6) c maccosoit gonei cyxux Bemects ToAbKO 30%, chiBOpoT- Ka MONOUHAG KOBLCHTpHpoBaHHas c caxapom (CMKIIC) c maccosoit qose cyxux semects 52,5, 65,0, 75,0 1 90,0%, chpoporka mon0uHast KOHUCHTpupoBanHas Cc caxapom (CMKTC) c maccospoli mone cyxux seuects 52,5, 65,0, 75,0 1 90,0%. K xauectsy CbIBOpOTKH MOAOUHOM KOHLEHTPHpOBaHHOH NpeAbABIA- roca. cnenyroumne TpeGopanusa. Bxyc mM 3anax Wid KOHUCHTpHpOBaHHOH 6e3 caxapa — 4MCTHI KMCHOMOAOYHDI, Clerka COseHbI, a Qa KOH- WeHTpMpoBaHHOM c caxapoM uMcTHIi, KHCcnO-coagKuil. [[pet B macce OWHOPOMHEI, CBETIO-XeTHI C 3eNeHOBaTHIM oTTeHKOM. Koncucren- WMT Wt KOMWeHTPUpoBaRHOH Gea caxapa — TeKy¥ad XMIKOCTH, a AIA KOHUECHTPHpORaHHON C caxapoM — Ba3Kaa OMHOpOAHad Macca. B CEBO- POTKe HOPMHpyIOTCs MaCcOBas NOMA CYXHX BEDIECTB M MaKTOSbI, a TAK~ 2K€ KHCIOTHOCTD, CuBopotka MONOUHAS CrymenHas. Sry cpBoporKy BEIpaGaTERaIOT YeTHPeX BUTOB: CHBOPOTKa MOMOUHAS CryuleHHad TOA- ceipHaa (CMCII), cpisoporka MOa0UHad cryWieHHas TBOpOxKHad (CMCT), celBoporka Momo4uHasd crywieHHas nopcbipHas cOpoxecHHas (CMCT] C6) u cpwoporka MonouHaa crymeHHas c caxapom (CMCC). 48\ Bce 97TH BAQbI CHIBOPOTKM crymleHHOM 6e3 caxapa BeIpabarbiBaloT C Maccosoit noNeH cyxux Bemects 40 u 60%, a cbiBoporKy crymjeHHyio ¢ caxapoM — c ‘MaccoBoit nomel cyxux Bemects 75%. Tpe6osanua k Ka- uecTBy 10 BKYCy, 3amaxy M UBeTy Te Ke, 4YTO M DIA CbIBOPOTKM KOH- | UeHTpHpoBaHHo, KoHcHcTeHUMa M BHEIUHM BHA WIA CHIBOpOTKH Cry- MleHHOH 6e3 caxapa c MaccoBoii Aoneli cyxux Bemects 40% — rexyyasa Macca, a 60% —rycras macca. [na CbrBOpOTKM CryMicHHOM ¢ caxa- poM — Tary¥as OAHOpoAHas Macca. Cusopotka cyxaa. Ory cHBOpoTKy mo_pasqensioT MO HC- TIOAbSYeMOMY CBIPbIO Ha Ba BHAA: CBIBOPOTKa MONOUHad Cyxas TOD- cpipHas (CMCyII) 4 cpiBoporka MOmO¥Had Cyxat TBOPOXxHas (CMCyT). Cpmoporky MonoUuHy!0 CyXyH MOACbIPHy!O B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ucnonbsyemoro JAX ee MpoMsBOgcTBa cyuMAbHOTO ObopygoBaHHa MoupasyqersoT Ha DBA THMa: pacnbWIMTeAbHO mM NeHOUHOM CyuIKH. CxiBoporky MOOUHY1O Cyxy10 TROPOXHY!O BEpAGATHIBAIOT TOKO pac- MIbLIMTeAbHOM CymIKOH. K kauecrBy cprBoporKH MOMOYHOM Cyxoi MpeabsBASIOT CremyIOMME Tpe6osanua. Bxyc “ 3anax — CraqKHii, ComOHOBaTHIM, CmerKa KHCIOBa- Tht, 6e3 nocropoHHUXx mpuBKycon uM 3anaxos. [per — oT 6enoro 20 xkenToro. KoHcHcTeHuMa — 21d CHIBOPOTKH pacnibuIMTeAbHOK cyuIKH MCJIKOPACIIbLICHHBIM, CyxOl MOpOMIOK, a AIX CBIBOPOTKH MWICHOUHON CyIKM CyxOH MOpomlOK H3 H3Mer_YeHHEIX KOMOUKOB. B cyxoli cBIBO- POTKe HOPMMpyHOTCa MACCORAM TOMA CYXMX BeLECTB H JAKTO3BI, KHC- AOTHOCTh MW pacTBOPHMOCTD. Tawxko3Ho-raaaktTo3HMi cupon. [Ipencrasnser cobon TIPOAYKT, OCHOBHOH YAaCTbIO KOTOPOrO ABAETCH CMECh Pa3HBIX KOJH- YeCTB TOKO3BI HM ranaKToOsH. Buorormueckas WeHHOCT TaKoli cMecu BHC, 4CM TPaaqWIWMOHHBIX CaXapOB, HCIIOMb3SYEMBIX B KOHAMTepckon MIPpOMBILJICHHOCTH, B coctas ero BXOWT, KPpOMe TOPO, aKTO3a, MHHE- PAJIbHBIe BEMIeCTBA, KHCJOTEIM HeKOTOPOe KOAMYECTBO aSOTHCTHX Be- mects. . Tas wsroToBAeHHa CHpOMa HCHOA3YIOT CBEXYIO MONOUHYO CbIBO- Porky, KOTOpy!0 MOsBeprawT KMCIOTHOMY WIM epMecHTaTHBHOMy rHI- pommsy. Tlo BHemHemMy BMY TTHOKO3HO-ranaKTOSHBIt cHpon npegcraBaseT coGoH Ba3ky!0 ONHOPOAHy!O NpOspayHylO XHAKOCTh, B KOTOpO Zory- ckaeTca HanMuHe B OCaaKe KpucTas0B raoKo3sbl. Bkyc cuporia 4YMcTO caaaknit, cnerka conogosnit. He yonyckaeTca mocropoHux nmpuBKyca u 3anaxa. L[per or xerToro AO KopHuHesoro. Maccopasx moma cyxHx BemecTs He MeHee 65%, B TOM uncre rOKOSHI He MeHee 25%. Hop- MMPYeTCa, KPOME TOPO, MIOTHOCTH, MaCCOBAT NOAA 3OMbI, a30THCTHIX BeUXCCTB, a TAK%C KHCOTHOCTH. Cupon xpansat npu temnepatype 10—25°C. 49