fh Woks | Ving
Gaia, tl,
Si a
Tatal Kaa
f Pies a
Wea Beg‘of Queretaro (May 15, 1967 and executed Emperor Marimiian
nine 19, 1857 (Ries shiny aniversary), Ths fled
out Emperor Napoeoa I's umbiton to clonize Lain Ameren.
In Rizal's times two European nations (lalians and Get-
san) siceeded in uniyng their own eowntes The Taka
Snder the leadership of Count Cavour and of Carbal ad
‘Army of Red Shir drove out the Attias and Pench armies
trom Hay and procaimcd the Kingdom ot aly under King
Vitor Emmanuel, with Rome a aptly” The Pras led
‘by Ono von Bamarck, the "ion Chancel”, detested France
it the FrancPrian War andextabahed the German Empire
Janay 1,181, with King Wile of Pri afr Kone
ts Geum Wi i een be Fans Pan
ar, Emperor Napolon IV's Second French "
‘nd over rin the Third French Repub arose, wih Asaph
There a rn Present
‘The times of Rizal saw the lowering of Wester imperialism
England emerged as the world's leading imperialist power. On
Account of her invincible navy and magnificent army, she was
fable to conquer many counties throughout the world: and to
‘establish a global colonial empure. Thus the British people during
the plonious reign of Queen Victoria. (1837-1901) proudly
asserted: “Britannia rules the waves.” By winning the Ftst
(pv War (1840-1842) against the tottering Chinese Empire
tnder the Manchu dynasty, she acquired the island of Hon
Kong (Fragraat Harbor). Inthe Second Opiuin War (18561860)
she wou again and forced the helpless Manchu dynasty to cede
the Kowloon Peninsula opposite Hong Kong. In 1859, ater
suppressing the Indian. Rebelion and domanding the Mogul
Empire, she imposed her raj (rule) over the subcontinent of
Toda (now consisting of India, Pakistan, and Bangledess). By
winning the Three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824-26, 1852. and
1885), she conquered Burma, Other lands in Asia which became
Brissh colonies were Ceylon (Sti Lanks), Maldives, Aden,
Malaya, Singapore, and Egypt, Australis and New Zealand ia
the South Pacific alo became British colonies.
Other impe-talsts, folowing Britain's example, grabbed the
weak countries Southeast Asta and colonized them, In 1858
N03, France, vith the help of Filipino tops wader Spanish
colficers.? conquered Vietnam: annexed Cambodia (1863) and
‘Laos (1893); and. merged all these countries into a federated
‘colony under the name of French Indochina, The Dutch, after
chia pcm, he poured out the ery of his agoniing
het, a Follows:
THEY ASK ME FOR VERSES.
‘You tbs i wc
‘That mote and torn wo hing
‘And yet can wake the strain,
Nov wil the Mose one note inp!
Coty it shaken accents de
‘Asi ey soul ell 10 wring,
‘And son sound sce But 0 fing
Aes at 48 o6n tw lame,
Solin sa lation pent
My al cam eter fel noe sng
There wit atime = th, "te foo tre —
Bar that tine lng ago hs pat
‘When upon me the Mise hi a
Indutgem snile ana fendohips de
But ot that age How alto fee
‘The thought with me yet nl ay
[Aviram the hour flee play
There inger on syseious ots
‘And in oor ind the memory Roas
Gtnintrhy sed no py
A plan am, that rely grown
{stom ir ott Eater fe
‘het oll aren peifere ted
[Andi hat m3 ren Row
‘Te and nt ean ey oe
iy mw forgoten nce to he
‘Where tag i fi song taught me,
6s‘And cascades with thei ceaseless four,
‘And all ong the spreading shore
‘he murmurs ofthe sounding ses
ie ei ids happy dy,
‘And in my breast there seems the while
Seething voleame esto play,
‘A tard I wat, my wich alway
‘To cal upon the eeting sind
forth, and spread around Wt Game,
From zone fo zone with pia acim,
And carth to heaven tether Bind"
Bat it elt, aad now 90 more
Like a tee that broken and ere—
‘My natal gods bring the echo clear
(OF songs that i past tes they Boe:
Wide seas tered to foreign shore
Wan bope of change afd other fate
My folly as made cleat too late
For inthe pce of good I sught
‘The seat reveal unto ugh,
But mace death's specie on me wai,
‘te otc ha mie,
‘Were teat the Samy sis
Which eta ower regen Sng
Sorpeen no move tha eso he
For songs of ve trom ut 3 hea
That ely sng sper
‘Soce now wih cred salt haste
Unreting er tne desert wate
An les gone a te at
Riral as Laver of Books. A favorite pastime of Rizal in
Madrid was reading Instead of gambling and frting wath women
8 many young Filipinos did inthe Spanish metropolis he stayed
Er home tnd fend worn el ng ‘Sc rary
‘hood, he liked to read x % ae
Riral economia! on ining expenses, and withthe mone
be saved, he purchased books tom a secon hand Doo wore
eed yeti Ser Roses He was ale o bul a eaed
Private vary Hin collection of hooks indoged. Te Bi
Hebrew Grammar, Lives of the Presiden of the Unied States
from: Washington to Johnson, Compete Works of Volare (9
volumes), Complete Works of Horace (3 volumes), Complete
Works of C. Bernard (16 volumes) History ofthe French Revol
tion, The Wandering Jew, Ancient Poetry, Works of Thucydides,
The Byzantine Empire, ‘The Characters by La Bruyere, The
Renaissance, Uncle Tom's Cabin by Hartet Beecher Sto
Works of Alexander Dumas, Louis XIV and His Court, and
rumerous Sooks on medicine, philosophy, languages, history
‘geog-aphy ts, and sciences.
Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Siowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin and Eugene Sue's The Wandering Jet. These two books
aroused hissympathy forthe oppressed and unfortunate people
Rza's First Vet to Parts (188). During his frst summer
vacation in Madsid Rizal went to Pars, sojourning in this pay
Capital of France from June 17 to August 20, 1858. At firs, he
twas bileted at the Hotel de Pars on 37 Rue de Maubange;
Tater, he moved 10 a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in
the Latin Quarter, where it was cheaper to live
Like all tourists, Rizal was charmingly ttllated by the
attractive sights of Paris, such as the beautifl boulevards (par-
ticularly the Champs Elyses), the Opera House, the Place de
ls Concorde, the Arch of Triumph, the Bois de Boulogne (mag-
nificent park), the Madelsine Charch, the Cathedral of Notre
Dame, the Column of Vendome, the Invalides (containing the
tomb of ‘Napoleon the Great), and the fabulous. Versailles
Unlike ordinary turists, whose main interest in visiting foreign
countries isto see the beautiful sights, 10 enjoy themselves in
fight cubs and theatres, and to shop for sourveni items, Rizal
lenproved his mind by observing closely the French way of life
sand spending many hours atthe museums, aotably the workdlam-
‘ous Louvre; the botanical gardens, especially the Laxembourg,
the Haris and art gallenes; and the hospitals, incloding the
Lecnnece Hospital, where he observed Dr. Niaise eating his
patients and the Laribosere Hospital, where he observed the
‘examination of diferent diseases of women
‘Om the lighter side of his vst in Paris, Rizal was mistaken
by the Parisians a Japanese. The prices of food, drinks, theatre
kets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were{2058 MIZAL: LS, moni AN WHITING,
‘oo high for his slender purse so that he commented in a leter
‘to his family: “Pars is the cosiest capital in Europe."
Rizal as 4 Mason, In Spain Rizal came in close contact with
‘prominent Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were
‘mostly Masons, including Miguel Morayt statesman, profesor,
historian, and writer; Francisco Pi y Marga, journalist, sates:
‘th and former President ofthe short-lived Firs Spanish Repu
lic; Manvel Becerra, Minister of Ulramar (Colonies): Emilio
Junoy, journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes, and Juan
Ruie Zonila, parliamentarian and head of the Republican Prog.
ressive Party im Made,
Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Masons openly
and ffcely criticized the government policies and lambasted the
friars, which could not be done inthe Philippines In due time,
fn March 1886, he joined the Masonic lodge called Acacie
Madrid. His reason for becoming @ mason was io secure
Freemasonry's aid in is fight against the fnars in the Philippines.
‘Since the friars sed the Catholic religion as a shield to entrench
themsclies in power and wealth and to persecute the Filpine
Patriots, he intended to utilize Freemansonry as his shield to
combat ‘them
lr he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madi), where
he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890. Stil ater,
‘on February 15, 1892, he was awarded the diploma as Manet
Mason by Le Grand Orient de Prance in Pasig”
‘As a Mason, Rizal played a lukewarm role in Freemasonry,
unlike MH del Pilar. G. Lopes Saena, and Mariano Ponce who
were very active in Mason affis, His only Masonic writing
wi a lecture titled “Science, Vir and Labor,” which he delt
‘veted i 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. A petinent portion
of this lecture reads follows:
‘The duty of modern man, tomy way of thihing, is
work forthe redemption of humamty, because ome man
is dune there woul be lets wfortunate and mere happy
‘men that is ponuble in this ie, Humanity cannot be
‘edeemed 10 fog as there are opprewed peoples, so long
1 tere are some men ube live om the tears of any, so
long as there are emasculated minds and Blinded eyes that
enabled cers 10 te lke sultan who alone may eajoy
ey nda 2)
Sen, ny cnet rede we ro ct
free feb tou wan pone oe on,
il re lee, ond weer esa oho jure
Shem For bumanty fo be shew atin he ty iy
‘Svar wich od ae seceary ta thn
Siitcc weld oe dct eo oreey popes
So decimate td no rea ad be hea in
1 mur, Wi cemry ft wpe exes ch
1 he tun fhe by ry and bey high
fener eee
aan Wore, Aer Riz departure for Spin, things
tered rom tad to wore a alam, Te rvs ise
tepucaes flo on saint of droght sc Soca On op of
GF ccomonie daar, the munaet ofthe Domiican-ouned
teed isn th rea fhe and at ye
al fanly. "This bacenda manner, 2 fregurot gusts
Fea eee oe fr fet ag sree (es
hero's fates, who wat a god rar of uke.
But there came atime when & dreadful pest killed most of
the turkeys. When the manager requested for a tutkey, Don
Franc had 1 deny hi Pais he nde he ew sig
turkeys for breeding purposes. Enraged by hi fllre to recive
‘trkey the vindictive manager array icressed the reals
‘the lands leted by Don Francisco and Pociano.
Due 1 hard times in Calambe, the monthly allowancce of
a Maid wee ale ral an the we ier we
they never aeived, causing much slfering to him. At one time
ae was forced to sell his younger brother's pony in order
to send money to Maid.
‘A touching incident in Rizal's life im Maid oscured on
June 24, 1884, Became he was broke, he was unable to take
Iweakfast that day. With an empty stomach, he attended is
clas atthe university, partcpated in the comes in Greck Im
tage and won the gold medal Inthe evening ofthe same day
be was able to eat inner, for he wat a guest speaker in 4
anguet Held in Ronor of sr Lana and Felix Resurecson
idaigo at Restaurant Inge, Madd
Rizal's Salute to Luna and Hidalgo. The bangoet on the
‘evening of June 25, IR was sponsored by the Fiipiao commun-lity to celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist inthe
National Exposition of Fine Artin Marid — Lums’s Spoaee
winning frst prize and Hidslgo's Christian Virgins Eeposed te
‘the Populace,sesond prize. was atended by prominen,Spavih
fans, ‘newspapermen, and menofleters. statesmen ond
Fripinos
‘Speaking in sonorous Casitian, Rizal held his audience
spelibound. He saluted Luna and Hidalgo as the two glories of
Spain and the Philippines, whose artstic achicvemente tos
ended geographical frontiers and racial origins, for gemin
sniveral — “genius kitows no. country,” seats Saproun,
everywhere. genias & ike light, air, the patrinony of evermety
‘cosmopolitan like space, like life like God.” He ale oo
with efined sarcasm the bigot and. blindness of nance
§unworthy Spaniards (referring othe Bad firs inthe Phlinonea)
‘ho could not comprehend the universality of eon
This magnificeat speech of Rizal was grected with wild
‘erations, for seldom did the Spaniards heat sock ap seat
{rom the lips of a brown Fiipina which was simon pees
nobility of thought, in Spanish shetonc, tm sinceiy oy
feeling.
fad in sonorous eloquence, Is (ull eat ius folloga.
In speaking tere you, Ia not scared bythe fu
that you may Tsien to me sith hewatmnens | en
‘ia your tam othe soya ony
‘annot hep bu be indulgent. Sympathetic elas sore
the smopher: rmermal caren ren afd
fecrous sous ich; and comequeny Ida not er
‘my humble petwn nor do I doubt your beacons Me
sow, you sek only got, and fom We hee
whete noble Sentiments reac. you‘do nt pee na
tiles, ”you ee the whole and you judge thee a
txtend your hand 10 one who tke met denies eso
Im one single thought, inne single wsprution = ert
of fei, the splendor ote Mashoroe,
ler, in Icy the reiton why we ate phere In
the history of nation there are names tat
Signy 30 achievement that teal owen ae
umes tat, ike map formal: evs pean we
though, sams that became sp ml on
Sood ofiove hetneen the nah Te nines of st
70
iaulgo belong to thee: thei glories lume the wo
txtremes ofthe gabe — the Eas andthe West. Spin snd
‘he Philippines Te uterng ther T believe Tee to lami nous
aches Gat starting from both repons, ae going To be
fatwined there above, impelled by the feeling of common
rig, and fom that height wie two peoples with ternal
{wo people tha ea und space separate nn wo,
‘Peoples in ch the seeds of dmion that men and test
body, eommopotitan ike space like fe ke God
‘The patriarchal ers in the Piippins & waning. The
deeds of her illustrious sone are no longer wasted ay a
ome. The octal ehyslis i leaing the cocoon The
smortow of «Tong day for thse repions announced ie
{ian Gite and rose clored downs, and that race, flo
fmto lethargy during the stor night whe the sa mies
‘ther oatients, again awakens, moved by The cl
impact that contact with Western peopes produces nd she
demands ight, fe, the ciation that atone ine they
ieqocath her thas confiming the erally of ents
‘evalton, of change, of pert, of progres
‘You know this well and you ext nit. To you is de
the benuty ofthe diamonds tha the Pilippes csr iy
sown: She produced the precious tones; Larope pave nem
polsh. And al of ws contemplate prouly your work we
fe the Mame, the breath the mate ured
They imbibed over there the poetry of ature — a
ature grandiose and terse scala, in sev
‘om, nits dymam 3 atre, see, ermal, snd nan
fly ins manifestation conta, stati a nature that
‘amps is sealon alla t tates and produce. ts chlren
arty it wherever they go. Analyze if not the chatter
thet works ed however igh you may aor tht pose
you will sci in everyting as forming their Knowles. 2
{he sol that presses over everthing at the sprng othe
‘mechanism, a the sobstantal form, asthe raw att
{ne pomible not to refet on what onc sl fel
ot posable o be one thing and do something ese) The‘ontadctons are only apparent, they are only paradoxes
EL Spar, tough tat cnr that wet an
be head the trl of the mule, the ening the
swe: the mealc creaking ot the srmor ofthe trea
the sobs ofthe Beteaved the murmar of payer, wt ach
Vitor an ream, av one ears the in ende he
tt ofthe cnt of the eaaracs or the hngresine and
‘eaatl temor ofthe ear
The anc mare ha epee ck primes ine
‘encs alo in he suokes: On the xk asl te Hains
trclancoly, beauty, aad weakness, vite of fete fore
the majestic harmony of its mountains and ranges
or that remon a Lana ae the shadows, the cotrans,
the monbund gh mater. and the cre The he
‘evebeiton ofthe dark tempest the tp, the light
‘ing the rowing eruptions of thew case. Fos tet
tenor cg ipa
ke the Phtipinsin hr moon mgs on er to
‘ssh er orto hatte eta sad oes
the ire lh. And Both despite being ate to
mses. appearence on,
alou heart do im pte of ota eiferenecs In eee
ther palette the spenders faye of wnfodg gly
‘with which they surround thir Nave Land hoth prey
‘he spt of or soir nd pia ie. maid
ssbjected to hash ten; wnvedored maninds case
‘eptation oan open sage with prnccpatons, fen
Blumentrit proved to bea get tourist guide a well sa
homiuble hose. He showed the sen and stra apts of
stent 16 his vitor One afternoon he nied the to
beet garden whee the best her of bona nes ete At 2
we
es Yr fron Mi Vi 1807
tively discussion among the diners about
vay of avig the sion pos through a nebo
One ofthe ment the group was the burgmaster ((O¥R
ha Bete th ures
Tpprched the party and deity ntoduced his two
pr ends, Ril ake in cnt German for which eason
urgomaster and his fends were amazed ‘The baron
Thal how lon it took hi to learn German, And Rizal
“Eleven month, wr", "The burgomaster was futher
Timsred, and in great admiration, he Tauded the “privileged
Intent” of Rizal. Bumeotit embraced Rial, tling him that
few Germans could speak wel hirown language es Kea coud
‘On another afternoon Rial and Viola wore invited 9
mecing of te Tours Chi of Letmerit, of wich Blumen
frost secretary. Rial spoke extemporancouly i ent Get
Than othe offers and movers pramng Austin's iscenes
fats hota, rare oving, and noble pele Te aence
Ary applauded him, for they wre cachanted by his eloquence
nd fucty in German
Riba, desing to commemorate his happy hours atthe
Blumenira homes painted» port of the kind profewo and
ve ito him, Blomenrit m pleased with theft
Ie was during his visit to Leiter when Real met ashes
scooned seni of Eup, Dr Caos Cpe. lune
Trourh hin to Coepela's home, and Rizal had ice comer:
on with ths Posh scholar, Blmentit sa inodueed Ri
to Profesor Rober Kiuschak, an eminent natal
(On thet at night in Leitmeri, Riza and Vina. o rei
rocate Blumentit’s hop, tendered thang! a arene
Sinner —in hs honor a thet hotel
On May 16, a 985 A.M., Rizal and Violet senna
by win, Blomentit, bi wife, and cilren were st he slo
Staton tose tom of and they al abe ers oping the
train soy departed
Rizal cated nto his grave the bea memorice of fs
vist yo Leer. In» fete fo Blamentit wr in Visas
Sn May 34, 1847, Rial expresed hand Viol cone
the leas of Dora, the profesor’ Ine daughter2088 RIZAL: LIFE, WOM AND WRITINGS
1." thus wrote Rizal, “are very sad because ou litle fiend
i sick. We still remember ber litle blue eyes; we heat hee
laughter, and we see her lite teth. Poor Doritat saw her
after us when the train was leaving! With all my heart 1
her prompt recovery”
In another letier, written in Brann, Austria, on May 19,
1887, theee days after leaving Leimert, Rizal rote to Bhumene
{tt “I shall make my good friends of Leitmertz the objects of
my thoughts and I shall say of myself: You are not alone, Rizal
im a small corner of Bohemia thete are good, noble, and friendly
souls who lke you: thik of them consider them as they were
With you, a8 if they saw you; they will rejoice over your Joye,
and will weep over your suffering .-. Please kiss the children
for me, express my greetings 10 your wile, and to your good
father and the friends in Leitmeritz 1am at heart an inhabitant
‘of Leitmeritz just as you yourself are a Filipina in sentimente,
| believe Austria will always live in my heart”? In the same
letter, Rizal told Blumentit that he forgot his diamond stickpin
at his room in Hotel Krebs
Prague, After Leitmeritz, Rizal and Viola visited the historic
city of Prague, They carried letters of recommendation from
Blumentntt to Dr. Willkoram, professor of natural history in
the University of Prague. The good professor and his charming.
‘wile and daughters welcomed them and showed them the city
histori spots.
Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous
‘astronomer; the museum of natural history the bacteriological
laboratories; the famous cave where San Juan Nepomuceno the
Catholic saint, was imprisoned; and the bridge from which this,
Stunt was hurled into the river
Alter saying good-bye to Professor Willkomm and his family,
the two tourists went to Brun. According to Viola, "nothing
» of importance happened” in this Gy,
Vienna. On May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived inthe beautiful
sity of Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary. Famous in song and
sory, this city fascinated Rizal because ofits beautiful buildings,
religious images, haunting waltzes, and majestic charm, Viena
was truly the "Queen of the Danube”.
inet Noreafal, ove ofthe greatest novels
hrng tat tne. This great Avstian sovelit wat
ray imprested by Ria, and years here spoke Nighy
irl “whose genta he 20 much admited.
i turn, forwarded it to Rizal in Vienna,
Rizal and Viola stayed at Hotel Metropole. They visited
hey teresting places sch at churches, muscums at
falleries, cheaters, and public parks. They met two good frien
Df Blumentstt — Masner and Nordmann, Austrian scholars
Danubian Voyage to Lints. Oni May 24, Rizal and Viola left
‘Vienna om river Boat to sce the beautiful sights of the Danube
River As they taveled along the famous river, Rizal observed
Keenly the river sights — the barges loaded with products, the
‘lowers and plants growing slong the river banks, the boats with
families living on them, and the qusint villages on the riversides.
We panicularly noticed that the passengers on the river boat
‘were using paper napkins during the meals, which was a novelty
{G him. His fellow passenger, Viola, commented that te paper
‘napkins were "more hypienlcand economical than cloth napkins"
From Lintz to Rheinfall. The river voyage ended in Lintz
‘They traveled overland to Salzburg, and from there to Munich
sshere they sojourned fora short time to savor the famous Munich
beer, reputed to be the best in Germany.
From Mun tey went Naren oe of the ode
‘ities of Germany. Among the sights aw in this
‘were the horrible torture machines wed by the Inquisition, Rizal
‘amined earefuly these torture machines. He and Viola were
Impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the biggest
industry of the city.
‘After Munich, they visited Ulm. The cathedral ofthis city
‘was “the largest and tallest in all Germany”. Viola related that
he and Rizal climbed its many hundred steps. He rested twice
fon the way 10 the tower and felt dizzy from the stain upon.
reaching the top. Rial, on the other hand, ascended without
‘esting and was not tired when he reached the top.{O08 RIZAL: IF, Wome AO WTO
From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden, and then Rhein
(Cascade of the Rhine). At Rhcinfail, they saw the waterfall,
“the most beautiful waterfall of Europe”
Geneva, After sightecing in Lausanne, Rizal and Viola left
20 litle boat, crossing the fogsy Leman Lake to Geneve, Ting
Swi city is one of the most Beautiful cities in Europe, vies:
‘by word tourists every year, The people of Geneva wore input,
speaking French, German, and Malian. Rizal conversed: with
them in these three languages
‘Aside from visiting the tourist spots, Rizal and Viola went
boating om the lake, In this aquatic excursion, Rizal showed fae
rowing prowess which he acquited during his boyhood days i
Calamba
(On June 19, 1887, Rizal treated Viola to 8 blow-out, It was
his 26h birthday. According to a Filipino custom, he celcbrated
his birthday with & sumptuous meal,
Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva. On.
June 23, they parted ways — Viola returned 10 Barcelona while
Riral continued the tout 0 Haly
‘Rizal Resents Exhibiton of Igorots im 1887 Madrid Expost-
tion. While Riza, accompanied by Dr. Viots, was happily touring
Europe; an Exposition of the Philippines was beld in Madre,
Spain. Upon reaching Geneva (Switzerland), he reccived wad
news from his friends in Madrid of the deplorable conditions 0
the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in this eapostion, sae
‘of whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G-strings) and crude
‘weapons were objects of mockery and laughter by the Spenish
Beople and pres.
Being a champion of human dignity, Rizal was outraged by
this degradation of his fellow countrymen the Igorots of Nesthery
Luzon. In a leter to his friend, Blumentrtt, datcd Gener
June 6, 1887, he said
My poor compatriots (Igorets—Z,) who are now
‘bing exhibited in Madrid are mocked by Spanish acespap
10
ee nec ne a Ks als
Si Sota ptember nah
IER dn enmne mie oe
Spice yeah ec ayn Sei
SECS er voan uct prone
een ech s oiren Consomneee
(oer cel ogee
papell dy toe
aie TO Bap ied Conrado |
gtr said be was in favor of pois: ‘un exposition é “buat
cere istesigan tare oy cece
fs» cuioy to emeyain tc le hata of Madd" Me
eae eect don os tinct pena o
es eee eee Sree st
Be eee cmuneriineaene nie
Rizal in Italy. From Geneva, Rizal went to Italy. He visited
“Tin, Mian, Venice, and Florence, On June 27, 87, he
Teche os, he Eka 9d ee “0
Sos
cay batioag moa
vo on ike
Tame Rest Eig yo i dot of
we ten ete oo es
ee ep acre
Fata sat arama chen artes
Ponisi eccrpatmgensh
Seta oy esta fares Sores ay
ocr mart rea i cn
inva ite pee rae ankiann a
pa geile
Marana eo
ota pln rape
ree veer ae
. if St. Paul,
Oe ane 2 te Fe Dayo Por ad SP
saat aed i ti eWay
Pipe pal Cec Neo Ed
hts and memories of the Eten
the “grandour that was Rome’2088 MAL: LIFE, Wonk ANO MRT
bythe main des, party of St. Peter's Coach
Depa Ocean We setae tigen ee a
pervaded the Vatican, RS Sen ae
Every night flr sghsccing the whole dy, Rie
to bis hotel very tied“ am ined 4 dog” he woe
Slums, but I wil sep ms 4 gods?
After weck of wonderful sojourn ia Rome,
{0 return to the Philippines. He hac wi = iad
spar Pins Heady wen or er
m
Chapter 10
First Homecoming, 1887-88
All the alluring beauties of foreign counties and all the
‘beautiful memories of hit sojourn in alien lands could neither
make Rizal forget his fatherland nor turn his back to his own
faationaity. True that he studied abroad, acquired the lore and
languages of foreign nations, and enjoyed the friendship of many
treat men of the: Western world; but he remained at heart a
{tue Filipina with an unquenchable love for the Philippines and
fn unihakable determination to die in the land of his birth.
‘Thus, ater five years of memorable sojourn in Europe, he
returned othe Phlippines in August 1887 and practised medicine
fn Calamba. He lived the quiet life ofa country doctor. But bis
tnemies, who resented his Nol, persecuted him, even threatening
to ill him,
Decision to Return Home. Because of the publication ofthe
[Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars,
Rial was warmed by Pasiano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo
(bisbrother-imiaw), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio), and other friends
fot to return home. But he did not heed their warning. He was
‘determined to return to the Philippines forthe following reasons:
(1) t0 operate on his mother’s eyes; (2) to serve his people who
had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants; (3) to find out for
Ihimseit how the Noli and his other writings were affecting
Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines; and (4) to inquire
‘why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
In a leter to Blumentrit, written in Geneva o1 June 19,
1867, Rizal said: "Your advice that Uive in Madeid and continac
to write from there is very benevolent but T cannot accept it.
‘cannot endure the life in Madrid where everything is voice in
‘2 -wilderess. My parents want 10 see me, and I want to see
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