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 POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES

According to the classification of composite materials:

1. Polymer Matrix Composite (CMCs)

It is made from two or more constituent materials and they have significantly different
physical or chemical properties and the produced material have different characteristics
from the individual components.

2. Polymer & Polymer matrix composite

2.1. Polymer

A large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units (monomer)

typically connected by covalent chemical bonds.

2.2. Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC):

➢ Consisting of a polymer (resin) matrix and fiber.

➢ Very popular due to their low cost and simple fabrication methods.

2.3. Classification of Polymers:

➢ Linear Polymer: Molecules are in forms of chains.

➢ Thermoplastic Polymers: Molecules are not interconnected to one another.
➢ Thermosetting Polymers: Heavily cross-linked to produce a strong three-
dimensional network structure.
➢ Elastomers: Elastic deformation > 200%
2.4. Thermosetting and Thermoplastics Polymers:

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 Thermosetting Polymers Thermoplastics Polymers
Extensive crosslinking formed by .1 No chemical linking between individual .1
covalent bonds. molecules.

High Thermal stability and High .2 Molecules are bonded by weak secondary .2
dimensional stability. bonds like Van der walls bonds and
hydrogen.

Low weight and High rigidity .3 Parts can be made and joined by heating. .3

Cannot be recycled due to its heavy .4 Can be remolded, and recycled. .4

covalent bonds.
Better toughness and impact resistance .5
than thermosets.

3. APPLICATIONS OF PMCs

3.1. Aerospace and Military Aircraft:

➢ The aerospace industry is estimated to consume about 50 percent of advanced

composites production in the United States.
➢ The primary matrix materials used in aerospace applications are epoxies, and the
most common reinforcements are carbon/graphite, aramid (e.g. Kevlar), and high
stiffness glass fibers.
➢ Compared with metals, the principal advantages of advanced composites in
aerospace applications are their superior specific strength and stiffness, resulting in
weight savings of 10 to 60 percent over metal designs.

Composites in Boing 787 body

3.2. Automotive Industry:

➢ The principal motivation for introducing PMCs is cost savings Because the industry
is mature and highly competitive.
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 ➢ Because of greatly improved corrosion resistance PMC automobiles could last 20
or more years compared to the current average vehicle lifetime.

3.3. Medical Devices:

The impact of PMCs on orthopedic devices such as
➢ Hips
➢ Knees
➢ bone plates,
➢ intramedullary nails is expected to be especially significant.

4. Advantages and Limitations of PMC

Thermosetting Polymers Thermoplastics Polymers

Good in-plane stiffness and strength. .1 Low maximum working temperature. .1
Low density and Relatively low cost. .2 Sensitivity to radiation and moisture. .2
Corrosion resistance. .3 Processing temperature are generally .3
higher than those with thermosets.
Low coefficient of thermal expansion. .4 Required special processing equipment. .4

Relatively mature technology. .5 Thermoset resins have poor impact .5

resistance.
Excellent in-service experience. .6