TWI a ‘THE WELDING INSTITUTE TERMINOLOGY Use of the correct terminology is important. This course uses BS 499. GENERAL TERMINOLOGY WELDS and JOINTS Frequently the terms ‘weld’ and ‘joint’ are used incorrectly. Exact definitions are given in BS 499 "Welding terms and symbols’. TYPES OF WELD ——= BUTT WELD <> Cos FILLET WELD Ae EDGE WELD Saat hdentarions ar each weld SPOT WELD Illustration depicts resistance weld. Spot welds can be made with MIG or TIG processes. WELDING TECHNOLOGY Issue 0191 14TWI iim ‘THE WELDING INSTITUTE TYPES OF JOINT The four basic welds can be used to join various types of joints. The following are some typical joints TYPE OF JOINT EXAMPLES BUTT Ce TEE CORNER “Ud 5 WELDING TECHNOLOGY 12 Issue 0191TWI NNN THE WELDING INSTITUTE PLATE EDGE PREPARATION FOR BUTT WELDS The illustrations show standard terminology for the various features of plate edge preparations. ony [| \C 3 Sess pf \F FEATURES OF COMPLETED WELD A butt weld in a plate, made by welding from both sides, has two weld faces, four toes. In a full penetration weld made from one side, the protruding weld ‘on the underside is the penetration bead. WELDING TECHNOLOGY Issue 0191 13TWI Um ‘THE WELDING INSTITUTE If a weld is sectioned, polished and etched, the fusion boundary can be established. Metal lying between the two fusion boundaries is weld metal, a mixture of deposited metal and plate material that has been melted. Adjacent to the fusion boundary is the heat affected zone (HAZ), in which the plate material has a metallurgical structure modified by the heat of welding. Fillet welds also have Toes Aweld face Aroot A fusion boundary A heat affected zone Meat attected The shape of a fillet weld in cross-section is described by three terms Mitre fillet 5» Concave fillet Excess weld metal, as illustrated, is often referred to as ‘weld reinforcement’. This does not necessarily mean it strengthens a joint. WELDING TECHNOLOGY 14 Issue 0191TWI im ‘THE WELDING INSTITUTE SIZE OF WELDS For full penetration butt welds, the general rule is: design throat thickness, thickness of the thinner part joined. Partial penetration butt welds ‘The term partial penetration strictly implies butt welds that are designed to have less than full penetration. Failure to achieve full penetration when it is wanted should be listed as the defect INCOMPLETE PENETRATION. The throat thickness of a partial penetration weld made from both sides is t, + ty, and the design throat thickness t, + t,. Note that the degree of penetration must be known, at y " Fillet weld sizes are calculated by reference to allowable shear stress on the throat area, i.e. throat area = design throat thickness x length of weld. The size required is specified on drawings in terms of leg length ( /). =T For fillet welds with equal leg lengths: b>?» I= 1.4t, where t, is as defined for mitre and convex fillets. RS) N *g WELDING TECHNOLOGY Issue 0191 15TWI Um ‘THE WELDING INSTITUTE If an asymmetrical fillet weld is required, both leg lengths are specified and t, is taken as the minimum throat dimension. a | 4 Deep penetration fillet weld With high current density processes, e.g. submerged arc and MIG (spray). penetration along the joint line can be produced. This gives an increase in throat thickness with no change in leg length. WELDING TECHNOLOGY 16 Issue 0191