Section A (multiple choice)

Question Answer Mark

Number
1 The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because Al has an oxidation number of +3

B is not correct because Cr has an oxidation number of +3

D is not correct because V has an oxidation number of +4

Question Answer Mark

Number
2 The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because this is the number of moles of iodate(V)

ions needed to react with 1 mol of hydrogensulfite ions

B is not correct because the reaction is not 1:1

D is not correct because this is the number of moles of

hydrogensulfite ions needed to react with 2 mol of iodate(V) ions
(giving an equation with integer coefficients).

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a) The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because manganese would react to form a cell

system with Mn2+

C is not correct because Mn2+is the reducing agent in the system

D is not correct because Mn2+is the reducing agent in the system

and manganese would react to form a cell system with Mn2+
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(b) The only correct answer is D (1)

A is not correct because all the substances in an electrode system

must be present in a half-cell

B is not correct because all the substances in an electrode system

must be present in a half-cell

C is not correct because all the substances in an electrode system

must be present in a half-cell

Question Answer Mark

Number
4 The only correct answer is D (1)

A is not correct because Ecello is proportional to neither ΔSsystem

nor K

B is not correct because Ecello is proportional to lnK but not to

ΔSsystem

C is not correct because Ecello is proportional to ΔStotal but not to K

Question Answer Mark

Number
5 The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because oxidation always occurs at the anode

C is not correct because ethanol is oxidised in this cell

D is not correct because ethanol is oxidised in this cell

Question Answer Mark
Number
6 The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because manganese in the +4 oxidation state will

have partially filled d orbitals

C is not correct because iron in the +4 oxidation state will have

partially filled d orbitals

D is not correct because copper in the +4 oxidation state will

have partially filled d orbitals

Question Answer Mark

Number
7 The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because oxygen is not a reducing agent and

sulfur dioxide is not an oxidising agent

C is not correct because the highest stable oxidation number of

vanadium is +5

D is not correct because oxygen is not a reducing agent and

sulfur dioxide is not an oxidising agent and because the highest
stable oxidation number of vanadium is +5

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because this shows benzene at a higher energy

level than cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene and at a lower energy level than
cyclohexane.

C is not correct because this shows cyclohexane at the highest

energy level instead of the lowest.

D is not correct because this shows benzene at a higher energy

level than cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene.
Section B
Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark
Number
17(a)(i) Eocell = +0.40 − (−0.74) = (+)1.14 (V) (1) –1.14 (V) (3)
No TE on incorrect half equations

4Cr + 3O2 + 6H2O ⇌ 4Cr3+ + 12OH−

OR
4Cr + 3O2 + 6H2O ⇌ 4Cr(OH)3
ALLOW
Multiples
→ in place of ⇌

Species and equation in correct direction (1)

uncancelled
Balancing electrons
ALLOW
TE on incorrect half equations from the table
eg 4Cr2+ + O2 + 2H2O ⇌ 4Cr3+ + 4OH− (1)

IGNORE state symbols even if incorrect

COMMENT
Correct Eocell value may be credited in (a)(ii)
Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark
Number
17(a)(ii) TE on any positive value in 17(a)(i) (2)

The positive Eocell value indicates that the

corrosion of chromium is
(thermodynamically) feasible

ALLOW
spontaneous for feasible
Eocell value indicates chromium and oxygen
should react / chromium corrodes (1)

TE for M1 only on any negative value in

17(a)(i)

So the corrosion is kinetically unfavourable

/ has a high activation energy / slow Just ‘needs
OR high energy’
chromium forms a stable / unreactive oxide
coating (that protects the metal from Any
corrosion) reference to
sacrificial
ALLOW protection
hydroxide for oxide (1)
Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark
Number
17(b)(i) Correct equation with Eocell value scores (2) (2)

Route 1

Zinc / Zn (1)

IGNORE Other
Acids / H+ additional
Ionic half-equation reagents

(Zn(s) + 2Cr3+(aq) ⇌ 2Cr2+(aq) + Zn2+(aq))

Eocell [= −0.41− (−0.76)] = (+)0.35 (V) (1)

Route 2

Chromium / Cr (1)

Eocell = −0.41− (−0.74) = (+)0.33 (V) (1)

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(b)(ii) Standalone marks Oxidation to (2)
any other
Chromium(II) oxidation state
(is readily oxidised back to chromium(III))
(1)

oxidised by oxygen (in the air)

ALLOW
by air (1)

IGNORE just ‘reacts with oxygen (in the air)’

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(b)(iii) From green to blue (1)
 ALLOW
violet to blue

IGNORE
modifiers (eg pale)

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(b)(iv) M1 (energy gap) (3)
There is a different energy gap between the
(3)d orbitals / in the (3)d subshell (3)d orbital
ALLOW
different d-d splitting
(3)d orbitals split differently (1)

M2 (explanation of energy gap)

Because of the (different) charge / oxidation Just
state / radius / size / charge density / different
electronic structure / numbers of (d)electrons ions/ligands
of the ions (1)

M3 (effect of energy gap)

So different frequencies / wavelengths of
(visible) light / radiation / energy
are absorbed / reflected / transmitted emitted
OR
Photons of different energy
are absorbed / reflected / transmitted (1) emitted

IGNORE
Colour for (visible) light / radiation / energy
General explanations of the colour of
transition metal complexes even if incorrect

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(c)(i) In 17(c)(i) and (ii) (1)
two correct formulae scores (1) in (c)(i)
 Ignore omission of square brackets

[CrCl4]− and tetrahedral

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(c)(ii) [Cr(NH3)6]3+ / [Cr(NH3)4(H2O)2]3+ [Cr(NH3)4]3+ (1)
and
octahedral square planar

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(d)(i) 2CrO42− + 2H+ → Cr2O72− + H2O (2)

OR
⇌ in place of →
ALLOW
Multiples

Formulae of both chromium species (in

any equation) (1) Additional
chromium species
Correct balanced equation (1)

IGNORE
State symbols even if incorrect

No TE on incorrect chromium species

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(d)(ii) Cr6+/chromium(VI) ion (small and) highly (3)
charged
OR
Cr6+/chromium(VI) ion has (very) high charge
density (1)

Route 1

(So Cr6+ is very) polarising (1)

H−O / OH bonds broken

/ water (ligands) deprotonated (1)

IGNORE
H−O bonds weakened / polarised

Route 2

Ionising six / so many electrons requires a large

amount of energy (1)

Not recovered from hydration energy / enthalpy

ALLOW
lattice energy for hydration energy (1)

If no other mark is scored Cr6+ is is too small to

coordinate six (water) ligands scores (1)

Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark

Number
17(d)(iii) Colourless White (1)
and
Cr6+ has no (3)d electrons

ALLOW
Colourless (3)d orbital is
and empty
(3)d subshell /orbitals empty /(3)d0 no (3)d orbitals /
no (3)d subshell
IGNORE
No d-d transitions
No d-d splitting
Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark
Number
17(e)(i) Marks are standalone (2)

Starch (solution) (1)

Blue-black / blue / black

and
to colourless / green (1) yellow

IGNORE
clear
 Question Acceptable Answer Reject Mark
Number
17(e)(ii) M1 (4)
mol Cr2O72− = 10 x 0.0495 x 10−3
= 4.95 x 10−4 /0.000495 (1)

M2
mol I2 = 3 x mol Cr2O72−
= 3 x 4.95 x 10−4 = 1.485 x 10−3
/ 0.001485 (1)

M3
mol S2O32− = 2 x mol I2
= 2 x 1.485 x 10−3
= 2.97 x 10−3 /0.00297 (1)

M4
concentration of S2O32−
= 1000 x 2.97 x 10−3 / 19.50 incorrect or
= 0.1523 mol dm−3 (1) missing units

Ignore SF except 1 SF

ALLOW

TE at each stage

Do not penalise correct intermediate

rounding to 2 SF

Correct answer with some / no working

scores (4)
(Total for Question 17 = 27 marks)

Some Common Incorrect Answers

Error Final Answer Mark /4
mol S2O32− = mol I2 /2 0.03808 / 3.808 x 10−2 3
mol S2O32− = mol I2 0.07615 / 7.615 x 10−2 3
mol S2O32− = mol I2 x 2/3 0.05077 / 5.077 x 10−2 3
mol S2O32− = mol Cr2O72− x 2 0.05077 / 5.077 x 10−2 3
Question Correct Answer Mark
Number
4 The only correct answer is B 1

A is not correct because 2 nitrate ions have a total drop in

oxidation number of +6 so each M must increase by 2.

C is not correct because 2 nitrate ions have a total drop in

oxidation number of +6 so each M must increase by 2.

D is not correct because 2 nitrate ions have a total drop in

oxidation number of +6 so each M must increase by 2.

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
5(a) The only correct answer is C 1

A is not correct because V3+ is in the least positive half-cell.

B is not correct because V2+ is a reducing agent.

D is not correct because Cl− is a reducing agent.

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
5(b) The only correct answer is A 1

B is not correct because I− would reduce V(V) to V(IV).

C is not correct because Cl2 would oxidise V(IV) to V(V).

D is not correct because Cl− is not strong enough to reduce any

species in the table.

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
6 1
The only correct answer is A

B is not correct because Eo is proportional to ln K

C is not correct because Eo is proportional to ΔStotal.

D is not correct because Eo is proportional to ΔStotal.

Question Correct Answer Mark
Number
7 The only correct answer is D 1

A is not correct because Cl has oxidation numbers above and

below 0

B is not correct because Br has oxidation numbers above and

below +1

C is not correct because S has oxidation numbers above and

below +4

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
8 The only correct answer is D 1

A is not correct because there are not different arrangements of

the ligands in space.

B is not correct because there are not different arrangements of

the ligands in space.

C is not correct because there are not different arrangements of

the ligands in space.

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
9 The only correct answer is B 1

A is not correct because it is not oxidised in the reaction.

C is not correct because products cannot be separated if they are

not desorbed.

D is not correct because metals do not form hydrogen bonds

Section B

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(a)(i) X: Platinum / Pt((s)) and 1
Y: Platinum / Pt((s))

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(a)(ii) M1: 2
Iron(II) sulfate should be 2 mol dm—3

OR

Iron(III) sulfate should be replaced with

2 mol dm−3 iron(III) chloride
and
Iron(II) sulfate should be 2 mol dm−3

ALLOW

Any method that produces a equimolar

mixture of iron(II) and
iron(III) ions
eg 1 volume iron(III) sulfate + 2 volumes
iron(II) sulfate of same concentration
(1)

M2
Mixture should be 1 mol dm—3 with
respect to each iron ion (in standard
electrode)
ALLOW
The mixture is equimolar with respect to
each iron ion

Calculation showing concentrations are

equimolar in mixture
(1)

M2 is independent of M1
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
19(a)(iii) Potassium manganate((VII))/ Incorrect oxidation 2
potassium permanganate/ KMnO4 number eg
(1) Potassium
manganate(VI)/

Manganese(II) sulfate/ MnSO4 Concentrated

(and (dilute) sulfuric acid / H2SO4) sulfuric acid
Concentrated
ALLOW hydrochloric acid
Manganese(II) nitrate/ Mn(NO3)2
Manganese(II) chloride/ MnCl2 MnO, Mn(OH)2

(1)

IGNORE
MnO4− , H+ , Mn2+, H2O, “acidified” Dilute
hydrochloric acid/ HCl

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(a)(iv) White and precipitate / ppt(e) / solid Just “an insoluble 2
(1) salt forms”

If reference made
to bubbles
Ba2+(aq) + SO42—(aq) → BaSO4(s)

Balanced equation with

state symbols (1)

M1 and M2 to be marked independently

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
19(a)(v) Potassium nitrate/ KNO3 / Sodium nitrate / Iodides 1
NaNO3 Group II salts

ALLOW

Sodium chloride/ NaCl/ potassium chloride /

KCl/ potassium sulfate/ K2SO4/ sodium
sulfate/ Na2SO4
If name and formulae given both must be
correct.

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(a)(vi) ((+1.51) –(+0.77)) = (+) 0.74 (V) -0.74 1

ALLOW
.74

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(b)(i) M1 2
Eo for item 36 = +0.17 (V) o
+0.40(V) (E for
(and Fe3+| Fe2+ = +0.77 (V)) reduction of
OR H2SO3)
Ecell =+0.60 (V))
(1) +0.51(V)
M2

Ecell is positive (so the reaction is feasible/

spontaneous)
This depends on some data having been
used to do a calculation or comparison,
even if item 45 (0.4V) or 48 (+0.51V) has
been used.

ALLOW
TE on incorrect positive value in M1

The SO2 half cell is less positive than the

Fe3+| Fe2+ half cell /
SO2 is a more powerful reducing agent than
Fe2+ (so it will work)
(1)
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
19(b)(ii) M1 4
Mol MnO4— = ((24.50)(0.0250)/1000))
= 6.125 x 10—4 / 0.0006125 (1)

M2
Mol Fe2+ in 25 cm3 = (6.125 x 10—4 x5)
= 3.0625 x 10—3 / 0.0030625 (1)

M3
Mol Fe2O3 used to make 250 cm3 solution
=( (3.0625 x 10—3 x10) /2 )
=1.53125 x 10—2 / 0.0153125 (1)

M4
Mass Fe2O3 =
(159.6 x 1.53125 x 10—2 )
= 2.443875 g
and
% Fe2O3 = ((2.443875 /3.00) x 100)
= 81.4625% / 81.46 % / 81.5%
(1)
ALLOW
TE at each stage
Ignore SF except 1 SF
81.67 if Fe = 56 is used.
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
19(b)(iii) Cr2O72— + 14H+ + 6e— → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O 2
and
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e— (1)

Cr2O72—+14H+ + 6Fe2+ →
2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 6 Fe3+

(1)
ALLOW
Multiples for any of the equations

Correct final equation scores (2)

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect.

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
19(b)(iv) The colour change at the end point Reaction occurs 1
with manganate(VII) is clearer / more more readily
distinct / more obvious
OR
With dichromate(VI) the end point
would not be a clear change /
would be from greenish yellow to
yellowish green

ALLOW
MnO4— does not need an indicator/ is
self indicating
Any reasonable colours

IGNORE
Potassium dichromate is toxic/
Is more expensive/
Is a better oxidising agent/
Has a higher Eo value

(Total for Question 19 = 18 marks)

Section A (multiple choice)

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
1 (a) The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because Fe(III) acts as an oxidising

agent

C is not correct because Cr(II) loses electrons so is

oxidised

D is not correct because Cr(II) loses electrons so is

oxidised

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
1 (b) The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because they should both be positive

C is not correct because they should both be positive

D is not correct because they should both be positive

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
1 (c) The only correct answer is D (1)

A is not correct because carbonate ions might react

B is not correct because hydroxide ions might react

C is not correct because iodide ions might react

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
1 (d) The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because dividing by 10 for 100 cm3 but

not dividing by 2 for Fe2(SO4)3

C is not correct because dividing by 10 for 100 cm3 but

multiplying by 2 and not dividing by 2

D is not correct because dividing by 2 for Fe2(SO4)3 but

not dividing by 10
Question Correct Answer Mark
Number
2 The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because Fe has an oxidation state of +6

B is not correct because Cr has an oxidation state of +6

D is not correct because W has an oxidation state of +6

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
3 The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because it is oxidised at the negative

electrode

C is not correct because it is oxidised not reduced

D is not correct because it is oxidised not reduced at

the negative electrode

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
4 (a) The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because this is the second step

B is not correct because this is the second step with an

incorrect product

D is not correct because this is the first step

Question Correct Answer Mark

Number
4 (b) The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because the 3d subshell does split

B is not correct because the 3d subshell is full

D is not correct because there is no movement of

electrons in the 3d subshell
Section B

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(a) 1
E/V

(+0.77 Incorrect
Fe3+(aq) + e(—) ⇌ Fe2+(aq)
) state
symbols
(Cl2(aq) + 2e‒ ⇌ 2Cl–(aq)) +1.36
1.36
without +
ALLOW
(+)0.68 /
Single arrow instead of reversible arrows
(+)2.72
IGNORE
Missing state symbols

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(b)(i) Zn / Zinc / Zn(s) / Zinc(s) Zn2+ / 1
Zinc(II)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
13(b)(ii) SO (aq) / sulfate(IV) (ions) / sulfite SO (aq) / 1
(ions) Sulfate(VI)
/sulfate
ALLOW
SO (aq) + H2O(l)

IGNORE
H+
missing state symbols
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(c)(i) +2 / 2+ 2 / II / 2
V(II)
This can be scored if there is no answer in
the space and V2+ is shown as the product
in the equation, even if the equation is
incorrect

ALLOW

V2+ /+II / II+ (1)

VO + 4H+ +3e → V2+ + 2H2O

Must be a half-equation not a full

equation with zinc

ALLOW

Multiples (1)

IGNORE

State symbols even if incorrect

No TE for equations on incorrect values of

oxidation state.
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(c)(ii) M1 (Recognition of oxidation by air) 4

(Vanadium(II) / V2+ / Vanadium(III) / V3+ /

solution) is oxidised by / reacts with oxygen (in
the air)

This can be scored if an equation is given

showing reaction of V2+ or V3+ with O2 (1)

M2 (Formation of V(III) from V(II)) V(III)

from
4V2+ + O2 + 4H+ → 4V3+ + 2H2O VO2+

ALLOW

V2+ → V3+ + e- / V3+ + e- ⇌ V2+

and
V2+ becomes V3+ which is green (1)

M3 (Formation of V(IV))

4V3+ + O2 + 2H2O → 4VO2+ + 4H+ (1)

IGNORE

State symbols even if incorrect

ALLOW

2V2+ + O2 → 2VO2+ Scores 1 (of M2 and M3)

M4 (Calculation of Ecell values)

Ecell for M2 equation = (+)1.49 (V)

and

Ecell for M3 equation = (+)0.89 (V) (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
13(c)(iii) Ecell is (+)0.23 (V) so the oxidation of VO2+ 2
to VO is feasible

ALLOW

Ecell is (slightly) positive (1)

EITHER

the activation energy is too large / Rate is

kinetically inert slow

OR

concentration of oxygen is too low (1)

IGNORE

Non-standard conditions

Mark each as stand alone

(Total for Question 13 = 11 marks)
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(a)(i) Left-hand label: (2)
H+((aq)) /H3O+((aq)) / hydrogen ions H2SO4((aq)) with
OR concentration of 0.5
HCl((aq)) / H2SO4((aq)) / HNO3((aq)) mol dm−3
and
1 mol dm−3 / activity = 1 (1)

Right- hand label:

H2 ((g)) / hydrogen
and
1 atm
/ 101 / 100 kPa (kN m−2)
/101 000 / 100 000 Pa (N m−2)
/ 1.01 /1.0 /1 (Bar) (1)

IGNORE
Temperature

Both substances correct but any number of

conditions omitted scores (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(a)(ii) Platinum is used because it is (chemically) (2)
inert (and conducts electricity)
ALLOW
unreactive

OR
Platinum catalyses 2H+ + 2e ⇌ H2
OR
Platinum catalyses H2 ⇌ 2H+ + 2e

ALLOW
Platinum catalyses the electrode reaction
Platinum is a catalyst (1)

Using platinum black increases the

surface area (making the catalysis more
efficient)
ALLOW
Increase the number of active sites (1)

IGNORE
Reference to cost or rate of reaction
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(a)(iii) 0.0 (V) /zero (1)

ALLOW
0 (V)

IGNORE
Charges

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(a)(iv) It is not possible to measure the (1)
potential difference (of a half cell)
between the metal electrode and the ion
solution

ALLOW
A potential difference requires a
complete circuit/two electrodes
OR
Current will not flow unless the circuit is
complete
OR
The potential of a single electrode can
only be measured by reference to /
comparison with / against another
electrode.
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(a)(v) M1 (2)
Conditions of the reaction are not
standard
OR
Concentration is not 1 mol dm−3
OR
Temperature not 298 K (1)

IGNORE
Temperature too low

M2
Reaction is (very) slow
OR
Activation energy is high
OR
Reaction is kinetically unfavourable
OR
Reaction mixture is kinetically stable (1)

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(b)(i) Cr2O72− + 8H+ + 3C2H5OH ⇌ 2Cr3+ + (2)
3CH3CHO + 7H2O
OR
Multiples

Correct species throughout and no

electrons (1)

Fully balanced and surplus H+ eliminated

(1)

IGNORE
State symbols even if incorrect
Use of → instead of ⇌
Fully correct reverse equation scores 1
mark
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(b)(ii) oxidation of ethanol to ethanal (2)
Ecell = 1.33 − (−0.61) = (+)1.94 (V)
(1)

oxidation of ethanal to ethanoic acid

Ecell = 1.33 − (−0.94) = (+)2.27 (V)
(1)

Correct values with no working scores

both marks

If no other mark is scored

Ecell (to ethanal) = 0.72 (V) and
Ecell (to ethanoic acid) = 0.39 (V) scores
1 mark

Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
20(b)(iii) Route 1 (Depends on Ecell (to ethanoic (1)
acid) more positive than Ecell (to
ethanal))

The oxidation of ethanal (to ethanoic

acid) is more favourable / feasible /
spontaneous than the oxidation of
ethanol to ethanal
(because the Ecell value is more positive)

ALLOW
Ethanal is oxidised more easily than
ethanol

Route 2 (Depends on both Ecell values

being positive)

Both oxidations are thermodynamically

favourable / feasible

IGNORE
To prevent further oxidation
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(c)(i) M1 (2)
Relevant reaction is
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e(−) ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O
OR
Multiples

and
Eo = +1.51 (V) (1)

IGNORE
State symbols even if incorrect

M2
More positive Eo value shows that MnO4− is a
stronger oxidising agent than Cr2O72− so
oxidation might proceed further / to CO2 and
H2O

ALLOW
More positive Eo value shows that MnO4− is a
stronger oxidising agent than Cr2O72− so only
ethanoic acid formed / ethanal not formed
(1)

Allow higher for more positive in both

No TE on incorrect manganate(VII) equation
Question Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
20(c)(ii) M1 and M2 (3)

3MnO42− + 2H2O ⇌ 2MnO4− + MnO2 + 4OH−

ALLOW

5MnO42− + 8H+ ⇌ 4MnO4− + Mn2+ + 4H2O

Species and no electrons (1)

Balanced

ALLOW
Multiples (1)

IGNORE
State symbols even if incorrect

M3

Ecell = (0.59 – 0.56) = (+)0.03 (V)

OR (for ALLOW equation)

Ecell = (1.51 – 0.56) = (+)0.95 (V)

and in both cases

(Positive so disproportionation is) feasible (1)

Correctly balanced equation except for

missing charge(s) can score M2 and M3

M3 dependent on use of correct manganese

species for appropriate equations in M1
Fully correct use of reverse disproportionation
to give −0.03 (V) / −0.95 (V) scores 2/3

(Total for Question 20 = 18 marks)