V.

DRUG STUDY

HEPATITIS B VACCINE

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Hepatitis B Vaccines, 0.5 mL/ one dose/ Hepatitis B Prevention of Hypersensitivity; Soreness, As with all
(Hepavax) vaccine antisera & IM @ ® vastus immunoglobulins hepatitis B. severe allergy to erythema, swelling biologicals,
Immunologicals  lateralis contain specific gamma globulin or at the inj site, epinephrine should
neutralising anti- fever, headache, always be readily
antibodies (mainly immunoglobulin nausea, dizziness, available for
IgG) that provide therapies. IM inj in fatigue. immediate use in
passive patients with case of a rare
immunisation for thrombocytopenia anaphylactic
individuals or coagulation reaction.
exposed to the disorders.
hepatitis B virus. It
is used for post-
exposure
prophylaxis in
persons who are
not vaccinated, or
whose prior
vaccination
regimen is
incomplete or
when the antibody
level is <10 IU/ml.
It may also be
used in
haemodialysis
patients and
receptors of
certain blood
products who are
unable to develop
adequate immune
protection.
V. DRUG STUDY

PHYTO MENADIONE

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Phytomenadione Haemostatics 1 mg/one dose/ Phytomenadione Anticoagulant-induced Hypersensitivity. Anaphylaxis, May be taken
(Hema-K) IM @ L vastus promotes hepatic prothrombin dyspnea, with or without
lateralis synthesis of deficiency; cyanosis, pain, food.
clotting factors. It prophylaxis & therapy swelling, phlebitis Temporary
is a naturally of hemorrhagic at the Inj site, resistance to
occurring disease of the newborn diaphoresis, prothrombin-
compound that is & it may also be given dizziness, depressing
used to prevent to the mother before hypotension anticoagulants
and treat delivery; (rare), allergic may result
haemorrhages hypoprothrombinemia reactions after SC especially when
related to vitamin due to oral and IM inj. larger doses are
K deficiency. antibacterial therapy; used.
hypoprothrombinemia
.
V. DRUG STUDY

OXYTETRACYCLINE

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Oxytetracycline Tetracyclines / Topica Ophthalmic Oxytetracycline Crede’s Hypersensitivity Anorexia, nausea, Elderly, renal or
(Terramycin) l Antibiotics / Eye ointment O. U. binds reversibly to Prophylaxis for to tetracyclines, vomiting,diarrhea, hepatic
Anti-Infectives & the 30S and Superficial children <8 yr, glossitis, impairment;
Antiseptics possibly 50S ophthalmic renal damage. dysphagia, myasthenia
ribosomal infections Pregnancy, photosensitivity, gravis; lupus
subunits, thus lactation. esphageal erythematosus,
inhibiting irritation and children <12 yr.
bacterial protein ulceration,
synthesis and nephrotoxicity,
arresting cell enterocolitis, rash
growth. It is (rare), blood
active against a dyscrasias.
wide range of Headache, visual
gram-positive and disturbances;
gram-negative intracranial
organisms.. hypertension;
bulging
fontanelles
(infants).
V. DRUG STUDY

FUROSEMIDE

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Furosemide Diuretics 2 mg IVT now Furosemide Edema; Severe sodium and Fluid and May be taken with
(Lasix) inhibits Pulmonary edema water depletion, electrolyte or without food.
reabsorption of Na hypersensitivity to imbalance. (May be taken w/
and chloride sulphonamides Rashes, meals to reduce GI
mainly in the and furosemide, photosensitivity, discomfort.)
medullary portion hypokalaemia, nausea, diarrhoea, Prostatic
of the ascending hyponatraemia, blurred vision, hyperplasia.
Loop of Henle. precomatose states dizziness, Hepatic or renal
Excretion of associated with headache, impairment, gout,
potassium and liver cirrhosis, hypotension. Bone DM, impaired
ammonia is also anuria or renal marrow depression micturition.
increased while failure. Addison's (rare), hepatic Infusion rate
uric acid excretion disease. dysfunction. should not exceed
is reduced. It Hyperglycaemia, 4 mg/min to
increases plasma- glycosuria, reduce the risk of
renin levels and ototoxicity. ototoxicity.
secondary Potentially Monitor fluid and
hyperaldosteronis Fatal: Rarely, electrolyte balance
m may result. sudden death and and renal function.
Furosemide cardiac arrest. May lower serum
reduces BP in Hypokalaemia and levels of calcium
hypertensives as magnesium and magnesium,
well as in depletion can thus serum levels
normotensives. It cause cardiac should be
also reduces arrhythmias. monitored.
pulmonary oedema Pregnancy and
before diuresis has lactation.
set in.
V. DRUG STUDY

GENTAMYCIN

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic Frequency/ of Action Precaution
(Brand) Route
Gentamycin Aminoglycosides / Topica 10 mg IVTT Gentamicin is an Susceptible History of Dizziness or vertigo; Concurrent use
l Antibiotics / Eye Anti- OD N.T. aminoglycoside infections; hypersensitivity to acute renal failure, of neuromuscular
Infectives & that binds to 30s Superficial aminoglycoside; interstitial nephritis, blocking agents;
Antiseptics / Ear Anti- and 50s ophthalmic pregnancy; acute tubular necrosis; myasthenia
Infectives & Antiseptics ribosomal infections hepatic electrolyte gravis,
subunits of impairment, imbalances; transient parkinsonism;
susceptible perforated ear elevation of serum conditions
bacteria drum. bilirubin and predisposing to
disrupting protein aminotransferases; ototoxicity and
synthesis, thus purpura; nausea, nephrotoxicity;
rendering the vomiting; lactation.
bacterial cell convulsions, mental Monitor plasma
membrane depression, concentrations of
defective. hallucinations. gentamicin in
Atrophy or rat patients receiving
necrosis at inj sites. high doses or
Potentially prolonged
Fatal: Nephrotoxicity courses, in
, ototoxicity and infants, elderly,
neuromuscular patients with
blockade (may renal
unmask or aggravate impairment,
myasthaenia gravis). cystic fibrosis or
significant
obesity. Monitor
auditory and
renal functions.
V. DRUG STUDY

AMPICILLIN

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Ampicillin Anti-infectives 100 mg IVT q Ampicillin exerts Susceptible Hypersensitivity; GI upset, nausea, Should be taken
(Penicillins ) 12oN.T. bactericidal action infections infectious vomiting, on an empty
on both gm+ve mononucleosis. diarrhoea; blood stomach. (Take on
and gm-ve dyscrasias; an empty stomach
organisms. Its urticaria, exfoliative 1 hr before or 2 hr
spectrum includes dermatitis, rash; after meals.)
gm+ve organisms fever, seizures; Renal failure;
eg, S pneumoniae interstitial nephritis. patients with
and other Potentially lymphatic
Streptococci, L Fatal: Anaphylacti leukaemia or HIV
monocytogenes c shock; infections;
and gm-ve pseudomembranous pregnancy and
bacteria eg, M colitis; lactation.
catarrhalis, N neuromuscular
gonorrhoea, N hypersensitivity;
meningitidis, E electrolyte
coli, P mirabilis, imbalance.
Salmonella,
Shigella, and H
influenzae.
Ampicillin exerts
its action by
inhibiting the
synthesis of
bacterial cell wall.
V. DRUG STUDY

CEFTAZIDIME

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Ceftazidime Anti-infectives 100 mg slow IVT Ceftazidime binds Susceptible Hypersensitivity to Hypersensitivity, History of
(Cephalosporins) q 12o N.T. to one or more of infections cephalosporins. dizziness, penicillin allergy;
the penicillin- diarrhoea, nausea, severe renal
binding proteins vomiting, renal impairment;
(PBPs) which impairment, rash, pregnancy,
inhibits the final erythema lactation.
transpeptidation multiforme,
step of thrombocytopaenia,
peptidoglycan superinfection,
synthesis in phloebitis and
bacterial cell wall, thrombophloebitis
thus inhibiting at the site of
biosynthesis and injection.
arresting cell wall Potentially
assembly resulting Fatal: Anaphylacti
in bacterial cell c reactions,
death. nephrotoxicity,
pseudomembranous
colitis.
V. DRUG STUDY

AMIKACIN

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Amikacin Anti-infective) 15 mg slow IVT Amikacin binds to Susceptible Gm-ve Pregnancy, Tinnitus, vertigo; Renal impairment;
Aminoglycosides OD N.T. 30S ribosomal infections perforated ear ataxia and overt vertigo, tinnitus.
subunits of drum, myasthenia deafness. Discontinue if
susceptible gravis, Potentially signs of
bacteria, thus hypersensitivity. Fatal: Ototoxicity, ototoxicity,
inhibiting its nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity or
protein synthesis. neuromuscular hypersensitivity
blockade. occurs; lactation.
Safety has not
been established
for treatment
period >14 days.
Monitor renal
function before
and during
treatment.
V. DRUG STUDY

DIBENCOZIDE

Name of Drug Classification Dose/ Mechanism Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Generic (Brand) Frequency/ of Action Precaution
Route
Dibencozide Appetite 1 mg (HErnaclene) Dibencozide Premature None None None
(Hernaclene) Enhancers mix with milk OD increases the babies, low birth
protein wt, retarded
"efficiency growth, poor
coefficient" ie, appetite in infant,
the percentage childn & adult,
of "bound adjuvant to
nitrogen" for treatment of TB
protein build-up & other chronic
in the body ailments,
compared to convalescence
"ingested from acute
nitrogen" with infection or
food intake. The surgery, faulty
initial sign of nutrition in older
people.
effectiveness is
manifested by a
marked increase
in appetite.
Thus,
dibencozide
facilitates
optimum
utilization of
dietary protein
intake,
contributes to
the formation
and repair of
body tissues and
stimulates
appetite.