CONSERVATION ANALYSIS & MANAGEMENT PLAN CHRIST CHURCH COMPLEX ST KILDA OCTOBER197 HELEN LARDNER CONSERVATION & DESIGN 114 Moor Street, Fitzroy VIC 3065 ph 03 9486 9920, fax 03 9486 9968CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 11 Brief & acknowledgements 12 Study team 13 Site plan é& conservation policy plan 14 Structure of the report 15 Methodology and definitions 16 Heritage listings 20 HISTORICAL INFORMATION 21 History of the complex 2.1.1 The School House 2.4.2 Christ Church 2.1.3 Christ Church Organ 3.1.4 Bishop’s Residence 3.15 Vicarage 3.16 Parish Fall 22 Architects of the Christ Church Complex 23 Notable people of Christ Church 24 Heritage Couneil Permits 32. PHYSICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS 31 Physleal and architectural analysis of the comples UCD, Chast Gharch Gompion So 3.14 Christ Church 3.1.2 Bishop's Residence 3.13 Viearage 3.14 Parish Hal ‘Comparative Analysis of Christ Church Complex CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Methodology and criteria for cultural significance Statement of cultural significance Levels of significance Recommended permit exemptions PAGE 10 u 2 B 4% 15 ” 2B 24 PI ra 8 seegere songs| 60 CONSERVATION POLICY Introduction General conservation policy 5.21 Christ Church 5.22 Bishop's Residence 523 Viearage 5.24 Parish Hall MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CHURCH 61 Condition Assessment and Conservation Works | 62 Maintenance 7.0 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES 1 The Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter 2 Photographs of Christ Church 3. Selected maps and photographs 4 Windows at Christ Church, report by Bronwyn HughesABSTRACT AIM ‘The aim of this report is to establish the cultural significance of the Christ Church complex and to formulate conservation policies and a management plan to retain and enhance the significance of the place. ‘STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ‘The Christ Church complex, St Kilda is of outstanding significance to the State of Victoria for the following reasons. ‘The Christ Church complex, St. Kilda comprises four main buildings: the Church, Bishop's Residence, Vicarage and Parish Hall located on land granted to the Church cof England in 1850. The land, surrounded on all four sides by streets and named Church Square, isa rare and significant square in the history of town planning in Victoria. It demonstrates the importance of the Church in the 18508 and, as the only known surviving example, demonstrates continuing importance to the communitY. All the buildings on the square are integral and important components of an tecelesiatcal group which date from the mid 1850s to the second decade of the twentieth century. Three of the four (excepting the Parish Hall) demonstrate the Gothic Revival style interpreted by the important local architecture firms, Purchas & ‘Swyer and Smith & Watts over a 30 year period from 1854 to 1884. The buildings ‘demonstrate both a development and application of the style to domestic and church architecture, and a cohesive vision for the development of Church Square as a whole (Christ Churck was constructed in 1854-57 to the designs of the architect, Charles ‘Swyer of the rm Purchas é Swyer and enlarged in 1974 and 1661 to the designs of architect Sydney W Smith, of Smith & Watts. Christ Church is an unusual interpretation of the Geometric Decorated Gothic and the only known example of the use of regalarly coursed, rock faced, sandstone from Poin’ King, Sorrento. Christ Churck demonstrates outstanding craftsmanship in its strong articulation of ‘mass and richly textured wall surfaces; its lofty chancel with richly coloured wall stencilling; its timber trussed ceiling; and its fine and varied collection of stained glass which includes examples of the work of leading stained glass firms and artists in Victoria in the nineteenth and early twentieth century: Fe-guson & Urie, William Montgomery and Brooks Robinson. The western rose window is notable for its unusual curved triangular shape, said to have been modelled on Lichfield Cathedral, and the first known use of this shape in Victoria. It influenced later examples in Victoria, including S: George's Presbyterian Church, East St Kilda, designed by Purchas in 1877. LCD, Chit Cher Camp S. Kilda, Conservation Aly and Managemen PenTThe organ, built in 1859 by the important organ builder William Hill of London, is the earliest documented Fill organ to be exported to an Australian Church. It was altered in 1874 by the notable Melbourne organ builder George Fincham, and again by the Fincham firm in 1910, In 1916, it was enlarged by Meadway and Slatterie The Bishop's Residence was built in the mid 1850s as the original Parsonage and extended in 1859 and 1864 by Purchas & Swyer. In 1872-73, architect Thomas Watts, ff Smith & Watts, supervised additions and repairs. It is important as one of the earliest surviving two storey domestic buildings in the Gothic Revival style in Victoria. In 1884 the present Vicarage was constructed and the original building was leased to private owners for 50 years and then used for church and community related activities until becoming the Bishop's Residence in 1987 ‘The 1884 Vicarage, designed by architect Sydney W Smith, is important as a fine domestic example of a later version of the Gothic Revival style. It retains a high degree of integrity The Parish Hall, designed by Richardson and Wood Architects, was builtin 1914. Tt hhas substantial recent additions. LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE [As summarised in the Statement of Significance for Christ Church, SUKilda, the ‘complex as a whole is of outstanding significance to the State of Vietoria. ‘The levels of significance are based on analysis of the physical and documentary evidence formulated into the Statement of Cultural Significance Within the complex, individual areas have been analysed as to their level of significance as follows: Of State significance ‘Church Square, the whole ofthe land bounded on all four sides by streets Christ Church ‘The Bishop's Residence ‘The Viearage Of local significance “The Parish Hall HLCD, Gat Ghurch Compe St Kl, Conservation Analy and Management Fan 4GENERAL CONSERVATION POLICY FOR THE CHRIST CHURCH COMPLEX For this section refer to the site plan & conservation policy drawing on page 10. Essential actions Approach |All future conservation or development actions for the Christ Church complex should be based on the principles of the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (The Burra Charter) [As the Christ Church complex is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, approval from the Heritage Council must be obtained for all alterations to the Registered buildings and designated land other than those aspects of work specifically exempted by the FIC. A list of suggested permit exemptions has been included in this report but unless formally adopted by the Heritage Couneil, they remain only as recommendations. ‘The whole of the land, the Church, Bishop's residence, Viearage and Parish Hall have been identified as significant and should have a conservation approach applied to all aspects of works and use which effect them. This will ensure that the significance of the place is maintained, and that structures are maintained to a condition which will ensure long life, [A permanent display about the history, significance and interpretation of the Cheist Church complex should be located in a public area. Conservation Analysis and Management Plan ‘A copy of this Conservation Analysis and Management Plan report, and any updates, Should be kept in permanent archive but also kept as a readily accessible document for those responsible for making decisions or carrying out works to the Christ Church complex The implications of this Conservation Analysis and Management Plan, and its updates, should be considered in all future decisions for conservation or development actions. All changes should be adequately documented with records held by the Heritage Council, the City of Port Phillip, the Anglican Diocese and lodged in the State ibrar. ‘This Conservation Analysis and Management Plan should be reviewed and updated with the resultant findings made available to the Heritage Council, the City of Port Phillip and the Anglican Diocese. ‘The recommendations of the Management Plan should be regularly reassessed every five years and any urgent or priority actions, identified. isaster plan, A disaster plan should be devised and implemented for the complex. Fire is likely to bbe the major disaster source. Appropriate methods of fire detection, containment and firefighting should be devised which will both protect occupants of the building and ensure the survival of the building fabric itself, UCD, Chest Church Compe St Kilda, Conservation Analysis and Management Fan 3A plan for retrieval of materials immediately after a disaster should be devised and held with appropriate authorities offsite with a complete set of plans ard photographs of the detailed construction, Inventory An inventory of the stained glass windows of Christ Church should be undertaken including the recommendations of a stained glass conservator. Conservation of significant glass should be undertaken, An inventory of movable items, including furniture, art works, memorials and any other items associated with the history of the Christ Church complex, should be undertaken. A qualified curator should make recommendations about the collection, including the display and storage of items. Conservation of significant items should be undertaken. Alterations, adaptations & new development ‘Any alterations made should be documented as part of the recording of the history of the Christ Church complex Adaptations introducing new materials or design should be done in a simple contemporary manner not by falsely recreating the appearance of age. They should bbe done in a manner sympathetic to the existing significant fabric. Areas available for adaptation have been centfied inthe discussion of specific buildings and the accompanying ste plan Limited development of new structures is permitted on this site as shoven on the | accompanying plan provided that {| “new structures are Of diminutive scale compared to existing buildings; | “sited in a location clearly removed from the historic fabric of the existing buildings; “ie 0 sto retain sigficant vas onto Church Square and between he buds “screen planted to reduce ther visual impact. Additions to existing buildings should be sited to replace recent additions and to hhave minimal impact on the existing historic fabric and views into the ste. [New work should not alter the exterior elevations of the historic fabric of buildings ‘except for the return of the structure to the original form and for essential works 10 prevent deterioration. Visible new services shuld be desigined Wo Nave minima impact on the appearance of the original spaces. Recent additions to buildings should be seen as opportunities for alterations if required to avoid further change to significant historic fabric. ‘Material should be retained insitu without removal or alteration wherever possible. Pathways should be found for services which will avoid damage to the histori fabric. Reconstruction of original elements and/or finishes should only occur if the precise original form can be determined, Reconstruction should be a lesser priority than the retention of original fabric. LCD, Chat Church Compiox St Kl, Conervaton vals and Managment Fan éUse ‘The Christ Church complex should be retained for church purposes. Adaptation of the buildings to new uses should only occur if these will not diminish the conservation significance of the site. Adaptation could be considered for the Parish Hall but should retain a community based focus. Setting Street views of the Christ Church complex and its landscape setting and layout should be protected. It is essential thatthe buildings be seen in a landscape setting. ‘The views to and from the site contribute substantially to the qualities of the place. ‘The whole of the land bounded by Acland Street, SLLeonard’s Avenue, Church Square and Eildon Road, originally known as Church Square, should be retained and not subdivided or sold. ‘The vistas from all roads surrounding the complex should be maintained. Plantings should reinforce the garden setting. Significant tree specimens should be ‘maintained and replaced as necessary, including Mortan Bay figs. A professional horticultural survey should be undertaken to identify significant trees and provide advice on their maintenance and replacement. Horticultural and landscaping advice is required to establish the appropriate layout for the grounds in a historical context. Parking Parking, except for the individual residences, should not generally be permitted on. site but emergency access should be maintained. If parking is established as absolutely necessary for the functioning of the site for church purposes, a designated parking area as shown on the accompanying plan should be used. ‘The visual impact of carparking should be reduced by screen planting and a surface which is not permanently hard paved. Parking should not be around the perimeter of the Chureh, Desirable actions Investigation should be undertaken to establish evidence of previous internal finishes and colour schemes for the whole complex. Consideration should be given to recreating finishes and interior colour schemes in the Church to complement the Stenciling to the choir. If no evidence of appropriate early paint schemes can be found, then the paint schemes should be kept simple so as not to confuse interpretation of authentic schemes with conjecture. Consideration should be given to recreating the perimeter fencing to the Church as shown in appendix 3, igure 10, Consideration should be given to recreating the landscaping layout illustrated on the 18903 MMBW Drainage Plan, appendix 3, igure 2, particularly around the Church, the Bishop's residence and the Vicarage. Note that itis not applicable to the whole site as, at this time, the School building was still extant (called the Christ Church Hall on the plan) and the Parish Hall was not built. UCD, Ch Chueh Complex St Kid, Conservation Araya and Managem Fan1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BRIEF AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The aim of this report is to establish the cultural significance of the Christ Church ‘complex and to formulate conservation policies and a management plan to retain and enhance the significance of the place. ‘The Conservation Analysis and Management Plan was commissioned by Mr Charles Baird, Church Warden, on behalf of the Parish of Christ Church in November 1996, Assistance for funding the study was provided by the Heritage Council, Victoria, ‘The Conservation Analysis and Management Plan was circulated in draft form for comment to the following people: Jennette Kilby, Architect, Heritage Victoria ‘The Rev. David Townsend, Christ Church, St Kilda Grant Stevenson, Architect, Christ Church Buildings Committee ‘The authors are grateful forthe assistance provided by the people mentioned above. In addition, valuable help was provided to the project by Joan Glover, great grand daughter of original architec fr Chist Church, Charis Swyer, who holds an outstanding collection of information about Swe Bronveyn Hughes stained glass onservator The Rev. Philip Hutchinson, immediate past Vicar at Christ Church The Rev. David Townend, Vicar at Christ Church The RE Rev. Dr John Wibon, Bishop of the Southern Region ‘The scope of the study, as determined by the brief, was to analyse the significance and formulate conservation policies forthe whole of the site. A management pan was ‘undertaken for the Church building only The brief did not include the preparation of measured drawings for the complex. An extensive search was undertaken for all existing drawings. The drawings w sich have been located are included in appendix 3. LCD, Crit hureh Compe, St Kilda, Conservation Anaya an Management lan o12 STUDYTEAM The authors of this report are Ms Helen Lardner and Dr Carlotta Kellaway. Dr Kellaway is responsible for historical research and section 2 of the report. Ms Lardner is the author of the other sections. Jacqui Lomas of HLCD undertook some Of the preliminary investigation for the report. Lorraine Huddle contributed to the comparative analysis section Copyright is held jointly by Christ Church St Kilda, the Victorian Heritage Council, Dr Carlotta Kellaway and Helen Lardner Conservation and Design. UCD, Chit Ghureh Capex St Kid, Conservation Araya and Managers Fan 9‘CHURCH SQUARE playground 7) H ene 4 Bishoo's Residence 2) christ Charen 3) ran al] & peal & 8 3 —~ 2) Vearage North LEGEND “Land reserved for church purposes 1850 School building 1850, Burnt down 1977 (shown dotted) 1 Church completed 1854-1857 (extent shown dotted) i auditions between 1874-185) 2) Vicarage 1854, 3) Parish Hall 1914 [Bishop's Residence c1853, additions 1859, 1864 & 1873 ZZ Recent additions available for adaptation ix Land available for new uses, ie public toilets, hall or car parking ITE PLAN & ‘ONSERVATION POLICY Helen Lardner Conservation & Design {La Mor Swe sno Vie Sos1 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ‘The structure and contents of this report have been written with reference to the key relevant cultural heritage documents in Australia, ‘These are: HCD, Can Church Comper Se The Australia ICOMOS charter for the conseroation of places of cultural significance (the Burra Charter) Reproduced as Appendix 1. Peter Marquis-Kyle & Meredith Walker. The Illustrated Burra Charter, Making good decisions about the care of important places, Australia ICOMOS, Sydney 1992. Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Cultural significance Australia ICOMOS, April 1984, revised April 1988 Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Conservation poticy Australia ICOMOS, May 1985, revised April 1988, Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Procedures for undertaking studies and reports, Australia ICOMOS, April 1988, James Semple Kerr, The Conseroation Plan. A guide to the preparation of Conservation Plans for places of European cultural significance, National Trust of Australia (NSW), Sydney, 1982, revised 1990. da, Conservation Analy an Management Plan1.5. METHODOLOGYANDDEFINITIONS: ‘The terms ‘place’, ‘cultural significance’, fabric, ‘conservation’, ‘maintenance’, ‘preservation’, ‘restoration, ‘reconstruction, ‘adaptation, and ‘compatible use’ are used throughout this report with their specifie meaning as defined in the ICOMOS Burra Charter, rather than meanings drawn from common usage. The Charter is reproduced in Appendix 1 for easy reference. ‘The fabric of a place, includes all the physical aspects of the place and its surroundings that are experienced while being there. With careful study, the fabric of the place can convey information which may be interpreted. Combined with further research, it may provide information about cultural significance, that is aesthetic, historic scientific or social value of the place. Based on an understanding of the cultural significance of the place, conservation policies can be established to protect the significance of the place. Conservation may include the following types of actions: + Maintenance is defined as the continuous protective care of the fabric, the contents and the setting of a place. Preservation means maintaining the fabric fof a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration Maintenance has to do with the overall management of the place. Preservation may be one of the actions requized. * Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state. It can be done by the removal of additions or by reassembling the components of the existing fabric. It does not involve the introduction of new material Reconstruction does involve the introduction of new materials into the existing fabric to restore it as near as possible to an earlier state. Hence reconstruction and restoration share the same aim of achieving an earlier state Dut differ in that only reconstruction involves the introduction of new ‘materials. * Adaptation is the process of modifying a place to suit proposed compatible uses. These are uses which involve no change, changes which have minimal impact or are reversible. Adaptation is acceptable only when necessary to conserve a place and when it does not detract from cultural significance. 121.6 EXISTINGHERITAGELISTINGS ‘The Christ Church Complex, St. Kilda is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register as ‘number H 996. The following, statement of significance has been adopted by the Heritage Council (HC) ‘The Christ Church complex, St. Kilda comprises four main buildings: the Church, ishop’s Residence, Vicarage and Parish Hall. Christ Chureh was ‘constructed in 1854-57 to the designs of Purchas & Swyer and enlarged in 1874 and 1881 to the designs of Sydney W Smith. The Bishop's Residence was built in the mid 1850's as the original Vicarage. In 1884 the present Viearage was constructed and the original building was used for church related activities, until becoming the Bishop's Residence in 1987. The Parish Hall, designed by Richardson and Wood Architects, was built by FJ. Fait in 1944 * Christ Church, the Bishop's Residence, the Vicarage and the Parish Hall are located on land granted to the Church of England in 1855 and named Church Square, a rare and significant square in the history of town planning in Victoria which demonstrates the importance of the Church to the community. * All the buildings on the square are integral and important components of an ecclesiatcal group which demonstrate a changing sequence of architectural styles from the early 1850's to the second decade of the twentieth century. * Christ Church demonstrates outstanding craftsmanship in its triangelar rose ‘window, said to have been modelled on Lichfield Cathedral; its lofty chancel with richly coloured wall stencilling; its timber trussed ceiling; and its fine and varied collection of stained glass which includes examples of the work of leading stained glass firms and artists in Victoria in the nineteenth and early twentieth century: Ferguson é& Urie, William Montgomery and Brooks Robinson, * The material used in the construction of the Church is noteworthy as a rarely uused undressed random coursed sandstone from Point King, Sorrento. * The western rose window is of particular note forts unusual shape, The only other similar example known in Victoria is at St George's Presbyterian Church Eat StKilda, designed by Purch in 1877 * The organ san important element ofthe Church. Buin 189 by the noted erganbulder Wiliam Hil of London and enlarged in 1916 by Monday sd iter itis the east documented Fl organ fo be exported toan ‘Australian Church. - The extent of designation of the HC registration is all of the buildings and land excluding the temporary prefabricated addition to the rear of the Parish Hall and excluding all of the outbuildings and playground equipment on the site. A specific schedule is held by the Director of the Heritage Council. HUCD, Crist Church Ganple Silda, Conservation Aras and Managarcnt Pan 13[Any alterations to the Registered buildings or development of the Registered land requires a permit from the HC, in accordance with the Heritage Act 1996 Under the City of Port Phillip local planning provisions,the Christ Church complex is listed and within an Urban Conservation Zone. Alterations to the building require a planning permit pursuant to the Planning and Environment Act 1987, and a building permit in accordance with the Building Code of Australia, Chis: Church is included on the Rey National Trust of Australia (Vie.) + of the National Estate and classified by the ‘The National Estate citation states: Christ Church, StKilda, fronting Acland Street and replacing an earlier structure afterwards used as a common school, was erected in 1854-57 to the design of Melbourne Diocesan Architects Purchas and Swyer with additions of a large chancel and other improvements by Sydney W. Smith in 1874 and 1881. The church, originally conceived as aT” plan with comer tower and small apse in the English decorated gothic style is constructed of the rarely used Point King Sorrento sandstone. Christ Church St-Kilda, the central element of an interesting building group located on the Church Square reservation and including the original church parsonage pre 1855, is an unusual if incomplete design enhanced by the dominant triangular spherical window in the west gable ( modelled on Lichfield Cathedral ), the decorated doorways and the octagonal corner turret. ‘The interior of Christ Church, the oldest surviving church in St Kilda, is notable for the timber roof truss configurations and the highly decorated chancel and altar. The square in which these buildings are situated is highly significant in the history of town planning in Victoria. (Christ Church St Kilda, still in constant use by the local congregation, is intact although the fabri is badly weathered and affected by damp. HCD, Christ Chureh Complex St.Klda, Conservabon Analysis and Management Pan2.0 HISTORICALINFORMATION 2. History of the complex ‘The earliest history of the Anglican community of St. Kilda was associated with that suburbs birth in the 1840s as an affluent bayside resort. During the gold rush years that followed, merchants, financiers and professional men built fine villas and terraces there so that, by 1861, "St. Kilda was already recognised as the proper place to live, and local institutions like Christ Church, the St. Kilda Volunteers and the St. Kida Ladies College had become important rungs in Melbourne's social ladder, In the 1870s according to one writer, the suburbs of St. Kilda and Brighton were regarded as “the most fshionable suburbs of Melbourne" where "may ofthe mansions of the merchant princes of Melbourne are to be found’2 The Anglican community played a major role in the development of St. Kilda. This role as an important district institution continued into later decades when St. Kilda’s character underwent striking changes. Christ Church in Acland Street has bwen notable over more than a century for its response to changing community reeds, “he first Anglican Church service at St. Kilda was conducted on Sunday, 23 December 1849, by Henry Jennings in his own Fitzroy Street home. A Sunday School class for 16 children was held on the same day.3 211 The schoo! house A first timber Anglican school house was constructed (later replaced by a brid structure). This brick building formed the eastern half ofthe later Common School on the same site Anglican records confirm that in 1850 the foundations for a brick school room were dug out on land granted by the Government. ‘The proposed building was to measure 40 feet by 20 feet and be able to hold 120 to 140 pervens When completed, according to an article in the Church of England Mestenger, "it will afford a proof, as well of the prosperity of the picturesque village in whech it stands, as of the Christian liberality of its inhabitant The land grant of one acre, four roods, was approved on 13 April 1850. As was the ccastom, the land was granted as a reserve for church purposes. Provisions were ‘made for the erection on the St. Kilda site of a church on an acre of this land, with {to smaller two rood allotments for a school and dvvelling.6 ‘The grant was one of a ‘Meliourne on Foot, ed. Graeme Davison, p22 ‘Australia usrated EC. Booth 187, Vo, pp. 8,79. Iabilee History. Christ Caroh, St Klde, 1857-907, pa. Bid, pa {Church of Englond Mesenger, 1850. (Copy supplied by Mrs Joan Glover) Cow Lands Granted to Religions Denominations. Prior t 2 Iuy 1851. (Le. Date of Separation LCD, Christ Church Compl, 5 Kia, Coreraion Anlst and Manages han 15number made before separation, the greatest number being to the Church of England, Roman Catholic Church, Wesleyan Church and Presbyterian Church (in that order), with a small number of land grants to the Baptists, Independents and Jews? ‘The Christ Church site was originally known as Church Square on Acland Street, It is bound curently by St. Leonard's Avenue, Church Square and Eildon Road. The former Church Square isa rare and significant square inthe history of town planning in Victoria which demonstrates the importance of the church in the ‘community. The deeds fr the land grant were sued after separation on 20, February 18558 ‘A number of views of the early school house have survived. (appendix 3, figures) The building, which served as a church on Sundays before the erection af a permanent church, was destroyed by fire in 1977. The school is indicated on the 1855 James Kearney Map of Melbourne and its Suburbs, It is shown as a smell timber structure at che rear of the church, adjacent to a timber parsonage. There is no evidence of such an early parsonage being buill. A school house was also shown on, the later 1873-74 Vardy map of the Acland Street area. (appendix 3, figure 1) By this time, it was a much more substantial structure used as a Common School and divided into boys' and girs' classrooms and is adjacent to the more substantial 1850s Parsonage. Later stil, the former school house and Common School was indicated jn Church Square as "Christ Church Hall” on an 1890s MMBW Drainage Plan. (appendix 3, figure 2) The Hall, with an entrance into the present St. Leanards Avenue, is located in front of the new Parsonage (the present Vicarage) builtin 1884, with its Acland Street entrance.10 ‘A photograph of the former school house is held on a National Trust fe. The building hasa brick facade and iron roof.11 Early church services were held in the school house between 1850 and 1852. ‘They were conducied by the Rev. H.W.W. Liddiard, who was on leave of absence from his church in Ireland. Liddiard was assisted by the Rev. J. Brickwood, a Meboumne schoolmaster and Minister at Brighton, and the Rev. Mr. Sullivan. The building was licensed by the Bishop of Melbourne on 7 November 1851.12 ‘The next incumbent was the Rev. David Seddon, who arrived in Melbourne from Cheshire in December 1852, Defore a Chuist Church parsonage was built Seddon and his family lived in the newly-completed Vicarage at St. Peter's, Eastern Hill13 ‘Colony of New South Wales) Inte istry, 9 9 Vary map Plan of th Borouph of St Kile sured and compiled une the deton ofthe rom Cour by FES. Vandy. 1873, SLV. Map oom 210 AAMBW Detail Pan, City of SL Kida, 136,197 11 National Trust of Assia (Wie) Fle 235 12 Jubilee istry, pa 2B Bid ps. LCD, Christ Church Complex St Kida, Conservation Anais and Manage Plan 1624.2 Christ Church In 1852 a meeting of the St. Kilda congregation agreed on the need to raise money to build a permanent church and parsonage on the Church Square site. It was reported that the financing by subscription of the school house, costing 450 pounds, had been ‘successful. A sum of 360 pounds had already been raised for the “Parsonage-house" At. Kilda Church and School Committee was formed at this meeting, Daring February 1853 two public meetings of parishioners were held in the “licensed School Room’. By this time the subscriptions towards a parsonage had "reached to ‘upwards of 1000 pounds"15. an extremely grand sum in those days. The history of the Old Vicarage willbe discussed in Section 21.4. Later that month, on 23 February, it was reported thatthe sum of 1840 pounds had already been raised towares the 250) pounds needed forthe church.16 ‘A remarkable story has been told about the chosen architect for the Christ Church buildings, Charles Robert Swyer (1825-1876). Tt was said that “on Mr Seddon bidding, farewell to his congregation in England, a young man whose professional training as ‘an architect had been almost completed, said, T shall go out to Australia and build you a church’. The young man was Charles Swyer, the archtect of Christ Church".17 On 12 November 1853 the Melbourne architectural firm, Purchas and Swyer, the ‘official Diocesan Architects called tenders for “the erection of a new church at St. Kilda’.18 This firm will be discussed in greater detail in Section 2.2. Purchas, who ‘was Swyer's partner and brother-in-law, appears to have played no part in drawing. up the plans for, or supervision of the work at, Christ Church, St. Kilda. Further tenders were called by the firm on 3 December 1853.19 On 1 November 1854 a meeting of subscribers to the new Church listened to a report by the architect, Swyer, on nine tenders that he had received. By this time above 3000 pounds had been raised. It was resolved to accept tenders for the whole building, ‘with the exception of the Tower and Spire,” and to fix a date for the laying of the foundation stone20 ‘The foundation stone was laid on 29 November 1854. Swyer’s plan, which had been approved 12 months before, was for a nave, two transepts and a chancel. The Jubilee History, waich included a sketch of the "Original Design of Christ Church” with a tower and steeple, commented that "the complete design has never been caried 14 cha of England Mesiener, 152. Copy spied by Mr Jan lve. 15a 1653, 16 id 17 fab: History, 18 Matiwrte Head 12 No. 1853. 19 argue 3 Dee 185, 20 elhowne Church of England Masenger, 1 Now 185 21__Juber History pp illustration, HCD, Christ aurch Comex St. Kida, Conservation Analysis and Management Plan 17‘On 14 October 1855 Purchas and Swyer called tenders for the completion of the uilding22 Interesting new information about the problems faced by the designing architect, Charles Swyer, during the construction of Christ Church, has been found in a Letter Book held by a descendent, Mrs Joan Glover, of Camberwell. She is the grand ddaugater of Swyer’s eldest daughter, Swyer had problems with the supply of stone from the contractor, Adam Duncan, during 1854 and early 1855. This sone, "a rarey-used sandstone from Point King, Sorrento,'23 was brought by punt and deposited on the beach at St. Kilda, It then had to be taken to the building stein Acland Street. Swyer complained about inferior stone being delivered; left on sections of the beach where sall water could get into i and that stone purchased for the church was being used by contractor for other js (On 8 February 1855, Swyer wrote to his building contractor, Thomas Came-on, saying that he went dover on the beach the previous night and "saw about two cart loads of stone lying on the ground above high water, and a quantity of stone was leton the Punt’. The next moming "no stone had been carted up to the chureh.. bul the stone fn the beach was gone and the punt sunk withthe stone init: 24 ‘Swyer’s only recourse was to terminate the contracts with Duncan and Cameron.25 ‘Swyer also had problems with the masonry contractor, Charles Balding, pa-ticularly hhis methods in “quarrying on the church reserve for rubble stone for backing". The architect was worried that Balding’s careless practices might "seriously injure the foundations of the tower". Swyer was also involved in disputes with carpenters and joiners, who often neglected to tum up for work 26 ‘An article in the Australian Builder of May 1856 described Swyer’s design for Christ Church as in an "early English style” and reported that the walls in front and to the south-east were ‘nearly ready to recvive the roof’. The article praised the builders for "doing justice to the ability of the architect” and claimed that “the carvings, enrichments, and work generally, are being executed in an artistic manner” ‘As we have seen, the church, schoolroom and parsonage were shown on Kearney's 1850s map, although the latter two are notin the forms constructed during the Swyer Period, and the depiction of the church is also inaccurate in form. The new church ‘Was officially opened and dedicated on 2 August 1857. Designed “under the personal Supervision of Charles Swyer,” Christ Church was deseribed as "a very handsome and substantial structure in the early English style, consisting of nave, north and south transepts, chancel, vestry Porches, and stone turret stair cases forthe galleries 22 Meltowne Herald 44 1855. 23. Miles Lewis, Victorian Churches p83. 24 charles Swe Later Book, 8 Feb. 1855, 25 i June 185, 26 id. 21 Jy 108611 Aug 1857 LCD, Gv Gurch Gate Silda, Conservation Asainand Management Plan asIts extreme length is 111 feet, width 32 feet, height to the ridge of the rvof 50 feet ‘The contemporary article told how the exterior of the church was "built with a close grained sandstone of a warm buff tint, procured from Point Nepean, and, contrary to ‘popular belief, has stood the test of exposure very well; a few bad stones which were ‘accidentally used have been removed; and it i found that the stone possesses the property of hardening by exposure to the atmosphere; no anxiety therefore need be felt as to the lasting quality of the material27 The durable quality ofthis stone became the subject of later debate. It was pointed out that “only twenty feet ofthe lower part of the tower is built, forming a porch to the western entrance’. When the tower and spire were ‘completed, it was said, they would be 130 feet in height. It was claimed that “even at present, the main body of the church is a striking object from all sides" and that "the addition of tower and spire will form an interesting landmark both by sea and land” 28 The article also praised the carpentry used in the roof; the windows presented by ‘Thomas Edens of Bourke Street; and the “massive open benches, stained and varnished". The cost of the building at this time was 11,000 pounds of which 6,000 [pounds came from local subscriptions, 2000 pounds from Government grant, and 3000 pounds by the guarantees of 30 gentlemen for 100 pounds each? ‘The western circular rose window, which is thought to date from this period, is similar to the later rose window at St. Georges Presbyterian Church at Bast St. Kilda, built between 1877 and 1880 from Purchas' designs. This window is said to have ‘been modelled on Lichfield Cathedral 30 Later, on 12 September 1859, the Church's Building Committee decided to call tenders for an Organ Gallery, Swyer having submitted plans for works costing 200 pounds3! Tenders were called on 29 September:32 It was reported on December 1859 that a member of the congregation, W. Kaye, had paid for a new orgar to be ordered from England on the tinderstanding that there vas to be free accommodation in the new gallery. ‘The new ongan built by William Hil of London, a major firm of the period, was placed at the rear of the church on a raised platform and opened on 29 January 1860.34 ‘The later history of the Christ Church organ, regarded as one of the church's most significant features, will be discussed in Section 2.1.3 27 Melbourne Herald. 1A, 157 28 wid, 29 ia 3° Information supplied by Bronwyn Hughes 31 Chnst Church Parochial Committee Minates, 12 Sept 1858. 32 args 29 Sept 1852 33° chvst church Parochial Committee Minutes. § De. 1859, 34 EN, Matthews, Colonial Orgone and Organ burs, p49. LCD Cant Church Campos St Kilda, Conarvaton Anayasand Managemen Pan 13Christ Church was consecrated in 1863.55 It has been pointed out in the Jubilee History that the “internal fixtures and furniture of the church’ at this time were very different. “The pulpit, a typical three-decker, was placed in the middie of the church, in front of the Chancel rails. A winding stairs led up to it, and the font was in front of the reading pew below”, As we have seen, the organ was at the back of the church ‘on a raised platform near the entrance38 ‘The church, schoolhouse and early parsonage associated with the Charles Swyer period are all shown on the 1873 Vardy sketch. (appendix 3, figure 1) The early ‘Parsonage is discussed in Section 2.14 ‘The Church complex in the 1870s and 1880s During the early 18608 Charles Swyer went to New Zealand and by the late 18608 had returned to England, dying in 1876 at Manchester, aged 52.37 ‘On 24 June 1871 Swyer’s partner, Purchas, was commissioned to tender for “colouring the church inside” and was paid to supervise the work and superintend the erection of sunlights in the church38 However, by 1874, a new architect, Sydney W. Smith, had been commissioned to carry out the work. Biographical details and a consideration of Smith’s other work will be included in Section 22. It was announced in the Argus of 7 March 1874 that the architect, Sydney W. Smith, Was “erecting a new stone chancel vestry room and organ chamber” at Christ Church, St. Kilda. Church records confirm that in March 1874 a contract worth 1019 pounds had been made with the architect WS, Smith and the builder D. Flatnan for the enlargement of the church. This was an extremely large sum of money for the time.3? From 1880 until late 1881, the church was closed for these extensions and repairs 40 Smith was concerned about "faulty stones" in the Church’s “outside walls” and talked to the Parish Committee about cutting them out and replacing them with Wauen Ponds stone-#l This was an interesting decision in the light of earlie= and later concern about the durability ofthe stone used during the Swyer period, 35 able History, pi. 36 i. 37 Charles Swyer Family Date Sheet, Genealogical Solely of Victoria, compiled by Mrs Joan Glover 38 Accounts, Church Wardens of Christ Church, St Kida with A Purch, rch. 24 Jane 1571, 32 Christchurch, St. Kida. Accounts 30 Oct 1874 4 ubiee Hisery,p. $1 Christ hare Perish fs. 7 June 1861 HLCD, Chris Church Complex 5 Kila, Conservation Anlytand Management PanSmith called tenders in late June 1881 for additions, alterations and repairs to Christ ‘Church42 ‘These extensions are discussed in some detail in the Jubilee History. The writer told how ‘it was decided to erect a new chancel, and to effect some other changes. ‘The aisles of the church were originally paved with tiles. These were now displaced by ‘wood. The floor of the Church was lowered to the level of the aisles, and the seats altered. The west gallery was built the walls of the Church washed down and colored, and the roof and timbers cleaned. Some parts of the outside of the Church hhad decayed, and these were repaired with Waurn Ponds stone’, The pulpit was reduced in height and "the organ and choir were now removed to the chancel” The “beautiful decorative work of the chancel” cost 250 pounds.43 The church was re-opened on 3 September 1881.44 A sketch and description ofits interior appeared in the Australasian Sketcher of 1 July 1882. (appendix 3, fgure 9) Tt Was reported that the painted stencil work to the chancel had been executed by a Mr TT, Miteher of Windsor “after the style of Pugin. The illustration showed sculptural texts in Old English lettering on the Chancel Arch (now gone), The new interior decorations were described, also, in an Argus article dated 17 December 1884 Some fine examples of stained glass executed by the leading 19th century and tur of the century firms, Ferguson and Urie and Brooks Robinson, may date {rom this period. The St. Mark window on the north side of the nave, in memory Of ‘Constance Emily Fanning who died 28 May 1874, is thought to have been the second of the windows installed. n assessment of the windows at Christ Church has been prepared by Bronwyn Hughes of the Peninsula School of Art, Monash University. (appendix 4) Itis said that the decline of St, Kilda as an affluent suburb began around 1890, and, ‘once begun, ‘nothing could stop it"4® By the 1890s, an MMBW Drainage Plan. (appendix 3, figure 2) shows the Christ Church complex consisting of the Church, Christ Church Hell (the former school house), the new 1884 Parsonage behind the hall, and Lauriston, the former 1850s parsonage transformed into a private residence. ‘The history of the former early parsonage will be discussed in Section 2.15, ‘The only new major building added to the church complex was a Perish Hall builtin 1914, This will be discussed in Section 21.6. 42 argue 30) 8. 43 able Histor, pa2. 4 ia. 45 Information supplied by Bronwyn Hughes. 45 Metourme on Foot, p24 UCD, Ct Church Complex St Kilda, Conservation Analysis and Management Pan 2During the inter-war period many of the 19th century St. Kilda mansions were converted into apartments and flats, In 1923 the church was renovated and in 1947, redecorated under the supervision of the architect, George Mitchell 47 By the Second World War era “the transformation (of St. Kilda) was complete’. author Hai Porter claimed that, by this time, "St. Kilda, once a fashionable and grandiose seaside suburb a sort of ‘Aussie Cannes with a better beach, was become tawadry,... Nearer the sea are several night-clubs haunted by ear salesmen, petty criminals, ‘Albanians and their factory-hand pick-ups, confidence men and their moles."8 (Over more than a century Christ Church has responded to changes in the St. Kilda ‘community. In recent times, care was provided to drug addicts, many of whom were local prostitutes, More recently, church buildings have been used for concerts, conferences and plays, and the Parish Hall has become the home of Theatre Works. Since the 1977 fire that destroyed the early school house, the church complex has consisted of the church, the 1850s Parsonage (now the Bishop's Residence), the 1884 Parsonage (the present Vicarage) and the 1914 Parish Hall 2.1.3 Christ Church Organ The Christ Church organ ordered in 1859, paid for by W. Kaye, and built by the famous London firm, William Hill and Son, has been described a: a three-manal ‘organ of 26 stops with two manuals and 15 stops. It is notable as the “earliest documented Hill organ to be exported to an Australian Church retaining the Iajority of its original pipework, case and voicing" 49 At first in 1860, the organ was placed at the rear ofthe church on a raised platform. 1 was later rebuilt by the notable Melbourne ongan builder, George Fincham, with new soundboards, extended compass of swell organ, new action and woe new Sops, placed inthe organ-chamber and re-opened 12 December 187450 After the church re-opened, following extensions by the architect, Sydney W. Smith, the organ was reerected on a new platform by Fincham.51 In June 1910 Fincham and Sons undertook restoration work and additions costing 55 pounds." ‘The organ was sid to have been enlarged in 1916 by Meadvsay and Slatterie. gift of 300 pounds by Walter Howard-Smith paid for the restoration of the organ.53, 47 Information supplied bythe Rev. Hutchinson, 48 Melbourne on Fo, pp.124-125 49 Nationa Trust File 2352. 50 Matthews, p49; Church of England Meseonger7 Jan. 1875; George Finch Lets ST Church of England Mesenger 10Jan. 1882; C.F. Lters 3/26, 10/382 32 GE Later 22/613. 53 National Trust Pile 2352; Christ Church, Vestry Minutes 1 Feb. 19 'HLCD cht Charen Complex St Kil, CeservatonAnlyind Manapement an 22Celebrated organists associated with Christ Church included C.HLE. Childers, later the: Right Honourable Childers, meinber of the British House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer; David Lee, Melbourne City Organist; FP. Seddon in 1866; |S. Seddon in 1872; and H.C. Nott, 1882-1897.54 2.1.4. Bishop's Residence (The 1850s Parsonage) ‘As we have seen, in 1852 the sum of 360 pounds had already been raised fora aroonage-house” and, by Tebruary 1853 this had "reached upwards of 100) pounds ~ a very grand sum in those daye.5®. Some six years ltr, in 1859, tenders were called for additions to St. Kilda Parsonage.56 In 1864, Albert Purchas called tenders for further additions and repairs to the Parsonage.S7 Suyer had, by this time, gone to New Zealand. ‘Although a small timber parsonage is shown behind the church on the 1850s Kearney map, there is no evidence that this was ever built. However, the parsonage ‘shown on the 1873 Vardy plan appears to include most of the present building (appendix 3, figure 1) (On 24 july 1872 Purchas inspected the Parsonage for necessary repairs and prepared drawings and specifications. 58 However, a new architect carried out this werk. It ‘was reported that in December 1872 and July 1873 Thomas Watts (Sn), who was in partnership with Sydney W. Smith, supervised repairs and additions to the Christ Church Parsonage. On 30 December 1872 it was noted that 200 pounds had already been raised by the Parsonage Repair Fund. Receipts have survived for work eosting about 30 pounds carried out between February and July 1873 by the builder, RS kins supervised by Watts 59 ‘Thomas Watts other work will be discussed in Section 22. After a new Parsonage was builtin 1884 from the designs of the architect, Sydney W. Smith, the old Parsonage was leased to private owners for the next 50 years.%0 For some years it was known as “Lauriston” and fenced off from the other buileings in Church Square. It is shown on the 1890s MMBW Drainage Plan as a substantia! residence in a garden setting with extensions on the eastside, including, a la:ge trellis femnery. ‘There is a curving carriage drive to the St. Leonards Street entrance (appendix 3, figure 2) 54 Matthews pi 55 Chur of England Mesinger 18521853. 56 sygue27 spi 199 57 rue Warch 86, 58 rasonage eps Fund. 1872.73. $2. Receipt and Bills pid 1873. Nos. 2407, 2817, 25, [0 _Iubieetstry pa. “HUGD chest Ghar Complex, t Kd, Conservation Aras and Managemen Fan 23According to some accounts, the Parsonage lease was transferred back to the church inthe early 19208 and, in the 1930s, became a boarding house forthe schoul wilh « corrugated iron dwelling af the rear (now gone). A 1943 MMBW Drainage Plan shows the old parsonage of similar shape and dimensions as in the 1890s plan 6! (appendix 3, figure 3) In the 1970s the first parsonage was refurbished and became a Community Health Centre, Since 1987 it has been the Bishop's Residence, 21.5 The Present Vicarage On 12 September 1872 Christ Church Parish Minutes reported that a sufficient sum had been raised "to erect a new building in place of the present Parsonage st an estimated cost of 1800 pounds. A meeting of seatholders and parishioners in the school house on 26 September 1872 agreed that "a new Parsonage should be built in a plain, substantial manner, suitable for the accommodation of the family”, Tt was also ‘agreed that the old Parsonage should be sold at auction and the proceeds used for the new building 62 However the 1850s parsonage was retained. In October 1884 the architect, Sydney W. ‘Smith called tenders for a new two-storey brick Parsonage. The 1890s MLBW Drainage Plan shows the new Parsonage behind “Christ Church Hall", the former School House. (appendixd, figure2) The new building has an Acland Street entrance and asphalt paths connecting it with the church and the church hall. Long lawns extend along the Adland Street side. The 1943 MMBW plan shows a buildig of similar form and dimensions. (appendix 3, figure 3) Today, known as the Vicarage, the 1854 building is the home of the Vicar, But is also used for theatrical performances, concerts and conferences, 21.6 Parish Hall A new Parish Hall was built in 1914 from the designs of the architects, Richardson and Wood. The builder was FJ. Fair. The Rev. Hutchinson holds the onginal drawings, ‘The Minutes of the Annual Meeting of Christ Church's Vestry on 26 January 1914 eported that a New Schoo] Hall had been opened since the last annual mecing and had proved adequate. The total cost of the new building was 2754 pounds of which 1700 had been borrowed. Fire insurance for the hall was arranged in January 1915, Among groups using the hall at the time was the Jewish Red Cross Fund for Polish Reliet 64 Gf MMBHY Detail Plan. City of St. Kile 136. Revised 1943. 62 Chst Church. Parish Minutes. 12 Sep, 26 Sept 1872 63 apgus out 185, Christ Church. Parish Mines. 26 Jan 1914;26 fan, 29 Jane 1915, LCD Cvist Church Compiex St Kilda, Conservation Anais and Managemat Pan 24The 1943 MMBW Plan shows the new hall on the comer of Acland and St. Leonards ‘Streets, It was located in front of the former School House which was set well back from St. Leonards Street. (appendix 3, figure 3) Yoday, the 1914 hall is leased to a theatrical group, Theatre Works, Fencing and Lych Gate ‘An old photograph shows an elegant picket fence along the Acland Street section of the church complex. After the First World War, fencing and a lych gate were designed, according to church records, “as a permanent memorial 0 the soldiers of the parish who have fallen - over 200 have enlisted, and 20 have made the supreme sacrifice” 65 It is not known if the lych gate was ever built. The picket fence has now gone, 22 Architects of the Christ Church Complex Charles Robert Swyer (1825-1876) Charles Robert Swyer (1825-1876), architect and civil engineer, was the son of Robert Swyer. Charles was born in Manchester and baptised in Manchester Cathedral. He trained under Richard Lane, a Manchester architect and worked as Assistant Engineer in the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Office for seven years, He was engineer also to the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. Charles migrated to colonial Victoria with his father in 1852 and went into Partnership with Albert Purchas, (1825-1909), civil engineer, architect and surveyor. {In 1854, after the firm began work on Christ Church at St. Kilda, Purchas married ‘Charles’ twin sister, Elizabeth Anne Swyer (1825-1868) at the St Kilda school house. Charles Swyer became the engineer of the Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company at its incorporation in 1853. Later, in 1856, he was, Government Engineer for the Williamstown Line. He also carried out works for the St. Kilda and Brighton Railway Company. Notable church work carried out by the firm of Purchas and Swyer included Christ Church, St. Kilda: Christ Church, Brunswick (1856-57); Gisborne parsonage (1857) and Heathcote Parsonage (1858). They were Diocesan Architects for the Church of England, Swyer resigning in 1860, The firm was responsible for the design of the fine residence, Glenara, at Bulla for Walter Clark in 1857. Swyer was elected the first Treasurer of the Vietorian Institute of Architects in 1856. He was later Institute Chairman. In 1858 Charles Swyer married Eileen Hall (1829-1913) at Christ Church, St. Kilda, soon after the church he had designed was officially opened. ‘They had seven children, 65 hid. 26 Feb. 1918. HLCD, Che Church Compe, St Kl, Coseraton Analy and Managsnet Plan 2s‘After his arrival in New Zealand in the 18608, Swyer was appointed Provincial Engineer for 8 years to the government of Otago. He was associated with work on. bridges, roads, jetties, harbour reclamation and lighthouses. In 1863 he designed the Monument in Dunedin, spectacular Ca Swyer later retumed to Manchester where he died in August 1876 and is buried in the churchyard at St. Marks, Worsley.66 Sydney W. Smith (1826-1886) ‘The second architect associated with the design of Christ Church, St. Kilda was a civil engineer and architect associated with a number of suburban municipalities. He was surveyor to St, Kilda Borough Council, South Melboume City Counsil, the Shire of Caulfield, and temporarily with Port Melbourne, Flemington and Essendon, ‘Councils. He was one of the earliest members of the Victorian Institute of Surveyors and a Council member of the Victorian Engineers’ Association, Smith's architectural work included designs for the St. Kilda Town Hall and Court House (1859); Trinity Church, Pentridge (1864-66); cable tram sheds and offices at South Yarra and St. Kilda (1878); Transepts, Chancel and Vestry at St James, Dandenong (1883); additions and extensions to Christ Church, St. Kilda (1874) and brick parsonage (1884); Shire Hall and Offices at Caulfield (1884). In 1886 Smith died aged 60 at his residence, Farmcombe, in Princes Street, St. Kilda He is buried in St. Kilda Cemetery.67 ‘Thomas Watts (1827-1915) ‘Thomas Watts, who was in partnership with Sydney S. Smith (Snr) from about 1864 to the early 1870s, and in partnership with his own sons from c1883 to 1914, was associated with commercial work and houses as well as churches, mainly in Melbourne.6® As well as his work on additions to the Christ Church Parsonage (now the Bishop's Residence) in 1872-73, Watts was associated with Smith in designs for other church buildings. In 1866-67 Smith and Watts designed a Presbyterian Church in West Melbourne with a tower modelled upon St. Botolph, Boston, Lincolnshire. In 1938 the bluestone church in West Melbourne, with the south front and tower redesigned, was re-erected at Box Hill by the architects, J. Scarborugh and Hugh Craig. ‘The Perpendicular transept windows of the earlier period were filled with Ferguson and Uri glass. 69 66 Cares Swyer. Family Data Sheet, Letter Book extracts fom ourmls supped by Mrs Joan Glover, Miles Lewis, Australian Architectaral Index 67 ia. 68 wi. 62 Miles Lewis (ed), Victorian Churches, 191, pS ‘HL, Chnst Church Complex St Kl, Conservation Anapisand Manager Pan 26Smith and Watts also carried out additions tothe 1857 Christ Church in Brunswick designed by Purchas and Swyer. The transept, chancel and vesry were added by Smuth and Waits fo the 1857 nave in 1873-74. The transept elevation, according to ane waiter, “has something ofthe character ofthe designs in Charles Parker's tok Villa Rastice of 1835. This consistent withthe use of Parker's motif by Thomes Watts a the homestead ‘Bontharambe’ near Wangaratta. The campanile cf 1650 7, «also by Smith and Watts, continues the Italianate character” 70 Bontharambo, designed in 1858 for the Rev. J. Docker, a homestead of brick, stone and stucco, isa fine and very early use of the Italianate style in Victoria. 7) 23 Notable People of Christ Church, St. Kilda ‘A number of notable people have been associated with Christ Church during its long history. Some distinguished colonial figures were parishioners during St. Klda’s carly affluent years, One of the most active early workers for Christ Church, and its ‘organist for some time, was the youthful Hugh CE. Childers later the Hon. Childers, who became a member of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer. A distinguished early legal figure, the Hon, Justice Molesworth, was one of the Lay Representatives in the first Church Assembiy in 1856, Mr F. Grey-Smith, who was Church Warden for 36 years, was later the Lay Canon, and Treasurer of St. Paul’s Cathedral Although the financing of the church complex came mainly from fund-raising efforts by the parishioners, with some assistance from Government grants, there have been a number of generous gifts from individuals. One of the earliest gifts was {in 1859 when W. Kaye, a member of the congregation, presented the church with the splendid William Hill organ. Later, in 1915, Walter Howard-Smith gave 300 pounds for the organs restoration, Christ Church has been fortunate in its Vicars. From the start, they have helped ‘maintain the Church's role as a significant local institution, responsive to the community's changing needs. The first Vicar, the Rev. David Seddon, MA, was formerly Viear of Mottram in Cheshire. His friendship with the young architect, Charles Swyer, prior to their arrival in the colony, seems to have been a key factor in the church’s earliest history. After a successful Ministry of 15 years, Seddon returned. to England where he died in 1896 70 id, pa Th The Heritage of Victor 196, pp.7, 31183 LCD, Christ hurchComplex St Kilda, Conservation Analyt and Management Plan‘The second incumbent, in October 1868, was the Rey. John Stanley Low, the Vicar of ‘St. Mary's in Caulfield. ‘The Rev. Low, who was curate of St. Pauls, Geelorg in 1856, was later appointed to Taradale and Malmsbury.. Here his “splendid pionesting ‘work was said to be evidenced by "the pretty little churches at Taradale and Malmsbury". Low gathered a large congregation around him at Christ Church, St Kilda, during the period when the church was enlarged and extended. Anothec notable Vicar, The Rev. Canon Sadlier, began his Ministry in December 1904. ‘Sadlier had to respond to the great changes taking place in the St Kilda community and solve the financial problems facing the church as its Jubilee year approached. The Jubilee was a tremendous success. The previous Viear, the Rev. Philip Hutchinson, and his wife, who came to the parish in 1977, also have had to deal with funding problems and a changing St Kilda. They earned much community respect for their caring response to the deuy addicts and prostitutes, who at the time frequented the area. The Hutchinsons hays also, encouraged community interest in the arts, allowing church premises lo be used for ‘oncerts, theatrical performances and conferences. Rev. Hutchinson retied in July 1997 and the present Vicar is Rev. David Townsend. 24 HERITAGE COUNCIL PERMITS ‘The following permit numbers and descriptions of works refer to the permits issued by the Heritage Council for ths site and held on HIC files, 2385D Proposed alterations to the foyer ofthe parish hall including new kitchen and toilet facilites, mpl St Kida, Conservation Analysis and Manajemont Fan 28 UCD, Chest Churchvestry room organ chambers north transept south transept jon Road chapel ‘St Michael chapel Helen Lardner ‘Conservation & Design 1AM Sea sry VIC Bes Ped Bike iy Eas a HURCH FLOOR PLAN rosa (CHRIST CHURCH ST KILDA3.0 PHYSICALAND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS 34 PHYSICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX For this section refer tothe site plan & conservation policy drawing on page 10. ‘The Christ Church complex comprises four main buildings; the Church, the Viearage, the Bishop's Residence and the Parish Hall. Refer to section 1.3 site plan, ‘The buildings are set amongst several established trees, the most notable being a ‘number of large Moreton Bay Figs in close proximity to the Church ard the Bishop's Residence. ‘The first building on the site was an old school building begun in 1850 on land granted by the Government in the same year. The school fronted Acland Street and its position is shown in appendix 3, figure 1. ‘The original Vicarage, new the Bishop's Residence, commenced constructed about three years later, The land grant was approved in 1850 as a reserve for church purposes. The deeds were issued after separation in 1855. The granted land was the area now bound by Acland Street, StLeonard's Avenue, Church Square and Eildon Road and became known as Church Square, ‘The construction of the Church was completed between 1854-1857 with additions ‘made between 1874 and 1881, Work was carried out to the Church in 1923 and it was redecorated in 1947. ‘The organ was installed in 1860, rebuilt and moved to the onan ‘chamber in 1874 and relocated to the chancel in 1881. The current Vieacage was completed in 1884. The final main building on the complex, the Parish Hall, was completed in 1914, ‘The original school building remained on the site until 1977 when it was burnt down, ‘Today the main entry onto the ste is from Acland Street through a simple recent Sate with brick piers at either side. It provides access to a driveway separating the Vicarage from the Church. The Acland Street boundary of the Vicarage is enclosed bby a metal tube rail and cyclone fence. ‘The Acland Street frontage of the Church and the west boundary of thesite is not enclosed but marked by the planting of shrubbery. A gravel path leads up to the western facade entry of the Church. At the rear of the ste in the westem comer play equipment has been located. ‘The Bishop's Residence is fenced off from the rest of the complex and has a low picket fence to the front on St.Leonard's Avenue. It wraps around the corner onto Church Square and then becomes a higher picket fence. A simple wire lence Separates it from the churchyard. ‘The south east comer of the site has no fence. The Parish Hall is built up to the boundary line onthe east and the land is used as a public forecourt to the Hall on the soul ‘HCD, Chit Church Comples St Kilda, Conservation Analy and Management lan 29‘Several outbuildings are also located on the site, These are at the rear of the Vicarage and a garage to the Bishop's Residence. ‘Historica information about the layout of Church Square is shown on the 18908 MMBW Drainage Plan, appendix 3, figure 2. The ‘Chast Church Hall, formerly the school building, which is shown on the plan has gone and the Parish Fall has been built since. The Church, the ‘Parsonage,’ now the Vicarage, and ‘Lauriston, now the Bishop's Residence remain, ‘The photograph of the fence around the Church taken from Acland street appendix 3, figure 10) reveals an elegant timber picket fence with a slight swag. The gates are shown in a fragile glass photograph held by the Church (but too delicate to reproduce for this report). The creeper which covers part ofthe building in the photograph would have been very detrimental for the stone and should not be regrown 341 CHRISTCHURCH Refer tothe sketch at the start ofthis section for terminology with the floor plan of the Church. Christ Church was constructed in 1854-1857. The original design of the church was by the architect Swyer and consisted of the nave, north and south transepts, apsidal chancel, turrets for staircases to the galleries and vestry porches. This original form is shown in outline on the c1873 Vardy plan (appendix 3, figure 1). ‘The original tower with its intended spire was never built, It is shown in Swyee's design drawing, appendix 3, figure 5, but was specifically excluded at the lime that lenders for the building were received. Instead the tower base is capped with a simple pyramid roof which forms a porch to the liturgical western entry. This allowed for the possibilty of a later addition of the tower and spire, although this has never taken place. The temporary nature of the capping roof, clad in timber shingles, is shown in figure 8, appendix 3. In 1874, the architect Sydney W. Smith designed extensions to the church, although some of the works were not completed until 1881. These included adding a new stone chancel, vestry room, organ chambers and a new west gallery. He also repaired. some deteriorating Point King sandstone with Waurn Ponds limestone. The floor of the Church was lowered to the level of the aisles, Tiles from the floor of the aisles was removed and replaced with timber. The organ was relocated to the chancel. A new interior decorative scheme was introduced, including the fine stencil work to the chancel, Refer to appendix 3, figure 9 showing a colour sketch of the interior, Victorian Churches. by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) describes Christ Church St. Kilda as “Later Gothic: Mainstream Decorated "style. Gothic Revival architecture aimed at reviving the spirit and forms of Gothic architecture of the High Middle Ages in Western Europe. Architecture in Australia was predominantly influenced by British trained architects who would have known about the Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular developments of the Gothic Revival, Swyer HCD, Ct Gureh Complex St Kd, Conservation Anaya Managanen Plan 30and Purchas were both trained in England and appointed Anglican Divcesan architects after emigrating to Victoria. Anglican churches were typically built in the Gothic Revival style although they did not adhere as strictly to the style as the Catholic churches in Vietoria.72 Christ Charch features geometric tracery based on the reguler geometry of the circle to the triangular western rose window. A similar shaped rose window designed by Purchas can be seen at the later St. George's Presbyterian Church in East St. Kilda.73 ‘The church features numerous impressive stained glass windows and window tracery, as discussed in Bronwyn Hughes work in appendix 4, This focus on the display of stained glass is characteristic ofthe style, However, at Christ Church the effect of the glass is diminished because of the importance given to the larg> expanses of textured wall surfaces and the sense of the church having a firmly anchared mass. ‘The Church is constructed from Point King sandstone. The warm brown tones and usticated finish give Christ Church a distinctive quality. The stone is regularly ‘coursed and has a rock face finish which contrasts with the smooth surface to quoins surrounding door and window openings and other decorative features. String courses below the upper and lower window sills, and a strongly articulated splayed plinth, give a horizontal emphasis to the walls. The string courses are unusual in that they step around and effectively break up the verticality of the stone buttresses, ‘The stone forms a richly textured wall surface which was a common for Decorated Gothic churches in the later half of the fourteenth century." The effect of the stone work isa strong sense of mass. This is further emphasized by the use of buttresses, the large tower base, and external turrets. Openings to doors and windows have gothic pointed forms with a smooth moulded detail and a soldier course of rock faced stone. The arches have imposts at their springing points. ‘The Westem porch entry, which was to be the tower base, is quare with buttressed comers. These buttresses are finished with a square top perheps because they are incomplete. The apsidal chancel buttresses, designed later by Smith, have sloping tops. At the Western facade, the buttresses have a projecting triangular motif to the top which is also seen on the side elevations. ‘The two turrets and the chancel, as \well as part of the main body of the Church, have projecting stone dentils beneath the gutter ine. Because of the size ofthis feature, iLis reminiscent of castellition. ‘The Church roof is slate and has been well maintained. The slate has fish scale Patterning. Doors to the Church are timber. The width of the Church is about the same as the length of the transept. This type of wider plan fomn is a Decorated Gothie stylistic feature, 72 Hoghe Fletcher, p25 'HUCD, Christ Church Compe. St Kil, Conservation Analysis and Management Pan 31‘The church is entered via the large timber doors at the liturgical West end. This porch was intended to be the bell ower to the church. Ithas a two sets of external double doors and a smaller set of double doors leading into the main section of the church. ‘The side turrets were intended to house stairs leading up to the proposed choir gallery. However, despite the position it was shown in the illustration in 1882 (appendix 3, figure 9), the gallery was constructed at the West end. The ceil ng of the ssallery i lined in timber lining boards. The balustrade is of decoratively carved limber. Original choir pews are still in use, ‘The church has a single nave with two transepts, The walls are a hard plaster finish and are currently painted a cream colour. The plaster brackets have been painted in highlight colours of gold and maroon, ‘Two memorial plaques have been removed from the walls. One of these, which was put up in 1942, shows that the wall was brown at the time of its installation. This colour may have dated from the 1923 renovations ‘The ceiling has exposed timber trusses with a lined timber infill, These were repaired in about 1993 as they had deteriorated where water had entered the walls via leaking flashings.75 Original pews remain in the church although some have been removed to other buildings on the complex. In 1916, the choir pews were lengthened”6 and the joint is just visible. ‘The back pews from the choir have now been used in the nave. Candlesticks were added to the choir pews about 30 years ago.” The nave has a timber floor with a central aisle of carpet. Both transepts are carpeted. ‘The St Michael chapel is entered through a timber choir sereen, the Crotty Memorial. It. was erected in 1942 and placed in its present location in the 1980s.78 The painting (of St Michaelis a war memorial and hangs on the wall. Two brass candlesticks are located either side of the painting. The candles are thought to have been originally Tocated in front of the chancel and to have been gas it. The Eildon Road chapel ‘contains two rows of pews. The original mahogony altar table from the chancel is ‘ow stored in this area. ‘This was a temporary measure and the altar will be returned. to its former position on completion of the stenclling work. The original altar was ‘modified in the 1920s when three panel inserts by Blogg were added. ‘Two of these remain79 Both chapels are accessed from outside via a double timber door. The doors have a Single stained glass window either side, a small quatre(oil window directly above and 4 three light lancet window above this. The door in the Eildon Road chapel is slightly lower in height due to three additional windows in the arched porticn of the actual door. These windows are currently a frosted glass ‘ev iutdrsonperonal comment Rev uthnsn personal coment Revita personal cent RevHutchinon pennant HUD, Chris Church Complex, St Kida, Comereaton Anais and Manager Pan 32‘The timber pulpit is located to the side of the chancel and at the entry of the Fildon, Road chapel, Is avcessed via steps and has heavily carved timber sides with a brass handrail, The pulpit was described as a three decker in 1863, located in the middle of the Church in front of the chancel rails, and was reduced in height in 1881. Ils, position as shown in the 1882 illustration (appendix 3, figure 9) is as itis today. ‘Thrve steps lead up to the chancel and choir. The polygonal chancel and choir section is in the process of being restencilled by the Interior Decorator students of the College of the Arts. A portion of the wall has been left untouched so that its possible to compare the older section with the repainted portion. It is believed that Ue choir decoration was repainted in 1947 and that none of the 1881 scheme survives.80 The marble reredos at the rear of the choir was removed in about 1977 and it remains in pieces on site It was an addition after the 1947 decoration and is shown in appendix 3, figure 11. The reredos detracted from the chancel because the height conflicted with the window sills and it partially covered the decorative scheme, ‘The floor is made of black and white marble tiles. The organ is now located on the righthand side of tre chancel at the front corner. It was first installed in 1840 at the rear of the Church on a raised platform. The organ was moved to the chancel in 1881. The marble font was donated at the time of construction of the Church and can be seen in an earlier position in appendix 3, figure 11. It is not visible in the 1882 interior sketch (appendix 3, figure 9). The original mahogony communion rails are also extant, although not in their original position. ‘The Church is currently heated by gas wall mounted heaters. ‘These were installed about 15 years ago. Gas light fittings, described as tall candlestick style, apparently survived until the 1930s in the Church.82 In the narthex, three upright metal cased pillars may remain from an earlier form of heating. A new lighting system was installed in the Church in 1991. 34.2. BISHOPSRESIDENCE ‘The building now referred to as the Bishop's Residence was originally built as the Parsonage. It was builtin c1853 and extended in 1859, and again in 1864, Repairs and additions were carried out in 1873 under the supervision of Thomas Watts nt), Its earliest form is showin on the Vardy plan, appendix 3, figure 1. he building has had various uses throughout its history. After the new Panonage was constructed in 1884, the building was leased as ‘Lauriston’ to private owners for 50 years. Later uses included being leased to the St. Kilda Community Youtt and Health Services from 1977 until 1987. The present Bishop has resided in the building since July 1987. if evtnchsnperal cee 3. RStitemenpenaonmet etacinnperorl cnet UCD, Chest Ghrch Compe St Kida, Conservation Analy and Masapemt Plan 33The Bishop's Residence is entered via St. Leonards Avenue. The house is set well back from the fence line. The current fence is cream arrowheaded pickels. Its appropriate in style but recently constructed. This fence was built in 1986 and at the lime a corrugated iron fence was removed, ‘An 1890s MMBW plan, (appendix 3, figure 2), shows the front garden to have been landscaped with a circular asphalt carriageway leading up to a tiled verandch. The tiled verandah is still existing with the majorly of the surface being original, Some ofthe tiles were replaced in the late 1980.83 ‘The house is a two-storey rendered building, It is a tall building with steeply pitched hipped and projecting gabled roofs. ‘The gables have timber framed, boxed bay windows, some turned finials and decorative barge boards with a gently waved pattern. Originally the residence consisted of a similar floor plan to the existing with notable changes made to the kitchen and upstairs bathroom. Its still possible to see the remnants of the original well, marked on the 1890s MMBW plan, in the back porch ‘The main entry of the residence is from the tiled verandah through a four panelled. door. The door is flanked by two frosted windows, two stained glass windows with a frosted highlight above. The stair tothe first floor is accessed directly from the hall ‘The architraves and skirting in the entry are original. ‘The walls are hard plaster finish. Water damage was apparent in the entry hall, and in the rest of the residence, with the worst section being directly above and beside the entry door. Refer to appendix 2, photograph 15. It is thought that the water damage was caused by leaks threugh the ‘original roof. A new roof was installed in March 1996. On the advice of the architects The Sainsbery Reed Group further maintenance work was cartied out mid way through 1996. No water damage has been noticed since. Extemaly tthe rear of the residence a new porch has been added. Its visible in appendix 2, photograph 13. ‘The downstairs area consists of the living rooms, meeting rooms and offices and the kitchen and a bathroom area. The main rooms are reasonably intact with skirtings, comices and ceilings roses. Box bay windows are featured in the main rooms and are in original condition. Security windows have been placed on the inside of all’ windows, The fireplaces have been blocked in with new heaters and joinery units have been built into the available niches. The kitchen and bathroom areas have ‘been completely remodelled although the original chimney is still in place in the new kitchen. A skylight has been added into the rear of the residence providing, light to the transition zone between the family and the kitchen area. It isnot in gcod condition. 1D, Ch Cnc Compley St Kl, Corsration Analy and Management lan 34‘The staircase has a polished timber handrail with painted carved vertical balustrading, One small window above the landing provides light to the stairwell ‘The first level consists of mainly bedrooms and a bathroom. The ceilings of the bedrooms are raked. ‘The bathroom upstairs has been completely renovated and the ‘window has been replaced. The master bedroom and second bedruom feature a bay window with a box seat. The front to the seat has timber panelling detail with a white paint finish. This detail is repeated elsewhere in the rooms. A small television room is located near the main bedroom. ‘The ceiling in this room is cracked however the ceiling rose remains intact. ‘The skirtings are original AA two door garage was built on the Church Square boundary of the site in the late 1980s. At the same time, the brick paving was done, The rear courtyard of the Bishop's Residence has a magnificent jacaranda tree, 343 VICARAGE ‘The Vicarage was built in 1864 and was intended to replace the existing Parsonage ‘ow referred to as the Bishop's Residence. It was constructed to the designs of the architect, Sydney W Smith. Its situated off Acland Street adjacent to the Church and next to the site of the original school house. The front of the building i= ‘gamoullaged from Acland Street by a number of established trees, Refer to appendix 2, photograph 17. ‘The Vicarage is a two-storey rendered building with a series of gabled and hipped roofs. A siting course runs around the building at the first floor level. The south and west elevations incorporate a protruding bay, each featuring three double hung windows. The windows are capped with pointed arched heads. ‘The ridge capping fon the majority of the roofs is rusted, although the slate is in @ reasonable canton, ‘The gable ends feature decorative barge boards. A verandah wraps around the building on the south west comer encompassing the ‘entry and one of the protruding bays. The verandah is corrugated steel witha decorated timber frieze, timber posts and a timber decking floor. ‘The corrugated steel {s rusting in places whilst the timber decking was replaced in the early 1980s 4 ‘The Vicarage as a whole was re-wired approximately ten years ago and the downstairs rooms were re-carpeted in 1977. Itis thought that the downstairs areas ‘were wallpapered in 1975.85 ‘The interior of Uwe Vicarage Is entered via a large timber panelled door with stained. ‘lass panels above. The door is also flanked by clear and frosted glass panels, The entry porch has a new plaster ceiling replaced in recent decades. ‘The walls have been, ‘wallpapered to the picture rail height. An archway separates the front entry from the general hallway. Itis made of two decorative brackets with a more simple tratment (on the actual arch ee Rev Hutchmonpensnal cummin SS _Revtttsunwnpersonalccmet UCD Christ GurchComple S. Kilda, Camera Ansr ond anayemen Fan 35‘Two rooms lead off the front entry. The room on the right isthe larger of the two and ineludes the bay window onto the verandah. On the opposite wall is a black marble fireplace with a small mantel. The fireplace is the only one downstairs not to hhave been converted to gas. Small cracks appear above the doorway. One wall of the oom contains a large built in bookshelf and cupboard unit. ‘The second front room has a wide double hung window. The wall opposite the door thas a white marble fireplace and mantel. Visible signs of water staining appear on the ceiling and down the wall. Itis thought the ceiling stain was caused by ‘eaks in the bathroom whilst the stain on the walls was due to outside plambing blockages. TThe main hallway also has been wallpapered. The ceiling and cornices are original ‘The grey carpet now in the hallway was laid over the original linoleum. The staircase is directly on the left of the hall and a narrower hall leads into the sitchen and service area of the house. The largest room of the house has its entry direetly opposite the main doors. This room contains two white marble fireplaces with a mantel above. Both fireplaces hhave been converted to gas heating. ‘The room is now divided into two by a lange archway with bi-folding timber doors. The larger portion of the room faces Acland Street and includes one of the bay windows at the south end. The ceiling in this portion appears original. It is divided into 15 panels each panel alternating with a plain and patterned treatment. A separate panel occupies the space above the bay window, ‘The smaller portion of the room has @ newer ceiling. Itis divided into nine panels by timber strips. A door off this portion also leads back into the narrower hall. A double hung window looks out on the back garden of the Vicarage. ‘The back service area, entered via the narrow hall consists of a pantry, a rear entry porch, a toile, the kitchen and, attached to the kitchen but only accessible from the Outside, a small storage area containing the original troughs. The kitehen has the oniginal chimney whilst in the pantry the original timber storage boxes remain, ‘The staircase has a timber balustrade with a polished timber handrail. A strip of ‘carpet has been laid down the centre of the steps and the exposed timber [reads either side have been stained. The walls are painted over wallpaper. A large window at the landing of the staircase lights the area. It is an arched window with patterned glass and two small blue glass panels at each bottom corner. The glass panel half way up the window is cracked and a portion missing. Large cracks appear inthe wall above the window. ‘The upstairs of the Vicarage has no gas heating. Rooms are mainly carpeted with an assortment of rugs over either linoleum or timber flooring. There are five rooms ‘upstairs and one bathroom, ‘The hallway/entry retains original skirting and the original ceiling. The bedoom

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