What happened?
Both the lords and
A principios de la Edad Media, la
civilización de Europa era cristiana,
feudal y cosmopolita. A finales de
la Edad Media, sin embargo,
Europa fue testigo del surgimiento
de la nacionalidad. El inglés fue
generalmente aceptado y
entendido por todos los
ciudadanos, específicamente de su
rango social, y la cultura y
literatura inglesa, aunque todavía
se derivan de modelos franceses e
italianos, a temas en inglés y
desarrollan sus propios estilos. La
identidad nacional inglesa se forjó
a través de guerras, no solo con los
franceses sino también con sus
vecinos más cercanos: los
irlandeses, los escoceses y los
galeses.
Culture:
At the end of the Middle Ages, England
began to develop new social classes and
a modern social system. There were still
servants, but they increasingly
demanded that all men be free.
The 'natural economy', characteristic of a
feudal system, was giving way to a
'monetary economy'. In the country, the
monetary payment system gradually
replaced the usual service: monetary
wages and agricultural leases replaced
the servile tenure system, which forced
the servants to work in the Lord's field,
not on their own land.
the independent farmers noticed that
the hired men who worked in the field
throughout the year, whose wages were
paid with the rents of the tenants, were
much more efficient than the reluctant
servants. A third or maybe even half of
the island's inhabitants died in just two
years (4 million inhabitants).
Products
In the fourteenth century, the city
remained an agricultural community very
similar to that of the town. The
inhabitants of the city were artisans,
manufacturers and merchants who,
during the harvest, left their work aside
to work in the fields and meadows that
were beyond the city walls. The number
of inhabitants of an average city varied
from 2,000 to 3,000 people; the number
could change dramatically due to non-
infrequent pests resulting from
unhealthy conditions. But life in the city
was not unpleasant; there were the poor
but there were no slums.
The main source of wealth, both in the
town and in the city, was the production
of wool and cloth, which had a tradition
that dates back to the times of the
ancient British. England was a power in
wool production, At the end of the
Middle Ages, fabric production tripled
and England became the main supplier of
the world fabric market. The
development of the fabric trade had
many corollaries for the economy and
social life of England. It gave rise to the
middle class in the city and town;
alleviated the poverty of the landless
proletariat; It finally contributed to the
growth of the commercial fleet, which
went to different corners of the world to
sell English clothes.
RELI

Positive aspect of the activity of the medieval Church was its educational activity. Primary schools run by the Church remained the only possibility
of a career for ambitious children of the lower classes