SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

Semester 1, 2010
Tutorial 1 (Answer Scheme)

Concepts

1) Explain an experiment and results in perspective of internal structure of an atom that

infirm the idea on plum pudding atom model.

๏ Experiment by Rutherford: radiation of alpha (α) particles onto a thin gold foil/
film OR displayed by an appropriate diagram

๏ Results:

๏ Majority of α particles penetrated the foil are undeflected

๏ Some particles are slightly deflected

๏ A few are highly deflected

๏ A few number are bounced back

(6 marks)

2) Rayleigh-Jeans law was derived form equipartition principle that attempting to explain
the spectral density distribution of a blackbody. However, the equation failed to explain
the phenomena.

a. Why it was called as the ultraviolet catastrophe?

๏ The above equation is only true at long wavelengths OR short frequencies

๏ The energy predicted at short wavelengths OR high frequencies OR UV

range is very large, which is inconsistence with the real physical evident

(2 marks)

a. How did Planck suggest the correction to the equation?

๏ Each radiation emitted must have certain OR quantized OR discrete OR

selected energy

๏ Energy of the radiation is propositional to the frequency

 SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Semester 1, 2010
(2 marks)

3) What did Einstein postulate to explain that the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons in
the photoelectric effect depends on the frequency?

๏ Number of electron emitted is proportional to the light intensities

๏ The kinetic energy is independence of the light intensities

๏ The electron only emitted when the frequency is above the threshold value

๏ The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on the frequency

๏ Electrons are also emitted even at low intensities of light

๏ Note:

(5 marks)

4) Which of the experimental results for the photoelectric effect suggests that light can
exhibit particle-like behavior?

๏ The electrons emitted at low light intensities

๏ Therefore, photons OR all of the incident light energy can be concentrated in a

single electron excitation

(2 marks)

5) Bohr was predicted the permissible radii of electron orbits for hydrogen atom based on
both classical and modern quantum theorem. How did Bohr suggests the postulates that
practically successful for explaining the spectrum emission from hydrogen atom?

๏ The electron moves in circular orbit

๏ The electron is only fixed set of allowed orbits

๏ The electron is permitted to pass from one orbit to another by discrete energy
value

(3 marks)
 SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Semester 1, 2010
Problems

1) How long does it take light to travel from the sun to earth if the distance from the sun to
earth is 1.496 x 108 km?

(3 marks)

2) Calculate how many photons are produced in a laser pulse with wavelength 532 nm and
energy 4.67 mJ?

(3 marks)
 SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Semester 1, 2010
3) The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a caesium metal surface is
3.14 x 10-19 J. Determine the maximum wavelength of light that can produce a
photoelectric current from Cs metal.

(4 marks)

4) If the formula for the Balmer series in the H atom is corrected for the reduced mass of 1H,
it becomes

Use this formula to calculate the vacuum wavelength of the ni = 3 and ni = 4 series
members.

๏ If ni = 3

ν = 4.567 x 1014 s-1 (directly calculated from the equation)

λ = 657.5 nm
 SCES1200 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Semester 1, 2010
๏ If ni = 4

ν = 6.165 x 1014 s-1 (directly calculated from the equation)

λ = 486.6 nm

(4 marks)

5) The observed lines in the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen are given by

, for ni > n1

In the notation favoured by spectroscopists, and RH = 109,677 cm-1. The

Lyman, Balmer and Paschen series refers to n1 = 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for emission
from atomic hydrogen. What is the highest value of and E in each of these series?

๏ If n1 = 1

= 109667 cm-1

E = 2.18 x 10-18 J
๏ If n1 = 2

= 27419 cm-1

E = 5.45 x 10-19 J
๏ If n1 = 1

= 12186 cm-1

E = 2.422 x 10-19 J

(6 marks)

(Total 40 marks)