Fall 2010 psych 101 SI

Study Guide

1. Define psychology:

What do psychologists do?

2. What is the idea of empiricism?

3. What are the four main goals of science?

4. What is the difference between behavior and mental (cognitive) processes? What are some
examples of mental processes? How did we try to measure mental processes in the past?

5. Explain some possible causes for depression symptoms through the major research
perspectives (biological, cognitive, behavioral, sociocultural)

--What does it mean to be eclectic in our approach to psychology?

6. Psychology wasn’t always a recognized discipline. Explain the influence of philosophy

(mind-body dualism, empiricism, nature/nurture, functionalism)

7. Influence of physiology?
--What is introspection?

--What is the manifest content of a dream?

--The latent content?

8. What are the steps of the scientific method?

9. What are some potential problems (biases) encountered in research?

10. What is a theory and what does it allow us to do?

--What is a hypothesis?

11. What is the difference between naturalistic and participant observation?

12. What sort of problems usually accompany a loss of control over observation?

13. Studying one person at an in-depth level over a long period of time is a ______________.

14. What are some advantages to using survey research?

15. What are some disadvantages to using survey research?

16. What are some different methods of sampling a population?

17. What are unobtrusive methods?

18. The variable that the experimenter manipulates is the _____________________; the variable
that is measured by the experimenter as a result of these manipulations is the _______________.

19. The entire group of people a researcher is studying ______________________

20. Explain this experimental design: O1 X O2____R

O1 O2

21. What is a control group? What is a placebo group?

22. A control measure in an experiment in which neither the experimenters nor participants
know which participants in the experimental and control groups _______________________.

23. True/False: Correlational research can predict if one variable leads to another.

--Statistics allow us to ________________ our sample and to ________________________

about the sample to the population.

--What are examples of statistics of central tendency? Examples of statistics of variation?

--The correlation coefficient can range from ________ to __________. The correlation
coefficient is a (descriptive / inferential / both descriptive and inferential) statistic.

24. Height and weight are ______ correlated, elevation and temperature are _______ correlated
A. Positively, positively
B. Positively, negatively
C. Negatively, positively
D. Negatively, negatively

25. A professor noticed the scores on his exam had a very small standard deviation. This means:
A. Exam was given to a small number of students
B. Exam was a poor measure of students’ knowledge
C. Students’ scores tended to be similar to one another
D. Students’ mean score was less than median exam score
Psy 101 exam 1 study guide part 2

Breakdown of myelin sheaths on neurons is associated with what disease?

What does myelin do?

What part of a neuron sends information? __________________. What part of a neuron receive
information from the previous neuron? __________________.

The cell body is also known as the _______________.

What is inside of synaptic vesicles?

What is a nerve?

How many axons do most neurons have?

Spaces between glial cells are known as:

A myelinated neuron can send electrochemical signals at a speed of ______________. An un-

myelinated neuron can only send electrochemical signals at a speed of _______________.

When a neuron is in a resting state, it is (polarized/depolarized)

When a neuron is firing or has fired recently it is (polarized/depolarized)
What happens to neurotransmitters during the refractory period? (2 possibilities)

True/False: When a neuron is polarized, it is generally more positive on the inside of the cell
with respect to the outside.

What is meant by the all-or-none principle?

Chemicals created by the body that neurons use to communicate: ______________________

Low levels of __________________ may be related to Alzheimer’s Disease

Excess dopamine may be linked to _____________. Low levels linked to _______________

Depression is linked to low levels of _____________________ and ____________________

GABA is an (inhibitory/excitatory) neurotransmitter

Glutamate is an (inhibitory/excitatory) neurotransmitter

An outside drug that mimics/increases ability of neurotransmitters are (agonists/antagonists)

Black widow venom is an agonist for ____________________. L-DOPA is an agonist for

________________. Botulinum is antagonist for __________________.

What neurotransmitter involves nerve/muscle communication and learning/memory?

Which neurotransmitter involves sleeping, eating, and mood?

The neurotransmitters known as __________________ are sometimes referred to as an opioid

peptides.

A person with epilepsy may lack which neurotransmitter?

Which neurotransmitter(s) involves pain perception?

Psych 101 SI

Someone brushes your left hand with a feather. Another person hits your right hand with a
hammer. What can be said about the neurons in your hands?

A. Neural signals in your right hand are traveling faster.

B. There are fewer neurons firing in your left hand.
C. Neurons in your right hand are generating more signals per second than your left.
D. All of the above
E. Only B and C

The two main parts of the CNS are ________________ and ________________

The PNS is broken up into two parts: __________________ and ____________________

The Autonomic NS has two parts: ____________________ and ______________________

The ‘fight or flight’ system is called the ___________________________

The ‘rest and digest’ system is called the __________________________

You touch a hot stove and remove your hand automatically due to a __________________

Many nerves in the brain cross over in the _________________

The ‘bridge’ between cerebellum and cerebral cortex is ________________

Coordination, balance, reflexes are controlled by the ____________________

What does the medulla control?

(Superior/inferior) coliculli is involved with vision. (Superior/inferior) involved with hearing

The ‘great relay station’ is the _________________

The four major things the hypothalamus is involved with are:

Formation of new memories is controlled by ______________________

Regulation and interpretation of emotion is controlled by _______________________

The four lobes of the cerebral cortex are:

Primary visual cortex: ___________ lobe. Primary auditory cortex: ____________ lobe.
Primary motor cortex: ______________ lobe. Primary somatosensory cortex____________ lobe.

The __________________________ connects the right and left hemispheres

An action potential goes faster (with/without) myelin.

A brain injury leaves a person unable to balance easily. The part of the brain that may have been
damaged is the ____________________

The CNS is covered in layers called _______________ and surrounded by fluid called
___________________

The area of the brain over which you have the LEAST voluntary control ________________

The ‘great relay station’ involves every sense except for one: ________________

The brain structure also involved with the PNS and endocrine system: ________________

Psych 101 SI

1. The “master gland” is the ___________________. (Why?)

2. ACTH is secreted by the _______________ lobe of the pituitary

3. The hormone that mainly affects BP is ___________________

4. The hormone that involves breast feeding and contractions____________________

5. Imbalances of melatonin is linked to _______________________

6. The gland that regulates body metabolism rates: ___________________

7. What hormone influences excitability of the NS? _______________________

8. Melatonin is secreted by the _______________________

9. In high levels of natural light, you have (higher/lower) levels of melatonin than in low light

10. Too much glucose in the bloodstream is called (hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia)

11. This hormone balances insulin by raising glucose levels in the blood _________________

12. Norepinephrine is a (hormone/neurotransmitter) Epinephrine is a (hormone/neurotransmitter)

13. Hydrocortisone is secreted by the Adrenal (cortex/medulla)

14. Parathormone is secreted by the _____________________

15. Which gland is made up of two lobes – anterior and posterior lobes? _________________

16. Which side of the brain is generally the more analytical side?

17. With what is Broca's area is associated?

18. With what is Wernicke's area associated?

19. The growth of new neurons is known as ________________________.

20. Where are the adrenal glands located?