2.

0 LOAD CALCULATIONS
2.1 DEAD WEIGHT CALCULATIONS:
DECK WEIGHT
Span of deck = 32.3m
Width of deck = 18.52 m
Avg. thickness of deck = 0.3m
Density of Rcc = 2500 Kg/m^3
Vol of deck = span x width x avg thickness=32.3x18.52x.3
=179.5 m^3
Total weight of deck = vol of deck x density = 179.5x2500/1000
= 448.65 Ton
GIRDER WEIGHT
Girder length = 31.7m
Girder area = 0.10m (As per super structure section property)
No. of Girders = 8
Density of steel =7850 Kg/m^3
Vol of Girder = length x area x no of girder = 31.7 x 0.10 x 8
= 3.04 m^3
Weight of girders = vol x density =3.04 x 7850/1000
=228.86 T
Total Weight of girders (30% extra) = 228.86 x 1.3 =298 t

BALLAST LOAD
Ballast width =16.52m
Ballast length =32.3m
Avg thickness of ballast =0.5m
Density of ballast 1800 Kg/m^3
Vol of ballast = ballast width x ballast length x avg thickness
= 16.52 x 32.3 x 0.5 = 266.8 m^3
Total Weight of ballast = vol x density of ballast = 266.8 x 1800/1000
=480.3 T
BALLAST RETAINER LOAD
Ballast retainer width = 0.15m
Ballast retainer length= 32.3m
Avg thickness of ballast retainer= 0.95m
Vol of ballast retainer = ballast retainer width x ballast retainer length x avg thickness
= .015 x 32.3 x .95 = 9.21 m^3
Total Weight of ballast retainer = vol of ballast retainer x density of ballast
= 9.21 x 1800/1000 = 16.57 ton
HADRAILING
Weight of hand railing 50kg/m
Total weight of hand railing = weight x length x no.
= 50 x 32.3 x 2/1000 =3.23T
FOOTPATH WEIGHT
Weight of footpath 72kg/m^2
Total weight of hand railing= weight x length x no.
=72 x 32.3 x 2/1000 = 4.65 T
2.2 PORTAL BEAM SHRINKAGE EFFECTS: The shrinkage effects for portal beam will create lateral
force and moments in piers which is being considered along with long term elastic modulus of piers
which presented as following.

Maximum shrinkage strain in portal beam, sh = 0.0003 ( As per CL: 5.2.3.1 of IRS CBC)
Grade of Concrete of Piers = M45, concrete grade for portal beam=45Mpa, Elastic Modulus =
32500Mpa, creep Coefficient for piers = 1.6 (at 28 days), thermal expansion coeff  = 1.7E-5
The analysis of portal piers shall be done using above parameters, however for the sake of simplicity
a equivalent temp fall load being applied on portal beams to get the desired effects on piers as
following.

Equivalent Temp Fall Load = -(sh / x 1/(1+creep coeff.) = -0.0003/1.3e-5x1/(1+1.6)=-8.87 degree

The above temperature load (-8.87 degree) shall be applied on portal beams with thermal expansion
coeff for piers shall be 1.3e-5.

2.3 THERMAL FORCES The temperature variation for portal beam is considered as +/- 35 degree
centigrade for the analysis and design of sub structure.

2.4 BREAKING AND TRACTIVE FORCES

The braking tractive force has been calculated as per IRS bridge rule, the braking forces are
following.

Total braking and tractive force = 1000 kN per track

Total no of tracks = 3

Total Breaking and tractive force, Hr= 3x 1000= 3000 kN for three tracks. -------------------(a)

Frictional forces provided by bearings = friction coeff. X total vertical loads

Total Load of one span = Girder weight+ Deck weight+ Ballast + ballast retainer +sleeper + rail +Live
load

= 290x8(1.3 for splice and bracings) +4520+4830+166+135+117

+3372x3

= 22900 kN

Maximum Frictional forces provided by bearings .V(max)= 0.05x22900 = 1145 kN

Combined horizontal forces = .V(max) +Hr/2 = 1145 +3000/2=2645 kN -----------------(b)

Minimum Frictional forces provided by bearings .V(min)= 0.02x22900 = 458 kN

Combined horizontal forces = Hr - .V(min) = 3000-458 =2542 kN -----------------(c)

Horizontal force maximum of (a),(b) and (c) is 3000kN

2.5 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES

HFL 802.68
Scour Level 799.23
Submerged height of pier h = 3.45 m
Seismic Coeff. Ah = 0.36
Diameter of envelope a = 2.3 m
Weight of water in encevelope We = 143.2664 kN
Ce ( coefficient as per Table 4 of IRS Seismic Code
h/a = 1.50
Ce = 0.482
Total Horizontal Force F = Ce. Ah. We
F = 24.89 kN

Hydro Dynamic Force 24.89 kN

Water Height 3.45 m
C1 0.71
Items Force dist moment
C3F 16 2.00 32.50
C2Pb 8.6 0.50 4.3
Pb-C2Pb 0.044 0.334 0.015
Total 24.89 1.48 36.82

2.6 WATER CURRENT FORCES

P = K .A .V2

K ( Shape factor ) = 35
A ( Area in elivation exposed to water face) 7.935 m2
V ( max mean velocity of water) 3 m/s

Total Water Current Force 2499.525 kg

or 2.499525 kN

Point of Application of water current forces 2h/3

2.3 m
Total Moment due to water current forces 5.749 kN.m
2.7 Buoyancy
Effect of buoyancy on pier -182.505 kN
Effect of buoyancy on Footing
Footing weight 4000 kN
buoyancy force on footing = footing wt/25*10 -1600 kN

Total Buoyancy force -1782.51 kN

2.8 SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS

Time period calculations for Sub Structure P2

Lumped Mass of Super Structure = Girder weight+ Deck weight+ Ballast + ballast retainer +sleeper +
rail

= 290x8(1.3 for splice and bracings) +4520+4830+166+135+117

= 7954 kN

Lumped mass of LL= 50% LL = 50% of 3372x3=10116 kN

= 5058 kN

Lumped mass of Portal beam and substructure = Self weight as per analysis model

Deflection Under Lumped Mass(Deflection has been calculated based on 75% of Gross Moment of Inertia for pier)
Table 1Refer Staad Model

HorizontalVertical HorizontalResultant Rotational

Node L/C X mm Y mm Z mm mm rX rad rY rad rZ rad
4 7 SEISMIC TITLE
538.888
EQ X 0 0 538.888 0 0.001 -0.03
8 SEISMIC TITLE EQ0Y 1.198 -0.453 1.281 0 0 0
9 SEISMIC TITLE EQ0Z 2.884 239.412 239.429 0.004 0 0

Longitudinal Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under selfweight and SIDL.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 538.888mm

Time period using above formula is =2x3.14(0.539/9.81)^.50 = 1.472 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata is as follows

Z.Sa(g)= .432/T= .432/1.472 = 0.293

Sa/g(2) as per Code

Z.Sa/g(2) as per Code = Z x 1/T = .24x 1/1.472 = 0.163

Maximum Longitudinal response (ZxSa/g) = 0.293

Transverse Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under self weight, SIDL and 50%Live Load.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 167.6mm

Time period using above formula is =2x3.14(0.239/9.81)^.50 = 0.980 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata = .432/T= .432/.980 = 0.441

Sa/g(2) as per IRS Seismic Code = Z x 1/T = .24x 1/.980 = 0.245

Maximum Transverse response (ZxSa/g) = 0.441

Vertical Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under self weight, SIDL and 50%Live Load.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 1.252mm

Time period using above formula is =2x3.14(0.0012/9.81)^.50 = 0.07 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata = .531(1+15T)= .531(1+15x0.07) = 1.09

Sa/g(2) as per IRS Seismic Code = Z x 2.5 = .24x 2.5 = 0.60

Maximum Transverse response (ZxSa/g) = 1.09

Analysis of structure is performed considering Seismic Mass and Seismic forces results from Staad
Analysis to be multiply by ZxSa/gxI/R and load factor in load combinations for each elements
separately.

Seismic Coefficient for Portal Beam: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be considered
as R=1 and I=1.5. The seismic Coefficient to be as following.

Longitudinal seismic = 1/2xZxSa(g)xI/R

DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR FOUNDATION,PORTAL BEAMS,BEARINGS

Longitudinal Vertical
Transverse Seismic
Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site As Site
Parameters As per As per
specific specific per specific
Code Code
Seismic Seismic Code Seismic
spectra spectra spectra

ZxSa/g 0.163 0.293 0.245 0.441 0.6 1.09

R 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.12225 0.21975 0.18375 0.33075 0.45 0.8175

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

Seismic Coeff
0.183375 0.21975 0.275625 0.33075 0.675 0.8175
with Load Factor

0.545(2/3 OF
Max for design 0.21975 0.33075
0.8175)

Seismic Coefficient for Portal Columns: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be
considered as R=3 and I=1.5. The seismic Coefficient to be as following.
DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR COLUMNS

Longitudinal Vertical
Transverse Seismic
Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site As Site
Parameters As per As per
specific specific per specific
Code Code
Seismic Seismic Code Seismic
spectra spectra spectra

ZxSa/g 0.163 0.293 0.245 0.441 0.6 1.09

R 3 3 3 3 3 3
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.04075 0.07325 0.06125 0.11025 0.15 0.2725

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

Seismic Coeff
0.061125 0.07325 0.091875 0.11025 0.225 0.2725
with Load Factor

0.18(2/3 OF
Max for design 0.07325 0.11025
0.27)

Seismic Coefficient for Seismic Stopper: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be
considered as R=1 , I=1.5 and a factor of 2 for impact loading. The seismic Coefficient to be as
following.

DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR SEISMIC STOPPER

Longitudinal Transverse
Vertical Seismic
Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site Site
Parameters As per As per As per
specific specific specific
Code Code Code
Seismic Seismic Seismic
spectra spectra spectra
ZxSa/g 0.163 0.293 0.245 0.441 0.6 1.09
 R 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.12225 0.21975 0.18375 0.33075 0.45 0.8175

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

Impact factor 2 2 2 2 2 2

Seismic Coeff
0.36675 0.4395 0.55125 0.6615 1.35 1.635
with Load Factor
1.09(2/3
Max for design 0.4395 0.6615
OF 1.64)

Time period calculations for Sub Structure P1 & P3

Lumped Mass of Super Structure = Girder weight+ Deck weight+ Ballast + ballast retainer +sleeper +
rail

= 290x8(1.3 for splice and bracings) +4520+4830+166+135+117

= 7954 kN

Lumped mass of LL= 50% LL = 50% of 3372x3=10116 kN

= 5058 kN

Lumped mass of Portal beam and substructure = Self weight as per analysis model

Deflection Under Lumped Mass(Deflection has been calculated based on 75% of Gross Moment of Inertia for pier)
Table 2Refer Staad Model

HorizontalVertical HorizontalResultant Rotational

Node L/C X mm Y mm Z mm mm rX rad rY rad rZ rad
4 7 SEISMIC TITLE
499.352
EQ X 0 0 499.352 0 0 -0.027
8 SEISMIC TITLE EQ0Y 1.256 -0.011 1.256 0 0 0
9 SEISMIC TITLE EQ0Z 2.464 280.225 280.236 0.006 0 0

Longitudinal Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under selfweight and SIDL.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 499mm

Time period (T) using above formula is =2x3.14(0.499/9.81)^.50 = 1.416 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata is as follows

Z.Sa(g)= .432/T= .432/1.416 = 0.305

Sa/g(2) as per Code

Z.Sa/g(2) as per Code = Z x 1/T = .24x 1/1.416 = 0.169

Maximum Longitudinal response (ZxSa/g) = 0.305

Transverse Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under self weight, SIDL and 50%Live Load.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 280.2mm

Time period using above formula is =2x3.14(0.280/9.81)^.50 = 1.06 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata = .432/T= .432/1.06 = 0.407

Sa/g(2) as per IRS Seismic Code = Z x 1/T = .24x 1/1.06 = 0.226

Maximum Transverse response (ZxSa/g) = 0.407

Vertical Vibration mode: The deflection under lumped mass has been calculated at Pier Cap top
under self weight, SIDL and 50%Live Load.

As per Staad analysis the deflection is = 1.3mm

Time period using above formula is =2x3.14(0.0013/9.81)^.50 = 0.072 seconds

Z.Sa/g(1) as per Site specific Strata = .531(1+15T)= .531(1+15x0.072) = 1.105

Sa/g(2) as per IRS Seismic Code = Z x 2.5 = .24x 2.5 = 0.60

Maximum Transverse response (ZxSa/g) = 1.105

Analysis of structure is performed considering Seismic Mass and Seismic forces results from Staad
Analysis to be multiply by ZxSa/gxI/R and load factor in load combinations for each elements
separately.

Seismic Coefficient for Portal Beam: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be considered
as R=1 and I=1.5. The seismic Coefficient to be as following.

Longitudinal seismic = 1/2xZxSa(g)xI/R

DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR FOUNDATION, PORTAL BEAMS, BEARINGS

Longitudinal Transverse Vertical

Seismic Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site As Site
Parameters As per As per
specific specific per specific
Code Code
Seismic Seismic Code Seismic
spectra spectra spectra

ZxSa/g 0.169 0.305 0.226 0.407 0.6 1.1

R 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.12675 0.22875 0.1695 0.30525 0.45 0.825

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

 Seismic Coeff
0.190125 0.22875 0.25425 0.30525 0.675 0.825
with Load Factor

0.55(2/3 OF
Max for design 0.22875 0.30525
0.83)

Seismic Coefficient for Portal Columns: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be
considered as R=3 and I=1.5. The seismic Coefficient to be as following.

DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR COLUMNS

Longitudinal Transverse Vertical

Seismic Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site As Site
Parameters As per As per
specific specific per specific
Code Code
Seismic Seismic Code Seismic
spectra spectra spectra

ZxSa/g 0.169 0.305 0.226 0.407 0.6 1.1

R 3 3 3 3 3 3
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.04225 0.07625 0.0565 0.10175 0.15 0.275

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

Seismic Coeff
0.063375 0.07625 0.08475 0.10175 0.225 0.275
with Load Factor

0.18(2/3 OF
Max for design 0.07625 0.10175
0.28)

Seismic Coefficient for Seismic Stopper: Response reduction factor for portal beam shall be
considered as R=1 , I=1.5 and a factor of 2 for impact loading. The seismic Coefficient to be as
following.
DESIGN SEISMIC COEFFICIENT FOR SEISMIC STOPPER

Longitudinal Transverse
Vertical Seismic
Seismic Seismic
As per As per As per
Seismic
Site Site Site
Parameters As per As per As per
specific specific specific
Code Code Code
Seismic Seismic Seismic
spectra spectra spectra

ZxSa/g 0.169 0.305 0.226 0.407 0.6 1.1

R 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Ah=Z/2xSa/gxI/R 0.12675 0.22875 0.1695 0.30525 0.45 0.825

Load Factor 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1

Impact factor 2 2 2 2 2 2

Seismic Coeff
0.38025 0.4575 0.5085 0.6105 1.35 1.65
with Load Factor
1.1(2/3
Max for design 0.4575 0.6105 OF
1.65)

As the analysis is performed using seismic mass in all directions, the seismic forces shall be
multiplied by Max design seismic coefficient as calculated(which included Load Factors) in above
table with directional combination factors (100% considered direction and 30% for other directions) .

Seismic Load Combinations shall be as per IRS seismic code 2020 which as followings
2.9 WIND

As per IS 875 Part 3 :2015

k1 1.07 ka 1
k2 1.15 kd 0.9
k3 1.36
Basic wind speed = 47 m/s (Plain terrain at height 10m)Table 1 of IS
Design wind speed = 78.7 m/s From Table 8 of IS 875 875 part - 3
2
Design wind pressure PZ = 3711.8 N/m Part - 3 :2015 :2015
2
Design wind pressure PZ = 3340.6 N/m
2
FT = PZ A1 Ct = 647.0 Kg/m Ct= 1.90
2
FL ( 0.25*FT ) = 161.8 Kg/m (-Cp)= 0.75
2
Fv = PZ A3 (+/- Cp) = 68.1 Kg/m (+Cp)= 0.20
2
Fv = PZ A3 (+/- Cp) = 255.4 Kg/m
Downward vertical wind load Fv
Fv = 594.75 x 68.1 x 5.4 = 214.58 t /pier
Upward vertical wind load Fv
Fv = 594.75 x 255.4 x 5.4 = 804.67 t/pier
WIND FORCES ON LIVE LOAD

Basic wind speed = 47 m/s (Plain terrain at height 10m)

Design wind speed = 78.7 m/s
2 As per IS 875 Part -3
Design wind pressure PZ = 3711.8 N/m
2
Design wind pressure PZ = 3340.6 N/m
2
FT = PZ A1 Ct = 408.6 Kg/m Ct= 1.20
2
FL ( 0.25*FT ) = 102.2 Kg/m (-Cp) 0.75
2
Fv = PZ A3 +Cp = 75.7 Kg/m (+Cp) 0.20
2
Fv = PZ A3 -Cp = 283.8 Kg/m

WIND FORCES ON SUB STRUCTURE REF: IS 875 Part - 3 2015

Basic wind speed = 47 m/s (Plain terrain at height 10m)

Design wind speed = 78.7 m/s (From Table 8 IS -875
2
Design wind pressure PZ = 3711.8 N/m Part -3 2015)
2
Design wind pressure PZ = 3340.6 N/m 340.53188

2
FT = PZ A1 Ct = 647.0 Kg/m Ct= 1.90
2
FL ( 0.25*FT ) = 161.8 Kg/m (-Cp)= 0.75
2
Fv = PZ A3 - Cp = 68.1 Kg/m (+Cp)= 0.20
3
Fv = PZ A3 +Cp = 255.4 Kg/m

TRANSEVERSE DIRECTION LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION

Description Area H Area H
t t
Wind on Super Structure 125.9 79.93 70.9 11.25
Wind on Movind load 130.0 52.11 42.0 4.21
Wind on Pier cap 5.8 3.68 47.16 7.48
Note: Wind force is very insig nifica nt in comparision with Seismic load, hence not considered in combination.
2.10 SLENERNESS EFFECT:- The effect of long term is considered as following.

Effective height of column = 2.3xh (longitudinal direction or moment about transverse axis)

= 1.5xh (transverse direction moment about longitudinal axis)

As the pier is circular type hence effective pier height is considered 2.3xh and slender moment is
added in resultant moment of both axis.

The slenderness moment calculations has been applied separately in force table for columns.