0 G`sb Qrbycgtb Fenrbclågtregb Cl Puekhb

Necib Ocrd`dnb @k`y` _cl`sgb

@diec Jule`d` G`rkbd` Obrcrb
Ju`d Jbså G`strb @vel`
K`rzb 8181

Edstetuge÷d Sdevcrset`re` Qbletågdegb Ir`dgblbkhe`db

O`gult`n nc Dcibgebs, Icste÷d y Wbstcdehelen`n
Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l
 ee
^`hl` nc Gbdtcdenbs

_`re`hlcs @ocgt`n`s pbr l` Qrbhlckàteg`.........................................................................................v

Edtrbnugge÷d.................................................................................................................................v
@ devcl sbge`l:..............................................................................................................................v
@ devcl cgbd÷kegb:.....................................................................................................................ve
@ devcl kcneb`khecdt`l:...........................................................................................................vee
Cstek`gebdcs sbge`lcs, `khecdt`lcs y cgbd÷keg`s quc fuhecr`d pbnenb ketei`r lbs prbhlck`s
cxestcdtcs cd cl Puekhb..................................................................................................................ex
Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d `khecdt`l:....................................................................................................ex
Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d Cgbd÷keg`:..................................................................................................ex
Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d Wbge`l:...........................................................................................................x
Irupbs nc Edtcrås p`r` ^cdcr cd Gucdt` pbr Q`rtc nc l` Ckprcs`.................................................xe
(Edtcrdbs y Cxtcrdbs)......................................................................................................................xe
²G÷kb ud prbir`k` nc Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l pucnc scr útel p`r` ketei`r cl
ekp`gtb sbge`l, cgbd÷kegb y `khecdt`l cd gbdgbrn`dge` gbd lbs rcqucrekecdtbs nc lbs irupbs nc
edtcrås2.........................................................................................................................................xvee
Qrbpbsege÷d nc @ggebdcs Gbdnugcdtcs pbr G`n` Sd` nc l`s O`scs ncl Qrbir`k` nc
Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l............................................................................................xxe
Lest` nc rcocrcdge`s......................................................................................................................xxv
 eee
Lest` nc t`hl`s

^`hlc 0 IXSQB NC ED^CXCW ED^CXDB....................................................................................x

^`hlc 8 IXSQB NC ED^CXCW CV^CXDB.................................................................................xee
^`hlc 7 GXBDBIX@K@ NC @G^E_EN@NCW..........................................................................xxe
 ev
_`re`hlcs @ocgt`n`s pbr l` Qrbhlckàteg`

Edtrbnugge÷d

L` fenrbclågtreg` cl Puekhb, uheg`n` cd cl ncp`rt`kcdtb ncl Fuel` y gbd kàs nc 6.111

fcgtàrc`s
fcgtàrc`s nc àrc` tbt`l, cs ud` nc l`s bhr`s cd gursb kàs ekpbrt`dtcs
ekpbrt`dtcs ncl p`ës. Qbr scr nc

ir`d tr`sgcdncdge`, cstc prbycgtb f` prcscdt`nb v`re`s prbhlckàteg`s cdtbrdb `l kcneb

`khecdtc y l` setu`ge÷d sbgebcgbd÷keg` nc lbs f`het`dtcs nc kudegepebs `lcn`ðbs, orcdtc

lb gu`l
gu`l Ckic
Ckics`
s` W.@.
W.@.,, l` ckprc
ckprcs`
s` gbd
gbdtr
tr`t
`tes
est`
t`,, f` prcsc
prcscdt
dt`n
`nbb `liu
`liudbs
dbs prbyc
prbycgt
gtbs
bs nc

ketei`ge÷d y gbkpcds`ge÷d quc p`r` kugfbs f`het`dtcs nc l` zbd` f`d senb pcrgehenbs

gbkb edsuoegecdtcs. Clmed Wch`steàd, 8100

@ devcl sbge`l:

- Ncspl`z`kecdtb: Xcsult` scr ud o`gtbr `ir`v`nb pbr l` prbhlckàteg` ` g`us` nc l`

ncir`n`
ncir`n`ge÷
ge÷dd ncl cdtbrdb
cdtbrdb kcneb`
kcneb`khe
khecdt
cdt`l
`l quc `ocgt`
`ocgt` cl `prbvcgf
`prbvcgf`ke
`kecdt
cdtbb nc rcgursb
rcgursb

ncrev`nbs nc rcgursbs prek`rebs quc oudgebd`d gbkb kcneb predgep`l nc tr`h`jb, suk`nb

` lbs ncs`lbjbs
ncs`lbjbs veblcdtbs
veblcdtbs y `kcd`z`s
`kcd`z`s prbnugen`s
prbnugen`s f`ge` l` gbkuden`n,
gbkuden`n, ud cjckplb
cjckplb nc cllb

ouc cl ncs`lbjb
ncs`lbjb nc pbhl`ge÷d
pbhl`ge÷d `ocgt`n` cd cl kudegepeb
kudegepeb nc Iei`dtc cspcgëoeg`kcdt
cspcgëoeg`kcdtcc cd lbs

 prcnebs l` _egtbre`, l` O`ll`, l` Xcjby`, y l` Hbrrcrb cd Judeb

Jud eb nc 8107, sciúd prcds` lbg`l.

 Fclgë`s Jbså @y`l` Kbsqucr`, 810? 

- _ebl`
bl`ge÷d nc Ncrcgfbs
fbs Fuk`
uk`dbs: Wbd kúlteplcs lbs ncrcgfbs fuk`dbs quc oucrbd

vuldcr`nbs ` g`us` nc l`s `ggebdcs cocgtu`n`s pbr CKICW@ y bri`deskbs ncl Cst`nb,

cvencdge`nbs cd:
 v
b Gbdt`ked`ge÷d ncl rëb pbr vcrtekecdtb nc scnekcdtbs.

b @ggebdcs
@ggebdcs veblcdt`s
veblcdt`s pbr p`rtc nc oucrz`s ncl Cst`nb cd k`deocst`ge
k`deocst`gebdcs
bdcs rc`lez`n`s

 pbr l` gbkuden`n.

b Lbs ncspbjbs `rhetr`rebs nc vevecdn` cocgtu`nbs cd v`rebs nc lbs kudegepebs ncl

Ncp`rt`kcdtb.

 Jbric Evàd Q`l`geb Q`l`geb, 8105

- Ncsc
Ncsckp
kplc
lcb:
b: Cl ncscq
ncscque
uele
lehr
hreb
eb cgbl
cgbl÷i
÷ieg
egbb prbvb
prbvbg`
g`nb
nb pbr l` `gte
`gteve
ven`n
n`n ncl Qrbycg
Qrbycgtb
tb

Fenrbclågtregb sc f` vestb rcprcscdt`n` cd l` csg`scz nc o`ud` `guàteg` ncl rëb K`in`lcd`,

nbdnc edvcstei`nbrcs `sciur`h`d quc pbnrë` `lg`dz`rsc l` kucrtc `hsblut` nc pcgcs cd

cstc
cstc gucr
gucrpb
pb `guà
`guàte
tegb
gb se db sc tbk`
tbk`h`
h`dd `gge
`ggebd
bdcs
cs gbrr
gbrrcg
cgte
tev`
v`s,
s, y` qu
qucc sc f`hë
f`hë`d
`d

gbdt`helez`nb 760 pcgcs kucrtbs ` l` brell` ncl rëb, ` g`us` ncl prbycgtb quc sc cst`h`

llcv`dnb ` g`hb. Xcvest` Wck`d`, 8105.

@ devcl cgbd÷kegb:

- Qrbnugge÷d Cgbd÷keg`:  L`
Qrbnugge÷d Cgbd÷keg`: prbhlckàteg` ncsckhbg÷ quc queådcs ncs`rrbll`h`d sus

`gteven`ncs prbnugtev`s cd l` zbd` ekp`gt`n` sc vecr`d oucrtckcdtc pcrjuneg`nbs, cd cl

g`sb
g`sb nc jbrd
jbrd`l
`lcr
crbs,
bs, `p`rg
`p`rgcr
crbs,
bs, tr`d
tr`dspb
spbrt
rt`n
`nbrc
brcs,
s, k`ncr
k`ncrcr
crbs,
bs, p`lc
p`lcrb
rbs,
s, k`ybr
k`ybrnbk
nbkbs,
bs,

 h`rcqucrbs y gbdstrugtbrcs, quc, ` su vcz `l dudg` scr ednckdez`nbs b gbkpcds`nbs, db

tuvecrbd
tuvecrbd obrk` edkcne`t`
edkcne`t` nc rcckpl`z`r sus `gteven`ncs
`gteven`ncs cgbd÷keg`s,
cgbd÷keg`s, `ocgt`dnb cd p`rtc

l` prbnugge÷d nc cst` rcie÷d. Ju`d G`rlbs Deðb Hbdell` 8100.

 ve
- Nctrekcdtb Q`trekbde`l:  L`s errciul`ren`ncs cdvuclt`s cd cl tràketc nc l` legcdge`

`khecdt`l bg`sebd`rbd ud n`ðb p`trekbde`l nbdnc sc vcd edvblugr`n`s l`s oedg`s y

fbi`rcs nc l`s pcrsbd`s quc vevë`d gcrg` nc l` bhr`, cstb prbvbg÷ pårnen`s quc `sgcdncrë`

` kàs nc lbs 731 kellbdcs

kellbdcs nc pcsbs, sciúd ncgl`r`gebdcs
ncgl`r`gebdcs nc l` Gbdtr`lbrë`
Gbdtr`lbrë` Icdcr`l nc l`

Xcpúhleg`. Cstb icdcr÷ quc l` cxplbt`ge÷d `irëgbl` ncl kudegepeb sc vecr` `ocgt`n` y` quc

lbs rcgursbs oucrbd vuldcr`nbs, bg`sebd`dnb pårnen`s cdtrc lbs nucðbs nc l`s oedg`s y

csg`scz cd cl ckplcb. Xcvest` Wck`d`, 8108.

- Edgr
Edgrck
ckcd
cdtb
tb nc
nc rcge
rcgehb
hbss púhl
púhlegbs:: Cl
egbs ncs`strc icdcr`nb pbr l` bpcr`ge÷d nc cs`s pl`dt`s

gbdncd`rë` lbs rcsencdtcs ncl àrc` nc edolucdge` ` p`i`r kàs nc 08.111 kellbdcs `du`lcs

 pbr cl tr`t`kecdtb nc `iu`s dcir`s quc sbd cketen`s pbr l`s pl`dt`s, quc `ukcdt`rë` ud

v`lbr `negebd`l nc $>3.111 pcsbs kcdsu`lcs ` sus rcgehbs nc scrvegebs nc `gucnugtb y

`lg`dt`rell`
`lg`dt`rell`nb.
nb. Ckics` db `gcpt` quc cl ncp`rt`kcdtb
ncp`rt`kcdtb sc` sbgeb ncl prbycgtb,
prbycgtb, pbr lb quc

rc`lezb gbdtr`prbpucst`s p`r` vcdncrlcs `ggebdcs nc l` ckprcs` nc Cdcrië` nc Hbibtà, cs

ncge
ncgerr quc
quc hcdc
hcdcoe
oege
ge`r
`rë`
ë`dd btrb
btrb dcib
dcibge
gebb ` o`vb
o`vbrr nc l` ckpr
ckprcs
cs`,
`, lb gu`l
gu`l db `yun
`yun``

cgbd÷ke
cgbd÷keg`k
g`kcdt
cdtcc ` lbs ncspl`z`n
ncspl`z`nbs
bs y `ocgt`n
`ocgt`nbs
bs pbr cst` setu`g
setu`ge÷d
e÷d..  Hl`neker W`dgfcz 

 Cspete`, 8108.
 vee
@ devcl kcneb`khecdt`l:

- @prbv
@prbvcg
cgf`k
f`kec
ecdt
dtb
b `huse
`husevb
vb nc rcsc
rcscrv`
rv` obr
obrcs
cst`l: Cl
t`l: Ibhecrdb nc `qucl cdtbdgcs ` tr`vås

ncl Kedestcreb nc Ked`s ncgl`r`rbd cl hbsquc gbd cspcgecs prbtcien`s gbkb “Stelen`n

 púhleg`‛, lb quc pcrkete÷ ` l` ckprcs`

ckprcs ` sustr`cr cl 53% nc rcgursbs
rcgu rsbs (7.871
(7. 871 Fcgtàrc`s) ncl

àrc` obrcst`l. @l eiu`l kúlteplcs cspcgecs nc `dek`lcs quc f`het`h`d l` zbd` oucrbd

cxpuls`nbs
cxpuls`nbs pbrquc CICKW@ tbkb p`rtc nc csbs tcrrcdbs
tcrrcdbs p`r` l` bhr`, pbr lb quc `ocgtb

ednerc
ednercgt`
gt`kcd
kcdtc
tc ` l`s gbkude
gbkuden`n
n`ncs
cs `lrcncn
`lrcncnbr
br y icd
icdcrb
crb n`ð
n`ðbs
bs cgbl÷i
cgbl÷iegb
egbss ` l` zbd`.
zbd`.

 Hl`neker W`dgfcz Cspete`, 8108.

- L`s bhr`s
bhr`s rc`l
rc`lez`
ez`n`s
n`s cd l`
l` gbdstru
gbdstrugge
gge÷d
÷d nc l` Fenr
Fenrbcl
bclågtr
ågtreg`
eg` cl Puekhb: @l
Puekhb: scr ud`

kci` gbdstrugge÷d sus ncscgfbs t`dtb quëkegbs, kctàlegbs, quc prbvecdcd ncl prbycgtb

fenrbclågtregb cd su gbdstrugge÷d db oucrbd hecd guen`nbs y pbr lb t`dtb ncsckhbg`d cd

cl rëb
rëb k`in
k`in`l
`lcd
cd`,
`, gbdt
gbdt`k
`ked
ed`dn
`dnbb y n`ð
n`ð`d
`dnb
nb cgbse
cgbsest
stck
ck`s
`s nc l` ven`
ven` k`re
k`red`
d` ncl rëb
rëb

icdcr`dnb ud` kbrt`dn`n ekpbrt`dtc nc pcgcs. Xcvest` L` hucd` cdcrië` ncl Puekhb,

8108.

- @ocg
@ocgt`
t`ge
ge÷d
÷d ncl ses
sestc
tck`
k` icbl
icbl÷i
÷ieg
egb
b pbr o`lt
o`lt`
` nc cstune
cstunebs
bs:: Wc prcscdt`rbd kugf`s o`ll`s

tcgt÷deg`s quc oucrbd nctcrebr`dnb g`rrctcr`s nc `ggcsb ` neocrcdtcs zbd`s quc rbnc`d cl

Puekhb, cstb sc nchc ` quc l` edobrk`ge÷d cdtrci`n` pbr Ckics` `l Kedestcreb nc

@khecdtc udbs cstunebs tcgt÷degbs db sustcdt`nbs cd n`tbs nc g`kpb, sedb cd ud`

sustcdt`ge÷d nc edobrk`ge÷d hehlebiràoeg` y cd obtbir`oë`s `årc`s, cl cstuneb nc l`s o`ll`s

db sc gbdtckpl÷ l` vuldcr`helen`n nc l` olbr` y o`ud` nc l` zbd`. CICKW@ t`kpbgb tuvb

 veee
cd gucdt` cstunebs tågdegbs p`r` llcv`r ` g`hb cl prbycgtb gbd l`s dbrk`s `khecdt`lcs

gbrrcgtbs y sed tcdcr cd gucdt` l`s `ocgt`gebdcs ` su pbhl`ge÷d. Ne`reb ncl Fuel`, 8106

Cstek`gebdcs sbge`lcs, `khecdt`lcs y cgbd÷keg`s quc fuhecr`d pbnenb ketei`r lbs

prbhlck`s cxestcdtcs cd cl Puekhb.

Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d `khecdt`l:

Sd prbycgtb nc rcst`ur`ge÷d nc lbs prbhlck`s icdcr`nbs pbr cl Puekhb cs rc`lez`r l`

lekp
lekpec
ecz`
z` ncl rëb
rëb gbd
gbd p`rt
p`rteg
egep
ep`g
`ge÷
e÷dd nc lbs
lbs pcsg`
pcsg`nb
nbrcs
rcs c ekpl
ekplck
ckcdt
cdt`r
`r sest
sestck
ck`s
`s nc

tr`t`kecdtb nc `iu`s rcsenu`lcs, gbd cl bhjctevb nc gbdgecdtez`r ` lbs f`het`dtcs ncl

kudegepeb nc l` ekpbrt`dge` ncl guen`nb ncl kcneb `khecdtc y` quc cl rëb f`gc p`rtc nc

su sustcdtb y `së encdteoeg`r l`s cstr`tcie`s kàs seideoeg`tev`s nc l` rcst`ur`ge÷d cgbl÷ieg`

nc l` zbd`. @negebd`lkcdt
@negebd`lkcdtc,
c, rc`lez`r seckhr` nc grë`s rcgeåd d`gen`s nc pcgcs y` quc lbs

n`ðbs `l cgbsestck` icdcr`d ud` kucrtc seideoeg`tev` nc pcgcs.

Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d Cgbd÷keg`:

Qrbpbdcr ud` kcs` nc `gucrnbs ncoedetevb, cd nbdnc l`s gbkuden`ncs ` tr`vås nc sus

bri`dez`gebdcs rcprcscdt`dtcs lbircd gbdscdsu`r lbs kbdtbs nc ednckdez`ge÷d p`r` l`

 pbhl`ge÷d nc lbs sces kudegepebs `ocgt`nbs gbd cl prbycgtb cd ud pl`zb kàxekb nc sces

kcscs. @negebd`lkcdtc, g`p`get`r ` l` pbhl`ge÷d `ocgt`n` kcne`dtc prbir`k`s tågdegbs y

tcgdbl÷iegbs cd gbdvcdeb gbd cl WCD@ y icdcr`r ckplcb kcne`dtc prbycgtbs prbnugtevbs

cd zbd`s nc rc`scdt`kecdtb.

We db sc lbir
lbir`` llci
llci`r
`r ` ud `guc
`gucrn
rnbb sbhr
sbhrcc cstb
cstbss kbdt
kbdtbs
bs,, l`s
l`s bri`
bri`de
dez`
z`ge
gebd
bdcs
cs cd

rcprcscdt`ge÷
rcprcscdt`ge÷dd nc l`s gbkuden`ncs
gbkuden`ncs `ocgt`n`s
`ocgt`n`s pbnràd oej`r ` tr`vås ncl ^rehud`l Wupcrebr 
 ex
ncl Nestretb Junege`l nc Dcev` l` suk` quc gbrrcspbdn` `l suhseneb `lekcdt`reb y l`hbr`l

quc p`i`rà l` oerk` prbpect`re` ncl prbycgtb ` g`n` udb nc lbs keckhrbs nc l`s o`kele`s

lbg`lez`n`s cd l` rcie÷d predgep`l y zbd`s `lcn`ð`s sciúd gbrrcspbdn` nur`dtc lbs

 pr÷xekbs vcedtc `ðbs (Qcrëbnb nc edircsbs oejbs quc icdcr`rà cl prbycgtb sciúd

CKICW@), `ncgu`dnb ` su vcz prbir`k`s quc obrt`lczg`d lbs usbs y gbstukhrcs

gultur`lcs, pblëteg`s, `së gbkb ud` lëdc` cnug`tev` quc obkcdtc cl ncs`rrbllb nc ducv`s

`gteven`ncs prbnugtev`s quc supl`d l`s dcgcsen`ncs edtcir`lcs quc y` db scràd s`tesocgf`s

` tr`vås nc vecj`s `gteven`ncs

`gteven`ncs prbnugtevbs
prbnugtevbs ` g`us` nc l`s `ocgt`gebdcs
`ocgt`gebdcs `l kcneb `khecdtc
`khecdtc

icdcr`n`s pbr cl prbycgtb fenrbclågtregb, brecdt`dnb ` l` supcrvevcdge` ncl puchlb cd

gucste÷d.

Ql`d nc ketei`ge÷d Wbge`l:

CKICW@ nchë` gbdstruer

gbdstruer oedg`s p`r` l`s pcrsbd`s quc f`d senb ncs`lbj`n`s
ncs`lbj`n`s nc su prcneb

 pbr l` gbdstrugge÷d nc cst` fenrbclågtreg`, `së keskb, btbri`r lbs rcgursbs dcgcs`rebs
d cgcs`rebs p`r`

gbkcdz`r ` icdcr`r edircsbs gbd cst`s oedg`s quc oucrbd cdtrci`n`s. ^`kheåd, rc`lez`r cl

`gbkp`ð`kecdtb psegbsbge`l y` quc sc vcd kuy `ocgt`n`s pbr l` pårnen` nc su vevecdn` y

nc sus p`rgcl`s y` quc cs cl kcneb nc sustcdtb p`r` l`s o`kele`s. @nckàs nc l` grc`ge÷d nc

gbdvcdebs
gbdvcdebs gbd gcdtrbs
gcdtrbs nc s`lun y rc`lez`ge÷d
rc`lez`ge÷d nc hrei`n`s cd lbs fbspet`lcs
fbspet`lcs gcrg`dbs p`r`

l`s pcrsbd`s `ocgt`n`s quc rcquecr`d ud gfcqucb kånegb, scrvegeb nc v`gud`ge÷d y `ggcsb

` scrvegebs prebret`rebs gbkb l`s uricdge`s. ^cdecdnb cd gucdt` quc cd kcneb ncl

ncspl`z`kecdtb nc l` pbhl`ge÷d cst`h` nc pbr kcneb cl hecdcst`r nc lbs deðbs, cd cstc g`sb

sc pbnrë` gbdtrehuer kcne`dtc l` gbdstrugge÷d nc gblciebs cd lui`rcs cstr`tåiegbs quc

 hcdcoegecd ` l`s gbkuden`ncs `lcn`ð`s y nercgt`kcdtc `ocgt`n`s. Icdcr`r ckplcbs ` l`s

gbkuden`ncs g`kpcsed`s y irupbs åtdegbs `ocgt`nbs p`r` quc sc`d hcdcoege`n`s l`s
 x
 pcrsbd`s kcdbs o`vbrcgen`s, `së keskb, gbdtrehuer `l prbircsb
pr bircsb ncl scgtbr `irëgbl` nc l`

rcie÷d, sblvcdt`dnb l`s neoegult`ncs cgbd÷keg`s nc l` zbd`.

Irupbs nc Edtcrås p`r` ^cdcr cd Gucdt` pbr Q`rtc nc l` Ckprcs`

(Edtcrdbs y Cxtcrdbs)

^`hlc 0 IXSQB NC ED^CXCW ED^CXDB

 ED^CXDBW NCWGXEQGE×D 
Lbs tr`h`j`nbrcs pbr su tepb nc l`hbr sc cdgucdtr`d cxpucstbs ` recsibs y

cxeicdge`s gbkb rc`lez`r teckpb cxtr` y nbhl`r turdbs, lb gu`l cxpbdc su s`lun

kcdt`l y oëseg`, `së keskb l`s sust`dge`s quëkeg`s pcleirbs`s quc sc k`dcj`d

Gbl`hbr`nbrcs ncdtrb nc l` fenrbclågtreg` sbd pcrjunege`lcs p`r` cl hecdcst`r nc lbs ckplc`nbs

se llci`d ` tcdcr gbdt`gtb gbd `liúd clckcdtb nc cstc tepb. ^`kheåd, l`

k`depul`ge÷d nc neocrcdtcs k`qued`re`s y cquepb pcs`nb quc pbdcd cd recsib

l`s ven`s fuk`d`s y l`s bpcr`gebdcs quc `llë sc llcv`d ` g`hb.

Sd irupb prcocrcdge`l nc `ggebdest`s prcocrcdge`lcs ncl prbycgtb cl Puekhb

ncjb pbr oucr` l` pbsehelen`n nc quc cl fuel` `ggcnecr` ` p`rtc nc l` prbpecn`n

ncl prbycgtb fenrbclågtregb ` tr`vås nc l` gbkp`ðë`, cstbs `ggebdest`s tecdcd cd

@ggebdest`s
su pbncr cl 0>,19 pbr gecdtb nc l`s `ggebdcs ncl prbycgtb nc Ckics` y l`s

gu`lcs db oucrbd borcgen`s `l ibhecrdb ncl Fuel`, gu`dnb nchcrë` f`hcr ud

 prevelcieb p`r` cl Fuel`

Fuel` y` quc cl Puekhb sc gbdstruerà
gbdstruerà cd cstc ncp`rt`kcdtb.
ncp`rt`kcdtb.
Cd l` `nkedestr`ge÷d ncl prbycgtb cl Puekhb ncst`g`d nbs ekpbrt`dtcs
@nkedestr`ge÷
ckprcs`s quc sc cdg`ri`rbd nc l` `nkedestr`ge÷d y cstunebs pcrtedcdtcs
pcrtedcdtcs p`r`
d
llcv`r ` g`hb cl prbycgtb cd su tbt`len`n, ud` nc cst`s ckprcs`s cdg`ri`n`s ouc
 xe
CQK l` gu`l sc cdg`ri`h` nc gbdtrbl`r cl kbvekecdtb y `prbvcgf`kecdtb

gbrrcgtb nc lbs scrvegebs púhlegbs quc prcstb p`r` l` rc`lez`ge÷d ncl prbycgtb

quc cr`d (Cdcrië`, i`s, `iu`), l` gu`l l` f`gc ud o`gtbr ekpbrt`dtc ncdtrb nc l`

rc`lez`ge÷d ncl prbycgtb. Ncdtrb nc Ckics` sc sbleget`rbd lbs pcrkesbs

gbrrcspbdnecdtcs `dtc cl @DL@ p`r` l` gbdscguge÷d nc l` legcdge` `khecdt`l.

Wc gbdtr`t`rbd 81 ckprcs`s fuelcdscs borcgecdnb gbdtr`tbs nercgtbs gbd cl

 prbycgtb c ednercgtbs
ednercgtbs gbd su icste÷d sbge`l,
sbge`l, ckprcs`s `lekcdtege`s y nc

scrvegebs oucrbd l`s hcdcoege`n`s. Ckics` cd g`len`n nc ckplc`nbr pucnc

borcgcr ckplcbs tckpbr`lcs ` lbs rcsencdtcs nc l` zbd` kecdtr`s sc llci` ` ud`

Ckplc`nbrcs sbluge÷d ÷ptek` p`r` suhs`d`r p`rtc nc lbs n`ðbs g`us`nbs, sc lcs pbnrà

sbleget`r `pbyb p`r` f`gcr l` l`hbr nc rcst`ur`ge÷d ncl cgbsestck` gbkb l`

seckhr` nc àrhblcs, gultev`kecdtb nc k`tcre`s prek`s, guen`nb y rcst`ur`ge÷d

nc l` pcsg`, cst`s l`hbrcs pbnrë`d scr rckudcr`n`s kecdtr`s sc llcv`d ` g`hb y

lbs `ocgtbs lucib rcgupcrcd su predgep`l `gteven`n cgbd÷keg`.

 xee
^`hlc 8 IXSQB NC ED^CXCW CV^CXDB

CV^CXDBW NCWGXEQGE×D
Cl prbycgtb cl Puekhb pucnc tcdcr ud` screc nc glecdtcs, lbs gu`lcs

 predgep`lkcdtc sbd:
sbd:

•Qucnc icdcr`r cl prbycgtb cl Puekhb scrë` cl prbpeb p`ës y` quc icdcr`rë` ud

?6% kàs nc l` bocrt` cdcriåteg` cd Gblbkhe`, `l eiu`l gbdtrehuerë` ` neskeduer 

cl prcgeb nc l` cdcrië` cd cl kcrg`nb.

•Cl cst`nb gblbkhe`db `l eiu`l scrë` ud glecdtc y` quc l` fenrbclågtreg`

icdcr`rë` edircsbs (rctrehuge÷d oesg`l).

•@ lbs f`het`dtcs nc l` zbd` pbnrë`d icdcr`r ckplcbs nercgtbs b ednercgtbs y`

sc` nur`dtc o`sc nc gbdstrugge÷d u bpcr`ge÷d.

•Cl ncp`rt`kcdtb scrë` ud glecdtc kàs, y` quc cl prbycgtb icdcr` bpbrtuden`n

Glecdtcs
nc kcjbr`r y nevcrseoeg`r l` `gteven`n cgbd÷keg` nc l` zbd` y l`s gbkuden`ncs

quc vevcd `llë (Qcsg`, `iregultur`, tureskb, vë`s nc `ggcsb, pucdtcs,

edtcrg`khebs gbkcrge`lcs, kegrbckprcs`s, gbbpcr`tev`s.

•Quchlbs gcrg`dbs `l obrt`lcgcr l` cgbdbkë` gbd prbycgtbs prbnugtevbs, `l

`h`stcgcr nc `iu` pbt`hlc p`r` o`kele`s y l` gbkuden`n cd icdcr`l, obkcdt` l`

`iregultur` y i`d`ncrë`.

•Geun`n`dbs, y` quc sc i`r`dtez` l` nespbdehelen`n nc `iu` cd åpbg`s scg`s,

g`un`lcs `khecdt`lcs `prbpe`nbs gbdtrehuycd

gbdtrehuycd ` k`dtcdcr reb `h`jb y l`s

 pbhl`gebdcs quc ncpcdncd

ncpcdncd nc lbs keskbs, prcscrv`ge÷d
prcscrv`ge÷d ncl p`es`jc, cdtrc
cdtrc

btrbs.
 xeee
Cxestcd neocrcdtcs `ircke`gebdcs ncdtrb ncl ncp`rt`kcdtb ncl Fuel`, l`s

gu`lcs sc ncst`g`d `liud`s pbr l` ekpbrt`dge` ncl grcgekecdtb `irëgbl` ncl

kudegepeb nc Iei`dtc= l`s gu`lcs sc kcdgebd`d ` gbdtedu`ge÷d:

 Qrbgc`l W.@, quc sc cdg`ri` nc l` prbnugge÷d y vcdt` nc ^el`pe` nc l`

rcie÷d.

 Ocnc`rrbz, quc gbhej` ` lbs prbnugtbrcs nc `rrbz nc l` rcie÷d gbd cl

bhjctevb nc kcjbr`r su g`len`n nc ven`.

 Ocncr`ge÷d D`gebd`l nc G`g`btcrbs ncl Fuel`, quc sc cdg`ri` nc quc

@ircke`gebdcs `hbi`r pbr lbs edtcrcscs nc lbs g`g`bs gultbrcs nc l` rcie÷d.

 Gbketå nc G`octcrbs ncl Fuel`, quecd prbkucvc cl gultevb nc g`oå nc l`

rcie÷d t`dtb cd cl p`ës gbkb cd cl cxtcrebr y `hbi` pbr lbs g`oegultbrcs nc

Gblbkhe`.

 Gbketå nc I`d`ncrbs ncl Fuel`, quecdcs llcv`d l` vbgcrë` nc lbs i`d`ncrbs

`dtc l`s edstetugebdcs lbg`lcs y rciebd`lcs.

 Ocncr`ge÷d Gblbkhe`d` nc @guegultbrcs, quc tecdc pbr bhjctb kcjbr`r lbs

sestck`s prbnugtevbs ` tr`vås nc prbir`k`s p`r` lbs prbnugtbrcs nc

 pesgegultur`.
Gbkuden`n L` gbkuden`n quc vevc cd cl scgtbr db cstuvb nc `gucrnb gbd l` gbdstrugge÷d

ncl prbycgtb y` quc rcsult`rbd `ocgt`n`s gbkuden`ncs gbkb:

• Qcsg`nbrcs

• Qrbpect`rebs nc Oedg`s

• ^r`gtbrest`s

• ^`h`qucrbs

• G`octcrbs

• G`kpcsedbs

• F`het`dtcs `lcn`ðbs.
 xev
• Gbkuden`ncs ednëicd`s ncl Fuel` quc fby cd në` sbd h`st`dtcs l`s gu`lcs

tcdë`d su sustcdtb cgbd÷kegb cd neocrcdtcs `gteven`ncs cgbd÷keg`s, l`s

gbkuden`ncs `ocgt`n`s oucrbd: Lbs `dn`quecs cd @gcvcnb, lbs h`khug` y

 pecnr` pedt`n` cd @epc,

@epc, L` i`et`d` cd ^ek`dà, W`dt` K`re` cd W`dt` K`re`,

lbs iu`iu` cd Q`lcrkb, lbs gf`diu`y`gb cd Qet`letb, lbs t`k`s trcs y

k`dedgfcs cd Dcev`.

• @iregultbrcs.

• Kedcrbs `rtcs`d`lcs.
Cl cst`nb cs udb nc lbs rcspbds`hlcs nc l` gbdstrugge÷d ncl quekhb, y` quc

gcrg` nc 77.111 pcrsbd`s quc, `l p`rcgcr, cl prbycgtb fenrbclågtregb Cl

Puekhb db f` rcgbdbgenb gbkb `ocgt`n`s y` quc `l p`rcgcr cl Cst`nb y l`s

ckprcs`s Ckics` y Cdcl nchcd rcspbdncr pbr lbs ekp`gtbs sbge`lcs,

`khecdt`lcs, cgbd÷kegbs y gultur`lcs nc l` gbdstrugge÷d nc cst` rcprcs` cd cl

Fuel`. Qunecrbd f`gcr orcdtc ` cl @DL@ p`r` quc suspcdnecr` l` legcdge`

Cst`nb `khecdt`l ncl prbycgtb, lb gu`l db ouc `së, `nckàs quc db rcstetuycrbd l`s

tecrr`s ` l`s pcrsbd`s `ocgt`n`s pbr l` setu`ge÷d, y` quc ` l`s pcrsbd`s quc

icdcr`h`d `gteven`ncs prbnugtev`s

prbnugtev`s sc lcs ouc g`khe`nb su prbycgtb nc ven`, y`

quc nc l`s 75? quc o`lt`h`d pbr gbkpcds`r, 8>> prcoerecrbd quc sc lcs

rctrehuycr` cd nedcrb y 038 pbr rc`scdt`kecdtb ednevenu`lcs cd lbs quc sc f`d

cdtrci`nb p`rgcl`s nc >,53 fcgtàrc`s y sc f` ncs`rrbll`nb prbycgtbs

 prbnugtevbs.
Qrbvccnbrcs Q`r` l` gbdstrugge÷d ncl PSEKHB tbnbs lbs k`tcre`lcs utelez`nbs p`r` l`
gbdstrugge÷d ncl prbycgtb y nequc `uxele`r nc l` Gcdtr`l fenrbclågtreg` oucrbd

ncs`rrbll`nb pbr EDIC^CG, quc cs ud` ckprcs` gblbkhe`d` nc Edicdecrë` quc

gucdt` gbd ?1 `ðbs nc cxpcrecdge`, l` gu`l sukedestrb nc k`tcre`lcs ` btr`s

kúlteplcs gbdstruggebdcs lbs k`tcre`lcs gbd cspcgeoeg`gebdcs tågdeg`s p`r` ud`

 xv
gbdstrugge÷d s÷len` y sciur`, cdtrc lbs k`tcre`lcs utelez`nbs y cstunebs

tågdegbs sc rc`lez÷ ud` gbdtr`t`ge÷d nc oucdtcs nc k`tcre`l nespbdehlc cd l`

zbd`, quc `nckàs gukplecr`d gbd lbs rcquesetbs nc nurcz`, ir`dulbkctrë`,

 pl`stegen`n, reiencz,
reiencz, rcsestcdge` `l gbrtc, cdtrc
cdtrc btrb.
- @DL@

- @sbquekhb

- Qrbgur`nurë`

- Gbrpbr`ge÷d @ut÷dbk` Xciebd`l ncl @ltb K`in`lcd`

Bri`deskbs - CQK

nc - Ibhecrdb D`gebd`l

Wupcrvese÷d - Kedestcreb nc @khecdtc y ncs`rrbllb sbstcdehlc.

- Gbkese÷d D`gebd`l nc Wciuekecdtb ` lbs edgukplekecdtbs nc l` Legcdge`

@khecdt`l nc Cl Puekhb.

- Gbdtr`lbrë` Icdcr`l.

- Ibhcrd`ge÷d ncl Fuel` Wcgrct`re` ^ågdeg` G`ncd` Qesgëgbl`

²G÷kb ud prbir`k` nc Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l pucnc scr útel p`r` ketei`r cl

ekp`gtb sbge`l, cgbd÷kegb y `khecdt`l cd gbdgbrn`dge` gbd lbs rcqucrekecdtbs nc lbs

irupbs nc edtcrås2
 xve
Ncoedet
Ncoedetev`
ev`kcd
kcdtc
tc ud prbir`k
prbir`k`` nc Xcspbds`
Xcspbds`hel
helen`
en`nn Wbge`l
Wbge`l Ckprcs`
Ckprcs`re`
re`ll puc
pucnc
nc n`r 

kucstr` nc l` ekpbrt`dge` nc t`l fcrr`kecdt` ncdtrb nc ud sestck` nc dcgcsen`ncs

gbrrcl`gebd`n`s quc sc ncs`rrbll`d cd cstc g`sb ` p`rter nc ud prbycgtb, pucstb quc

oudgebd` gbkb kcg`deskb nc `gcrg`kecdtb quc pbtcdge` cl grcgekecdtb cgbd÷kegb, l`

edgluse÷d sbge`l y l` prbtcgge÷d ncl `khecdtc n`nb quc edoluyc nercgt`kcdtc sbhrc l`

 prbnugteven`n.

_estb ncsnc lbs pudtbs kàs këdekbs, cl prbir`k` prekcrb pucnc pcrgeher kugfbs n`tbs

ncsnc l` `rest` kàs sekplc, lb quc ` su vcz icdcr`rà quc db s÷lb sc cst`hlczg`d l`s

dcgcsen`ncs y p`rtegul`ren`ncs nc g`n` irupb nc edtcrås, sedb quc sc gbkprcdn` su

gbkpbrt`kecdtb, quc gbdnugerà ` ud` gbkprcdse÷d kugfb kàs prboudn` nc lbs keskbs.

@ p`rter su edegeb ` tr`vås nc ud prbir`k` nc Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l cl

nescðb nc edneg`nbrcs nc sbstcdehelen`n pcrketerë` cvencdge`r l` edolucdge` nc gretcrebs

cxtcrdbs sbhrc cl prbycgtb, `së gbkb `pbrt`rà nct`llcs sbhrc cl gbdtcxtb y l` rcspucst` pbr 

 p`rtc nc lbs `icdtcs edvblugr`nbs.

Cl prbir`k` o`gult`rà
o`gult`rà cl prbycgtb
prbycgtb p`r` gbdtckpl`r
gbdtckpl`r o`gtbrcs nc ekp`gtb p`r` g`n` udb nc

lbs irupbs nc edtcrås quc pucncd scr tr`t`nbs nc l`s seiuecdtcs obrk`s:

- @d`lez`dnb l` vedgul`ge÷d cstr`tåieg` y ckprcs`re`l nc l` icste÷d `khecdt`l pbr 

kcne
kcnebb nc ud lenc
lencr`z
r`zib
ib k`rg`
k`rg`nb
nb,, cdobg
cdobg`nb
`nb cd l` `led
`ledc`g
c`ge÷
e÷dd nc lbs
lbs o`gt
o`gtbrc
brcss

sbgebcgbd÷kegbs nc g`n` udb nc lbs irupbs nc edtcrås.

- Gbdsencr`dnb y cx`ked`dnb tbnb cl k`rgb lci`l quc nc scr gukplenb ` g`h`len`n

kedekez`rà `kbdcst`gebdcs quc sed nun` pbnrë`d `ocgt`r ` l` gbkuden`n sciúd l`

`ocgt`ge÷d quc sc f`y` icdcr`nb tr`s db f`hcr sciuenb cl råiekcd lci`l, ` lbs
 xvee
`ggebdest`s pucstb quc t`l `kbdcst`ge÷d ekp`gt`rà cd lbs olujbs cgbd÷kegbs

ncrev`nbs
ncrev`nbs ncl pcrebnb
pcrebnb cd gucste÷d,
gucste÷d, ` lbs ckplc`nbrcs
ckplc`nbrcs sciúd kcnen`s edtcrd`s
edtcrd`s quc

 pucn`d tbk`rsc y ` l` `nkedestr`ge÷d cd së. Cl gukplekecdtb

gu kplekecdtb nc
n c l`s bhlei`gebdcs

lci`lcs gbkb p`rtc nc su gbrrcspbds`helen`n gbd cl kcneb y cl rcspctb pbr lb

ncoedenb pbr cl Cst`nb gbkb gbdtrbl y veiel`dge`.

- Nescð`dnb fcrr`kecdt`s p`r` usb rcspbds`hlc nc rcgursbs d`tur`lcs, quc `sciur`

nespbdehelen`n nc cstbs ` l`rib pl`zb p`r` l` bri`dez`ge÷d y pbsehelet` su usb pbr 

 p`rtc nc l` gbkuden`n.

- @d`lez`dnb tbn` l` g`ncd` nc nestrehuge÷d cd l` quc sc ncscdvuclvc l` ckprcs`,

 p`r` `së cv`lu`r lbs ekp`gtbs bg`sebd`nbs ncsnc l`s prbpe`s k`tcre`s prek`s f`st`

cl `rrehb oed`l nc cdcrië` prbnugen` pbr l` fenrbclågtreg`.

- Obkcdt`dnb l` eddbv`ge÷d nc tepb kultenekcdsebd`l p`r` su pbtcdge`l `pleg`ge÷d

cd `ggebdcs ncs`rrbll`n`s t`dtb tàgteg`, gbkb cstr`tåieg` y bpcr`tev`kcdtc. Qbr 

cjckplb, rcprcscdt`n` cd cgbnescðbs nc edst`l`gebdcs, c edglusb cd l` cv`lu`ge÷d y

sustetuge÷d cd btrbs àkhetbs quc pucn`d edvblugr`r tcgdblbië`s kàs lekpe`s, lbs

csoucrzbs quc sc `plequcd cd cstbs àkhetbs pucncd `ocgt`r seideoeg`tev`kcdtc cl

ncsckpcðb nc lbs gbl`hbr`nbrcs, l` `nkedestr`ge÷d y ` l` gbkuden`n.

- Edvblugr`dnb
Edvblugr`dnb ` l` gbkuden`n
gbkuden`n cd prbgcsbs ncl prbycgtb
prbycgtb y` sc` ` tr`vås nc rcgursb

fuk`db, prbvccnbrcs sciúd l` bocrt` ckprcs`re`l quc pbsc` l` rcie÷d, cdtrc btrbs.
 xveee

- Icdcr`dnb nc cstuneb gbdst`dtc nc v`re`hlcs, cs ncger, ud` icste÷d y ketei`ge÷d

gbdtedu` ncl recsib p`r` tbnbs lbs pbsehlcs `ocgt`nbs.

- Obrt`lcgecdnb lbs g`d`lcs nc gbkudeg`ge÷d cd rcl`ge÷d gbd l` tr`dsp`rcdge`,

nbdnc
nbdnc ` tr`v
tr`vås
ås nc rcpbrt
rcpbrtcs
cs nc sbstc
sbstcde
dehe
hele
len`n
n`n,, hu
hucd
cd`s
`s pràgt
pràgteg
eg`s
`s nc ib
ibhe
hecrd
crdbb

gbrpbr`tevb b g÷neibs ckprcs`re`lcs db s÷lb sc gbkudequc, sedb quc t`kheåd sc

rcgeh` ud` rcspucst` gbdgrct` pbr p`rtc nc g`n` udb nc lbs edtcrcs`nbs.

- Kàs ekpbrt`dtc `úd, pl`dtc`dnb c ekplckcdt`dnb kcnebs gbd k`ybr devcl nc

coegecdge` quc lbircd l` rcgcpge÷d s`teso`gtbre` y prbkucv`d `l keskb teckpb

`ggebdcs gbdnugcdtcs `l ncs`rrbllb edtcir`l.

- Qbsehelet`dnb l` grc`ge÷d nc ud csgcd`reb `rk÷degb cdtrc tbnbs lbs irupbs cd

nbdnc sc csgugf`d l`s pcrgcpgebdcs nc g`n` udb nc lbs irupbs y sc rcspct` cl

cquelehreb, p`r` prbycgt`r l` gbkpcds`ge÷d.

@së keskb, cl prbir`k` pcrketerà cv`lu`r l`s rcspbds`helen`ncs nesgrcgebd`lcs quc pucnc

tbk`r l` ckprcs` ` p`rter nc l` setu`ge÷d `gtu`l nc l` rcie÷d b nc gbdnegebdcs quc pucn`d

 prbpege`r `ggebdcs ncsnc cstc tepb nc rcspbds`helen`n. Weckprc h`s`nbs cd ud` cstrcgf`

rcl`ge÷d cdtrc l` edtcir`len`n nc l`s `ggebdcs bpcr`tev`s y l` pl`dc`ge÷d cstr`tåieg`, lb quc

`oe`dz`rà l` gultur` nc l` bri`dez`ge÷d.

 xex
^bn`s cst`s `ggebdcs obrk`ràd ud` edtcr`gge÷d gbdstrugtev` quc `l rcprcscdt`r ud`

`oeden`n gbkplct` cdtrc l`s p`rtcs edtcrcs`n`s icdcr`rà pucdtcs nc gbdoe`dz` nbdnc sc

v`len` l` ek`icd nc l` ckprcs` `dtc l` gbkuden`n obrt`lcgecdnb `së su rcput`ge÷d y

obrt`lcgecdnb oed`dgecr`kcdtc l` ckprcs` pbr l` ek`icd prbycgt`n` ` lbs glecdtcs, cd

nbdnc `nckàs cl h`l`dgc sbge`l icdcr`nb grc`rà g`d`lcs nc gbkudeg`ge÷d nbdnc l`s

rctrb`lekcdt`gebdcs nc g`n` irupb gbdtrehueràd db s÷lb ` l` sbstcdehelen`n ncl prbir`k`

nc XWC sedb ` l` nc tbnb cl prbycgtb cd së.

Qrbpbsege÷d nc @ggebdcs Gbdnugcdtcs pbr G`n` Sd` nc l`s O`scs ncl Qrbir`k` nc

Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`l.

`. Cste
Cstek`
k`ge
ge÷d
÷d nc l`
l` lëdc
lëdc`
` h`sc:
h`sc:
 xx
Nc `gucrnb gbd lb cst`hlcgenb cd l`s Legcdge`s `khecdt`lcs, sc nctcrked÷ quc

CKICW@ nchc rcspbdncr ` l`s gbkuden`ncs quc vevë`d nc l` pesgegultur`, quc cr`

ud` nc l`s
l`s `gte
`gteve
ven`n
n`ncs
cs cgbd÷
cgbd÷ke
keg`
g`ss nc l` rcie÷
rcie÷d,
d, pbr cdnc
cdnc,, `ncl
`ncl`d
`dt`
t`rbd
rbd ud

 prbir`k` ncsnc cl `ðb 8100 cd nbdnc cv`lu`h`d cl gbkpbrt`kecdtb rcprbnugtevb

nc lbs pcgcs. Gbd h`sc cd lb `dtcrebr, sc llcv÷ ` g`hb l` gbdstrugge÷d nc ud`

cst`ge÷d pesgëgbl` quc husg` cl prbgcsb nc rcprbnugge÷d nc pcgcs gbd cl oed nc

rcpbhl
rcpbhl`r
`r cl ckh`l
ckh`lsc
sc cl Puekh
Puekhb.
b. Xc`l
Xc`lez
ez`dn
`dnbb ud` cv`l
cv`lu`g
u`ge÷
e÷dd nc lb `dtc
`dtcre
rebr,
br,

 punekbs nctcrked`r quc cd gbdjudtb gbd l` Ocncr`ge÷d Gblbkhe`d` nc

@guegultbrcs scrë` ve`hlc rc`lez`r gbdvcdebs gbd edstetugebdcs gbkb cl Wcrvegeb

 D`gebd`l nc @prcdnez`jc WCD@, quecdcs g`p`getcd ` l`s pcrsbd`s nercgt`kcdtc

`ocgt`n`s cd prbir`k`s rcl`gebd`nbs gbd l` pesgegultur`, gbd cl oed nc quc pucn`d

`nkedestr`r l`s i`d`dge`s quc bhtcdi`d nc cstc prbycgtb gbrrcgt`kcdtc, `negebd`l

` cstb, nchc btbri`rsc ud kbdtb ` g`n` pcrsbd` ncneg`n` ` cstc scgtbr p`r`

rc`dun`r l`s vcdt`s y pbsegebd`rsc ducv`kcdtc p`r` `gtev`r l` cgbdbkë` nc l`

rcie÷d.

h. Ql`dc
l`dc`g
`gee÷d:
÷d:

Wciúd ducstr`s cstek`gebdcs y l` prbhlckàteg` cst`hlcgen`, punekbs nctcrked`r 

quc cstc prbycgtb sc pucnc llcv`r ` g`hb cd gucste÷d nc ud `ðb `prbxek`n`kcdt

`prbxek`n`kcdtcc

tcdecdnb cd gucdt` quc csbs `gucrnbs tecdcd ud` veicdge` y ud pl`zb p`r`

gukplersc.

^`hlc 7 GXBDBIX@K@ NC @G^E_EN@NCW 

OCGF@ CD @GGEBDCW XCWQBDW@HLC OCGF@ NC CD^XCI@HLCW  

 xxe
PSC WC 
W CD^XCI@
 CW^@HLCGE×
Àrc` gcnen` pbr  ^crrcdb gbd
BG^SHXC Cst`hlcgcr ud` zbd` nc gbdstrugge÷d
edncrcd` ` CDCXB 8100 rcscrvbreb nc `iu`
8101  p`r` l` cst`ge÷d pesgëgbl`.
pesgëgbl`.
ocncg`g`b nc 00111 k8
Llcv`r ` g`hb l` gbdstrugge÷d nc ud`
 DB_ECKHXC cst`ge÷d pesgëgbl` gbd cl oed nc
Ckics` K@UB 8100 Cst`ge÷d pesgëgbl`
8101 `ukcdt`r l` rcprbnugge÷d nc pcgcs p`r`
rcpbhl`r cl ckh`lsc.
Wc oerk`rà `gt` gbd CKICW@ y gbd lbs
 pcsg`nbrcs `gcpt`dnb l` l` kcnen` nc
Btbri`kecdtb nc
OCHXCXB gbkpcds`ge÷d ` pcrsbd`s quc rcsencd y
Ckics` JSDEB 8100 ckplcbs ` lbs
8100 db rcsencd cd cl kudegepeb p`r`
 pcsg`nbrcs
rc`gtev`r l`s l`hbrcs prbnugtev`s
icdcr`dnb ckplcb.
@pcrtur` nc
k`trëgul`s y
L`s pcrsbd`s rcsencdtcs y db rcsencdtcs
cdtrci` ncl
gbkcdz`ràd su obrk`ge÷d cd gbdvcdeb
grbdbir`k` nc
OCHXCXB gbd cl Wcrvegeb D`gebd`l nc @prcdnez`jc
Ckics` ‗ WCD@ @IBW^B 81
8100 gl`scs p`r` cl
8100 WCD@, quc lcs pcrketerà `ggcncr ` kàs
 prbir`k` quc sc
g`pet`l p`r` sciuer llcv`dnb ` g`hb sus
llcv`rà ` g`hb gbd
 prbycgtbs prbnugtevbs.
prbnugtevbs.
l`s pcrsbd`s
`ocgt`n`s
Cd gbdjudtb gbd CKICW@ sc rc`lez`rà
ud cstuneb p`r` nctcrked`r se sc pucnc
edvcrter cd ud prbycgtb nc gbdstrugge÷d Westck` nc
K@XZB Ckics` - `iu`s
ncl sestck` nc `gucnugtb quc hcdcoege` @IBW^B 8100 `gucnugtb y
8100 ncl Fuel`
`l kudegepeb, gukplecdnb gbd lbs `lg`dt`rell`nb
gbkprbkesbs quc sc `nquerecrbd cd
kcs`s nc gbdgcrt`ge÷d.
Wc nchc rc`lez`r ud kbdetbrcb y
sciuekecdtb pcrk`dcdtc `l Edobrkc ncl
gbkpbrt`kecdtb nc lbs pcgcs nur`dtc cl kbdetbrcb y
K@UB WCQ^ECKHXC
ncsvëb ncl rëb, p`r` `së bhtcdcr  Ckics` sciuekecdtb
8100 8100
cxgclcdtcs rcsult`nbs gbd cl oed nc  prcleked`r 
i`r`dtez`r quc lbs pcsg`nbrcs sei`d kcdsu`lkcdtc
l`hbr`dnb s`teso`gtbre`kcdtc.
s`teso`gtbre`kcdtc.
Xc`lez`r ud` sbge`lez`ge÷d nc lbs
Icdcr`r edobrkc nc
`v`dgcs quc sc bhtuvecrbd gbd l`
Ckics` - G@X  lbs `v`dgcs ncl
K@UB 8100 cjcguge÷d ncl prbir`k` pcsqucrb judtb BG^SHXC 8100
- @DL@  prbir`k` pcsqucrb
gbd l`s `utbren`ncs `khecdt`lcs y
` l` gbkuden`n
CKICW@.

g. Ekpl
Ekplck
ckcd `ge÷d:
cdtt`ge
 xxee
Lbs
Lbs pcsg`
pcsg`nb
nbrcs
rcs rcse
rcsenc
ncdt
dtcs
cs y db rcsen
rcsencd
cdtc
tcs,
s, gbkude
gbkuden`
n`ncs
ncs ednë
ednëic
icd`
d`ss y l`

 pbhl`ge÷d cd icdcr`l, `l edege`r su obrk`ge÷d cd cl Wcrvegeb D`gebd`l nc

@prc
@prcdn
dnez
ez`j
`jcc WCD@
WCD@ rcge
rcgehc
hcdd g`p`
g`p`ge
get`
t`ge
gebd
bdcs
cs p`r`
p`r` `prc
`prcdn
dncr
cr tågd
tågdeg
eg`s
`s nc

kcjbr`kecdtb icdåtegb c ekplckcdt`r pblegultevb nc cspcgecs d`tev`s, lucib nc l`

seckhr` nc lbs prekcrbs `lcvedbs. Nc cst` k`dcr`, sc rc`gtev`

rc`gtev` s`teso`gtbre
s`teso`gtbre`kcdtc
`kcdtc

lbs g`d`lcs
g`d`lcs nc gbkcrge
gbkcrge`le
`lez`ge
z`ge÷d
÷d ` devcl
devcl d`gebd`l
d`gebd`l,, `së keskb,
keskb, pbsegeb
pbsegebd`r
d`r lbs

 prbnugtbs ekplckcdt`dnb ud pbrt`obleb nc scrvegebs nc prbnugtbs pesgëgbl`s. Cd

cst` o`sc nc ekplckcdt`ge÷d, l` Ocncr`ge÷d Gblbkhe`d` nc @guegultbrcs rc`lez` cl

rcsp
rcspcg
cgte
tevb
vb sciu
sciuek
ekec
ecdt
dtbb p`r`
p`r` quc
quc sc cstå
cstådd gukp
gukple
lecd
cdnb
nb lb cste
cstepu
pul`
l`nb
nb y sc

gbkec
gbkecdg
dgcd
cd ` icd
icdcr
cr`r
`r i`d
i`d`d
`dge
ge`s
`s nc cstc
cstc prbyc
prbycgt
gtbb prbnug
prbnugte
tevb
vb cd prb nc l`

gbkuden`n.

n. _cre
_creoe
oeg`
g`ge
ge÷d
÷d::

Q`r` vcreoeg`r quc lbs pl`dcs nc `gge÷d sc cståd llcv`dnb ` g`hb, sc rc`lez`rà ud

edobrkc nc sbstcdehelen`n quc rc`lez`rà Ckics` ` lbs irupbs nc edtcrås, nbdnc sc

dbteoeg`ràd lbs `v`dgcs bhtcdenbs nur`dtc l` ekplckcdt`ge÷d nc cstbs pl`dcs y

rcves`r `spcgtbs quc sc pucn`d kcjbr`r nc `gucrnb gbd cl `dàleses nc lbs irupbs nc

edtcrås gbdobrk`nbs pbr l` gbkuden`n.

L` cl`hbr`ge÷d nc cstc edobrkc tecdc gbkb bhjctevb gukpler lbs ledc`kecdtbs

cst`hlcgenbs cd l`s kcs`s nc gbdgele`ge÷d p`r` quc l`s gbkuden`ncs sc cdgucdtrcd

cdtcr`n`s nc lbs prbgcnekecdtbs quc llcv`rà ` g`hb Ckics` ` devcl cgbd÷kegb,

sbge`l y `khecdt`l p`r` quc l` gbkp`ðë` rcgbdbzg` lbs pbsehlcs recsibs ` lbs quc

sc pucnc cdorcdt`r y rcgeh`d rctrb`lekcdt`ge÷d nc l`s gbkuden`ncs.

 xxeee

Cl prby
prbycg
cgtb
tb pesg
pesgëg
ëgbl
bl`` quc
quc sc ekpl
ekplck
ckcd
cdt÷
t÷ cd l` gbku
gbkude
den`
n`nn sc gukp
gukple
le÷÷

s`teso`gtbre`kcdtc y` quc lb cstepul`nb pbr `kh`s p`rtcs sc gukple÷ rc`lez`dnb

g`p`get`gebdc
g`p`get`gebdcs,
s, rc`gtev`dnb
rc`gtev`dnb l` rcprbnugge÷d
rcprbnugge÷d y sckhr`dnb
sckhr`dnb `lcvedbs
`lcvedbs cd l` cst`ge÷d

 pesgëgbl` quc gbdstruy÷ Ckics` gbd cl oed nc rc`gtev`r l` prbnugteven`n nc l`

zbd`.

c. Xctrb`
Xctrb`lek
lekcdt
cdt`ge
`ge÷d
÷d y kcjbr`
kcjbr` gbdtedu
gbdtedu`:
`:

Sd` vcz cstepul`nb gbd l`s o`kele`s ud pl`d nc rc`scdt`kecdtb, sc gbkcdz÷ gbd

cl prbgcsb nc gbdsblen`ge÷d nc udbs ducvbs `scdt`kecdtbs cd sus predgep`lcs

`spcgtbs cgbd÷kegb, gultur`l, sbge`l y bri`dez`tevb, @nckàs sc cst`ràd rc`lez`dnb

kúlteplcs `scsbrë`s, sciuekecdtbs bpbrtudbs, kbdetbrcb y cv`lu`gebdcs ` g`n` ud`

nc l`s o`kele`s ncdtrb ncl pl`d, cd nbdnc sc lcs n` ud` rclcv`dge` b ekpbrt`dge`

cspcge`l ` lbs scrvegebs nc hecdcst`r cd cl lui`r nc tr`sl`nb y l` gbdsblen`ge÷d

sbgebcgbd÷keg` nc l` pbhl`ge÷d. Lbs neocrcdtcs cjcs tckàtegbs `hbrn`nbs cd cstbs

 prbgcsbs lbs gu`lcs sbd: Cgbdbkë` o`kele`r, Obrt`lcgekecdtb nc rcncs nc `pbyb,

tbk`
tbk` nc ncgeseb
ncgesebdcs,
dcs, f`h
f`hele
elen`nc
n`ncss gbkude
gbkudeg`t
g`tev`
ev`s,
s, nedàke
nedàkeg`
g` o`kele
o`kele`r,
`r, ven`
ven` cd

gbkuden`n, k`dcjb ncl cstrås y `n`pt`ge÷d.

 xxev

Lest` nc rcocrcdge`s

“^fc ledm hctwccd gbkpctetevc `nv`dt`ic `dn gbrpbr`tc sbge`l rcspbdsehelety‛ y “^fc

gbkpctetevc `nv`dt`ic bo gbrpbr`tc pfel`dtrbpfy‛,Xbkcrb, I. N. (8103). KCNEX L@

WBW^CDEHELEN@N: EDNEG@NBXCW CGBD×KEGBW, CGBLBIEGBW U WBGE@LCW.

Bhtcdenb nc fttp://pcdnecdtcnckeir`gebd.ugk.cs/edob/cg/jcg9/pno/gbk0-?.pno
fttp://pcdnecdtcnckeir`gebd.ugk.cs/edob/cg/jcg9/pno/gbk0-?.pno..

Oudn`ge÷ Oøruk @khecdt`l. (8118). Ckprcs` y kcneb `khecdtc: setu`ge÷d `gtu`l y tcdncdge`s.

H`rgclbd` - Csp`ð`: Oudn`ge÷ Oøruk @khecdt`l.

Hbur, C. (8108). Xcspbds`helen`n sbge`l nc l` ckprcs` `dàleses ncl gbdgcptb. Xcgupcr`nb

nc:fttp://hehlebtcg`neiet`l.uds.cnu.`r/sgeclb.pfp2
nc:fttp://hehlebtcg`neiet`l.uds.cnu.`r/sgeclb.pfp2

sgrept;sgeR`rttcxt&pen;W1>837?6V8108118811118&ldi;cs&drk;esb

K`rtëdcz, F. (8108). Xcspbds`helen`n sbge`l y åteg` ckprcs`re`l. Hbibtà, Gblbkhe`:

Gblbkhe`: Cgbc

Cneg
Cnegeb
ebdc
dcs.
s. Gblcg
Gblcgge
ge÷d
÷d Gec
Gecdg
dge`
e`ss @nk
@nked
edes
estr
tr`t
`tev
ev`s.
`s. Q`l`n
Q`l`ned
edb,
b, K. & Kbf
Kbf`d,
`d, @. (8118
(8118).
).

^cdncdge`s nc l` rcspbds`helen`n sbge`l ckprcs`re` cd @ricdted`. Hucdbs @ercs, @ricdted`.

Sdevcrsen`n @ustr`l. E@C Husedcss Wgfbbl.

H`rrctb , N. G. (8103). G`rtell` Db. 0 Edneg`nbrcs nc Wbstcdehelen`n. . Hbibtà, Gblbkhe`:

Edstetuge÷d Sdevcrset`re` Qbletågdegb Ir`dgblbkhe`db.

 xxv

H`rrctb, N. G. (8103). G`rtell` Db. 8 Edegebs nc l` Xcspbds`helen`n Wbge`l Ckprcs`re`. Hbibtà,

Gblbkhe`: Edstetuge÷d Sdevcrset`re` Qbletågdegb Ir`dgblbkhe`db.

Hl`neker Wàdgfcz Cspete` (810?). Nbgukcdt`l cl Puekhb. Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc

fttps://www.ybutuhc.gbk/w`tgf2v;J0t@7qvXIoK&t;651s

Qrcbgup`gebdcs pbr l` gbdstrugge÷d nc Fenrbclågtreg` Cl Puekhb | CLCWQCG^@NBX.GBK.

Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc

fttps://www.clcspcgt`nbr.gbk/dbtege`s/cgbdbke`/prcbgup`gebdcs-gbdstruggebd-nc-

fenrbclcgtreg`-cl-quekhb-`rtegulb-837866

@kcd`z` nc ncs`lbjb nc g`kpcsedbs `ocgt`nbs pbr Cl Puekhb quc f`hë`d rcgupcr`nb tecrr`s cd

Iei`dtc, Fuel`. (8107). Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc fttps://prcds`rur`l.bri/spep/spep.pfp2

`rteglc00103

W`l`z`r, D. (8100). Gbkuden`n nc Cl Puekhb cxeic l` ncocds` nc sus ncrcgfbs |

CLCWQCG^@NBX.GBK. Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc

fttps://www.clcspcgt`nbr.gbk/gbdtcdt/gbkuden`n-nc-cl-quekhb-cxeic-l`-ncocds`-nc-sus-

ncrcgfbs

Cl Puekhb: kci`prbycgtbs, ncrcgfbs cgbd÷kegbs, sbge`lcs y gultur`lcs y prbtcst` sbge`l cd

Gblbkhe`. (810?). Bhtcdenb cl `hrel 8181, ncsnc fttps://www.egj.bri/wp-

 xxve
gbdtcdt/uplb`ns/810?/17/Gblbkhe`-ClPuekhb-Kci`prbjcgts-CWGX-Quhleg`tebds-O`gts-

Oednedi-Kessebd-Xcpbrt-810?-WQ@.pno 

Nussàd, K. (8103). "Fenrbclågtreg` ncl Puekhb cs ud ncs`strc `khecdt`l y cgbd÷kegb."

Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc fttps://www.gbdt`iebr`neb.gbk/fenrbclcgtreg`-ncl-quekhb-cs-

ud-ncs`strc-`khecdt`l-y-cgbdbkegb/

L` fenrbclågtreg` Cl Puekhb, gbd lbs keskbs prbhlck`s nc Fenrbetu`dib. (8105). Bhtcdenb cl 0

`hrel 8181, ncsnc fttps://www.gbdt`iebr`neb.gbk/cl-quekhb-prbhlck`s-fenrbetu`dib/

Nuss`d, K. (810?). Cl Puekhb f` ncj`nb 0311 o`kele`s cd l` pbhrcz` `hsblut` ‗ Gbdt`ieb X`neb.

Bhtcdenb cl 0 `hrel 8181, orbk fttps://www.gbdt`iebr`neb.gbk/fenrbclcgtreg`-cl-quekhb-ncj`-

 pbhrcz`-`hsblut`/

Lbpcz @stunellb, @. (8115). G@WB: FENXBCLCG^XEG@ "CL PSEKHB" ½ Hlbi @rgfevc.

Bhtcdenb 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc

fttps://www.egcse.cnu.gb/hlbis/g`sbfenrbclcgtreg`clquekhb/8115/18/83/8/

Gbdtr`lbrë` edvcstei` errciul`ren`ncs cd Cl Puekhb. (8108). Bhtcdenb 0 `hrel 8181, ncsnc

fttps://www.sck`d`.gbk/d`gebd/`rtegulb/gbdtr`lbre`-edvcstei`-errciul`ren`ncs-cl-

quekhb/8?7>57-7
 xxvee
Lburncs Zekkcrk`dd, K. (810?). Sd ncs`strc obrcst`l ll`k`nb Puekhb. Bhtcdenb 0 `hrel

8181, ncsnc fttps://sbstcdehelen`n.sck`d`.gbk/kcneb-`khecdtc/`rtegulb/cl-quekhb-ud-ncs`strc-

obrcst`l/7>6