5.

FOUNDATION DESIGN
5.1 General
Foundation are the structural element that transfer the loads from the building or
individual columns to the earth. The scope of foundation design is to consider the
excessive settlement, rotation, differential settlement and safety against sliding
/overturning of foundation.
5.1.1 Types of Footings
a) Isolated Footing: used for single column and may have square rectangular or
circular
shapes
b) Strip Footing: Wall footing
c) Combined footing: supports two or more columns
d) Raft/Mat foundation: Support all columns. Used when soil bearing capacity is low
and sum of individual footing area is more than 50% of plinth area.
e) Pile/Well foundations: minimum three piles are capped to support the structures.
Well foundations are used in bridge foundations.
Selection of footings is made from experience but for economical foundations
following
factors governs the major.
- Bearing capacity of soil and N-values of SPT
- Permissible differential settlement
- Soil strata
- Type of structures and loadings on them
Here the type of footing adopted is an isolated footing of size ………………….
5.1.2 Bearing Capacity of soil
The total load per unit area under the footing must be less than permissible
bearing capacity of
the soil. Foundations must be designed to resist vertical loads, horizontal loads
and moments.
Typical net bearing capacity of different soil types are described below.
Rock: 3300KN/m2 to 450 KN/m2
Non-cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 100 KN/m2
Cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 50 KN/m2.
Here the safe bearing capacity adopted is a minimum 200KN/m2 for the proposed site.