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Presentation Testing Snad PDF
Presentation Testing Snad PDF
fter much debate, a table proposed revisions, let’s first look at will be used under dry service condi-
Corrosion threshold
The corrosion threshold is the Table 1. Water-soluble chloride-ion
amount of chloride ion that must be
present in concrete, along with mois-
limits in ACI 318-95
ture and oxygen, for corrosion to be- Type of member Maximum water-soluble Percent of water-soluble
gin. When tested by water-soluble test chloride ion (Cl-) content chloride corrosion
methods (see related article on various in concrete, percent by threshold (0.15%
chloride test procedures), the thresh- weight of cement by weight of cement)
old is generally taken as 0.15% chlo-
ride ion by weight of cement. For a Prestressed concrete 0.06 40
typical mixture containing 600 pounds
Reinforced concrete
of cement per cubic yard, this thresh-
exposed to chloride
old can be expressed as 0.9 pounds of
in service 0.15 100
chloride ion per cubic yard. When
tested by the acid-soluble test method, Reinforced concrete that
the amount is taken as 0.20% chloride will be dry or protected
ion by weight of cement, or for the from moisture in service 1.00 666
same cement content, 1.2 pounds of Other reinforced
chloride ion per cubic yard. concrete construction 0.30 200
To understand the rationale for the
would eliminate the use of certain
limestone aggregates in Midwestern
North America. These aggregates test
Table 2. Chloride limits for new construction
high in chlorides using either the acid- proposed by ACI Committee 222
or water-soluble ASTM test methods,
yet the high chloride content doesn’t Category of Maximum chloride ion (Cl-) content in concrete,
appear to affect the corrosion perfor- reinforced concrete percent by weight of cement
mance of structures made with con- Acid-soluble Water-soluble Water-soluble
crete containing the aggregates. To ad- (ASTM C 1152) (ASTM C 1218) (ACI 222.1)
dress this objection, ACI Committee
222 has adopted a test method that us- Prestressed 0.08 0.06 0.06
es the Soxhlet test method (described (pretensioned
in the related article). Concrete made or post-tensioned) (40%) (40%) (40%)
with these aggregates doesn’t exceed
the proposed lower chloride limits Non-prestressed, 0.10 0.08 0.08
when tested by the Soxhlet procedure. Wet conditions (50%) (53%) (53%)
Another committee concern was Non-prestressed, 0.20 0.15 0.15
that the Soxhlet method hasn’t yet
been adopted by ASTM. This point is Dry conditions (100%) (100%) (100%)
correct, but change proponents argue
that the ACI version of the test chloride accelerator as in the past. content is an issue. In other words, en-
method (ACI 222.1) can be used until Change proponents, however, argue gineers are currently writing specifica-
an ASTM version is available. that while the use of calcium chloride tion provisions that are far more strict
Some ACI 318 members were con- could be limited by adoption of lower than ACI 318 code requirements. ACI
cerned that new, lower limits would values for the maximum chloride-ion 318 does not allow the use of chloride
impose an economic burden on con- percentages, many specifications al- or admixtures containing chlorides for
crete producers since they would not ready ban any admixture with inten- prestressed concrete (section 3.6.3),
be allowed to use as much calcium tionally added chlorides when chloride but it has not gone this far for non-
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