UNIT-III

1.a) What is the use of directional antennas? 2 Marks

 b) what are Natural structures? 3 Marks
 c) Explain signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain contours and their influences.10 Marks
2.a) Write the equation of effective antenna height gain.
b)what are the advantages of Umbrella pattern antennas?
c) Explain the sum-and-difference patterns and their synthesis in detail. 10 Marks   

3.a) What are the advantages of space diversity technique?

b)what is Effective Radiated power?
c) Explain I) Glass-mounted antennas.
II) Horizontally and vertically oriented space-diversity antennas. 10 Marks
4. a) Give any two effects of human made structures. 2 Marks
   b) Give the general formula for mobile radio propagation. 3 Marks
    c)  Explain the phase difference between direct and reflected paths in detail. 10 Marks

5. a) write the equation of general pattern for a 2N elements array equi-spaced by a separation
‘d’.
b)Define Mobile Antennas?
c) Explain about Umbrella pattern antennas at cell site. 10 Marks
 
6. Derive the general formula used for signal propagation over water and flat area. 10 Marks

7. Explain a) Human made structures and b) Point-to-point model in detail. 10 Marks   

8.  Explain in detail about minimum separation of cell-site received antennas. 10 Marks   

9. a) Explain foliage losses and propagation in near-in distance.

b) Explain long distance propagation.   10 Marks   

10.Assume a receiver is located 10km from a 50w transmitter. The carrier frequency is 6 GHZ
and free space propagation is assumed Gt=1 and Gr =1W.
i) Find the power of the receiver.
ii) the magnitude of the electric field at the receiving antenna.
iii) The r.m.s voltage applied to the receiver input assuming that the receiving antenna has purely
real importance of 50ohms and is matched to the receiver. 10 Marks