Disease Pneumonia
Mode of Air borne droplets where when there is an ill
transmission contact through sneeze or breathing
Causative In young infant, it may be due to RSV
agents infection if diseases occur after birth
Congenital pneumonia may be due her mother
had been infected by Group B
Streptococcous
Older children tend to be infected by
Streptococcous Pneumoniae and other fungi
related such as Mycoplasma pneumonia
Pathophysiolog Infection of lungs will lead to local
y inflammation which causes formation of
exudates and infiltrate alveoli and
bronchioles Consolidation
General The patient will look severely ill and the
appearance of patient looks very restlessness and febrile
patient episode occur
Management Based on the causative agent that cause
pneumoniae, broad spectrum antibiotic need
to be given based on the gram stain cultured
in order to prevent any resistance to
antibiotics occur.
Then, followed with adequate hydration
based on fluid correction calculation.
Additional ventilation CPAP in severe cases.
Bronchiolitis
Air borne droplets where
when there is an ill contact
through sneeze or breathing
80% due to Respiratory
Synctial Virus in infant aged
(1-9 months) old and
associated with immature
lungs function. However,
there are also may be due to
infection of other causes of
URTI such as rhinovirus and
adenovirus.
Acquisition of
infectionInfect the upper
respiratory tractimmature
immune system in young
children fail to resist the
infectionNecrosis of
respiratory epithelium due to
certain local inflammatory
responseImpaired secretion
and elimination by
macrophagesSubmucosal
edema in
bronchiolesObstructive
airwaysV/Q Mismatch and
signs occursResolution and
healing
The patient are still looking
fine but with coughing and not
lethargic
Nebulised bronchodilators to
supress the effect of
bronchoconstriction.
Oxygen delivered by nasal
progs
Time will heal the symptoms