The Art of Go Series: Volume One Connecting Stones Wu Piao and Yu Xing Originally published by the People’s Athletic Publishing Co., China, under the title of Connecting Underneath and Connecting Stones. Editor - Mark E. Lass Associate Editor - James Bonomo Assisting Editor - Clyde SteadmanPublished by Yutopian Enterprises 2255 29th Street, Suite #3 Santa Monica, CA 90405 1-800-YUTOGO-3 yutopian@netcom.com, yutopian@aol.com hittp://www.webwind.go Copyright 1996 in the U.S.A. by Yutopian Enterprises All rights reserved according to international law. This book or any parts thereof may not be reproduced in any printed form, nor stored in any electronic retrieval system, nor recorded in any other medium without the written permission from the publishers, except for short excerpts as part of a written review. Translated by Dr. Sidney Yuan. Proof Assistance by Jeff Shaevel, Larry Tarof, and Jean Tantra Set ISBN: 1-889554-15-4 Volume ISBN: 1-889554-16-2 Make every effort to keep the unity of the spirit through the bond of peace From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work. Ephesians 4: 3, 16Table of Contents: Introduction: Foreword: Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Chapter Four - Endgame Moves Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications 75 115 143 173 itiIntroduction: Connecting seemingly separated groups of stones is an important part of go. If a player can learn to make such connections, he or she can often rescue an endangered group or attack an opponent’s group with unexpected fury. Studying the ways to fashion such connections is thus crucial for improving a player’s skill. This book consists entirely of problems requiring a connection, and their solutions. It is designed for independent study. One or two problems are presented at a time, followed by their solutions. This allows the reader to move at his or her own pace, and to check a solution immediately. Just as in a game of go, some problems require fighting a ko to connect, while others do not - the reader has to decide! The problems are grouped into five chapters. The first four each have a theme, such as connecting by capturing stones, which runs through the problems in the chapter. The fifth chapter consists of exercises, reviewing the methods developed earlier. Problems like the ones in this book occur in every game. Players who master these methods of connection can apply them in every game, and will take a big step upward in strength. They will notice, and their opponents will notice as well.Foreword: It has been my pleasure to bring this book to you. This would not have been possible without the support of my wife Susan who has helped with editing, nor without the advice of Sidney Yuan. I hope that you enjoy this book and that it helps you in your understanding of Go. Mark Editing this book has been surprisingly enjoyable. I hope that the problems interest each of you as much as they have interested me, and that the book helps you glimpse a bit more of the intricate balance that is Go. Jim This book represents the hard work of a community of people, some of whom haven’t ever met. It is a labor of love. This book will be a success if you become able to see more on the board, and come to enjoy the game even more because of it. ClydeChapter One_- Connecting at the Edge of the Board Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Connections from underneath take place in the corners or on the sides. In this chapter, the art of connecting along the edge is taught through exercises that increase in difficulty. EEE se Example 1- Black to play. How can he connect to the four stones on the left? + + + be Ty ¢ Example 2- Black to play. How can he connect to the corner group?@: Soore le ile. L Diagram 1a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move of black 1 is a common measure for connecting underneath. Playing at a also Diagram 1b- Failure to connect. The knight’s jump of black | does not work. White attaches with 2 and plays a clamp at 4 which cuts works. off the black group. imi im { + a ry | o/6 ry oi? af Diagram 2a- Correct Answer. The one-space jump of black 1 is the crucial move. There is no way for white to cut. Diagram 2b- Failure to connect. The two-space jump to black 1 is an overplay. White attaches with 2 and plays the clamp at 4. The black corner is dead.hapter One _- i the Edge Example 3- Black to play. How can he save the two black stones in the corner? cot = Example 4- White to play. How can he save his corner stones?6 ® ° Diagram 3a- Correct Answer. Diagram 3b- Failure to connect. The large knight’s move of black If black makes a small knight’s 1 (from the corner) is the vital move, white attaches with 2 point. White fails to cut. before playing the clamp at 4. Black fails to connect to the two stones in the corner. eo +e Diagram 4a- Correct Answer. Diagram 4b- The white group on the side is annihilated. The two-space jump on the White plays the attachment at 1 second line is the only move. followed by the descent to 3. Black cannot cut. Although the corner is alive, the group on the side is annihilated. 10Lo A 1 Example 5- Black to play. How can he save the corner group? OtTH Example 6- Black to play. How can he save the three black stones on the lower right? 11tins Diagram 5a- Correct Answer. The descent to black 1 is an excellent move. If white hanes at a, black cuts at b. The corner is saved. VY Diagram 5b- Failure to connect. Black plays a bending move with 1. This is a crude move. When white ataris at 2, black is eventually annihilated. i Heseg iat Diagram 6a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black 1 is crucial. From then on, black either connects from underneath or captures a white stone. Thus, the three black stones are saved. 12 ogre Black has been Diagram 6b- separated. If black jumps to 1, white easily cuts the three black stones off with white 2 and 4.- Conns re of O ro + lole® a 1} } | Example 7- White to play. How can he save his three stones? 4 { : I | Example 8- White to play. How can he rescue the five white stones? 13od @ Diagram 7a- Correct Answer. The clamp at white 1 is the vital point. If black ataris at 2, white descends to 3. Black cannot cut. roteed ‘ercoser yt Tee ose" t T Diagram 8a- Correct Answer. When white wedges at 1, black can only atari from the outside. After white 5, black fails to separate white. 14 Diagram 8b- Failure to connect. If white plays a clamp first, black calmly connects at 2, After 4, white has been cut apart.t {yt Tr 4 | HC Example 9- Black to play. How can he make a connection to the black corner stones? aa + H Ly { Example 10- Black to play. How can he rescue the middle black group? 15Diagram 9a- Correct Answer. Black 1 is vital. When white thrusts to 2, black cuts at 3. Black ataris at 5 and connects with 7. ote ‘@ Diagram 9c- Failure to connect. If black plays a clamp at 1, white connects at 2. After the atari at 4, black is cut off. Diagram 9b- Variation. White thrusts from the other side. Black cuts at 3 and still connects at 5. From an endgame point of view, the previous diagram is better for black. 2 -0o Diagram 10a- Correct Answer. The clamp at 1 is the correct move. White ataris at 2. Black connects underneath. 4 Diagram 10b- Variation. If white connects at 2, Black can cut white apart with 3. 16 Diagram 10c- Failure to connect. Black attaches underneath with black 1. This is the wrong order. White hanes at 2. When black finally plays at 3, white makes life with 4 and 6.Fens a (? | [ Coo T 1 rp { Example 11- White to play. How can he save the white stones in the corner? : 4 + + _| Example 12- Black to play. How can he save his stones in the corner? “hapter One_- Connecting at the Edge of the Board ___ 17° T Diagram 11a- Correct Answer. White plays at 1 before attaching underneath at 3. The sequence is excellent. Black fails to block. Diagram 11b- Variation. If black connects at 2, white seals off with 3. After 7, black loses the capturing race. Diagram 12a- Correct Answer. The jump to black 1 is correct. If white plays a wedge move at 2, black ataris at 3 and connects with 5. 18 Diagram 12b- Failure to connect. The descent to black 1 is crude. White jumps to 2 and blocks with 4. Black cannot connect because of a shortage of liberties.__Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board + + + TJ Example 13- Black to play. How can he rescue the surrounded black group? EEE: Example 14- Black to play. How can he rescue the three black stones on the upper edge? 19__Art of Connecting Stones ___ w Diagram 13a- Correct Answer. Black ataris at 1 before extending to 3. Since the two white eyes are fake, white fails to connect after white 4 and black 5. Ore COe 6 Diagram 13b- A double ko. a The jump to Black | is quite crude. White leaps to 2 and connects at 4. After 13, a double ko is formed. Black fails to connect. a a fede Diagram 14a- Correct Answer. The hane at black | is vital for the connection. Diagram 14c- Not tricked. White plays the mysterious play of white 2. Black is not tricked and plays 3. White has no choice but to let black connect. 20 Diagram 14b- White Fails If white blocks at 2, black thrusts to 3 and cuts at 5. OQ +@ Tt Diagram 14d- Failure to connect. The other hane for black | fails. White descends to 2. After white 6, black is captured instead.__________Chapter One _~. Comnecting:at the Edge of the Board _____ if “Example 15- Black to play." How can he connect his groups? wvArt of Connecting Stones S| Diagram 15a- Correct Answer. The block of black | is important. There are various responses for white. rot Diagram 15b- Black connects by hane. If white butts up at 2, Black can play a hane at 3. 5 Diagram 15c- Thrust and cut. If white descends to 2, black thrusts to 3 and cuts at 5. The white stones are captured. 4 | Diagram 15e- Failure to connect. The thrust to black 1 is useless. White blocks with 2. After white A, black is cut off and captured. 22 Diagram 15d- A squeeze play. If white plays the diagonal move at 2, black ataris at 3 and connects.Chapter 2 ‘ing at the 1 { Ra Example 16- White to play. How can white connect his groups? 23_Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 16a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is the vital point. There are various responses for black. zs tHe o Diagram 16c- Black is still captured. If black descends, White thrusts to 3 before cutting at 5. The black group on the side is still captured, as the black group above cannot live 24 Hoek 7 Hot o2] : of Sieg: HES z 2 2 Diagram 16b- White sneaks by. If black butts against white with 2, white sneaks through with 3. YH Diagram 16d- Failure to connect. If instead white thrusts to 1, then black can block at 2. After the diagonal move at 4, the white group on the side is dead.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board e t ¢; OF t torre Example 17- White to play. How can white rescue the four white stones? ie Example 18- Black to play. How can he connect his groups? 25Art of Connecting Stones Ore Diagram 17a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is again the vital point. When black jumps to 2, the second hane at 3 is calm and collected. From this point, black will fail to capture the four white stones on the side. Either white will connect or a seki will result. Diagram 17b- A double cut. A white jump to 1 looks like a good move, but it is not. Black attaches at 2 and plays a clamp at 4. After black 12, white cannot connect. 26Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board aed Diagram 18a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at black | is quite conservative. White is forced to allow black to connect. ¢ 2 Diagram 18b- Black jumps and connects. If white reduces black’s liberties with 2, black can jump lightly to 3 and connect. 27_...Art of Connecting Stones ___ Diagram 18c- White is captured. If white hanes at 2, and then plays a hanging connection at 4, black cuts at 5. White ends up being killed in the capturing race. HEH te Diagram 18d- White still fails. If white connects at 4, the extension to black 5 is excellent. If white tries to block at 6, black cuts at 7 and captures the white stones. 28 Diagram 18e- Black is captured. The hane at black | is crude. White thrusts to 2 and connects at 4. The four black stones will be captured.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Lo te e Example 19- Black to play. How can he save the five stones in the lower left? Example 20- White to play. How can white rescue his stones in the lower right? 29Lod Lo! ° Diagram 19a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at black 1 is the correct move to connect from underneath. Ke e Diagram 19b- Black connects. If white hanes at 2, black attaches from underneath at 3, and connects at 5. Diagram 19c- Black connects. White extends to 2. Black 3 also extends. After 9, black connects. 30Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Diagram 19d- Black is cut off and captured. The jump to black 1 is an overplay. White attaches at 2. After 6, black is captured. Diagram 19e- Black is still annihilated. The jump to black 1 is also not good. From the jump to white 2 through the cut at 10, black ends up being annihilated. 31Diagram 20a- Correct Answer. The turning move at white 1 is exquisite despite the bad shape. If black hanes at 2 to block, white ataris at 3. After forming an eye with 5, white squeezes with the atari at 7, and connects with sente. Black 2 in the diagram is better than playing 2 at 6, allowing white to connect. If black plays 6 at 7, then white plays 6, and black dies. + - + @- ry Diagram 20b- Failure to connect. The diagonal move at 1 seems okay, but it is not. Black hanes at 2 to reduce white’s liberties. White fails to connect. Black could also have played a descent to 2 instead. 32Example 21- Black to play. How can he connect his groups? HE Reset Example 22- Black to play. How can he link up his two stones on the lower side? 33TSB ee! 9 Diagram 21a- Correct Answer. The knight’s move to black 1 is crucial. White cannot cut. Diagram 21b- Failure to connect. Playing an atari at black 1 allows white to hane at 2 and thrust to 4. After black blocks with 5, white will either get the corner or a ko. White has many ways to exploit this position. eT eey Diagram 22a- Correct Answer. The knight’s move to black 1 is essential for linking up the corner and the side. When white ataris at 2, black connects at 3. After white reinforces at 4, black connects from underneath with 5. 34 Diagram 22b- Failure to connect. If black hanes at 1, white ataris at 2, followed by the atari at 4 and the thrust to 6. The black groups are cut apart.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board _ O eects Example 23- White to play. How can he connect his groups? Peg ee A | Example 24- Black to play. How can he link up his groups? 35eo, ' Diagram 23a- Correct Answer. White cuts with 1 and jumps to 3 lightly. Black dares not block forcefully. White connects. ToL Hote sasnes ¢ 1 Diagram 23c- Failure to connect. If white starts with the knight’s move, black jumps to 2. After that, black is going to get either a or b. The white groups are separated. Diagram 23b- A ko fight. If white hanes at 1, black also hanes at 2. After 8, white is forced to form a ko. Here, this is a failure for white. ole SoBe td 1 T Diagram 24a- Correct Answer. The knight’s move at black 1 is vital. White blocks at 2 followed by black’s extension. Black clamps at 5 and connects. 36 T Diagram 24b- Failure to connect. When white draws back to 4, black must not cut at 5, or white plays the turning move at 6 and separates black.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board | | t o are $6 | Example 25- Black to play. How can he save his two stones? “ee { + Example 26- Black to play. How can he link up his groups? 37ees age Diagram 25a- Correct Answer. Black plays the two-step hane of 1 and 3. When white cuts at 4, black 5 forms a ko. Black will now either connect or gain through a ko threat. 7 Diagram 26a- Correct Answer. Attaching underneath at black 1 and the hane at 3 are crucial moves. When white plays the atari at 4, black 5 forms a ko. Black plays the ko to connect. 38 OR OL eet “Ei fSecte Diagram 25b- Black _ fails completely Black’s hane at 1 and connection at 3 are terrible moves. When white connects at 4, black is dead. Diagram 26b- Failure to connect. If black cuts at 3, white simply ataris at 4 and captures a stone. The black groups are separated.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Oeld ee Example 27- White to play. How can he link up his groups? ere Example 28- Black to play. How can he save the two stones on the lower edge? 39re +e Diagram 27a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 and 3, and the connection of 5 are finesse (tesuji) moves in connecting from undemeath. Black has to give in. Diagram 27b- A ko. The thrust to white 3 is a slack move. When black cuts and ataris at 4, white can only form a ko with 5. eu LO lole 2 Diagram 28a- Correct Answer. The attachment of black 1 underneath is a common measure. Black is determined to rescue the two stones. it Diagram 28c- Failure to connect. Black plays the other atari with 5. However, the choice is wrong. White connects with 6 and black has wasted all his efforts. 2 40 e Diagram 28b- The ko. If white hanes at 2, black cuts at 3. After 7, black forms a connecting shape. Although it is a ko, it is very profitable for black if he wins. White has no choice but to fight the ko.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Sagi I se suveeeeenes! Example 29- White to play. How should white respond to the hane of the marked black stone, and link up his stones?Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 29a- "Correct Answer. The thrust to white | is the key. When black ataris at 2, white counter-ataris at 3. White cuts at 5 and connects his groups by sacrificing two stones. Diagram 29b- Same result. If black blocks at 2, white cuts at 3 before he draws back to 5. This way, white still connects and the end result is the same as the previous diagram. sISsgit te Diagram) 29e- | White stil connects If black ataris and hanes at 2, white connects and counter- ataris. This way, white still connects. ee Diagram 29e- White is still cut apart If white draws back, black simply connects at 2, and cuts white apart. 42 Diagram 29d- White is cut apart If white 1 cuts, black ataris at 2 before connecting at 4. The white groups have been cut apart.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board 7 Example 30- White to play. How can he save the three surrounded stones? Example 31- Black to play. How can he rescue his four stones?__Art of Connecting Stones_ Diagram 30a- Correct Answer. The atari at white 1 does the trick. White then leisurely descends to 3. When black blocks at 4, white cuts at 5 and connects, Diagram 30b- Failure to connect. Immediately descending to white 1 is too hasty. Black hanes at 2 before thrusting at 4 and connecting at 6. The white stones end up being captured. Le! Diagram 31a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black 1 is the key. When white connects at 2, black also connects at 3, rescuing the four stones. 44 Diagram 31b- Variation. If white ataris at 2, black also ataris at 3. Black then either connects or captures without any problem.LC + * + 1 + + + cc ore Example 32- White to play. How can he rescue his four stones? e. Qa Example 33- White to play. How can he save his stones in the corner? 45Art of Connecting Stones __ BOOTH Diagram 32a- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 is crucial. Black is forced to capture with 2, allowing white to connect at 3. rot) 96:2609 Diagram 32b- Variation. If black plays the wedge at 2, white ataris at 3. Black is forced to capture with 4. White then connects with the hane at 5. KOTOR $ T Diagram 33a- Correct Answer. White 1 is the key here. tT Diagram 33b- White connects underneath. If black draws back to 2, white extends to 3. After 7, white is successful in connecting. $ ¢) LOLOo- } Diagram 33c-White still connects. If black descends to 2 trying to form a ko, white still manages to connect after the atari at 3, and the hane at 5. 46 T Diagram 33d- Failure to connect. If white starts with a tum to 1, black simply connects at 2 and prevents white from connecting.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board {I t t co Example 34- Black to play. How can he save his group on the right? 47Art of Connecting Stone: WT T Diagram 34a- Correct Answer. Black 1 is the vital point. White is forced to atari at 2. When black hanes at 3, white’s best resistance is 4, but black safely connects with 5. I I T T Diagram 34c- White fails. If white extends to 2, black draws back to 3. With white 4 and black 5, both play a hane. The entire white group on the upper right is captured. Diagram 34b- Variation. If white blocks at 4, black extends to 5 and winds up capturing 2 stones. 48 Diagram 34d- Failure to connect If black plays a clamp, white 2 connects and prevent black from linking.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge | ofthe Board SI KS - —* ‘e e YY Example 35- Black to play. How can he save the two stones on the left? O- Example 36- White to play. How can he link up his four stones on the left? 49oH ry Diagram 35a- Correct Answer. Black thrusts and cuts with 1 and 3, creating the exquisite move of 5. After 7, black connects from underneath. If white 6 is played at a, black cuts at b. White ends up being captured. 1e C 2 Diagram 36a- Correct Answer. The hit of white 1 is the key. When black draws back to 2, white hits again at 3, not giving black a chance to relax. Black has no choice but to capture the white stones in the center with 4 and 6, allowing white to connect easily. 50 6 Diagram 35b- Failure to connect. If black blocks at 5, white descends to 6. Black fails to connect from undemeath. o Diagram 36b- An overplay for black. When white hits at 3, the descent to black 4 is an overplay. After white 7, black ends up being captured.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge ofthe Board - + * ‘ “elle } atte Example 37- Black to play. How can he link up his group in the corner? PAS it + Example 38- White to play. Are the four white stones on the left alive? 31._firt.of Connecting Stones Diagram 37a- Correct Answer. The block at black 1 and the descent to 3 are excellent moves that can easily be overlooked. The diagonal move at white 4 is a good move, but when black leasurely ataris at 9, white is not able to connect. Diagram 38a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white 1 is exquisite. When black attaches at 2, white ataris at 3. Black dares not connect. If he did, white would cut and capture at a. 52 Diagram 37b- Failure to connect. If black connects at 3, white ataris at 4 and throws in at 6 killing the corner. Diagram 38b- Variation. Tf black connects at 2, white cuts with an atari at 3 before extending to 5. The four black stones on the left are captured.5] Example 39- White to play. How can he save his two stones? 28, ? LH Example 40- Black to play. How can he link up his four stones on the left? 53+ +@ Diagram 39a- Correct Answer. The cut at white 1 is the key. Black is forced to atari at 2. The hane at 3 is brilliant. After black 4 captures, white connects undemeath with 5. Art of Connecting Stones au +@ Diagram 39b- Failure to connect. If white hanes on the other side, he fails. Black descends to 4 and blocks at 6. The white group is captured. ET HC LH Diagram 40a- Correct Answer. The cut at black 1 is the key. When white thrusts to 2, black blocks at 3 and connects with the hane at 5. 54 Diagram 40b- Failure to connect. Black jumps to 1. It looks like a good move, but it is not. White jumps to 2. After 6, the black stones in the corner are captured.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board * + © Example 41- Black to play. Linking up his groups will force white to reinforce in the comer. sy Example 42- White to play. How can he save his stones on the side? 55________Art of Connecting Stones oe Diagram 41a- Correct Answer. Black plays a wedge move at | and then a hane at 3. Both of these moves are crucial. White is forced to capture at 4, so black connects underneath with 5. Z age 7 +e Diagram 41b- Failure to connect. Black makes a mistake by playing the hane on the other side. White descends to 4 before extending to 6. The black corner is dead. DOO is ; é Diagram 42a- Correct Answer. White cuts at | and then hanes at 3. This is the correct order. If black blocks at 4, white can atari at 5 and hane at 7 to connect. 56 T mI Diagram 42b- White fails. White must not hane at | before cutting at 3 - this allows black the exquisite move of 4. If white plays 7 at 8, black will capture at 7 and live._Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board dy C Tad Example 43- Black to play. How can he link up his groups? eo l ¢ -@ ++ 7 Example 44- Black to play. How can he rescue his stones on the side? 57Art of Connecting Stones 6 Diagram 43a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black 1 is important. If white captures at 2, black pushes to 3. White cannot cut black off with 4. Diagram 43b- Failure to connect. Black pushes first before playing an atari at 3. White manages to cut at 4. Diagram 44a- Correct Answer. Black attaches underneath. The drawback to 3 increasing liberties is the key. Diagram 44b- Connection by wrapping technique. If white connects at 4, black plays 5. If white refuses to give in, after 16, black connects with a wrapping technique. OLoceg oto eo? I Diagram 44c- Connect by capturing. If white hanes at 2 in reply to the attachment at black 1, black cuts at 3. After 9, black captures a white stone and links up his group. 58 T Diagram 44d- Black fails. The strapping move at black | is too reckless. White attaches stubbornly at 2. A capturing race results, which black loses.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board ete O0CO 16+ Example 45- White to play. How can he link up his four stones? 59Diagram 45a- Correct Answer. White plays a wedge move at 1 before cutting at 3 reducing black’s liberties. This is vital. White then clamps with 5 and hanes at 7, before connecting safely at 9. Diagram 45b- An opportunity for white. If black hanes at 6 in response to the clamp at 5, white first sacrifices two stones with 9 before throwing in 11 at 9. Black fails to connect. If black plays 12 at 5, white traps the black stones and connects Diagram 45c- White’s play is improper. White gets an inferior result if 5 is played as the hane. If black hanes at 6 in reply, a ko results. 60Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board ©] ert Example 46- White to play. How does he save the three stones?T T T Diagram 46a- Correct Answer. The attachment at white 1 underneath is the key. Black 2 is the strongest move here. After the thrust to white 3 and the atari at 5, black takes the opportunity to initiate a ko. This is the best resistance for black. Diagram 46b- A double ko. If black plays a hane at 2, white cuts at 3 and thrusts to 5. After white 11, a double ko is formed. The black group on the top is captured. (Black 10 at 2.) Ser @ r 5 ye Lo Diagram 46c- White connects. If black captures with 4, white 5 also captures, creating the cutting points at a and b. White will manage to connect underneath. 62 Diagram 46d- White still connects. If black plays a hane on the other side, white thrusts and cuts with 3 and 5, before drawing back and connecting with 7.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board LS Example 47- White to play. How can he save his four stones? 63_____Art of Connecting Stones 5316 Diagram 47a- Correct Answer. There are many continuations for black after playing the hane at 1. If black connects at 2, white clamps at 3 and connects. Diagram 47b- Black is separated and captured. If black connects at the top with 2, white thrusts to 3 and 5 to separate black, before capturing the stones on the top. Diagram 47c- Still connects. If black connects at 2, white hanes at 3, cuts with 5, sacrifices 7 before throwing in with 9. After 11, black cannot stop white from connecting due to the potential cut at a. (White 9 at 7 and black 10 at 1.) 64 Diagram 47d- White loses a little. If white first plays a wedge move at 1, white still manages to connect through 7. However, white loses a stone.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board + + + * + + + * Example 48- Black to play. How can black link up his group in the corner? 65Diagram 48a- Correct Answer. The hane at black 1 is the vital play here. White has many responses. ics Diagram 48c- Black lives. If white hanes at 2, black 3 thrusts. After 7, black makes life in the corner. 66 Art of Connecting Stones I } T Diagram 48b- Connect by squeezing. White 2 turns. Black 3 threatens a squeeze, and so connects. 5 Diagram 48d- Cannot link up. If black simply thrusts to 1, white draws back to 2 before descending to 4. Black fails to connect, and is dead.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Example 49- Black to play. How can he connect his group in the corner? 67Diagram 49a- Correct Answer. The hane at black | is the key. If white tums to 2, black thrusts to 3 and pushes at 5 to connect. Diagram 49c- Black is captured. If black ataris at 3, white captures with 4. After 10, white connects by capturing either black 9 or 3 and 5. (Black 7 at 1, and white 8 at the marked stone.) Art of Connecting Stones__ Diagram 49b- White is slightly worse. White hanes at 2, allowing black the important wedge move at 3. After 7, white not only fails to cut off black, but also loses two stones and is slightly worse. connect. Black’s diagonal move at 1 looks like a good move at first glance, but is terrible. White turns to 2, and black fails to link up through Diagram 49e- Black still fails to connect. Black thrusts with the crude move of 1. After 6, white cuts off black easily. 68Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Example 50- White to play. How can he link up his corner with the side? 4 BE Hite Example 51- White to play. How can he link up his four stones? 69____Art of Connecting Stones 6 oe ot Ss Hs Diagram 50a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is vital. When black plays 2, white plays the hane at 3. Black can only allow white to link up, as the next diagram shows. DEXe Diagram 50b- White captures black to connect. If black blocks stubbornly at 4, white ataris at 5 and captures black instead. ot? OG Diagram 50c- The hane fails. The hane at white 1 is not appropriate here. Black plays a hane at 2 and draws back to 4, separating the white groups. ott Diagram 51a- Correct Answer. White 1 pushes, followed by the jump to 3 is the correct sequence. z ores o Ba f Diagram 51b- Continuation. If black blocks stubbornly with 4, white hanes at 5, reinforces at 7, and connects at 9. Black ends up losing two stones. 70 @ Diagram 51c- White fails. If white reverses the sequence and jumps to 1 first, before pushing to 3, he fails. After black 16, white is captured by black.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board ‘o 4 + HC Oe; 4 + 4 t ae t Example 52- Black to play. How can he rescuc his stones in the corner? 7__Art of Connecting Stones >+ } Diagram 52a- Correct Answer. Black throws in at 1, reducing white’s liberties, before jumping to 3. These are good appropriate moves. White has quite a few ways to respond. Diagram 52b- Ko. The turning move at white 4 is good also. Black thrusts to 5 and ataris at 7, forming a ko. Ot + Diagram 52c- Black links up. If white 4 descends instead, black can continuously thrust from 5 through 9. Besides connecting his groups, black captures three white stones. 72 Diagram 52d- White fails to connect. If white connects at 4, black hanes at 5. White blocks at 6. After the thrust to 7 and the atari at 9, white fails to connect. White 8 at a, manages to make life for the group, but black connects his groups with sente.Chapter One - Connecting at the Edge of the Board Diagram 52e- Not good for white. Black throws in at 1. If white connects at 2, black also connects. After 9, white is captured. XE >+ } Diagram 52g- Black is captured. Playing the hane at 3 first before throwing in at 5 is not the correct order for black. White connects calmly at 6 before capturing a stone with 8. White makes life for his group, while killing the black stones in the corner. Diagram 52f- Okay for black. Jumping to 1 first is okay for black. Black can afford to throw in at 3 after white connects at 2. After black 11, a ko is formed. However, being the first one to take the ko stone, the ko favors black. 73Chay Linkin, turin; Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones If linking your stones up is satisfying, linking up by capturing your opponent's stones is positively exciting. These techniques are often used in capturing races. It is difficult to introduce all of the techniques used, but in this chapter, we summarize some of the simple techniques for linking up that involve the capture of stones. oO 1 e+ + re + + + Example 1- Black to play. How can he link up his three stones in the corner? Example 2- Black to play. How can he link up his stones with so many cutting points? 75Art of Connecting Stones ce Diagram la- Correct Answer. The clamping move is the key. Then... hat Diagram Ic- Failure to connect. The connection of black | is an uninspired move. White plays 2 and cuts off black. LO Diagram 1b- Black links up. If white thrusts to 2 and 4, black connects at 3 and 5, linking up his groups. s HC LC T Diagram 2a- Correct Answer. The wedge of black | is the vital move. When white ataris at 2 and captures at 4, black pushes to 5 and connects. 716 Diagram 2b- Failure to connect. The connection of black | is crude. White 2 captures the single black stone on the left.Chapter Two _- Linking Up by Capturing Stones Example 3- Black to play. How can he link up his three stones on the lower right? reoto} oH [4 t t Example 4- White to play. How can he rescue his three stones that are surrounded by black? 77Diagram 3a- Correct Answer. The wedge of black 1 is brilliant. White thrusts to 2, but black cuts at 3 and draws back to 5, connecting his stones. Diagram 3b- Failure to connect. Black’s block at | fails. White 2 creates two cutting points at a and b. It is impossible for black to reinforce both cuts. 6015 : + te Diagram 4a- Correct Answer. The cut at white 1 is absolutely necessary. However, one can also thrust to a first. oO $98.61 T Diagram 4c- Failure to connect. In reply to black 2, the turning move of white 3 is crude. When black connects at 4, the four white stones are captured. 78 Diagram 4b- White connects. Black connects at 2. White thrusts to 3 and jump to 5. After 7, black captures two stones and links up his groups. Black still needs to reinforce at a. By playing black 4 at a, black obtains sente, but white still connects.Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones ___ Example 5- Black to play. How can he rescue his surrounded stones? Loe eo”! | Example 6- White to play. How can he reinforce the cutting point and connect his groups? 79Diagram Sa- Correct Answer. Black ataris at 1 before extending to 3. These two moves are crucial. When white blocks at 4, black extends to 5 and connects. White lives with 6 He} vent Diagram 6a- Correct Answer. White 1 is a good move that takes care of the situation. Black cannot cut at a nor hane at b. 80 Diagram Sb- Failure to connect. Extending first to 3 before 5 is the wrong order. White cuts and eliminates black’s liberties with 6. Black is captured. -e ott Sort Diagram 6b- White fails to address both issues. The hit at white 1 will not do the job. Connecting at black 2 creates the cut at a and the hane at b. White cannot defend both. Diagram 6c- Cut apart. If white draws back to 1, black cuts at 2, When white ataris at 3, black extends to 4. The connection of black 6 cuts off the white stones in the middle, connecting all the black stones.Chapter Two _- Linking Up by Capturing Stones Example 7- White to play. How can white capture the marked black stone? oO % ft t } 1 Example 8- Black to play. How can black capture the important marked white stone and connect his groups?Art of Connecting Stones ¢ 4X2 Diagram 7a- Correct Answer. The fencing in move of white | is excellent. Black cannot save his stone. Diagram 7b- Cannot connect. If white recklessly ataris at white 1, black extends to 2 and then to 4. The white stones on the upper edge are captured. e + + Diagram 8a- Correct Answer. Black ataris at 1. This is the correct move. White extends to 2. Black then fences white in with the knight’s move at 3, trapping white. 82 * + Diagram 8b- Black fails. Black tries to fence in white with 1. This looks like a good move, but it is wrong. White thrusts at 2 and 4, before cutting with an atari at 6. The white stones escape separating black.Chapter Two_- Linking Up by Capturing Stones. 1 O02 K Example 9- White to play. How can he capture the three vital black stones in the middle and connect all his groups? React +e Example 10- White to play. Only by capturing the two marked black stones can he save his three white stones on the left and connect his groups. 83ek @ re sapeec ai Diagram 9a- Correct Answer. The knight’s jump to 1 is the move. Then... [eg + Diagram 9c-Wrapping technique. If black hanes at 2, white ataris at 3 before playing the atari at 5. Black is captured by the wrapping technique. Diagram 10a- Correct Answer. The wedge at white 1 is crucial. Black is forced to play atari from underneath at 2. White extends to 3, preventing black from connecting. 84 + Diagram 9b- Black is fenced in. If black ataris at 2, white connects at 3. White 1 was the vital point for fencing black in. The black stones are dead. Diagram 10b- Cannot be captured. The atari at white | is uninspired. Black connects at 2 before reinforcing at 4. White cannot succeed.Chapter Two_- Linking Up by Capturing Stones Example 11- Black to play. How can he capture the two marked white stones and connect his outside group with the inside? mt Tt Example 12- White to play. How can he rescue his group in the corner? 85ecting Stones AX Diagram ]1a- Correct Answer. Black attaches with 1 and cuts at 3. There is no way white can rescue his stones. Diagram 11b- Cannot connect. Black should not play the crude moves of the atari at 1 before the hane at 3. The three inside black stones are now captured. t TT Diagram 12a- Correct Answer. The attachment at | is important. If black hits with 2, white withdraws at 3 lightly and flexibly. Black fails to prevent white from capturing the three black stones. 86 T T Diagram 12b- White falls short. If white thrusts to 1, black blocks at 2. When white cuts at 3, black ataris at 4. White fails badly.Chapter Two _- Linking Up by Capturing Stones + + TI T + * * + * * Example 13- Black to play. How can he connect his groups? + + @ ++ + + + + + Example 14- White to play. How can he capture the four black stones on the upper edge and connect his groups? 87TL Art of Connecting Stones T T Diagram 13a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black 1 is the key move. Then... TTrt Diagram 13c- Variation. If white ataris at 2 instead, black extends to 3. After 7, black can capture white by throwing-in. SKE os T Diagram 14a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is the urgent response. Black can atari at 2 followed by the capture at 4, but after white 5, black is short of liberties and is dead. 88 Diagram 13b- "A struggle for white. If white reinforces at 2, black cuts with 3. When white ataris at 4, black counters with the atari at 5. The key white stones in the middle are captured. TT Diagram 13d- Failure to connect. Black plays crudely by thrusting to 1. White simply blocks at 2 and black fails. T Diagram 14b- Variation. If black hanes at 2 instead, white cuts at 3. Black plays 8 at white 1. After 13, black is still captured.Chapter Two_- Linkin; tur e T Diagram 14c- White cannot play this way. If white hanes at 1, black can descend to 2. After the atari at 4, black now beats white in the capturing race. Example 15- Black to play. How can he capture some white stones and link up his groups? 89——___________Arof Connecting Ston See ae LT PTT TT Diagram 15a- Correct Answer. Black 1 is the crucial move. If white attaches with a hane at 2, black ataris at 3. White cannot connect. Diagram 15b- White’s group is captured. If white reinforces at 2 instead, black descends to 3. The entire white group is captured. rT Diagram 15c- Black fails. In response to the atari of black 1, white connects at 2 before the hane at 4. White escapes, so black fails to link up his groups. 90Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones * + + | OTT Example 16- Black to play. How can he link up his groups by capturing? 91Art of Connecting Stones o.) Diagram 16a- Correct Answer. Black 1 may seem to be too far away, but it is ruthlessly efficient. Diagram 16b- White is surrounded. If white connects at 2, the knight’s move to 3 is another excellent move. When white thrusts to 4, black calmly draws back to 5. White fails to escape. Diagram 16c- White is still captured, If white plays a_ hanging connection at 2, black ataris at 3 followed by the hane at 5. After 9, white still fails to escape. bse Diagram 16e- Black fails. The hane at black 1 lacks proper consideration. White extends to 2 before turing to 4, and escapes easily. 92 White’s fate Diagram 16d- remains the same. If white hanes on the other side with 2, black also plays a hane at 3 before the atari at 5. After the head-on hit at 7, the white group is still captured.hapter Two_- Linkin; +~ OS rT Example 17- Black to play. How can he link up his groups by capturing? 93ee At of Connecting Stones SIS Diagram 17a- Correct Answer. The atari of black 1 is an exquisite move that is easily overlooked. Then... BOOLOL Diagram 17b- White is fenced in. When white reinforces at 2, the clamp at black 3 is another important move. Black 7 is calm and collected. With the sequence through 15, black fences in and captures white, linking up his groups. (Black 11 at the marked triangle stone; White 12 at the marked square stone; White 14 at the marked triangle stone.) $ Oot tT Diagram 17c- Black fails to connect. If black ataris at 7, white plays a counter atari at 8, preventing black from linking up his groups. 94Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones LSI Example 18- White to play. How can he rescue his surrounded group? Example 19- White to play. How can he link up the side with the corner? 95* le T Diagram 18a- Correct Answer. The wedge at white 1 is urgent. The extension to white 3 is marvelous. When black blocks at 4, white answers with atari at 5 and connects his groups by capturing the three black stones. T Diagram 18b- It is even worse for black. If black captures a white stone with 4, white extends again to 5. Black ends up feeding white more stones. La tpt® T T Diagram 18c- Black is still captured. If black ataris from the other side, the extension to white 3 is brilliant. When black descends to 4, white turns to 5. After 9, black still winds up being captured. Cy Diagram 19a- Correct Answer. White throws in with 1 and attaches at 3. The order is crucial. Since black has a lot of cutting points, he cannot prevent white from capturing his stones and so connecting. 96 Diagram 18d- Black is totally annihilated. If black reinforces at 4, white extends to 5. The entire black side is annihilated. Diagram 19b- White fails. White 1 attaches without throwing in first. This is a mistake. Black reinforces at 2 and prevents white from saving his group on the side.Chapter Two_- Linking Up by Capturing Stones ert - o Example 20- White to play. How can he link up his groups? ry Cl im HE HHH Poort i Example 21- White to play. How can he capture black’s middle group and so link up all his forces? 97_.Art of Connecting Stones. trite Diagram 20a- Correct Answer. Diagram 20b- White fails The descent to white 1 is calm The thrust to white 3 is not and collected. When black tries appropriate. Black connects at 4. to connect underneath, white White can at most thrust again to leisurely pushes to 3. After the 5, but still fails. connection of black 4, white throws in at 5 and captures black. Diagram 21a- Correct Answer. Diagram 21b- Black is captured The cut at white 1 is the key by a wedge move. move here. Then... If black ataris at 2, white answers with a wedge move and captures black. St Diagram 21c- Black is still captured. If black turns to 2, white blocks at 3. After the fencing-in move of 7, black cannot escape the fate of being captured. 98Chapter Two - Linking Up by Capturing Stones + + + it Example 22- White to play. How can he link up his groups on the upper edge? | | e+ + oe” Example 23- White to play. How can he capture the marked black stone and link up his groups? 99rors Diagram 22a- Correct Answer. White throws in at 1 before the atari at 3 and then the hane at 5. This is a tremendous wrapping technique that captures black and connects white’s groups. (Black 4 at white 1.) + Diagram 23a- Correct Answer. The atari of white I is vital. Then... e + + Diagram 23b- Black is captured by a wrapping technique. If black tries to avoid being captured and extends to 2 instead, white uses the wrapping technique and captures black in a ladder. (Black plays 10 at 1.) 100 T Diagram 22b- Black gets some profit. The hit at White 1 is not quite appropriate. Black hanes at 2. After 6, a ponnuki is formed. Although white manages to connect, black gets some profit out of this. If black 2 is played at 3 to reinforce, black could capture the white group on the upper part. However, white extends to 2 and gets the outward influence. It is not as good for black as Diagram 22b. } . + Diagram 23c- An inappropriate white move. If white ataris on the other side, black connects. If white extends again, black escapes by pushing through to 4.Chapter Two _- Linking Up by Capturing Stones OK ECE t Example 24- White to play. How can he capture the three marked stones and link up his groups? | LHe, Ht t Example 25- White to play. How can he capture the two marked stones and link up his groups? J 101ee ‘4 Diagram 24a- Correct Answer. The attachment at 1 is the vital move. Then... +++ Diagram 24b- Black is captured. When black extends to 2, white must turn to 3. After white 11, black is captured with the wrapping technique. bh ¢| aXs) + Diagram 24c- A crude move. The turning move of white 1 is crude. Black extends to 2, 4, and 6 and wins the capturing race, capturing the three white stones on the upper edge. | 4 2 1 @1 Gee e es Diagram 25b- Black is captured. If black extends to 2, white responds with the atari of 3 and the fencing in move of 5. After 11, black has just increased his loss. (Black 10 at the captured white stone.) 102 Diagram 25a- Correct Answer. White applies the wrapping technique by the atari of white 1. Then... + + Diagram 25c- Cannot capture If white plays the fencing in move directly, black extends to 2 before turning to 4. Two white stones are captured, and white fails.Chapter Two_- Linking Up by Capturing Stones Example 26- Black to play. How can he capture the marked white stone and link up the two groups on either side? Seer Example 27- Black to play. How can he capture the four white stones in the middle and link up his inside and outside groups? 103© F Diagram 26a- Correct Answer. The atari at black 1 is the key here. Then... =O0 : OF T T Diagram 26c- Useless moves. The consecutive pushes of black 1, 3 and 5 are known as ‘helicopter’ moves, and are useless. When white extends to 6, black is in trouble. + + 0: Hos Diagram 27a- Correct Answer. The hane of black 1 is important. White cannot escape. 104 TT Diagram 26b- White is captured by wrapping. When white extends to 2, the fencing-in move of black 3 is brilliant. After black 15, white is captured by black’s wrapping technique. (White 14 at black 5.) 4 I Diagram 27b- White is trapped with a ladder. If white tries to escape by playing atari at 2 and then the hane at 4, black throws in at 5 and traps white in a ladder. White fails.Chapter Two _- Linking Up by Capturing Stones SEH: cE H HEE Example 28- Black to play. How can he capture the two marked stones and link up his groups? Het Example 29- Black to play. How can he capture the three white stones on the upper edge? 105Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 28a- Correct Answer. The atari of black | is correct. Then... one Diagram 28c- White eaebedl When white extends to 2, black must not make a hane at 3. This does not prevent white from throwing in. White turns to 4 and escapes. Diagram 28b- White is captured with a wrapping technique and ladder. If white extends to 2, black plays the exquisite fencing-in move at 3, After black 15, the white stones are ‘fish in the net.” (White 10 at black 3.) OF @ Diagram 29a- Correct Answer. The hanging connection of black 1 is very important. Then... a z Of Diagram 29b- White is captured with a wrapping technique. If white ataris at 2, black sneaks by through the first line with 3 and 5. White 6 connects at the captured black stone. After 13, white is captured. 106 Diagram 29c- Black winds up being captured. The connection at black 1 is very weak. White clamps at 2 and connects underneath with 4, capturing black.Chapter Two_- Linking Up by Capturing Stones I @ @ + + + + + ' Example 30- Black to play. How can he capture the three white stones on the upper edge and rescue his group in the corner? (Sed Example 31- Black to play. How can he capture some white stones in the middle to link up his groups? 107: - Diagram 30a- Correct Answer. The hane at black 1 is the key. Diagram 30c- Black ends up being captured. When white captures with 4, playing atari at black 5 is crude. White clamps at 6 before connecting underneath with 8. Black ends up being captured. Diagram 31b- White is captured with a wrapping technique. If white extends to 2, black hanes at 3 and uses the wrapping technique to capture white. 108 | |_| Diagram 30b- Capture a few white stones. When white ataris at 2 and captures at 4, black calmly descends to 5. After black 9, black traps white in the cage. @+-@- re 1+ Diagram 31a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at black 1 is crucial. Then... cyt Le Diagram 31c- White still ends up being captured. If white reinforces at 2 instead, black cuts at 3 and slams the door at 5 capturing white.Chapter Two _- Linkin, i ni EEE Example 32- Black to play. How can he capture the middle white stones and link up his groups? 109Art of Connecting Stones _ 0 @ we KC Stor pa Le Diagram 32a- Correct Answer. The jump to black 1 works in many ways. Then... Diagram 32b- White is trapped by a ladder. If white attaches at 2, black hanes at 3 and ataris at 5. After black 9, white is trapped in a ladder. Ld Qe) 2 HC eO+ LC Diagram 32c- White is captured by a snap-back. If white extends to 2, black hanes at 3. When white cuts at 4, black hanes also. After 9, white is captured through snap-back. 110 Diagram 32d- White cannot reinforce both cuts. If white hanes at 2, black attaches at 3. After the atari of black 9, white cannot connect both cuts. Diagram 32e- White can push through. If black jumps out to 1, white turns to 2. Black tries to fence white in with 3, but white thrusts to 4 and cuts at 6. It is hopeless for black.Chi Two_- Linkin; Capturin; Example 33- White to play. How can he capture the black stones and link up his groups? 111i oft Diagram 33a- Correct Answer. The large-scale fencing in move of white | is urgent. Then... Tt Diagram 33c- Black still fails to connect. When white throws in at 7, black captures at 8. The atari at white 9 is crucial. After white 11, black still fails to connect. e1oHs 112 Diagram 33b- Black cannot defend both cuts. If black attaches at 2, white wedges at 3. If black hanes at 4, white plays tightly with a two- step hane at 5. After the atari of 13, black cannot defend both cuts. Helos aX axe Diagram 33d- Even worse for black. If black ataris from the other side with 6, white reinforces at 7. After white 11, the black group still winds up being _ killed. However, this end result is even worse for black. Diagram 33e- Black escapes. The fencing in move of white 1 shows insufficient _ reading. Black hanes at 2 before extending to 4 and escapes easily.Chapter Two_- Linki Capturi tity { t 4 t } Example 34- White to play. How can he capture the black stones in the middle to link up his groups? 113Diagram 34a- Correct Answer. The capping move at white 1 is very interesting. Then... + Diagram 34b- Black is captured by wrapping. If black 2 attaches, white wedges at 3. After white 11, black is captured by white’s wrapping technique. (Black 8 at white 3.) H++++ Diagram 34c- White is hopeless. White must not impulsively hane from the outside. Black extends to 4 and white’s position is hopeless. 114Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces If you can use friendly forces effectively, you can steer the game to your advantage. If you can also master the techniques for connecting underneath and linking by capturing, you will find yourself becoming tremendously more skillful. PK OK) Example 1- White to play. How can he rescue his surrounded group? Sort Prk Example 2- White to play. How can he escape with his four surrounded stones? 115Art of Connecting Stones Diagram la- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white 1 is the key. Black plays 2 to avoid the ko. Then, white jumps to 3 and connects with his friendly force. He $6 Diagram 2a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white 1 is vital. Black 2 prevents the ko. White 3 links up leisurely. 116 Diagram Ib- White fails. White jumps too far to 3. Black plays the diagonal move at 4. White 9 results in ko and white did not make the best out of the situation. Diagram 2b- An alternative. It is okay to throw in first. When black captures at 2, white plays atari at 3 before linking up at 5. It is not a good idea for black to initiate a ko fight by cutting at a.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces oO eo im Example 3- White to play. How can he get support from the outside and save the corer? tl ez Example 4- White to play. What measure can he do to get support from the outside? 117Art of Connecting Stones _ Diagram 3a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white | is important. Black extends to 2 to take away white’s eye space. The pressing move of white 3 is excellent. With the throw-in at 5, a ko is formed. x DG He Diagram 4a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white 1 is the key. The atari at black 2 is the safe and proper move. White descends to 3 and jumps to 5, capturing three stones while linking up his groups. 118 Diagram 3b- It is also a ko. Throwing in at 2 is another response. White makes a hanging connection at 3 and captures the ko stone at 5. This is also a ko, though white has an extra liberty. F Diagram 4b- Ko fight. If black stubbornly blocks at 2, white throws in at 3 initiating a ko fight. Generally speaking, this ko does not favor black.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Ox Sree Phd | Co t + CL 4 Example 5- White to play. How can he rescue his stones in the comer? eet Example 6- Black to play. How can he make use of the outside support to rescue his surrounded group? 119Art of Connecting Stones Diagram Sa- Correct Answer. The sequence of 1 through 7 gives white sente with the wrapping technique. White then extends to 9 and links up his corner group with the outside. 1 Diagram 5b- Failure to connect. The hane at white 1 is a bad move. Black jumps to 2 and white can do nothing. oe Diagram 6a- Correct Answer. The sacrifice of 1 makes the descents to 3 and then 5 both sente. Black then jumps to 7 and connects to the outside. 120 Diagram 6b- Black __ fails desperately. The extension to black 1 is not enough. White reinforces at 2 and blocks at 4, preventing black from linking up his groups.Chapter Three_- Utilizir brs Example 7- White to play. How can he rescue his surrounded group? LI Pelee Example 8- White to play. How can he make life for his surrounded group? 121___._..Art of Connecting Stones <7 Diagram 7a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is far sighted. Then... t 4 e sls Diagram 7c- White fails. The two-step hane of white 1 and 3 tries to connect by a ko fight. However, black plays the atari at 4. With the connection at 8, black avoids the ko and captures white. Diagram 8b- White fails. The attachment at white 3 is a lousy move. Black takes away white’s eye space and white fails. 122 Sry Diagram 7b- White captures the black corner. If black plays a counter-hane at 2, white extends to 3 and descends to 5, before linking up to his single stone in the corner. This kills the black comer. Diagram 8a- Correct Answer. The attachment at 1 underneath and the diagonal move at 3 create eye space for white. Black is forced to connect at 4. White plays the diagonal move at 5 and makes a second eye with 7. Utilizing the support from friendly forces, white makes life for his group with the correct order of moves.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Example 9- White to play. How can he make use of the outside support to make life for his surrounded group? seer Example 10- White to play. How can he get support from the outside and make life for his surrounded group? 123Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 9a- Correct Answer. Both the descent to 1 and the diagonal move at 3 are vital. If black reinforces at 4, white plays the hane at 5 before cutting at 7 and makes a ko for life. Diagram 9b- White _ lives independently. If black descends to 4 and blocks, white cuts at 5 and descends to 7, making life for his group. ee Diagram 10a- Correct Answer. Descending to white 1 is correct. Then... tenis Diagram 10c- White dies. White 1 is a crude move. Black connects at 2 and kills white. 124 Diagram 10b- White escapes. Black takes away white’s eye space with 2. The wedge at 3 is brilliant. Black’s best play is the atari at 4. White descends to 5 and escapes. Black 2 should have allowed white to make life inside.Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces * + + 1 + * + i @ * Example 11- Black to play. How can he make use of his outside support to make life in the corner? 125Diagram 1 la- Correct Answer. The descent to black 1 is the vital. White 2 blocks by connecting. Black 3 is another brilliant move which expands the eye space. After 11, a seki is formed. This is the best result for both sides. Hote Diagram 11b- Black also lives. If white thrusts to 4 and hanes at 6, black plays the good move of 7, making an eye. After 11, black is alive. eo +e- 6) 6 G0) Diagram 11c- Black is still alive. If white attaches at 4, black simply plays a hane at 5 and makes life for the group. OroHHHtH eee 126 Diagram 11d- Black is killed. Black 1 expands the eye space directly, but is a hasty move. White hanes at 2 before hitting at 4 and the hane at 6. After 10, the black corner is killed. Diagram |1e- Black is dead also. Tf black turns to 5, white extends to 6 before descending to 8, killing black.Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Example 12- White to play. How can he use his outside support to rescue his two corner stones? Logie Example 13- Black to play. How can he get support from the outside to rescue his corner stones? 127Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 12a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white 1 is correct. If black hanes at 2 and connects at 4, white hanes at 5 and cuts at 7, and gets a ko to link up. 2 5 @-; Diagram 12b- White lives. If black descends to 2 to prevent white from connecting, white plays the exquisite diagonal move at 3. If black hanes at 4, white cuts at 5 and makes life for his corner. Diagram 13a- Correct Answer. The descent to 1 is correct. White attaches at 2, preventing black’s hane at a. Black plays a hane at 3 and throws in at 5. After 7, black links up his corner stones through a ko fight. 128 i eo Diagram 13b- Black is dead. If black hanes first, white draws back to 2 and black has no follow- up measures. If black descends to 3, white reinforces at 4. Black is dead.Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces _ Example 14- Black to play. The two corner stones are in trouble. If black uses his outside support, he can make life in the corner. Coo Lo Example 15- Black to play. How can he make use of the outside support to rescue his comer group? 129Diagram 14a- Correct Answer. The thrust to black 1 is vital. White blocks at 2, and black blocks at 3. After 9, black lives in the corner. oie 2 S Diagram 15a- Correct Answer. The descent to black 1 is powerful! When white connects, the diagonal move at black 3 is marvelous. When white presses to 4, black hanes at 5 and jumps to 7. After the cut at 9, black has a ko to successfully link up his groups. @ eX Xe) 2 Diagram 15c- A seki. When black plays a clamp at 5, white descends to 6. Black descends also to 7 before connecting at 9 and forming a seki. 130 Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 1b. Variation. If white draws back to 2 instead, the diagonal move at black 3 becomes excellent. If white blocks stubbornly, after 11, white is the victim of the wrapping technique. Diagram 15b- A double ko. If white blocks at 4, black makes the important play at 5. After 11, a double ko is formed, and black lives. ee ®) Diagram 15d- Black is dead. The hane at black 3 is of the wrong, order. White descends to 4. Black plays a diagonal move at 5. After the diagonal move at 6 and the connection at 8, black is dead.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces + t t oe + ¢ Example 16- Black to play. How can he settle his stones in the corner? The white group is not alive yet! Example 17- White to play. How can he make use of the outside support to rescue his group? 131Diagram 16a- Correct Answer. The hanging connection at 1 is exquisite. When white plays the vital point at 2, the diagonal move at 3 is splendid. After 5, black uses a ko to link up his group. This ko is quite a burden on white. Diagram 16c- Black still fails. Black extends to 3. White thrusts to 4 and cuts at 6. Black’s corner stones are still captured. TT Diagram 17a- Correct Answer. The attachment at white 1 is the key. Black captures at 2. The throw-in with 3 at the marked stone is good. When black finally links up his groups with 4, white blocks at 5 and rescues his group. 132 ___Artof Connecting Stones __ er Diagram 16b- Black fails. The diagonal move at black 3 is in the wrong position. White cuts at 4 and plays atari at 6, capturing all the black stones in the comer. LC Diagram 17b- An uninspired white move. The capture at white 1 is uninspired. Black connects from underneath. White throws in at 3 and 5, intending to cut off black. However, black has enough liberties to spoil white’s plan._______ Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces __ gH Example 18- Black to play. How can black use his support on the right to rescue his large group? 133+ Diagram 18a- Correct Answer. The extension to | and the jump to 3 are exquisite. White captures at 4, Black throws in with 5 at the marked stone. White 6 is forced to make life. Then black links up safely with 7. Lit t Art of Connecting Stones _ + | Diagram 18b- Linking up with a ko. It is a different story if black plays a small knight’s jump. Black can only link up his groups with a ko. DOr Diagram 18c- Black fails. Starting with the large knight’s jump to black 1 is also bad. White blocks calmly and collectedly at 2. Although it is still possible to link up his groups, black has to win the ko fight. 134 Diagram 18d- A big ko. Black 1 attempts to kill the white corner. After white 6, it becomes a bent-four in the corner. However, since the black group is still not fully alive, white can still make life in the corner by a ko fight. If white wins, then black is dead. This ko definitely favors white as the burden is on black.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces ' : Example 19- Black to play. How can he make use of his support on the right to rescue the large black group? 135Art of Connecting Stones __ big aE Diagram 19a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black 1 is crucial. Then... 2X40) aXe rTTd a Diagram 19b- Black connects. If white connects at 2, black descends to 3, preventing white from throwing in. This is a cool- headed move. When white plays the atari at 4, black extends to 5. After 11, black safely connects. {4 4 3. ¢ @ Diagram 19c- Black lives. If white descends to 2 instead, black plays the wedge at 3 before connecting at 5. After 9, black has made two eyes and lives. 1 } ott 136 a,b a Diagram 19d- Ko fight. The block at black 3 in response to white 2 is not appropriate. White makes the excellent throw-in at 4. After black 9, a ko fight is the result. Diagram 19e- Black is clearly dead. The descent to black I is inconsiderate. White plays the hanging connection at 2. After white 6, black is clearly dead.Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces Example 20- White to play. How can he rescue his stones in the corner by using his outside support? 137eet Diagram 20a- Correct Answer. White 1 is a good conservative move. With this play, white cannot go wrong. S OC 3 465) Diagram 20c- Black fails to connect. Black jumps to 2, reducing white’s eye space. White blocks at 3 before the atari at 5 and the diagonal move at 7. After 13, black fails to connect. On the other hand, white can capture some stones and link up his groups. 138 Black plays atari at 2. White counters with atari also before playing the diagonal move at 5. Black plays at 6 before hanes at 8, intending to kill the corner. However, white descends to 7, plays atari at 9 and finally connects from underneath. Black fails desperately. — Q Kt ro Diagram 20d- White lives. If black plays at 2, white plays a diagonal move at 3 and lives. Diagram 20e- Dead in ko. White attaches with the diagonal move at white 1, trying to expand his eye space. However, this is a crude move. The squeeze at black 2 is excellent. White is forced to make a hanging connection at 3. Black plays atari at 4, and can kill white in a ko fight.Chapter Three_- Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces ree Example 21- White to play. How can he rescue his four stones on the upper edge? a | PEE Example 22- White to play. How can he make use of his outside support to make life for the surrounded group? 139Art of Connecting Stones [ Diagram 21a- Correct Answer. The jump to white 1 is a solid good move. Black thrusts to 2 to prevent black from making life. White blocks at 3. Through 11, a ko is formed. In winning the ko, white can rescue his stones on the upper edge. (White 9 at the marked white stone; white 11 at 7.) Diagram 21b- White’s play lacks consideration. White extends to 1. Black plays a hane at 2. White throws in at 3, intending to form a ko as in the previous diagram. However, after 6, white has failed to carry out the plan. Diagram 22a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white | is very conservative yet effective. Black destroys white’s eye with 2. White 3 is a good move. After the capture at white 7, white gets either aorb. 140 Diagram 22b- White dies on ko. White makes an eye with 1, failing to take advantage of his friendly forces. Black captures at 2 and squeezes at 4, The fate of the large white group now depends on the outcome of the ko fight.Chapter Three - Utilizing Support From Friendly Forces ia as Example 23- White to play. How can he make use of his outside support to kill the black corner? 141Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 23a- Correct Answer. White plays lightly and flexibly at the key point at 1. Black’s strongest resistance is the cap at 2, but black jumps to 3. When black extends to 4, white connects at 5. After 11, white takes away black’s second eye, killing the black stones. 0 Diagram 23b- Black is still dead. If black plays a hane at 2, white simply plays the atari at 3 before the diagonal move at 5. The black groups are separated and are dead. 142Chapter Four - Endgame Moves Chapter Four - Endgame Moves Connecting techniques are quite important in the endgame. This chapter summarizes the endgame techniques of connecting stones. Example 1- White to play. How should he play the endgame? ose — + <8 Pot Example 2- White to play. How should he play the endgame on the right? 143Art of Connecting Stones 4 \ Diagram la- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 and the hane at 3 are vital. Black is forced to reinforce at 4, allowing white to link up leisurely. Diagram 1c- Black is captured. Tf black tries to block at 4, white thrusts to 5. This creates a capturing race that black loses. | tT TT Diagram 2a- Correct Answer. White | is the key. When black blocks at 2, white plays the excellent hane at 3. After black 6, white has profited from the endgame moves. 144 Diagram 1b- Black loses the initiative. The diagonal move at black 4 is too hasty. White connects underneath with 5. After the connection at white 9, black has to connect at 10 and loses sente. Q00, 20¢ T t Diagram 2b- Worse for black. If black connects at 2, white plays at 3. After 10, black is even worse off than the previous diagram. Playing black 4 as a hane (at black 6) in the comer and obtaining sente by allowing white to capture a black stone, is also playable.Chapter Four - Endgame Moves Oo Example 3- White to play. How should he play the endgame in the corner? Example 4- White to play. How should he play the endgame on the upper edge? 145Diagram 3a- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 is exquisite. When black connects at 2, white makes another brilliant move with the hane at 3. The wrapping technique gives white quite a bit of profit. Diagram 4a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white | is important. Black has to connect. White extends to 3, forcing black to capture a white stone. White then connects from underneath with 5. 146 _..Art of Connecting Stones. Diagram 3b- Black is captured. If black hanes at 4 in reply to the hane of white 3, white ataris at 5 and connects with the hane at 7. After 11, black is captured. (Black 10 at 3). Diagram 4b- An overplay by black. When white plays the diagonal move at 1, black cannot counter with a diagonal move of his own, blocking white. Otherwise, white simply reinforces at 3, capturing the black group on the upper part.Chapter Four_- Endgame Moves. Example 5- White to play. What is the best way of playing the endgame? 147Diagram 5a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move of white 1 is crucial. When black hanes at 2, white makes the diagonal move at white 3 calmly and collectedly. After 9, white connects his stones. Diagram 5b- An overplay by black. When white hanes at 5, the hane at black 6 is too greedy. After the throw-in at 11, black loses the capturing race. If black blocks with 8 at 10, white hanes ata. 35? Tel Diagram Sc- Black is captured When white makes a diagonal move at 1, black jumps out to 2. White thrusts to 3 then hanes at 5. After white reduces black’s liberties with 7, black is captured. 3 e bo PTT 148 HOH Diagram Sd- Ko. If white blocks at 2, white hanes at 3 before making a hanging connection at 5. Although a ko is formed, it is more of a burden on black. Diagram 5e- Unbearable for black. Black plays atari at 2. White hanes at 3 and ataris at 5. Black connects with 6 at the captured white stone, but this is unbearable.Chapter Four - Endgame Moves ou Example 6- White to play. How should he play the endgame? 149.___Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 6a- Correct Answer. The diagonal move at white | is vital. When black descends, white squeezes with 3 before making the diagonal move at 5. The sequence of moves is impressive. After 11, white has connected his stones. Diagram 6b- Black is captured. If black descends to 10 instead of capturing a stone as in the previous diagram, white simply connects at 11. The black group is captured. 3 + CDC X29) Diagram 6c- Black is still captured. Black attaches at 2 with a diagonal move. White plays a hane at 3 before the squeeze at 5. This is the correct move order. After 13, black is captured. 150 Diagram 6d- White can link up. Black ataris at 4 with a hane. White squeezes at 5 before connecting at 7. When white ataris at 9, black dares not initiate the ko. White connects anyway. Diagram 6e- Ko. Black ataris at 4. White counters with the atari at 5. When black captures at 6, a ko fight is the result,Chapter Four - Endgame Moves. Example 7- White to play. How should he play the endgame on the lower side? 151Art of Connecting Stones {11 Diagram 7a- Correct Answer. White plays the key move at 1. Black makes the correct response with a diagonal attachment. When white extends to 3, he will link up white 1, regardless of black’s response. [ttt Ke Diagram 7b- White can also connect. The connection at black 2 is an alternate approach. White extends to 3 and then to 5, linking up his stone. This is actually worse for black. 3X5) ‘SX3) Diagram 7c- White still connects. If black attaches at 2, white hanes at 3. This is very important, as black is forced to reinforce, allowing white to connect his stone safely. Diagram 7d- Yet another way for white to connect. Black can also connect at 2 instead. The jump to white 3 is exquisite, forcing black to play a diagonal move at 4. White safely connects at 5. Diagram 7e- Black is captured. If black cuts at 4, white also cuts at 5, killing black. 152 ‘t S Diagram 7f- Difficult for black. If black blocks at 4, white cuts at § and it is difficult for black to respond.Chapter Four _- Endgame Moves __ Example 8- White to play. How should he play the endgame? Ht Example 9- White to play. How should the endgame be played in the corner? 153_____Art of Connecting Stones t Diagram 8a- Correct Answer. White plays lightly and flexibly with the extension to 1, jump to 3, and the hane at 5. When black captures at 6, white links up at 7 and destroys black’s territory in the corner. Diagram 9a- Correct Answer. White plays the striking moves of atari at 1 and the attachment at 3. When black hanes at 4, white extends to 5. After 11, white obtains a nice profit in the corner. 154 T t tT Diagram 8b- A crude move by white. The thrust to white 1 is a crude move. Black turns to 2 and white fails to split the corner with black. FAKE Diagram 9b- Inadequate. The clamp at white 1 can link up a few stones, but it is clearly inferior to the technique used in Diagram 9a.Chapter Four _- Endgame Moves cory | --H @ Example 10- White to play. How should he play the endgame in the lower right corner? Example 11- White to play. How should he play the endgame on the lower side of the board? 155Art of Connecting Stones t 9+ Diagram 10a- Correct Answer. The attachment at white 1 is crucial. The block at black 2 is the right answer. When white simply connects with 3, black still needs to connect at 4. However, he can also consider playing elsewhere (tenuki). + Diagram 10b- Black fails. Black descends to 2 to prevent white from linking up. When white extends upward with 3, black blocks at 4. White plays atari at 5 and captures four stones. Black fails. Diagram 1la- Correct Answer. White is correct in playing the atari at 1 before 3. When black attaches at 4, white extends to 5 and plays the diagonal move at 7. Black has no choice but capture at 8, allowing white to connect at 9. 156 Diagram 11b- White is dead. Playing at 1 first is wrong. Black connects at 2. When white clamps at 3, black hanes at 4. After black 10, white is dead. Diagram 1lc- White is still dead. If white cuts at 3, the hit at black 4 is an excellent move. After black 8, white is dead.Chapter Four - Endgame Moves o Example 12- White to play. How should he play the endgame moves on the bottom of the board? + + + + 4 + @ Example 13- White to play. How should the endgame moves on the bottom be played? 157Art of Connecting Stones _ Diagram 12a- Correct Answer. The cut at white 1 is the key. Black 2 is the correct response. After 11 (played at 3), white takes away quite a bit of territory. Diagram 13a- Correct Answer. The clamp at white 1 is important. If black hanes at 2, white extends to 3. After 9, white links up. 158 Diagram 12b- Not good for black. If black plays an atari at 2, white responds with the brilliant wedge at 3. Black cannot afford to rescue the two black stones. If black plays 2 at a, then white descends to b; this is worse for black. + Diagram 13b- Inappropriate play by black. If black connects at 2, white hanes at 3 before extending to 5 and links up his groups. This leaves weaknesses (aji) for black.Chapter Four - Endgame Moves £ T Example 14- White to play. How should the endgame moves be played on the upper edge of the board? Sea: Example 15- Black to play. How should he play the endgame moves on the lower edge of the board? 159Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 14a- Correct Answer. The placement at white 1 is absolutely correct. Black has no choice but to connect at 2. After black 6, white has profited tremendously from the endgame. f Diagram 14b- A simple mistake. If white extends to 1, black simply makes an eye with 2 and is unconditionally alive. This is uninteresting for white. ogee ee rag Diagram 15a- Correct Answer. The hane at black | and the placement at 3 are keys to the concept behind this problem. Black hanes at 5 before the atari at 7, and white captures at 8. Black gets quite a bit of profit from the endgame moves. 160 Diagram 15b- Inadequate for black. The atari at black 3 is inappropriate. White connects at 4. After the capture at 8, black winds up 2 points worse than the previous diagram.Chapter Four_- Endgame Moves. tH pees Example 16- White to play. How can he play the best endgame moves in the corner? EERE Example 17- White to play. How should he play the best endgame moves in the corner? 161Art of Connecting Stones ee é >| Diagram l6a- Correct Answer. The attachment at white 1 is crucial. Black extends to 2 and white extends to 3. After the connection at 8, white has obtained endgame profit with sente. Diagram 17a- Correct Answer. White 1 is the vital point. It is exquisite. If black blocks with 2, white plays the excellent hane at 3. When black hanes at 4, white captures at 5. White can connect by winning the ko. 162 é ? Diagram 16b- A black overplay. If black descends to 4 to cut off white, white draws back to 5 before he hanes at 7. The capturing race favors white. Diagram 17b- Still a ko in the corner. If black connects at 2, white extends to 3 before blocking at 5. A ko is formed in the comer. However, this ko is a big burden for black. Therefore, it is not recommended for black to play this way.Chapter Four _- Endgame Moves ot + + ro ai t + + + Example 18- White to play. What is the best way to play the endgame moves on the upper right? + + + + + * Example 19- White to play. How should he play the endgame moves? 163Art of Connecting Stones ? Diagram 18a- Correct Answer. White 1 is a vital point. The diagonal move at black 2 is the correct response. The cut at 3 captures one black stone while connecting underneath. eo; Diagram 18b- A ko fight. If black connects at 2, white hanes at 3 before making a hanging connection at 5. This starts a ko in the corner which is troublesome for black. a3 Diagram 19a- Correct Answer. White 1 is an exquisite move. Black 2 captures the three stones and is the correct response. White then links up with 3. Black cannot cut at a. 164 aye Diagram 19b- Connect through ako fight. Black blocks with 2. White hanes at 3 and 5 to connect by way of ko. This ko is a heavy burden on black. Black should be cautious. Diagram 19c- Unappealing for white. The hane of white I is uninspired. The diagonal move at 2 is brilliant. The end result is quite unappealing for white.Chapter Four _- Endgame Moves _ HHH I Example 20- White to play. How should he play the endgame moves on the lower right? 165Art of Connecting Stones 2 Diagram 20a- Correct Answer. White 1 is the key. It is an interesting move. The extension to black 2 is calm and collected. White cuts at 3 and profits greatly from the endgame. Diagram 20c- Better for white. When black plays the diagonal move at 2, white ascends to 3. This is nice and simple. After 10, white obtains much profit. This is even better than the previous diagram. Black 4 at a forms a ko, but it’s a burden for black. 166 Diagram 20b- White connects with sente. If black connects at 2, the diagonal move at white 3 is marvelous. After 7, white connects with sente. This is unbearable for black. Black 6 at a results in a ko. Diagram 20d- Ko fight. When black plays the diagonal move at 2, white 3 is severe. After the ataris of black 4 and white 5, a ko is formed in the corer. This does not favor black. Diagram 20e- Worse for white. White ataris at 1. The jump to black 2 is excellent. After black 6, white did not obtain as much profit.Chapter Four _- Endgame Moves Example 21- Black to play. What is the best way of playing the endgame moves? Example 22- White to play. How should the endgame moves be played on the lower right? 167Art of Connecting Stones _ I e F $ Diagram 21a- Correct Answer. Black 1 is an exquisite move. The hit at white 2 is the correct response. Black connects at 3. After the reinforcement at white 6, black obtains profits with sente. Diagram 22a- Correct Answer. The jump to white 1 is brilliant. Black can only thrust to 2. White plays the extension to 3, hanes at 5 and then the hanging connection at 7, threatening to make life. Black 8 destroys the eye and prevents the ko fight. White then descends to 9 and links up at 11. 168 Diagram 21b- White is captured. White keeps black from connecting by playing the turning move at 2. White did not understand that black can play a hane at 3. If white blocks at 4, black ataris at 5 and 7, capturing white. Diagram 22b- Living in ko. White plays a hanging connection at 7. When black plays the atari at 8, white forms a ko at 9. White makes life and ends up with more profit, if he wins the ko.Chapter Four - Endgame Moves oO Por @ Example 23- White to play. How should he play the endgame moves on the right? ORES $84 PE Example 24- White to play. Can he link up to his group on the left? 169ole I Diagram 23a- Correct Answer. The attachment at white | is the important move. Then... Diagram 24a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is an unexpected and exquisite move. Black is forced to capture the white stone, allowing white to connect at 3. 170 Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 3b! White connects underneath. If black connects at 2, white hanes at 3 before connecting at 5. After 9, white —_ connects underneath with quite a bit of profit. Diagram 23c- Black’s loss. If black hanes at 2, white thrusts to 3 before cutting at 5, capturing three stones and obtaining more profit. Diagram 24b- Bad for black. If black blocks with the hane at 2, white turns to 3, capturing three black stones. This is not acceptable for black.Chapter Four_- Endgame Moves oO e Example 25- White to play. What is the best way to play the end game moves? ate) Example 26- White to play. What is the best way to play the endgame moves? 171Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 25a- Correct Answer. The attachment at 1 is brilliant. Black is forced to connect at 2. When white hanes at 4, black has no choice but to allow white to link up. If black plays 4 at a, white plays at b to lead to a ko. This ko is too big a burden on black. Diagram 26a- Correct Answer. The cut at white | is vital. Black is forced to actually capture the two stones. From the atari of 3 through black 10, white links up his stones with sente. Black 6 avoids a ko. The burden would have been too big for black. 172 Diagram 25b- White 1 is ordinary. White 1 is ordinary. Black hanes at 2. The moves through 6, are common responses played by both sides. White has failed to fully exploit the situation. {14 Diagram 26b- Unbearable for black. It is ridiculous for black to atari at 2. White counters with atari at 3 before linking up at 5. This is quite severe for black. He does not want to lose sente and he dares not initiate the ko. What can black do?____Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications In order to master the various connecting techniques explained in the previous chapters, one must have a firm grip of the fundamentals of the skill. This is the only way one can apply the technique to vastly different situations. The present chapter selected a large number of examples for the reader to go through as exercises or to apply them in actual games. Exercise 1- White to play. How can he save his four stones? Exercise 2- Black to play. How can he link up his four stones? 173Art of Connecting Stones 0 Diagram la- White connects. The wedge at white | is the key. If black ataris from underneath, white counters with atari at 3 and then hits at 5, linking up his groups. Diagram 2a- Correct Answer. The cut at black 1 serves many purposes. If white ataris at 2, white fails to connect and is forced to let black link up with the sequence through 9. 174 on Diagram 1b-White also connects. If black hits at 2, white ataris at 3 before reinforcing at 5, and connects. Black shouldn’t initiate to a ko at a, because the burden is so large. Diagram 2b- Black still connects. Black can also hane at 1. White draws back to 2. Black then cuts at 3. White 4 at 6, black plays at 4 and recreates Diagram 2a. Black still connects here, but is slightly worse off. Diagram 2c- Failure to connect. If black plays the clamp at 1, white cuts off the black stones in the lower edge with a sacrifice. This is much better for white._______Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications OTe, V1 Exercise 3- White to play. How can he save the three surrounded stones? Exercise 4- White to play. How can he link up his stones? 175Art of Connecting Stones. Ore TOTOOOS Diagram 3a- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 is the key. Then... | | @ HY +0 : : Diagram 3c- White still connects. If black reinforces at 2, white plays atari at 3 and connects to the corner group. Diagram 3b- White connects. If black 2 makes a_ hanging connection, white thrusts to 3 before the hane at 5, and links up his groups. eo O50T 29007 F Diagram 4a- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 is correct. Black is forced to reinforce at 2. White then plays the atari at 3 and the diagonal move at 5, connecting his groups. 176 Diagram 4b- White is captured. The atari at white | is a crude move. After the thrust to 3 and the cut at 5, white ends up getting nothing. Black has the exquisite diagonal move of 6. White cannot escape.eet Exercise 5- White to play. How can he rescue his surrounded group? 3S 4 rt Exercise 6- Black to play. How can he rescue his large group in the corner? 177C Diagram Sa- Correct Answer. White wedges at 1, before cutting at 3 and squeezing at 5. These moves are simple yet effective. Black fails to cut off white. t t Diagram 6a- Correct Answer. Black wedges at 1 and clamps at 3. The atari at white 4 is best. Black captures at 5 and connects at 7, making life in the corner. (White 7 at the marked white stone.) Diagram 6c- Black still connects. If white ataris on the first line, black extends to 5 and connects at 7. When black ataris at 9, white cannot connect so black links up his groups. 178 Diagram 5b- Variation. If black extends to 2, white plays at 3. When black wedges at 4, white thrust to 5 and cuts at 7, linking up his groups. Diagram 6b- Black links up. If white connects at 4, black hits at 5 before capturing at 7, and links up his groups. Diagram 6d- Black fails. It is a mistake for black to cut at 3. White captures at 4 before ataris at 6. The black corner is dead.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications it {| Exercise 7- Black to play. If he can save his stone in the corner, he can kill the white corner. 179Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 7a- Correct Answer. Black 1 is the key here. White jumps to 2. Black thrusts to 3, cuts at 5 and captures at 7. The white group is dead. Diagram 7c- White is alive. This diagonal move at black 1 is a mistake. The throw-in at 2 is exquisite. After white 10, two black stones are captured. 180 Diagram 7b- White is still dead. If white jumps to 2, black thrusts to 3, captures at 5 before the hanging connection at 7. The white group is still dead. Diagram 7d- White has to make life by winning the ko. The draw-back to black 3 is better than the previous diagram. After 6, white has to make life by winning the ko fight. Diagram 7e- Black still fails. The diagonal move at black 1 is also wrong. White still plays a clamp at 2. Black 5 at 6 recreates the previous diagram. In the current diagram, the black corner stones are dead, when white throws in at 6.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications tt Exercise 8- Black to play. How can he link up his groups? 181Art of Connecting Stones. ofs-¢ Diagram 8a- Correct Answer. The wedge move of black 1 is vital. White thrusts to 2. Black connects at 3 and turns to 5, connecting his groups. eee I Diagram 8b- Black fails to connect. If black connects at 1, white pushes to 2. The black group on the left is cut off. 182Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications + EEE Exercise 9- White to play. How can he link up his groups? 183Art of Connecting Stones _ OF Diagram 9a- Correct Answer. The attachment of white 1 is the key. Then... Diagram 9b- White connects. If black thrusts to 2, the block at white 3 is critical. Black ataris at 4. White counters with atari at 5 before connecting at 7 and linking up his groups. +P Roo ae oO rT Diagram 9c- Connects by capturing. Black can also atari from the other side with 4. White connects at 5. Black captures at 6. White connects at 7. When black cuts at 8, white captures the two black stones by thrusting through at 9. $6088 709% oe 184 ea Diagram 9d-White still connects. Here, black thrusts to 2. White connects at 3 and cuts at 5, connecting his groups. Diagram 9e- White is cut off. If white plays the uninspired move at 1, black cuts at 2 and simply captures the white group.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications egret é o | Exercise 10- Black to play. How can he rescue his group in the corner, and capture the white group on the left? st + + FE H Exercise 11- Black to play. How can he link up his stones on the left? 185Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 10a- Correct Answer. Black jumps to 1 and links up his group in the corner. This kills the white group on the left. (Black 5 at the marked black stone.) Diagram 11a- Correct Answer. The clamp at black | is the key here. Then... 186 KS) Diagram 10b- A big ko. The diagonal move at black | can also link up to the group in the comer, but this leaves a lot of weaknesses. If black insists on killing white, a ko is formed with sequence through 11. (Black 7 at the marked black stone.) ete thot esti Diagram 11b- White is captured. If white ataris at 2, black connects at 3, squeezes at 5 and presses at 7. White ends up being captured. It is better for white to rescue his group by allowing black to connect. Diagram 11c- Connect by ako. Playing the hit at 1 and the hanging connection at 3 is problematic for black. White ataris at 4 and black has no choice but to fight the ko.Chapter Five_- Exercises and Applications +H se Exercise 12- Black to play. How can he link up his four stones? EEE EEE nai ec seaieic Exercise 13- White to play. How can he link up his three stones? 187Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 12a- Correct Answer. The clamp at | is the key. Then... tty gs Diagram 12c- Failure to connect. It is ridiculous for black to jump in with 1. White simply blocks at 2 and connects at 4, preventing black from linking up. KC oe etCle Diagram 13b- Black is too hasty. The descent to black 2 is too hasty. White captures at 3, forcing 4, and cuts at 5. The capturing race does not favor black. 188 Diagram 12b- Black links up. If white ataris at 2, black extends to 3. Through the throw-in with 9 at 1, black connects by capturing white. It is better for white to just allow black to link up. Lott le Diagram 13a- Correct Answer. The atari at white 1 and the hane at 3 are key moves. White then calmly descends to 5. When black captures at 6, white leisurely connects at 7. i 4 gree Diagram 13c- Only a ko. White ataris at 1, followed by the hanes at 3 and 5. When black ataris at 6, white can only form a ko at 7. This is not the best result for white.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications id aeeeees Exercise 14- White to play. Are there any measures that he can adopt in the corner? 189Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 14a- Correct Answer. The two-step hane of white 1 and 3 are the vital moves. Then... Diagram 14b- Capturing the black corer. If black plays the atari at 4, white throws in at 5 and captures at 7, killing the entire black corner. VT Diagram 14c- Linking up by ako. If black connects at 4, white jumps to 5 and blocks at 7, threatening to connect by winning the ko. The burden on black is large. 190Chapter Five _- Exercises and Applications PT Exercise 15- Black to play. How can he rescue his group in the corner? 191Art of Connecting Stones ae ++ ne yt T Diagram 15a- Correct Answer. When black thrusts to 1, the block at 2 is inevitable. Black 3 is the key. Then... a Xe)-F- LOOSE ao Diagram 15c- Another ko. If white blocks at 4, black thrusts to 5 and hanes at 7. White dares not cut at a, or black ataris at b and cut off white. Therefore white is forced to connect at 8, forming a ko when black plays at a. MM HC EtG t Diagram 15e- Connecting without ko. If white turns to 4, black makes a brilliant move by squeezing at 5. After 9, black avoids the ko and links up his groups. 192 tOTraTs T T Diagram 15b- Connecting by a ko. If white hanes at 4, black ataris at 5. After 9, black can link up his groups by winning the ko. wy LC Diagram 15d- capturing white. If white cuts at 4, black ataris with a wedge move, linking up by capturing white. r Linking up by 4 HSA Diagram 15f- The black corner is annihilated. If black thrusts to 3, white blocks by descending to 4. After 10, the entire black corner is annihilated.SO >, MN Kc KC T r T Diagram 15g- The black corner is Diagram 15h- Black is still dead. still annihilated. If black attaches at 3, white If black turns to 3, white connects at connects at 4, and still kills the 4, and still annihilates the black black corner. comer, (Qo t I t Ct cor C FCCC EH Exercise 16- White to play. Can he rescue his four stones on the upper edge of the board? 193Diagram 16a- Correct Answer. The atari at white 1 and the diagonal move at 3 rescue the four white stones. If black tries to capture the four white stones by stubbornly playing a, white extends to b and captures four black stones. As a result, black gets the worse of the situation. Black should simply capture at b and allowed white to link up. Diagram 16b- White connects. When white ataris at 1, black captures at 2. White then ataris at 3, black connects with 4 at the marked stone, and white ataris again at 5. White links up all his stones by capturing the one black stone. 194__Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications Exercise 17- White to play. How can he link up his two stones in the corner? PH Hg + Exercise 18- White to play. How can he link up his two stones on the left? 195+e Diagram 17a- Correct Answer. White hanes at 1 and clamps at 3. Black is forced to draw back to 4. White then ataris at 5 and links up his stones. Diagram 18a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is the key. When black turns to 2, white blocks at 3. Black is forced to capture at 4, allowing white to connect at 5. Otherwise, white can extend to 4. > T igs 196 Diagram 17b- It is worse to make life in the corner. White can extend to 1. Black blocks at 2. Although white finally manages to make life in the corner, he has no base for the outside group. Diagram 18b- Black is reckless. When white hanes at 1, black’s hane at 2 is reckless. White extends to 3 and connects at 5, linking up his stones by capturing black. Diagram 18c- Failure to link up. The diagonal move at white 1 is useless. Black descends to 2 and white fails.___________Chapter Five_- Exercises and Applications 00 Pe Exercise 19- White to play. How can he link up his two corner stones? 197___-Art of Connecting Stones {4 4 Diagram 19a- Correct Answer. White | is a conservative move. This is followed by the hane of 3. Through the wrapping technique, white connects his two stones in the corner. A reinforcement is needed at 9. If black 6 blocks at 7, white ataris at a, rescuing the large group. Diagram 19b- Not good for white. Playing an atari at 1 first is not recommended. After 8, black captures a large white group. White cannot connect at a because when black ataris at b, white is annihilated in the corner. 198Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications LSet EEE H Lf f Example 20- White to play. Black cuts with the marked black stone. How should white respond? 199Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 20a- Correct Answer. White ataris at 1 before extending to 3. These are all appropriate moves. Black turns to 4. The descent to 5 is a good move, forcing black to capture at 6. This allows white to connect with 7. Diagram 20b- Another way for black to play. When white ataris at 1, black can capture the vital point of 2. If white captures at 3 cleanly, black draws back to 4. Diagram 20c- A big ko fight. White can also attach at 3. Black descends to 4. The sequence to 17 leads to a large ko. Both sides should be cautious. 200 Trt Diagram 20d- White is captured. If white plays a diagonal move at 3, black also plays a diagonal move at 4. After black 14, white is captured. Diagram 20e- White loses the capturing race. If the atari of white 1 is played from the other side, black extends to 2 and turns to 4. After black 8, a capturing race starts, which favors black.ie’ tt [ + L + #—- [ f Exercise 21- White to play. Can he bring the corner group back to life? 201___Artof Connecting Stones + Diagram 21a- Correct Answer. The descent to white 1 is the key. If black cuts at 2, white connects at 3 before connecting at 5. Black dares not thrust to a. Thus, white Diagram 21b- White links up also. If black thrusts to 2, white connects at 3 and clamps at 5, connecting his groups. links up his groups safely. ter Diagram 21c- Capturing few black stones. If black turns to 2, white connects at 3. When black thrusts to 4, white ataris at 5 and hanes at 7, capturing the three black stones. 202 Diagram 21d- Failure to connect. If white blocks at 1, black ataris at 2. There are still two cuts at a and b. White cannot protect both cuts.at Example 22- Black to play. How can he save his large black group in the corner? 203Art of Connecting Stones I Lor eer eto + t Diagram 22a- Correct Answer. The extension to black 1 is the key. White connects at 2. Black reinforces accordingly. When white 4 saves the three stones, black lightly and flexibly jumps to 5, linking up his groups. 204 oi rt Diagram 22b- Black still links up. If white tries to capture the two black stones by playing at 2, black ataris at 3 and 5, connecting his groups. Diagram 22c- Black only gets a ko. Black ataris at 1 before extending. This is not appropriate. When white captures at 2, black plays the atari at 3. After the connection at 4, black only gets a ko.e4 + + oO f | Exercise 23- Black to play. The cut at the white marked stone is a severe move. How can he keep his groups connected? 205o ° StS Diagram 23a- Correct Answer. The hane at black 1 is correct. Although white can cut at 2 and capture the three black stones, black connects underneath with 5 and 7. White plays 6 at the marked white stone. 206 __Art of Connecting Stones __ StS Diagram 23b- Failure to connect. The descent to black | fails. White extends to 2. The hane at black 3 is a trap aiming at a ko. White draws back to 4 avoiding the ko and not falling into black’s plan. The black group below is dead. Diagram 23c- Leaveing weaknesses. If white plays the hasty hane at 4 in response to the hane of black 3, black captures at 5 and leaves weaknesses (aji) for white on the left.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications ss Exercise 24- Black to play. How can he rescue his surrounded group? Foote Exercise 25- White to play. How can he link up his two comer stones? 207Art of Connecting Stones t Diagram 24a- Correct Answer. The hane at 1 and the clamp at 3 are the key. Then... Lod Ic 2 Diagram 24c- Black has been cut apart. Simply descending to 1 is ridiculous. White descends to 2. When black cuts at 3, white ataris at 4 separating the black groups. tH H+ Te Hetgece +s Diagram 25b- The black group is dead. If black hanes at 2, the cut at 3 through the block at 13 kills the black group. White plays 9 at I. Black plays 10 at 5. Black connects with 12 at 1. 208 EF iss © Diagram 24b- Black can connect. The descent to black 5, in response to the atari of white 4 is brilliant. If white captures at 6, black links up his groups by cutting at 7. 4 416 ° @ Diagram 25a- Correct Answer. The hane of white 1 is the vital move. Then... tere e Diagram 25c- Black can still make life in the corner. When white ataris at 11, black should not reinforce like the previous diagram, but should defend the corner with 12. This way, black can still make life in the comer.___Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications 0 t Th Diagram 25d- White fails. If white ataris at 5 instead of the descent. The sequence through black 10 kills the white corner. (Black plays 8 at 1.) H + Exercise 26- White to play. How can he rescue his three weak stones while capturing the two black stones in the corner? 209Diagram 26a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is a deep move. Black ataris at 2 and then plays the diagonal move at 4. The diagonal move of white 5 is exquisite. White 7 leaves a snap-back, and white stays connected. Diagram 26b- White fails. White 5 in response to the diagonal move of black 4 is of the wrong location. Playing an atari at black 6 will catch the white stones. 210@ t 1 t T 4 4 t Exercise 27- Black to play. How can he use his external support to rescue his two surrounded stones? 211Art of Connecting Stones EET ee Diagram 27a- Correct Answer. The hit at black 1 is the key. Then... TOTS oer ten Diagram 27c- White is captured. If white hanes from the outside, black draws back to 3. After the clamp at black 7, the white group is captured. 212 Diagram 27b- Black makes life in the corner. If white hanes from the inside, black cuts at 3. After the hane of 9, black makes life in the corner. $1008 eo t T Diagram 27d- White allows black to connect. As a consequence of the previous diagram, white hanes from the inside at 2, before connecting at 4. This can now be followed by the extension to 6, allowing black to connect. Diagram 27e- Black is killed. The extension to black 1 is crude. White connects at 2 then hanes at 4. After white 10, the black corner is killed.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications _ TI + tt L + C } Exercise 28- White to play. How can he link up his three stones in the corner? Exercise 29- Black to play. How can he link up his four stones in the corner? 213e Ot Diagram 28a- Correct Answer. White cuts at 1 and throws in at 3, trying to connect from inside out White then throws in at 5, ataris at 7, and plays 9 at 5. Black plays 10 at 3, attempts to avoid the ko. The jump of 11 links up white’s stones. Black still needs one move in the comer to make life (gote). Diagram 28c- A ko fight. If black blocks at 6, white throws in at 7, forming a ko. This ko is too much of a burden for black. Diagram 28b- Not pood enough for white. Descending to 5 immediately is a mistake. Black prevents the ko by playing at 6. Although white links up his stones, black makes life in the comer with sente. TOOO] H White fails to Diagram bse. connect. The hane at 3 is crude. Black prevents the ko by connecting at 4. Black 6 keeps white from linking up his groups. @ @ te hdl L@ ¢ Diagram 29a- Correct Answer. Black makes a knight’s jump to 1. If white descends to 2 and makes life for the group on the side, black hanes at 3 and links up his groups. 214 Diagram 29b- The white group on the side is dead. White plays a diagonal move at 2 to block black from linking up. Black jumps to 3. After black 7, the white side is killed.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications a 4 tt Exercise 30- Black to play. How can he rescue his four surrounded stones? fe Exercise 31- Black to play. The two black groups are not fully alive yet. How can he settle both groups? 215Art of Connecting Stones T Diagram 30a- Correct Answer. Black plays the vital two-step hane at 1 and 3. White ataris at 4. After black 9, both sides capture three stones. Black, however, links up his stones. ° Diagram 30c- ‘The black side is captured. Black ataris at 1 directly. White captures at 2, The throw-in at 8, captures the black group on the side. (White plays 4 at the marked TT Diagram 30b- Black links up. If white turns to 4, black thrusts to 5 and connects at 7. : at stone.) 9 oun LC HC Diagram 31a- Correct Answer. The jump to black 1 is very interesting. If white tries to destroy black’s eye by playing at 2, black hanes at 3 and links up the two groups. 216 Diagram 31b- Independently alive. If white blocks at 2, black connects at 3 to ensure an eye. Both groups can live independently.____Chapter Five _- Exercises and Applications ___ tH CEE +4 Exercise 32- White to play. How can he obtain profit by attacking black? 1® C HH Example 33- Black to play. How can he rescue the large surrounded group on the left? 217Diagram 32a- Correct ‘answer. White jumps to 1 and makes a diagonal move at 3, rescuing three stones. When black tries to make life by playing 2 and 4, white cuts at 5 and captures four stones. The profit is huge. 5 ro __...Art of Connecting Stones ___ Diagram 32b- White misses. White throws in at 1 to take away black’s eye. Black leisurely makes life with the hane at 2 and the descent to 4. Although white can get the corner by capturing the black stone, it is not as profitable as the previous diagram. SIS if Diagram 32c- A ko fight. When white throws in at 1, the connection at 2 is hasty. After black 8, a ko is formed. The black group is in trouble. 4 I L OF + 4 Diagram 33a- Correct Answer. The consecutive pressing moves of black 1 and 3 are good moves that are easily overlooked. The poke at 5 is splendid. After black 13, white cannot connect at a, allowing black to link up. oO OK LO +4 5 T6] . : q o! “4 ie e Hi e 4 ° it : rrr Diagram 33b- Intolerable for Diagram 33c- White is alive and white. If white blocks by descending to 10, black connects at 11. White pushes to 12 trying to link up. However, black ataris at 13. After 19, the white group is captured. 218 black is dead. When black presses at 3, white extends to 4. If black connects at 5, white plays the diagonal move at 6. White makes life for the group by playing 8, killing the large black group.__________Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications __ — t 2 @ + + * te EE Exercise 34- White to play. How can he rescue his two stones on the upper edge of the board? Hie teted EEE Exercise 35- Black to play. White wedges at the marked white stone. How can black rescue the six surrounded black stones and kill the white group on the right? 219oe @ t Diagram 34a- Correct Answer. The hane at 1 is the key here. If black cuts at 2, white turns to 3. White either connects by capturing at a or ataris at b. White is in the driver’s seat. wae Diagratn 34o- Black allows white to connect. Because of the consequence pointed out in Diagram 34a, the diagonal move of black 2 which allows white to connect, is one way of answering white 1. aries Diagram shat Correct Answer. Black ataris at 1 before cutting at 3 and making a hanging connection at 5. The order of moves is brilliant. White cannot cut. 220 r t Diagram 34b- White is captured. When white extends to 1, black simply blacks by descending to 2. Even cutting at 3 is useless now. Diagram he The black groups are cut apart. If black ataris from the other side, white connects at 2 and cuts black apart with 4.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications epee Exercise 36- White to play. How can he capture the three black stones in the middle and link up his groups? mt + re Exercise 37- Black to play. How can he link up his three stones with the outside? 221Art of Connecting Stones +e ott 3808 Diagram 36a- Correct Answer. White ataris at 1 and fences black in with 3. These are vital moves. The atari at black 4 is correct. This is followed by ataris at white 5 and 7 forming a ko. The sequence is inevitable. sis eicts Diagram 36c- White miscalculates. The fencing-in-move of white 1 is not suitable here. Black ataris at 2 and thrusts to 4. White fails to trap black. Diagram 37a- Correct Answer. The attachment at black 1 is the key. If white plays the atari by extending to 2, black reinforces at 3. From this point, if black plays at a, then white blocks at b, vice versa. Black will link up his three stones one way or the other. 222 Diagram 36b- Black fails. The extension to black 4 in response to the fencing in move of white 3 is not appropriate. White hanes at 5, and then blocks at 7 and ataris at 9 capturing the black stones. Diagram 37b- Black fails. Trying to reduce white’s liberties from the other side does not work. By running to 2, white extends his own liberties and kills black.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications rer t - Exercise 38- Black to play. How can he link up all his scattered stones? How can he rescue his surrounded group by linking to the outside? Exercise 39- Black to play. 223Art of Connecting Stones Diagram 38a- Correct Answer. The hane at 1 is the key. Then... i @ T Diagram 38c- Black is separated and captured. The extension to black | is weak. Black is forced to extend again when white connects at 2. White hanes at 4, After 10, black has a hopeless position. Diagram 39a- Correct Answer. The throw-in at 1 is the key, forcing white to capture at 2. The following throw-in at 3 is simply exquisite. The connection at 4 is forced. Black starts the ko to link up his groups. 224 T Diagram 38b- White is captured by the wrapping technique. If white ataris at 2 and connects at 4, black resolutely sets out to capture white. White 10 reinforces at the marked stone. After the throw-in at 13, white is captured by the wrapping technique. © Diagram 39b- Black fails. Throwing in at the other location first is not good for black. White connects at 2. After white captures at 6, the outlook is bleak for black.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications == tele Exercise 40- White to play. How can he link up his two corner stones? HH o TH 4 Exercise 41- White to play. This position is result of a joseki. Can white link up his weak stones? 225+¢ Diagram 40a- Correct Answer. The wedge at 1 followed by the throw-in at 3 are two good moves that can easily be overlooked. Then... x8 Diagram A White BA Reversing 1 and 3 in the previous diagram fails. Black simply captures at 2. If white then wedges at 3, black calmly draws back to 4 and white has failed. Diagram 41b- White fails. The descent to 7 is wrong. After black 10, the three white stones on the right are dead. 226 __Art of Connecting Stones _ Diagram ny Blak fails to connect. Black captures at 4 and connects at 6. White then wraps around and black fails to connect. (Black plays 6 at 3 and 10 at 1.) +e G: Gs) GS aXsXe) T Diagram 41a- Correct Answer. White 1 finds the vital point. White then blocks at 3 and 5. The moves through 13 form a ko that favors white. TT Diagram 41c- White loses the capturing race. The extension to white 1 is uninspired. Black descends to 2 to gain liberties. The capturing race that follows favors black.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications Exercise 42- White to play. How can he capture the middle black stones and connect his groups? 227Art of Connecting Stones @ T 7 t Diagram 42a- Correct Answer. White jumps to 1 and hits at 3, both light and flexible moves. This might seem confusing, however... Diagram 42c- Black is fenced in. If black connects at 6, white still hanes at 7. After 15, the large black group is fenced in. 228 t 1 t Diagram 42b- Black fails. If black hanes at 4, white blocks at 5 and hanes again at 7. After 13, the black stones are caught... Diagram 42d- escape. If black extends on the outside with 4, white connects at 5. After the hane of 9, black stil! fails to escape. Black cannot Diagram 42e- White errs. Connecting at white 3 is crude. White clamps at 5 when black extends to 4, but it is too late. Black plays a hanging connection at 6, thrusts to 8, and extends to 10. White now fails to capture black.= Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications + 1+ 13 Pot FEREEEE-EEEH Exercise 43- White to play. How can he capture the three stones in the middle and link up his groups? eee eb o ¢ Exercise 44- Black to play. Is there any potential on the lower left? 229Diagram 43a- Correct Answer. White 1 is very conservative. This is followed by... Diagram 43c- Black is captured. When black connects at 10, white ataris at 11. After the connection at white 17, the large group of black stones are captured. 230 __Art of Connecting Stones, Diagram 43b- White’s exquisite move. The resisting move at 2 is stubborn. White ataris at 3 and the plays at 5 exquisitely. When black ataris at 6, white counters with ataris at 7 and 9. This forces black to connect with 10 at the marked stone and form an over concentrated shape. O97 tO Or Diagram 43d- A poor move. The atari at white 1 is utterly uninspired. Black simply extends to 2. If white ataris at 3, black extends to 4, again. The black group will eventually link up to the outside.S#8E 50% [S883 +9. L sle ee @- A OTe ° : Diagram 44a- Correct Answer. Black ataris at 1, before extending to 3 and descending to 5. White makes life for his group by playing 6. Black then jumps into the lower left and kills the comer. © Y Diagram 44b- White can make life. Black descends to 1, and white ataris at 2. Without the crucial stone on the first line, black cannot kill the corner. HH my Exercise 45- White to play. How can the surrounded white group be linked up with the outside? 231Art of Connecting Stones __ {4 Diagram 45a- Correct Answer. White descends to 1. This reduces black’s liberties. Black is forced to live with 2. White then attaches underneath at 3, probes at 5 and draws back to 7 to link up his groups. Diagram 45b- White still connects. If white ataris at 5, black connects at 6. Although white can still connect with a hane, it is not as clean as the previous diagram. This sequence leaves cutting points, the shape isn’t as nice as in the previous diagram. 232—_____________Chapter Five _- Exercises and Applications _ et eee. at : Exercise 46- White to play. How can he use his outside support to rescue his large group? STE ml r t Exercise 47- White to play. How can he save his surrounded group with support from the outside? 233Diagram 46a- Correct Answer. The attachment at 1 is the key. Then, using a sacrifice technique, white extends to 9, descends to 11 and leisurely links up to the outside by playing white 13. Diagram 46b- White fails. The descent to white 1 is useless. Black makes the hanging connection at 2 and that is the end of the white group. +e © HC t T Diagram 47a- Correct Answer. White lays the ground work by cutting at 1 and descending to 3. White then throws in at 5 and attaches underneath with 7. Those are the key moves for linking up to the outside. Black makes life with 8, and white links up at 9. 234 Diagram 47b- A ko fight. Black captures at 6. White destroys black’s eye by the hane of 7 before initiating a ko by another hane at 9. Since white captures first and the black group is completely enclosed, this ko favors white.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications Ht +H + {4 Exercise 48- Black to play. How can black rescue his corner by tapping his support on the outside? 235_____Artof Connecting Stones __ Diagram 48a- Correct Answer. The attachment underneath is a terrific move! White draws back to 2, preventing black —from connecting. Black thrusts to 3 and hanes at 5, and can rescue the corner by winning the ko. ef If white cuts at 4 and captures a stone, the attachment at 5 is exquisite. Capturing a single stone with 6, shows white’s unwillingness to let black make life in the corner. Black throws in at 7 and makes a ko. However, this ko favors black. This is not as favorable for white as the previous diagram. Diagram 48b- Another ko. oe Diagram 48c- A seki. White hanes at 2. Black captures at 3. The moves through 11 leaves a seki which is quite unappealing for white. (Black plays 5 at the marked stone.) 236 Diagram 48d- Black is dead in the comer. The thrust to 1 first is the wrong order. When white cuts and captures a stone, black attaches at 3. White attaches at 4, killing the black corner._ ooa9 Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications FH Co Exercise 49- White to play. How can he use his outside support to rescue his large surrounded group? 237Diagram 49a- Correct Answer. White plays 1 and 3 to destroy black’s eyes. White 5 is exquisite. Then... iter ite Diagram 49b- White escapes. If black captures the three white stones with 6, white destroys one of black’s eyes with 7. White 9 is another terrific move, forcing black to make life with 10 at the marked stone. White then links up at 11. 238 Diagram 49c- White captures the black side. If black connects at 6, white hanes at 7 before descending to 9. White now captures the five stones on the top of the board, and so still rescues his large group..t Ol Exercise 50- White to play. Does white have any resources in the corner? t Hepes Exercise 51- White to play. How can he link up his stones in the corner? 239TTOSOLT) Diagram 50a- Correct Answer. White wedges at 1 to reduce black’s liberties, before the hane at 3. The order of moves is important. Then... OTe Diagram 50c- A ko. When white hanes at 5, black could counter with a hane of his own. The sequence through 9 leaves a ko that favors white. If black instead captures the marked white stone with 8, the throw-in at a allows white to link up his groups.. Pier oT egte 240 Art of Connecting Stones _ Diagram 50b- White profits in the endgame. The extension to 4 is correct. White hanes at 5. The sequence through 9 has white linking up with anice profit. YI Diagram 50d- —_ Unexpectedly making life in the corner. Black blocks at 4. White descends to 5 and 7 before playing atari at 9 and makes life in the corner. Diagram 50e- White fails. If white blocks at 3 instead, black descends to 4. White has no follow-up measures.Chapter Five - Exercises and Applications at $ +H Diagram 51a- Correct Answer. The hane at white 1 is the key. Then... + Diagram 5ib- Connects by the wrapping technique. If black hanes at 2, white cuts with the surprising move at 3. White successfully links up with 11 by using a wrapping technique. (Black plays 10 at 1.) Diagram 51c- White fails. If white descends to 5 thinking of a snap-back, black plays the finesse wedge at 6. Black 12 leaves white worse than the previous diagram. 241Go ~ the oriental game of controlling territory - chall a to balance pi and tactics. Each ae mi moves that work at multiple levels, “and. to opponent's aims. j : The concept of connecting stones is crucial i Beginners learn very quickly when ston and when ‘they are cut. The Art of Conni harder concept - fashioning a connectior separated stones. As a player discovers how will naturally learn how to cut the oppone well. These two skills will better allow needs in his or her games. By studying principles, many players can. Sean a The Art of Connecting stones i a prob problems, which increas their ‘solutions. s ‘The |