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CHAPTER – 4
1. m = 1 gm = 1/1000 kg
m1 = 1 gm m2 = 1 gm
–17 Gm1m2
F = 6.67 × 10 NF=
r2 r
–17 6.67 10 11 (1/ 1000 ) (1/ 1000 )
6.67 × 20 =
r2
2 6.67 10 11 10 6 10 17
r = 17 = 1
6.64 10 17 10
r = 1 = 1 metre.
So, the separation between the particles is 1 m.
2. A man is standing on the surface of earth
The force acting on the man = mg ………(i)
Assuming that, m = mass of the man = 50 kg
2
And g = acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth = 10 m/s
W = mg = 50× 10= 500 N = force acting on the man
So, the man is also attracting the earth with a force of 500 N
3. The force of attraction between the two charges
1 q1 q 2 1
= 9 10 9 2
4 o r 2
r
The force of attraction is equal to the weight
9 109
Mg =
r2
9 10 9 9 10 8
r =
2 2
[Taking g=10 m/s ]
m 10 m
9 10 8 3 10 4
r= mt
m m
For example, Assuming m= 64 kg,
3 10 43
r= 10 4 = 3750 m
64 8
4. mass = 50 kg
r = 20 cm = 0.2 m
m1m2 6.67 10 11 2500
FG G
r2 0.04
1 q1 q2 q2
9
Coulomb’s force FC = = 9 × 10 0.04
4 o r 2
6.7 10 11 2500 9 10 9 q2
Since, FG = Fc =
0.04 0.04
2 6.7 10 11 2500 6.7 10 9
q = 25
0.04 9 10 9
–18
= 18.07 × 10
-9
q= 18.07 10 -18 = 4.3 × 10 C.
4.1
Chapter-4
5. The limb exerts a normal force 48 N and frictional force of 20 N. Resultant magnitude of
the force,
R = ( 48 )2 (20)2
= 2304 400
= 2704 48N
= 52 N
6. The body builder exerts a force = 150 N.
Compression x = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Total force exerted by the man = f = kx F F
x
kx = 150
150 1500
k= = = 750 N/m
0 .2 2
7. Suppose the height is h.
2
At earth station F = GMm/R
M = mass of earth
m = mass of satellite
R = Radius of earth
GMm GMm
F= 2
=
(R h) 2 R2
2 2 2 2
2R = (R + h) R – h – 2Rh = 0
2 2
h + 2Rh – R = 0
2R 4R 2 4R 2
H= = 2R 2 2R
2 2
= –R ± 2R = R 2 1
= 6400 × (0.414)
= 2649.6 = 2650 km
8. Two charged particle placed at a sehortion 2m. exert a force of 20m.
F1 = 20 N. r1 = 20 cm
F2 = ? r2 = 25 cm
1 q1q2 1
Since, F = , F
4 o r 2 r2
2 2 2
F1 r2 r1 20 16 64
F 2 = F1 × = 20 × = 20 × = = 12.8 N = 13 N.
F2 r12 r2 25 25 5
mmmc
9. The force between the earth and the moon, F= G
r2
6.67 10 11 7.36 10 22 6 10 24 6.67 7.36 10 35
F= =
3.8 10 8 2 3.8 2 1016
19 20 20
= 20.3 × 10 =2.03 × 10 N = 2 ×10 N
–19
10. Charge on proton = 1.6 × 10
9 109 1.6 10 38
2
1 qq
Felectrical = 12 2 =
4 o r r 2
–27
mass of proton = 1.732 × 10 kg
4.2
Chapter-4
m1m2 6 .67 10 11
1 .732 10 54
Fgravity = G =
r 2
r2
9 10 9 1.6 10 38
2
r2
–11
11. The average separation between proton and electron of Hydrogen atom is r= 5.3 10 m.
a) Coulomb’s force = F = 9 × 10 ×
9 q1q2
=
9 109 1.0 10 19 2
= 8.2 × 10
–8
N.
r2
5.3 10 11
2
b) When the average distance between proton and electron becomes 4 times that of its ground state
Coulomb’s force F =
1 qq
1 22 =
9 10 9 1.6 10 19
2
=
9 1.6
2
10 7
4 o 4r 16 5.3 10 22 16 5.3
2 2
–7 –9
= 0.0512 × 10 = 5.1 × 10 N.
12. The geostationary orbit of earth is at a distance of about 36000km.
2
We know that, g = GM / (R+h)
2
At h = 36000 km. g = GM / (36000+6400)
g` 6400 6400 256
0.0227
g 42400 42400 106 106
g = 0.0227 × 9.8 = 0.223
2
[ taking g = 9.8 m/s at the surface of the earth]
A 120 kg equipment placed in a geostationary satellite will have weight
Mg` = 0.233 × 120 = 26.79 = 27 N
****
4.3