Reproduced from Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948 by Maung Aung Myoe (Singapore:

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on
condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of
the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg >
Index 247

INDEX

“five column” approach, 36, 42 Army of Burma Reserve Organization

“four-cut” strategy, 27, 29, 32, 36, 42, (ABRO), 48, 51
138 artillery batteries [P, Q, and R], 85
4th Generation War (4GW), 39, 197 Aung Gyi, 50, 53, 56, 76, 136
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF),
A 204
Adjutant General (AG), 41, 53–54, Ayerwaddy Naval Region Command
57, 68, 70–71, 73 HQ, 87–88
Adjutant General Office (A), 52, 72,
75, 85, 177, 182, 186 B
Adjutant Staff Officers Grade-I Battlefield Information Management
(ASO-I), 81 System (BIMS), 39
Adjutant Staff Officers Grade-III Brigadier General, 71–74, 80, 82,
(ASO-III), 72 140, 199
Advanced Command Training Centres Bureau of Defence Industries, 182
(ACTC), 144–45 Bureau of Special Operations (BSO),
Advanced Warning and Control 65, 73–75
System (AWCS), 7 Burma Army Administrative Support
Air Defence Office, 85 Training School (BAASTS), 153
Airborne Division, 80 Burma Army Armoured Cars
Air-to-Air Missiles (AMMs), 127 (BAACs), 107
Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League Burma Army Central School (BACS),
(AFPFL), 55, 60 135–36, 152
Appointment General, 57, 65 Burma Army Combat Forces School, 137
Armed Forces Inspector and Burma Army Engineering Corps
Controller General, 75 Centre, 154
Armour and Artillery School (AAS), Burma Army Non-Commissioned
153 Officers School, 137
Armoured Personnel Carriers (APCs), Burma Army Officers’ Training
107 School, 136

247

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 248 Index

Burma Army School of Education, 136 Central Naval Signal Unit, 88

Burma Army Staff College (BASC), Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), 69
136, 155 Chief of Air Staff, 71
Burma Army Training Depot (BATD), Chief of Armed Forces Training, 75,
135, 146 139–40, 158
Burma Communist Party (BCP), 16, Chief of Armed Forces Training Office
18–19, 24–26, 32, 55, 73–74, (CAFTO), 75, 140, 142–43
78, 123–25 Chief of Bureau of Air Defence, 75
Burma Economic Development Chief of Bureau of Ordnance
Corporation (BEDC), 174 Production, 75
Burma Frontier Force Signal Squadron Chief of Naval Staff, 71
(BFFSS), 83–84 Chief of Signal Officer (CSO), 84
Burma Regiment (BURGT), 76 Chief of Staff, 54, 62, 65, 67, 71–73
Burma Regimental Centre, 135 Chief of Staff (Air Force), 71
Burma Signals, 83–84 Chief of Staff (Army), 73–74
Burma Signals Squadron (BSS), 84 Chief of Staff (Navy), 71
Burma Signals Training Squadron Chief of Staff Office, 71
(BSTS), 83–84 China Precision Machinery Import-
Burma Signal Training Depot (BSTD), Export Corporation (CPMIEC), 110
84 Chit Myaing, 48–51
Burma Socialist Programme Party Chit Swe, 57
(BSPP), 1, 28–31, 57–58, 61–63, Coastal Region Command, 80, 95
155, 166 Colonel General Staff (Army), 73
Burma Territorial Force (BTF), 76, 84 colonel, 73, 81–84, 87, 137, 200
Burmese Way to Socialism (BWS), 1, Combat Related Organisational
59–60, 174, 188 Activities Training Centres
(CROATC), 155
C Command and Control Carriers
C3I (Command, Control, (CCCs), 107
Communication, and Command and General Staff College
Intelligence), 7, 54, 115, 117, (CGSC), 18, 32, 91, 151,
130, 202 155–56
C4I (Command, Control, Commander-in-Chief, 72–73
Communication, Computer, and Commander-in-Chief (Air Force), 73, 75
Intelligence), 154 Commander-in-Chief (Army), 73, 75
Caretaker Government, 21, 56 Commander-in-Chief (Navy), 73
Central Command, 25, 29, 74, 78, Commander-in-Chief of Defence
80, 82, 84, 93–95 Services, 73
Central Government Expenditure Commanding Officer (CO), 188–89
(CGE), 163–65
Central Institute of Political Science D
(CIPS), 61–62 Danyawaddy Naval Base, see Sittwe
Central Military Account (CMA), 54 Naval Base

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 Index 249

Danyawaddy Naval Region Command Defence Services Medical Corps, 86

HQ, 88 Defence Services Museum, 115
Dathein Naval Base, 87 Defence Services Non-Commissioned
Defence Industries (DI), 106, 202 Officers Schools (DSNCOS),
Defence Institute of Nursing and 144–46
Paramedical Sciences (DSINPS), Defence Services Signals and
150–51 Electronic School (DSSES), 154
Defence Services (Army) Combat Defence Services Technological
Forces School (DSCFS), 151, Academy (DSTA), 144, 149–50
153 Defensive Counter-Air Operation, 7
Defence Services Academy (DSA), Deputy Commander-in-Chief, 72–73
39, 63–64, 71, 137–38, 141, Directorate of Armour and Artillery,
145–48, 158, 199 75, 108, 152–53
Defence Services Administration Directorate of Defence Industries, 109
School (DSAS), 91, 151, 153 Directorate of Defence Services
Defence Services Army Training Depot Intelligence (DDSI), 58, 66–68,
(DSATD), 144 70, 72, 75, 81–83, 152–53, 185
Defence Services Council (DSC), 53 Directorate of Engineering, 152
Defence Services Engineering School Directorate of Field Engineering,
(DSES), 154 71–72
Defence Services Historical Research Directorate of Mechanical and
Institute, 11 Electrical Engineering, 152
Defence Services Information Directorate of Medical Services, 86
Collection Training School, 83 Directorate of Military Supplies, 72
Defence Services Institute (DSI), 174, Directorate of Military Training
188 (DMT), 29–30, 72, 75, 136–39,
Defence Services Institute of Medicine 142–43, 145, 151, 158
(DSIM), see Defence Services Directorate of Ordnance, 73, 184–85
Medical Academy (DSMA) Directorate of People’s Militias, 41,
Defence Services Institute of Nursing 75, 152, 185
(DSIN), 150 Directorate of Procurement, 176
Defence Services Institute of Directorate of Public Relations and
Technology (DSIT), 148–49, 158 Psychological Warfare, 75
Defence Services Intelligence Bureau Directorate of Recruitment, 75
(DSIB), 67, 75 Directorate of Resettlement, 75,
Defence Services Intelligence Centre 186–87
(DSIC), 82–83, 154 Directorate of Signal, 71, 84, 152
Defence Services Intelligence Support Directorate of Supply and Transport,
Depot (DSISD), 82–83 185
Defence Services Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering School, 154 E
Defence Services Medical Academy Eastern Command, 57, 69, 73–74,
(DSMA), 148, 158 78, 82–84, 93–95

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 250 Index

Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Hmawbi Air Base, 89

Corps, 72 Hongdu Aviation Industry Group
electronic counter measures (ECMs), (HAIG), 127
115 HQ Burma Signals, 83
Electronic Warfare (EW) systems, 117
Engineering Training Battalion, 154 I
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), 203 Implemented Strength (IS), 200
infantry battalions, 76–77, 91,
F 107–08, 146, 200–01
Field Interrogation Units (FIU), 81 infantry brigade, 76–78
Field Security Sections (FSS), 81 infantry division, 76, 78
Flying Training School, 89 Infantry Divisional Signals Regiment,
fuel-air explosive (FAE), 110 84
infantry fighting vehicle, 108
G Infantry Support Heavy Mortar
Garrison Engineering Corps, 72 Training School (ISHMTS),
General Staff (G), 54, 81 144–45
General Staff Office (G), 19–22, infrared counter measures (IRCM),
24–25, 31, 52, 66–67, 71–75, 111
81, 83, 106, 135–40, 158 Inspector General, 57, 73, 76
General Staff Officer Grade-I Inspector General Office, 67
(GSO-I), 53, 57, 67, 71, 73, 81, Intelligence Officer (IO), 71, 81
135–36 International Narcotic Control
General Staff Officer Grade-II Programme (INCP), 125
(GSO-II), 71, 135
General Staff Officer Grade-III
(GSO-III), 71, 135 J
general, 73 Jane’s Intelligence Review (JIR), 83
G-I (Army), 81 Joint Chief of Staff, 75
G-I (lieutenant colonel), 82 Judge Advocate General (JAG), 54,
G-II (Intelligence), 81 72–73
G-II (Operations and Training), 81 Judge Advocate General (JAG) Office,
G-II (Staff Duty and Planning), 81 72
G-II officers, 81–82
G-III officers, 81–82 K
Global Positioning System (GPS), 39 Karen National Defence Organisation
(KNDO), 16, 18–19, 50, 53
H Khin Nyunt, 64–70, 83
Head-Up Display (HUD), 204 Kuomintang (KMT), 17–19, 53, 153
High to Medium Altitude Air Defence Kyaw Win, 29, 53, 65, 70
(HIMAD), 112–13 Kyaw Zaw, 55
Hla Shwe, 29 Kyi Win, 18–19, 55

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 Index 251

L Military Intelligence Depot, 81, 154

Land/Air Warfare and Paratroop Military Intelligence Sections (MIS),
School (LAWPS), 151, 153 66–67, 81–83
Landing Craft Medium (LCM), 119 Military Intelligence Training Centre
lieutenant colonel, 83, 135, 150, 152, (MITC), 81, 153–54
156, 199–200 Military Operation Commands
lieutenant general, 73–75, 81, 83, 140 (MOCs), 65, 78, 80, 84, 140,
Light Infantry Divison (LID), 57, 65, 198
73–74, 77–78, 80, 84–85, 116, Military Ordnance Corps, 72
140, 198 Military Planning Staff (MPS), 53
Light Military Intelligence Section Military Secretary (MS), 54, 72
(LMIS) units, 82 Military Secretary Office, 72
low-altitude-air-defence-system Military Technological College, 144
(LAADS), 130 Military Technological Institute, 144
low-intensity conflict (LIC), 36 Mingalardon Air Base HQ, 89
Myanmar Armed Forces (MAF), 117,
M 123, 125, 129–30, 202
Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), 108 Myanmar Economic Corporation
major general, 74–75, 140 (MEC), 181–84, 188, 190, 206
Man-Portable Air-Defence System Myanmar International Insurance
(MANPADS), 110–11, 114–15 Corporation (MIIC), 184
Maung Aye, 37, 64–66, 69, 111, 129, Myanmar International Insurance
141, 146, 148, 153 Service Corporation (MIISC),
Maung Maung, 17–18, 42, 53, 56, 184
136, 138, 142 Myanmar Shipyard, 120-21
Mawlamyaing Naval Base, 87 Myanmar War Veterans Organization
Mawyawaddy Naval Base, 87–88 (MWVO), 40–41, 186
see also Mawlamyaing Naval Base Myanmar, 1–3, 5, 9–10, 16–17,
Meiktila Air Base, 89 19, 23, 25–28, 31–33, 35–37,
members of parliament (MPs), 55–56 40–42, 47, 51, 57, 59, 61, 63,
Military Account Office, 72 76, 80, 85, 88, 90–94, 105–07,
Military Affairs Security (MAS), 67, 109–11, 113–15, 117, 123–25,
83 128–30, 135–39, 145, 155–58,
Military Appointment General 163–65, 173–74, 179–80, 184,
(MAG), 73 187–90, 193–98, 200–03
military commands, 78 Myint Swe, 83
Military Computer and Technological
Institute (MCTI), 144 N
see also Military Technological National Defence College (NDC),
College and Military 18, 36, 61, 137, 139–40, 151,
Technological Institute 156–57, 199
Military Inspector General (MIG), 73 National United Front (NUF), 55

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 252 Index

Naval Administrative Training School, 88 O

Naval Dockyard, 121 Offensive Counter-Air Operation, 7
Naval Engineering Depot, 119 Office of Defence Industries, 177
Naval Engineering Training School, 88 Office of Strategic Studies (OSS), 65,
Naval Shipyard HQ, 88 69, 75, 82
Naval Training Command HQ, 88 Officer in Command (OC), 189
Naval Training School, 88 Officer Training School (OTS), 37,
Naval Weaponry, 88 63–64, 145–47, 158
Naypyidaw Command, 78, 80
Ne Win, 18, 24, 27–28, 48–56, 58, P
63, 66, 74, 76, 136 Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC),
No. 1 Armour Battalion, 85 127
No. 1 Armour Company, 85 Pamawaddy Naval Region Command
No. 1 Artillery Battalion, 85 HQ, 88
No. 1 Field Artillery, 85 Patriotic Burmese Force (PBF), 47–51,
No. 1 Naval Infantry, 87 55, 77
No. 1 Signal Battalion, 84 People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 36
No. 1 Signal Security Battalion, 84 people’s militias, 30–31, 33, 35, 157
No. 1 Signal Squadron, 83 People’s Volunteer Organisation
No. 1 Signal Store Depot, 84 (PVO), 49
No. 1 Signal Training Battalion, 84 people’s war, 22–32, 34–36, 40, 42,
No. 1 Signal Workshops, 84 138, 156–57, 194, 196–98, 200
No. 1 Tank Battalion, 85 Permanent Secretary (PS), 54
No. 2 Armour Company, 85 Permanent Secretary (PS) Office, 72
No. 2 Naval Infantry, 87 Procurement (Military Supply), 54
No. 2 Signal Battalion, 84
No. 2 Signal Squadron, 83–84 Q
No. 2 Signal Workshops, 84 Quartermaster General (QMG), 54,
No. 2 Tank Battalion, 85 57, 65, 71, 73, 182
No. 3 Signal Battalion, 84 Quartermaster General Office (Q),
No. 4 Signal Battalion, 84 52–53, 72–73, 75, 85, 87
No. 6 Burma Rifle, 85 Quartermaster Staff Officers Grade-I
Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs), (QSO-I), 57, 81
144–47 Quartermaster Staff Officers Grade-III
North Burma Sub-District (NBSD), (QSO-III), 72
49, 81
Northeast Command, 73–74, 78, 82, R
84, 94–95 Rakhine Naval Region Command
Northern Command, 40, 74, 78, 82, HQ, 87
92, 94–95 rear admiral, 73
Northwest Command, 74, 78, 80, Record Office (RO), 54
93–95 Regimental Fund (RF), 175–76, 186

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 Index 253

Regional Command/Infantry Brigade 33–34, 40, 63, 68, 70, 78, 105,
(RC/IB), 54 107, 147, 170, 181–82, 194
regional commanders, 80, 141 State Peace and Development Council
regional commands, 77, 81–82, 88, (SPDC), 2–3, 40–41, 63, 70, 194
116, 136–37, 156 State-Owned Economic Enterprise
Regional Operation Commands Law, 182
(ROCs), 65, 78, 80 state-owned economic enterprises
Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), (SEEs), 164, 190
37–38, 40, 198 Stockholm International Peace
Revolutionary Council (RC), 1, 21, Research Institute (SIPRI), 164
60–62, 166, 174 Strategic and Defence Studies Centre
River Patrol Craft (RPC), 121 (SDSC), 11
Strategic Operation Command, 74
S Supply and Transport Corps, 72
San Yu, 22, 25, 29 Suppression of Enemy Air Defence
Saw Maung, 32, 34, 68 System (SEADS), 7
Saw Myint, 18, 59 surface-to-air missile systems, 111
Security and Administrative surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs),
Committee (SAC), 20–21 109–10, 120–21
senior general, 73
Short Range Air Defence (SHORAD), T
112 Tactical Naval Flotilla Operation
short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs), Command, 88
109 Tactical Operation Command (TOC),
Signal Corps and Field Engineering 57, 80, 140
Corps, 71 Tatmadaw, 1, 3–5, 9–12, 16–34,
Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), 115, 36–42, 47–52, 54–68, 70–71,
117, 130, 154 74–78, 80–81, 83–85, 87,
Signal Training School, 88 91, 105–18, 123–24, 128–30,
Signals and Intelligence, 152 135–41, 143–46, 148, 150, 153,
Sittwe Naval Base, 87 155, 158–59, 164, 166–67, 170,
South Burma Sub-District (SBSD), 173–76, 181–82, 184, 186,
49, 81, 137 188–90, 193–202, 205–06
Southeast Command, 74, 78, 82, 84, Tatmadaw-Kyi (The Army), 23,
93–95 76–87, 91, 106–17, 122,
Southern Command, 80, 92 129–30, 202
Southwest Command, 29, 68, 74, 78, Tatmadaw-Lay (The Air Force), 23,
82, 84, 93–95 88–91, 122–30, 145, 203–05
State Administrative Organizations Tatmadaw-Yay (The Navy), 23,
(SAO), 165–66, 170, 187 87–89, 91, 118–22, 130, 145,
State Law and Order Restoration 203
Council (SLORC), 1–2, 11, Teza, 145–46, 158

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 254 Index

Than Shwe, 3, 12, 35–38, 41, 65–70, V

141, 175, 186 very-low-altitude-air-defence-system
Thaninthayi Naval Region Command (VLAADS), 110
HQ, 87–88 Vice-Adjutant General, 72
Thaung Dan, 71 Vice-Chief of Staff (Air Force), 73,
Thaung Tin, 71 114
Thura Tun Tin, 22 Vice-Chief of Staff (Army), 73
Tin Oo, 24, 57–58, 65 Vice-Chief of Staff (Navy), 73
Total Government Expenditure Vice-Chief of Staff, 54, 56–58, 71,
(TGE), 163–65, 187, 205 73, 135
transporter-erector-launcher (TEL)
vehicles, 110 W
Triangle Region Command, 80, 95 War Establishment (WE), 200
Tun Ye, 73–74 War Office, 52–56, 71–72, 76–77, 81,
83, 136, 190
U War Veteran Organization, 31, 41
U Ne Win, 73 Weapons of Mass Destruction
U Nu, 50, 55–56, 77 (WMD), 10
Union Government, 165–66, 170, 187 Western Command, 74, 78, 80,
Union Military Police (UMP), 50, 94–95
55–56, 76–77 Win Myint, 80, 182
Union of Myanmar, 3, 16
Union of Myanmar Economic Y
Holding Ltd. (UMEHL), Yadanapon Naval Base, 87
176–82, 187, 190, 206 Yangon Command, 68–69, 78, 82–83,
Union Reserve Force, 76 93–95
Union Solidarity and Development Ye Htut, 49–50
Association (USDA), 35, 40 Ye Myint, 83

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