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    11 views8 pages

    Computer Aided Plumbing Design PDF

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    isaac

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘Trends in Applied Sciences Research 2 (1): 15. ISSN 1819-3579 © Academie Joumnals Ine, USA ‘Computer Aided Plumbing Design 0.0, Ajayi and*0.A. Koya ‘Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.O, Box 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigesia ‘Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University He-fe, Osun State, Nigeria Abstract: This stay has been wed to eliminate the rigorous activities and time consuming ‘mathematical analysis involved in plumbing design. The varios mathematical steps employed in the design of plumbing systems has been converted into easly interpreted hand ser computer program that can be used to generate augoratcll all the vasious parameters needed for fll design work, when the input data such ss head available, various numberof ‘itngs, actual lengths of pipe mn and assumed pipe diamter axe provided, This has boen used to provide a pathway to easy plumbing design. Key words: Plumbing design, pipe network, computer, sismaation Introduction Pipe network in plumbing system sefers to the arrangement of pipe either in series, parallel or mixture of both forthe purpose of transferring water ftom ane place to ante (MeGraw-Hill,2002), as well as reduce the increasing problem of water éistabution, transportation and contamination (Terence, 1991). ‘According to Barry (1996), the destruction of the cepanized pipe amrangement for water isuibution belonging tothe Bsiton’s in the twelfth century led tothe development and use af woods, ‘earthenware and lead pipes for the purpose of transporting water from source toa reservoir where people came to fetch for domestic and other uses (Terence, 1991) This ebsolete water distribution system continued unt the eighteen-oentury when tankers, yoked animals and inuman shoulders were used as means of transportation of Water from sourve (which may’be a svar lke or steam) to the point of need, The nineteenth century however, witnessed the introduction of network systems that ‘was convenient for water transportation and distribution (Terence, 1991; Bary, 1999). This stable pipe network system continued until the middle of the nineteenth century when the problem of disiibution became heightened owing to inereased population and higher demand (Terence, 1991, uty, 1999). This then peompteda stemming up of the available design to accommodate the high demand, ‘Thus, leading to the development of various formulae, that ean be used in plumbing design analysis. Such formule includes: the Darcy Weistuet’s for calculating hea Toss, the Bernoulli’ for estimating Dow heads and the Hazen-Wallans fr evaluating and designing water disibution system (Dickenson, 1999; Finnemore ane Franzini, 2002; Bansal, 2002), However, each ofthese equations has shortcomings asseciated with i that makes it unsuitable for today’s design processes (Finnemore and Franzini, 2002; White, 2003), hence, making the time consumption in design process variable and rigorous. In designing pipe network system, ts imperative to know the suitable material of pipe 10 ‘be used This aids the knowledge of pipe selection side by side the pipe requtement for any particular pipe installation. Such requirement can bo found in (Brits Standard Org, 1977; MeGraw-Hill, 1996, ‘Chadley and Greeno, 2001; Patterson, 2004), Trends in Applied Sei. Res, 2(I) 1 2007 ‘Moreover, pipe systems in most eases contains more than straight pipes. They have additional ‘components Which can be valves, bend toes, elbows and so on. These components add to the overall head Los ofthe systern (Munson ef a, 1980, Dickenson, 1999; White, 2003). These additional losses are generally termed minor loses with the apparent implication that, the majority ofthe system losses ‘are associated with the fiction in the straight portion ofthe pipes and called major losses (Finnemore and Franzini, 2002; White, 2003). The head los information for essentially all components is based ‘onexperimental data andis usually givenin dimensionless foem (Finnemore and Franzini,2002; White, 2003). The most common method used to determin these head loses ar pressure drops is tospecify the loss eosficient, K, as defined by Bansal (2002), Fennimore and Pranzini (2002) and White (2003) Minor losses can be sometimes given in tems of equivalent length 1, ofthe pipe that would produce the same head loss as the components. Meaning tht 1,-K, (Vg) = fl, V%@RD)] (Stester oa, 199; Fimemore and Franz, 2002), Therefore, KD a ‘where D~ pipe ameter, 1 fiction coefficient, V ~ flaw velosity, 2 acceleration due to gravity. ‘The head ess of a pipe system is therefore the same as that prosced in a straight pipe whose length ‘is equal to the expression below if the pipe sizes are the same, else they ate summed separately ‘(Munson ea, 1990; White, 2003) hy Bly @ ‘where, L, = total length of pipes making the sytem and L, = individual length of each component. Losses could occur as. result ofa chiang in pipe diameter and may be mathematically expressed using fundamental equations of mass, energy and momentum (Streter e al, 1998, Bansal, 2002; Finnemore and Frarzini, 2002), Valves ae known to contral the Flow rate by providing a means of adjusting the ‘overall system Loss coeficient tothe desired value (Dickenson, 1990, White, 2003) This situation is ‘explained mathematially as:

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