Current, p.d. and resistance Chapter outline understand that electric current isa flow of charge carriers, with quantised charge define the coulomb and use the equation Q= It derive and use, for a current-carrying conductor, the expression I= Anya define potential difference, resistance, the volt, and the ohm recall and use W= QV, V= IR, P= Vi and draw and interpret circuit diagrams . . . . . =PR . . define electromotive force (e.m.t) in terms of the energy transferred by a source in driving unit charge around a complete circuit distinguish between e.mJ. and potential difference (p.d.) ‘electromotive force (e.m.t): the amount of energy changed from other forms into electrical pper unit charge produced by an electrical supply potential difference (p.d.): the energy lost per unit charge as charge passes between two points the volt:the pd. aciossa component when 1 J of electrical energyis changed into other forms when 1 C passes threugh the component the coulomb: the charge that passes a point in acircuitwhen a current of 1A flows for 1s resistance: ratio ol the potential difference across component to the current in the component ‘the ohm: the resistance of a resistor when a pdf 1V produces a current of 1Ain the resistor mean drift velocity: the average speed of charge carriers when a current flows Equations: Q=It ver Pai Parr Efort=Qv=vit I=Amq Exercise 9.1 Basic definitions and u p.d. and e.m.f. This exercise will help you understand and use basic definitions and their units. Rearranging units can be a challenge. If you are unsure, look up the definitions of the quantities first. 'S, resistance, 1. a State one similarity between potential difference and electromotive force. b State one difference between potential difference and electromotive force 2 Match each quantity in the left column with a suitable unit from the right column: electromotive force Scanned with CamScanner3 Stare State the quanti that can be . scribed as heamount of ener | © theamountof een Mastered fom a source to electrical energy per unit charge’ CANAL © tenet mincshmacrcagpsrotscnr seen pd Wof electric charger ao ee’ CURREN Ne joule of energy per 7 'Y per coulombsol charge’ Woe rev prone fy Four electrical quantiti charge, current, les are; ° » Potential difference, resistance ate which quantity in thelist: 3 can be measured in joules per coulomb P-d- etinthe Product of two other quantities in thelist P» = e ‘Gwals the rate of change of another quantity in thelist Conner ‘Sa base quantity the S1. system Gapmeertt g is ‘ised (ir ii iS Quantised (in other words, ‘only occurs in multiples of a certain value). Cc Show that itis possible to express the QasJsC* aanc 6 Four cells each of ems, 1.5V are connected together to make a3.0V battery connected toa lament lamp and a switch. Draw the circuit diagram, Nake sure you use al four cells but that thereis only a total em£. of 3V, with 2 resistor, a power supply, an ammeter and a voltmeter, Ba State what measurements must be made to find the resistance of the resistor. 7 You are provided b Drawa circuit diagram of the apparatus. State whether the voltmeter and the ammeter used in your circuit should have a low or a high resistance. The resistance of the resistor is @ few ohms, Explain why the voltmeter and ammeter should have the values of resistance you have chosen. is 12V, 8 The currentin 2 resistor is 0.80 Awhen the pd. across! a Calculate the resistance of the resistor. b Calculate the p.d. which would be needed to produce a current of 1.2. Exercise 9.2 Current and charge This exercise offers practice in calculating current and the amount of charge. Electrical current is often measured in mA (10A) and 1A (10~A). You need to use the ooect power of ten with the prefix given in the question. Some equations may include time, which should be measured in seconds. You will need to use the elementary charge e= 1.6 x 10" C. The charge on an electron ise. state the difference between the direction of electron flow na crcult and the direction ofthe 1 State L conventional current. Explain what is meant by the electric currentin a conductor. Fa hharge passing through an electric drillin each minute s 360 C. Calculate the current d a nt of 250 WA passes through a lamp for three minutes. Calculate the charge that flows Acuttel though the lamp in this time. Scanned with CamScannerAcurrent of 5.0 mA flows through a resistor for 12 minutes, a Calculate the amount of charge which passes through the resistor in this time. b_ Calculate the number of electrons which pass through the resistor in this time, © Calculate the time needed for a charge of 2.0 C to pass through the resistor, Ina time of 5.0.x 10~s, one hundred electrons pass a point in a wire. a Calculate the charge that passes the point in this time. b Calculate the current in the wire. © Explain why the charge that passes the points a multiple of 1.6 10-C. Calculate the number of electrons in a beam hitting the screen of a TV tube each second when the beam current is 0 mA. Scanned with CamScanner