Petroleum Engineering 324 ‘Well Performance Pseudosteady-State Flow in a Circular Reservoir Growth is the only evidence of life. —John Henry Newman (1864) Topic: Pseudosteady-State Flow in a Circular Reservoir Objectives: (things you should know and/or be able to do) ‘© Be familiar with and be able to derive the single-phase, pseudosteady-state flow rela- tions for compressible liquids in a radial flow system. In particular, you should be able to derive the following: ™ PP,p low relation: gBul 2 TP kh its 7 B-Pws flow relation: B 19BHY [re] 3 tn a Ch ' Be port LEE if] -3+ 5] (Well Centered in a Circular Reservoir) A IBH SL yf 4 A te aa ofS 44]* 5] (General Formulation) where: x .577216... (Euler's Constant) Ca =Dietz "shape factor" (e.g., C4 = 31.62 for a well in a circular reservoir) ™ p(r,1) solution for pseudosteady-state flow conditions: =p, - SBE infte) 4 LO?) 3) 9B - ee lat Me 72) 4” Voc @arey Units) =p- qBu| 10?) 3]. qB “ it Pr=pi- 141.2922 abel ues ot “S015 7 jf Geld Units where for field units we use fin days, and Vp in ft3. © p(rnt) solution for reed flow conditions: = 95H re] 3. ed ‘eld Units) Pug = pi- 141.2224 | nf Ze] | -3 +5] | soisyee fi ) Table of Units Conversions: (for the equations given above) aa Uni Hild Uni su 2n1.127x10-3 2n8.527x10-5 & Qn or or 7.081x103 5358x104 © Be able to derive the r(B) result for a radial system and be able to relate this result to reservoir performance. © Be able to sketch pressure distributions during steady-state and pseudosteady-state flow conditions for a radial system.Petroleum Engineering 324 Well Performance Pseudosteady-State Flow in a Circular Reservoir Lecture Outline: ‘@ Development of pseudosteady-state flow relations (attached notes) ‘= Material balance considerations. ™ p-p, flow relation. & P-put flow relation. = p(r.t) solution for pseudosteady-state flow conditions. © Review illustrative plots of pseudosteady-state flow performance. Reading Assignment: 1. Dake, L.P.: "Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering,” Elsevier Scientific Publishing ‘Company, 1978. Chapter 6—Well Inflow Equations for Stabilized Flow Con © Review the attached notes. ™ Derivation of the Pseudosteady-State Flow Relations for a Radial System. Illustrations of Pseudosteady-State Performance in Radial Flow Systems. Derivation of the Pseudosteady-State Flow Relations for a Radial System. © Dietz, D.N.: "Determination of Average Reservoir Pressure From Buildup Surveys," JPT (Aug. 1965) 955-959. ¢ Blasingame, T.A. and Lee, W.J.: "Properties of Homogeneous Reservoirs, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, and Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs from Decline Curve Analysis," paper SPE 15018 presented at the SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, TX, 13-14 March 1986. © Blasingame, T.A. and Lee, W.J.: " Variable-Rate Reservoir Limits Testing,” paper SPE 15028 presented at the SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, TX, 13-14 March 1986. ions.Derivation of the Pseudosteady-State Flow Relations for a Radial System e Physical Considerations @ Material Balance Considerations e@ Pseudosteady-State Solutions of the Radial Flow Diffusivity Equation © P;-Pwg Formulation ® D-Pwr Formulation m p-r Concept (i.e., (p)) = p(r,t) Solution for Pseudosteady- State Flow Conditions (from Petroleum Engineering 412 Course Notes -- 1997) Petroleum Engineering 324 Well PerformanceTA Slasigane. Rerdosteady State Flas ir a adic Systm O Sobriety! 7 Cons idevations vagecat cancept of prevdosttacy- state is badd ts the condition! whee te PERE at oe és nth ervav Cl at the same al pont, tl a see are Z [poe}] = conetan . Q) Physteally, this condition is Mlustvated by where, 2 wellbore prsue at time, t fiz average ering TENT pa ‘at tune, tf gz external bon pressure at time, ‘4 eine: (fr Cees state flow tions ) 1 Derive a pressure ch relation, (Le, Plat. using th material | ere 1On, 2 verve a relation be erage reserioir essure, 2, and the olla nage 3 Derive a (ressure vadivs, time (te, by solve of the ralal ¢ flow diffusivity” vation,TA. Blasib Fl © bfebnary 74 Mateviah Java , may Kecallivey meee age relation for a shightly epee Laud, we have toe My (z) P*t Tae ip 2 or, noting thea Ue: 2Vp we obtain Pre - & wp &) for acybndviae reservow, we have Vp= dha lige- rg) 4) Substituting &4,4 into a & gives Us Meo (s) aa pat Ele Recabling the ead of the cumlative predvetion, ee [god @) Theredove, dp = 4 (2) taking the fee of - with respect to time dp: -__# (3) dt TE: Be * Wote! al. derivations ave un ‘Garey Units unhes: otherwise noted,&. Slashgeo 992 Rewosteady-State How Solutions for the diab low bo Diftosivity ee a pe equien ETy waned ee aie mt oes tint " diseaiiy’ Vat, Oi Host vatlo a bh mpresible fo et * diag or Geri\ ae: ) pulre s 4) The significant t Ade heel Velcon eee 1E domoresnbitiy) op reso - ra ploll-¢ Iscos! 7s 7 J ssure are neglected td cl Ve y oe “ eqtee ° “horwontal rade. Hou} (novertical. How) Tf we assume the thowrate, 4, os constant then dplde ¢s abso constant—henee elit is constant as el. Assuminag 4g is constant, then dp = lps - zconstant (io) a i areal, * gheviiyting &4.10 into 4,4 (we note that aderivatives ave row expressed as ordinary Beever) this qives 266 #4 Ceca! oy, reducing. d [vr de] = -_4 4 ar [r | lh aE ) " SKETA, Bhasingame @® sfebnahwe sini met ie th (@-r?) owed & 12 into ball we have r ap a 0 Fe (3) Separating d [r z-crdr Integrating. Cidefinite integration) Ja 4° - fra Completing r 4 e a a +e 7) mubeiplyine through &.lt by VW gives us 4g eer ree (is) euestandly-stabe we assume a chosed veservolr, BLE me [¥] FO = hfe + 6 he Solving for ¢ gives ge ere (iw) z wr wl~TA, Bhasingame O64 February 1994 Substituting. G, lb into &4, 15 ques dp: clr -r dz) ee ele -r] * wuteiplying throvyh &. 12 by dt gives vs dp = é ¢ “r] dr Tntequativg heen the reservoir, we have [dpe ra [e-r dr (18) og Compbeting, the integration | fap * é[ te Hint!" 2 ] z hale] - L022) ca) tre? [Cle ; ge] Recalling Eq, i cle ea (zo) Th (ie -vg. Substituting 4.20 into &, 14, we obtain ppt 46k L et dnfe |e Gene) Ot” Tih gba) L le: Zr] Lepandiing through with the arn )tenm gives -pyps Hh ble) - 2 btn?) G1) © te? ri won [e] 2 ae) eae | * L421 is ow final vesvdt (on Dare,” tts), orTA, Blas ingame . O february 494 Levelowment ofa. P-tut elation -Fevdoctate- State Flow Ln this section we deve the vehationshy bemseen the ave) reservoir pressure, 2, And the wellbore thowing pressure, yp, The Yehinition of the average reserve) pressure "ts qiven as v Li % w G2) fa and tov a cylindrical, veserioir, we have ve pha (v?-ne) 3) Wve he (ev) dr (4) Sobstituting 64, 24 into G, zz Gives a) ™ baer r poalr*-F) Li, rer which vedvees to r pe zZ (as) Solving &4 21 tor g. ales Us : + Gul_@ blr] -1 r?-nt)) ce) * tp arth Uige- YF) [El 2 (GFF) er& j Ta, Blas ingame os @ B kbar rte Substituting Ey, % wto by.2¢ gives aca rdv rent, (ae eth ie ey 4[f] Zz (ig ey | Gp Spavading r 52 2 @* ahay Ord, +2 $64 4? [role feje (PAF) “enkh (e?-1,2) J, - Zz 4Ble re ar (r2-qe) zrkh aaa i +z te tw? pd (38) W-tF) — enbtta tla nd) YK, Isolating terms and evaluating each inte Zegbing ap cach integra, f' rare Llyené) () hay z Me "dr = Li tent) (0) z ir |dr Obvioly,, the inte of the Lagann tem wile ni oe Ea work to resolve, we could sim Ly "hoo! “ee opniate result ina wu) Le eon ee el the required resvdt be enlightining.ie Blasingame heme Stavti ‘th the fundamental fe ie the / ribhon untegval, we hale Jr Lie) de a integration by poucts Judy = mv -Svdue mMeln(Ye) due xdk duz lak ve lx? x z ° dnl » 1x2 Sale) - 4 fede Reducing, Sela leldx = pela ble) “ye Thevetore r r Lfralefar ‘g4E] cal WwW eirh[vy] -1r?- patted pt + tol we bel 3 b al ‘ J Loaf ar + ptt eo] pr -ng) Gi)Ta Blast , O & Febn. aaa a &gs, 24-21 into 4, 2B Gives Be Le KF) on tht ° an oe ankh (ig? dealt ele - + aca = z Fu. tL Urtenf) WF) enkh zlyenz) 4 + z. Fa tt Uy?) (Km?) enkh 2lyge-ne) 2% Redveing, Gg = + Foie Lal ales Liven. ] & fot enkh (vy? I cent . - ae 2 I 2K? ?4K,*) ant (y=?) Lim) F + Fu 2 LK (y?-Ky?) Zrth (Kd) Zlgenz) 2 Collecting, ey a) lee dale] - z] # arkh (pF) LO*KE) ws Zz - $8 (r?+hye) 4 $8 znkh 4lg?-4?) Zrkh ats or “Finally” th * that + $6. [_ 6? dof] - t] - bind) + he ] Zak Leh F) ee WGenF) 26 F) Gz)TA, Blas nagme 3 febn 4 G2 (which ts gfven tn orm) ts our te Qoucntat! Linking. rehation between the wellbore and average veservov presiues Ging fieeoprteadiy. state flow. However, pe (the a yesenvolv pressure at a qyen veo, v) ds of Withe ue except as a rigorox "Linking" relation tov goressures Wn the yeservoir, Tn contrast, (f we consider p, (ie,, pat rem) we obtain thé average veservol pressure based on the entire veservoir volume, Such avevt canbe dhvee coy ated with the ee balance equation to de a time-pressuré relation r yosevdosteal state thow, P +e Eualuat ine, 44.3 ab rey we have Pihe* fet + #6u| 12% eo saa - 1) - deen) + __ nb jo zatth Lig? eA le?- KF) Ul 241 4Uge-ré) — 2ig?-h?). Assuming that Ve>?h%y, then fe? _ wis (reer) x1 | ti xo an) (a? rd) (g?-n}) Substituting, these expressions into bq, 32, we obtain p= + tu |bf[e] -i -! Poe * Sel fE) ta] Phy + ee fe] | (4)TA, Bhasin : OB hebrualyy 1949 Sommrariing, oy results so tav (using, generalized units sqstems ) eswre_at Go te * 4th fet “(| ] > 4] « 77 ervoir Hessure us! ie Z]- (end) + nie Ge) ih wen re od gtr?) 2le?-nPl Average Leservoir Fressuve at te (Volumetric Average Fressuve)! pe ft + ft [fe ] - ea (33) fv a a ———— &4, 88 becomes pip, + huls Lh 4, A (38) P tat oth KE 4] * where Y= OS77Z lb Evheré Constant Gye Diets "shape factor (eq, by 23ie2 tov civevlar vesenoir) Ghle of Units Comersion factors factor [rex Units __ Field Units SE Units oy ar Zax t27xjO% — 24 8S22K10* or 7,08/x10% or 5358x10747a, Blaslnaatne @ 8 fey nee pt Concept An interesting, feo Sie hls vsehl) result vs the concept tna, 7, which hd be the Location ie aver vesevvoly ee This Oe a only yah br a verbal well center a bolded civeular pesenioye: A gopical dostration of this concept is shown be. ft @ & te "w r> %e Mathemati | 7 is dened bay ei fred relation (Eg.3s) with the av bra reseyvolv pressure ent Ws Veg. 57), Equating bgns 33 and 34 qjves Mfe (F: won EE] - es ° bef ]-2 a 41 and te _xo fies (gtd) (Pd) 0 WET Ea] satan 2 We now assumeTa Slasingame Bebwaty AF Accrcy that 677 hy (be (ee rib 162) ard reananahe, ve al ]- at 20 (a) Dehininey a. dumenslonkess ae i, we obtan we he £ (4e) % Sobstituting- %. Go unto &, 74 gives us An) - 115 + 2 £0 Gi) volung 44l fr B iB) we ann f= 0.889284, (ov Fz O4426u re) (42) Pevelopment of a_plr:t) Kelation for Rewdosteady- State How Keel etc is to develop 4 plyt) relation eaclye-state tow ina bebncled cirevdar x preite adh the rratevial balance relation @, Sete =y-—£ _ 6) Ph Gh tt lig*-KE ty ? For a. constant tlowvate,g, we have t up =f gtlde = gt (3) Substituting &, 48 into &,5, pe h- _#__+ (harey units) 44) phir lg? KeyTA, Basin @8 fabs aa Recalling the aveege resevoly spresure identi a well centered | Wa a bounded circular reservew, a have feu [bate ( B= + - De Gs) P* tog Se [fe JZ] 4.) Substituting, & 4 into &, 44 oe fey? S/F] we h- Tate ie” taney fag? See[An[ 2] “] + aqtcndia Ge) fete = Siu [ot] “4 + te ¢ 4) Reohlin wellbore i J we have 4 oe stight reat verre relation (4, 4 Yn -1 lr ta) | (48) tte Selle tied Sobteatting, 8.48 from 6,42 and solute dor p gives us - 98a [ ape -3 -_@ befr)et (rend) ah al Fa E] + ww £)+: 4 -oa* (a) ome that verrtex it, (ng) * ?) Gives us pr Se | dfn] 1 (nd) - 2) - 484 (0) z gene) #1 WweTih Bhasin ® Bfebravy in Sommavie wn q wehave the following refations in ery Derey, units mae ype’ HET te avd $8u.| Lal (vt ‘ 28 (o) =o tl ven) - 3] - 0 an Sel [7] 2g ra ¢ pa Tn Field Units we have eh - i th [ta daft -5- =e cts ! (ent) | % ea) 2 (nF) -sbis 48 4 (tbr days int?) (9) 4 aye wi2 tal date +1 (rt-ng) - 2] - seis 48 ¢ (a2) # oe 2] 2 (nn?) 7] FS ag iw for tun hous we use sbis/24 = 0.23395, ip nkt) Finalluy tor conditions at the well, we have Units: 2 y, - 46u| kare - 48 ) Laney Units! py? Sal daft ld] fie Feld Uults! 2 p42 Li[te] -s]- ses 968 t G4) Te abuys; Up,2) on ak lil +] pa (ghown; et) ye pete dal in ie }z] - a78s 98 t bs) Al et Recall that th Lume, Vj cn by Yj bok igenz) 2 on eqn yyIllustrations of Pseudosteady-State Performance in Radial Flow Systems (from Petroleum Engineering 412 Course Notes -- 1997) Petroleum Engineering 324 Well Performanceq= constant Pressure re BP = constant A oP | ft wt Fig. 5.2 Radial flow under semi steady state conditions. q= constant Pressure 4 constant <— fluid Influx 34 Radial flow under steady state conditions. From: Dake, L.P.: Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier, New York (1978).[STEADY STATE 9 2 3 4 Ss 6 7 DIMENSIONLESS DISTANCE, rp Figere 6.1. The Calelated History of the SteadyState Presure Distbu (afer Hor, 1930, So osto) ° DIMENSIONLESS PRESSURE, p, 2 3 4 DIMENSIONLESS DISTANCE, rp ‘Figure 63. Pressure Distrbutlon in a Cloted Circular Reservoir Produced at (Constant Pressure (after Hurst, 1930. : Well Test Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1993). From: Raghavan,Drawdown = 3 A] aE 5000 J ue ] RP 4 ae 2 0 4 a) ryn32.2 ft ge a 7) 388.4 ft SB 5 4 ze g (3) Be 3 7 (4) ae £ 7 3000 (1) ty91.77 he s 4 gs (2) t,=13.3 hr a 7 (3) 3964.6 br Be 7 (4) t4°291.7 he sp | 56 2000 —F ge aot 1 10 10? 103 = Radius, ft $8 Figure 2 - Pressure Distribution during Constant Rate Transient Flow s s*(9861) Austontun WER SeXAL, ‘SISAL SW ‘uoUDonddy pup uoypiasdraquy fo spowayy a1oig-kpoaisopnasy pun Watsuniy isshqoUy rPy-2]qMnA YI, RIEBUSe| Eso Pressure, psia 4800 4600 gels ft, geal ft 4400 (1) t)#1.77 hr (2) t)13.3 hr (3) 364.6 hr (4) 4291.7 br 4200 10 1 10 10? 10 Radius, ft Figure 4 - Reservoir Pressure Distribution during Log Linear Rate Transfent Flow Drawdownz g RF 4800 32 J Ea J 3 q Be 4 Bs 4700 1 a8 ° 4 gS a ] # * 7 1332.2 ft s eg 300 r BS 5 4600 —| 1p88.4 Ft ze i ] rgrl9s fe 5 q 1) 91.77 he aig FE 4500 | 2) ty913.3 hr g 7 (3) ty=64.6 hr Be 4 4) ty=291.7 he se 4 is 4400 Te ey es 107? 1 10 10? 10 Ba Radius, ft 28 Figure 7 - Reservoir Pressure Distribution during Constant We1Ibore s Pressure Transient Flow Drawdown x & §“9861) AIsoamn WRY SexEL, ‘SISYL “STN ‘vouvanddy pun uoyrrasdroruy fo spoysayy a1vig-Kpoaisopnasg puo jusjsupiy :sisyouy aoy-ayqvun, sy" ‘oumeBuIse{g :WOs{ Pressure, psia 000 T T T T T T T 0 200 400 600 Radius, ft Figure 52 - Reservoir Pressure Distribution During Constant Rate Post-Transient Flow Drawdown, Honogeneous Reservoirs 800(9361) Aisioatun WV SexAL,‘SISOU, “SW ‘UONDoyddy pun uoyorasdsopUy _fo sporsayy aivis-kpoaisopnasg pir juassuDdy,‘sskyOUY 200Y-2]qDUOA :¥ |, ‘IUIBUISE[ "WO Pressure, psia 4800 4500 4400: 4212125 hr 0 200 400 600 oo Radius, ft Figure 57 - Reservoir Pressure Distribution During Constant Wellbore Pressure Post-Transient Flow Drawdown, Homogeneous Reservoirs