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repa. MOXHO ~ ~ M ~ T M THLa ,n,p M M e p , YTO @ O P M ~ I~ a - i o i 11 -a B C T ~ C Y Z I O T -
CR IIp&M3$YIUeCTBeb'HO Y PaHHMX a B T O P O B , a @ O P M ~ IH a - U O [ II -L(LVq -
lr nO3nHMX, IiO if 3 n e C b Y ~ T K Or p~a H M U b 1 n p O B e C T I l H e n b 3 R . YXe )' r e p O n 0 -
Ta M K c e H o + o ~ r a n p O C K a n b 3 b I B a I O T no O n H O M Y Pa3Y @ 0 p h l b 1 H a --CUP01 .
XOTR OHM U M O r Y T 6 b l T b O ~ ~ R S H ~
M CHK ~a XIe H M e h l P ) ' K O I I I ? C H O ~ ~Tpd.:liXJii:
Y K ~ e c r i Rn p e n c r a s n e H b r u paIili:<e, M n 0 3 n ~ +~oep h i b ~ , n p a B a a , IIOC~I~D,IIII~,
T.e. ~ O P M H~ a I - 1 ~ ~ 0 M
1 -o
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50 L $ P ~ ~ M ~ H T ~ x , I I p U B e n e H H b l X , & ~ O A O ~ O M , M M O r y T 6 b 1 ~ bOTHeCeHbI H a
ero c q e T . Ho Hona6ufi onpeneneaao y n o r p e 6 n ~ eI $~ o p ~ yH a - m q .
Bce Xe CMbICJIOBbIX pa3JIWYMk M e X W PaHHUMM M nO3nHMhfIi @ o p h ? a -
hlli, CYER IIO T e K C T a M aIlTWYHblX a B T O p O B , HeT. B . T ~ m
~ 1H
TUICR nOKa3aTb.
-0 B a p U a H T b I XaUMeHOBaHMR ~ ~ K T ~ U
K aHK , W afiaJIOrMYHbIe B a p i f a I 3 T b l
~aMhtell0~a~Atfi RpYrHX CTpaH, OTpax'aKIT pa3JIAiqHbIe ypOBiiM anMiiHMCT- 1953, c.52). Cp. a n e c r ~ f i c ~ ocnoeo e Toro x e K O ~ H R badra-. , so.-^^.
p a ~ ~ ~ r iopra11~3a~tn1.1
oii Ha3~aHMeIra -tu nparlaranocb K a x e ~ e r r u n c ~ o i i rioprum" ( o c ~ o s acpe:rirero pona), M bzxtri- (ociiosa xerrcKoro poxa)
M c e n e n ~ u n c ~ o caTpanun,
ir a HasnaIiMn Ha -cam K C ~ ~ ~ B K M map- ~ C K O ~ ~ ( A ~ w. ~ ~ 6 . 9 2 3OnliaK0
). @. AJIbTsafi~~ 0 0 6 1 u eOTKa3hlBaeT 3TOMY Ha3Ba-
XMM, R B ~ R B U I ~ ~ 'laCTbH)
~CR CaTpanMM, 110 BnOCJlenCTBMAi, B rOCynapcTBax, HMKI B ~ I ~ ~ H C3TAiMOJIOrWM
K O ~ (Altheinl F ., 1. 1947, c.3 1 1 ) . n o Hame3ry
B O ~ H M K U I M Xlia p a s ~ a n u e a xC e n e ~ ~ n n c ~hloHapxMM,
oii npe~pa~~~weiicn MHeHMM, peUiiiTenb1ihlX BhiBOIIOB 3 A C C b nOKa.elue nenaTb tie;lb3R.
B CaTpanMK). B BeK A B ~ Y CCMblCn T ~ pa3nMqMR n B Y X ~ ~ ~ H O B U ~ HaM- I ~ O C T ~ ~ ~ Cpena 3anaa~h1xapafruen 310 13a3saticre. B ~ o f iero Gopve. ~ o ~ o p z ~
MeHosatrm cTpaH 6bin yme yTpaqeH, a aBTopb1 3~01-oBpexeHFr, HanpuMep rratia B apesvenepcMnclcMx HannricRx, nepmanocb oveHb nonro, no ~paii1iei:l
C T ~ ~ ~lIIMpOK0O H , nplth4eIrRnM Ha3BaHMR Ha -:q , 3aMeHRR MMM Ha3Ba- Mepe B U B.H.3. O H 0 e14e 661~10B xonp (hlarquart J ., 1901. c.87.fiS). k i ~ o i i
IIMR Ha -a (Tarn W., 1951, c.444,445, 1-4). O n ~ a npennonome-
~ o OKa3aJIaCb cyxb6a 3TOrO Ha3BaHMR B cabf0fi 6aK~pHii.'S'Xe3 n?CBiiOCTll Olio
lilje B.Tapria IIe nOnTBepXnaeTCR MCTOYHIiKahTM 11 He MOx'eT 6 b l T b n p m n - nepemno ctiasana B Liaxl ,Baxl : cp. BOXJJO B ne~-erinaxria k-yriraiio-
l o ( Altl~eilnF., 1, 1947, c.276, 277; Walbarik F.W.,I 1, 1967, c.7-64). CaCaHPUCKHS 1: ~ @ T ~ ~ I I ~ T C h1OHCTaX KMS R.,11. 1967. c.4. 43. 43: fi!'-
K ~ lKt ~ e t i o ~ a ncl re 6 ~a CBOm CTpatlY CaMM 6aKTpMfi~b1li MX 6 n ~ m a k - KoriMH B.F., 1969, c.140; npe;rrio:rometiiie P. TeEnx, TO yrca3aiiiioe ira3ua-
IUlte C O C ~ ~ M ' n? p n h l b l ~ COOTBeTCTBMehI npeBHerpeYeCKOMy B IiMe OTHOCHTCR 1le K Fanxy, a K Farnaiiy, KaXeTCR HaM COBep!lleliiiO lic)'62-
~peBlieIlepCLi,iJCKMXHa@KCRX Y1 - Y BB. n O H.3. RBIIReTCR Ha3BaHMe O R - IIEIT~~~H 3 a~~ e~ hM1O )H 0. npCR?aTHJlOCI~ B Balx IT COX?Zi!!llilO~b 3 nOC;ie3-
i ,,CTP~H"
~ 0 f 113 ( d A y & ) BBgxtri- . n o ~ c e f BepORTEiOCTU,
i 310 Ha3BaHlle tiek c ~ o e i i@opa:e n o Harlrero r3pealelrLi R KatrecrBe 1ia3ija1iiixrop:>::a. 6 ~ 2 -
OT!IOC>tJ1OCb lie TOnbKO K CTpaHe, ti0 M K ee rnaBHOhly rOp0,LLy (Altheim F., ruero tieKorna c.ronirrrefi G ~ K T ~ , :Oi-iioc>l~enh~io
I~. npe>rewi ii 0 6 ~ ~ 0 ~ -
I, 1947, c.88). ,&tanetcma~ npnHannexHocTh 3102 + O ~ M OnpenenReTcn ~ I TenbcrB 3~01-onepexoxa cyLuecT~~.er IrecitonbKo r0ue.L; ~ D C I ~ I I XCor:izciio
.
HeKOTOpbIMIi ee @ O H ~ T K ~ ~ C K U MO CMO ~ ~ H H O C T R M M ,XapaKTepHbIhiU 2nR O I H O ~ ~Pi3 IIMX, ZORB3eHMe :\;S33aiilii,iX I i O B b l X ~ S ~ CIB HI ? 2 I l ( ! i I!pli\OlOll
M ! ~ , ~ ~ ~ c KMo ~~ Bo ~ C T M ~ C KA3bIKOB
O ~ O (KentR.G., 1953, c.8, 3 1 ) . C O ~ C T - s 6aK~pli10~ioshrxrinealeii -- TosapoB ( ~ a e s x i.~Corn.ict:o j z!)!.roiI. y ~ 3 -
BeHHo nepcri,iJcKaz (mro-sanan~anx p a ~ c ~ a n@oghia ) peKoticTpyMpyeTcn, 3allHblk nepe>rCn RB1i;ICR !7e3ynbT3TO>l 3aKOIiOhlCp1101~0 ?.i?ilTiiOI-0 hot??-
C nOhlOUIbM 3jIaMCKOTO 622' BOCIIpOU3BeneHMR, KaK Bgx~i-. HO I$ MeCTHaR, TAlqeCKOrO pa3911TA1R 1; OC)'UleCTB1i~ICR me-TO I? npOl$eX)r?K? >leX,l\' 2Xe-
631cTpbiGc~a~ @0pMa, - BO BCRKOM CnyYae, B IIepMOE, HenOCpenCTBeHHO hletlMDCKMM H K~LUallCKIfMR{>CMeHChhl.k~2~01it211, COrJ3CHO ipeibefi Toqrt?
n p e f i u l e c ~ ~ y m w ee
~ f inepexony B ,,Sam", - nonmHa OTnmaTbcR OT TOG, 3peli&iR,HOBbIe @0pl?h1C O C Y L L l ~ C T S C B ~ l Cl $O CTaphI>lir ii:)'iT!i C ?;ilOl.O !i;i'(Z-
KOTOpaR n,$JeuCTaBJIeHa B EQeBHeneyCHnCKMx HannMCRX; ee peKOHCTpyI1- .la nrrcbh?etr~ok@rr~caulir?noc:iejiii!x. i?m6oe ro:ii<oBa!ikiz yxs3a::iioio n:-
PYMT K ~ K "Eh.0x-i.-(AltheimF., 1925, c.42,43; I, 1947, ~.88,89;HerzfeldE., I)CXOZa Heki36ex'~o CBR3aIIO C O ~ L R C ! I ~ I I M ~ BM ~ c T M ~ ~ c . :lL ; lol !~! l:1 1 i i ~ ~ K i ) f i
1968, ~ 3 2 2 , 3 2 3 .' ) ~ T I I M O ~ O T M~RB H H O ~Ha3BaHMR
O T O W 0 He YCTaHOBne- @ o p~~a 3 s a n ~6i ai ~ ~ p s E~ ~i 6: i -ri L131ii ,B3illikika. .
Ha. B . T o ~ a u 1 enpOM3BOnMn
~ er0 OT KOpHR, O T KOTOpOrO 06p330~aH0Ii K nEianeKTy TOXapOE B03BOZr?JI @ O ~ M Y Balx (c saplia:i~a:rr) i1.Alap.L;-
a ~ e c r a i i c ~ oCJIOBO
e baxtar- , ,,TOT,K T O npeuocTasnxer Haqnemalrryro no- sapr. Ewe Ha py6exe traurer o c-rone-rl?>io ~ r1ipaski:Ibtic no.-nie-iriz. YTO zrix
nm, tributor" ( Tomaschek, 1896, C T ~ .28d4; cp..&W, C T ~ .923). BII- y ~ a s a ~ ~ nifaneiirti
oro sapaKTepcri irepexoz o r ~1 . IiaK 15 8 ii. ! . T o x a p c ~ a f i
rti4MO, P.r.k'eHT TaKXe CBR3bIBan e r o CO CrIonoM baxtar- (Kent R.G., @op>ra ri nonar:a B ~i!inr!ii:iii:c rPsc1.L: B Bi::ie ',:SIIE . U~~I.T,Z.i! T.:I. . A R - : ~ -
T!ifiCKa~ x e aoph4r: &ST- Esnne-rcx ~ i c ~ y c c r e e ~ i r i bo6p33o~latii~e>!.
ra; );;is-
H O B p e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p > 113 ~ ~Ba?tlr u l (Marquart
efi J .. 1901, ~ . 8 8 , 8 9 :cTfiOCliIe3bHO
13. X e p u Q e n ~~_axonm,ao sTa Q o p M a npencrasnetia B a s e c r d c K o ~
~ a3sa- a ~ e c ~ ~ l i i c@ophtbr
~ o i i TaK x'e Christensen A: 1943. c. i 6: lierzfeld E..
KKK o m f o f i n3 Vax 6 r x , K o T o p o e , no em M H ~ H Z I W , c n e R y e r n o H m a r a K a K
m p , 1968, c.322).
, , S ~ K T ~ H ~ ~ C[mpg3'
K ~ % (Henfeld E.,1947,c.754; 1968, ~ . 3 2 2 , 3 2 3 )EWH . 3m T a K ,
IT2 M O H O CYKTaTb, YTO. ApeBHILII @ P M ~ H a 3 - m ~ I K T P K U IIpeUCTaBJIeHa K B Asec- Pe3yIbTaTo~ 3aKOHO3iepIiOrO Pa3BIITItR MeCTHOrO Lllia3L'KTa CYMTa,7
Te. 40phiy Balx Q . A n b ~ x a i l ~Ile . nasan ~ o s ~ r o ronpenerrexlix
o 3roallr I l i a -
n e m y , O H orrfoclin e r o K qitcny cor-n&ific~irx It.lii 6n~i3h-oporrcTseHtibrz
8
MM ~ i a p c y ~ i ini .e p e x o ~ Or >&>I B TOM n n a n e K T e O H n a T r l p o B a n B p e M e l i e M TO H ~ ~ B ~ H M noC ,M H C I ~ F ~ K~I. T I I M lCi e, c T a p I l I e n B. iro 11.3. ( Thierne I' .,
M e m y a x e h q c l i l i n c ~ o i l M K Y I U ~ H C K O3110XaMM.
~ A B ~ C T M ~ C K Y H&
) &OI
tl - 1937, c.93). B ~ ~ I M ~ P ~ @ U ~ C ' C K HT eXK C T a X O H 0 n 0 8 B n R e T C R JlMLUb B K y W a l l -
C.n-1Tan @0pM0fi, I I ~ ~ ~ C T ~ B . ' I H In O
p OW
h i e~X~Y T O P I I Y K ) C T y n e H b B pa3BMTMIi CKYH) 3noxy. K TOMY x c npoiicxoxnerrue n a r r t r o r o H ~ ~ B ~ I IH M e nRn o n l t e RC-

0 r B 1 M n a T r r p o n a n n p e h l e r 1 e M r p e s e c K o r o r o c n o n c T s a (Alu~eirnF ., HO, M M 3 H a q U I b H a R CUR36 e r 0 C 6 a K T p M e G , B M n I i M O , M O X e T 6 b l T b O C n O p e H a

1925, c.42-44; T, 1947, c.88-90; 1549, c.23). K MHeHMM (b.AnbTxaI?Ma (cp. Tarn W ., 195 1 , c. 165).
n p M M b l K a K J T B b I C K a 3 b l B a I f l l R u.hg. n b f l K 0 1 1 0 ~ a no 3TOMY n O B 0 w . 0 1 1 T a K X e K p o ~ e~ a 3 n a t r M ~ B ~ x t r i(c - ~ a p ~ a ~ M ~ 6onee
a ~ wn o) 3 n ~ e r 0 ,npori3-
CYtiTaeT, TO B ~ B O ~ I O U M1MI H T e p e c y m u e r o H a c I I ~ ~ B ~ ~n pI e M n c RT a B n e H nepe- B O n l I O r O OT t i e r 0 MMeIlM Ganx ( C B ~ ~ M ~ H T ~ B M KMa q) e,C T B e M ! ~ c T H o ~ oCO-
xon O r> 6 > 1 , M B a ~ e c ~ i i k c ~ (ot ~f oi p h i eB I ~ A M Tc p e n H e l i p a l i c K o e cnouo, OTBeTCTBMR A p e B l I e r p e q e C K O M y ~ a x ~ ~ l a ITpUIfUMatoT I l a 3 B a l f M e
PiHOTaa
B 3 H T O e 143 x m o r o ~ 3 b 1 ~n eap l i o a a r r a q a n a n a p 4 a t i c ~ o r o B J I ~ ~ ~ I Y ~ C T B ~ ~ Z X T , ~T.e. , BOCTOK,i l n M 6a');Tap 3 a h l H H , T.e. 3 e M n R BOCTOKB. B Cpealll.le
~ O B 1956, c.54. Cp. O n H a K O c.384, I I p M M . 2 ; O l r me, 1971,
( ~ ~ ~ R K O I 1<.h'I., B e K a M B H O B O e B p e M R M e C T H O e H a C e n e H M e U M e H O B a n O T a K 0 6 n a c ~ bE a i l -
c.137,152). xa ir c o n p e a e n b t r L r e T e p p M T o p l i u ( P ~ r r e pK. M X ~ H ~ I K H.B., O B T , 1874,
K O Y e I i b p a l l l 1 e M y B p e M e H M OTIlOCiiT ~ O ~ M B uY~> Balx 3 . A . r p a l f - ~ . 6 2 , A 4 2 ) . TepMliHy 6axrap B A s e c ~ eCOOTBeTCTByeT C n O B O ap&twtara- ,
T O U C K M ~ ~OH . r I O n a r a e T , YTO 4 0 p h l a C 1 6 b l T o B a J I a B KBKMX-TO JlliUIeKTaX imu a p X r a - - , , n e ~ a u ~ ir lro 3 a n u n , ~ . e ., , c e ~ e p ~ b ~ k C" .p e n ~ e n e p c i r n -
6 a K ~ p l i Mi i n l l p a k o l i 0 ~h1eXQ' Hefi M M ~ n i r e kYXe B >'-ly B B . D O H.3., nOC- w o e C n o B o 9 ~ Z x t a 1 c o x p a i r i i n o s ~ a q e ~ ,,cesepn ~ i e (Ail\', c ~ 6 . 7 9 , 8 0 ) , a
I C O ~ I , K Y M M e l l H O B TO B p e L i R ~ a 3 n a t i ~B'ai!lika e , no ero h i l r e l i u m , 6 b m o B r e o r p a @ ~ i l c e c t i o hc~h r ~ r c n ey 1 1 0 ~ p e 6 ! 1 ~ n ~c~y bn ,R no a p ~ n t i c ~ o rfe io r p a -
li3BeCTHO B I<HwI~.E C T ~ C T B ~ 910 I ~ Hi iO@OPMY
, &Gi- OH CqMTaeT CTOnb $ktii, n p r r n i i c a i i ~ o i ih l o ~ c e c yX o p e ~ a u i r U , n R 0 6 0 3 i f a q e ~s e~h ~i e n b cornom.
:Ke C T a p o f i , K a K il 4 0 p M y S d a - ,T.e. H e M0nOXh.e Y T B. DO H.3. ( ~ P ~ H T O B - T O X a p O B , 3 + ~ a n r i r o m ii n p o q i t x 1 r a p o n o B ,,CKM@MI~" (hlarquart J ., 1901.
c ~ i r i 3.A.,
i 1575, c.85,90). c. 140).
I j a ~ K a X e T C R , VTO 1raa6onee B e p O R T H b I M M3 T p e X p a C C M O T p e l 3 H b l X h l l l e - B l i a 3 B a l i i f l i L a x ~ a py B l f n e J l i i COOTBeTCTBMe a H ~ l < Y H o f i6 a K T p ~ l ieLUC
lfMG R B n R e T C R I I e p B O e . n e f i ~ T B M T e n b H 0 . @ 0 p M a Balx ( C B a p k i a H T a M ~ ) H e no o r K p 1 , : r i i r t i ~ p e ~ i i e i ~ c p c ~ a ~{annwceii,
c ~ i l a a c n e n o n a r e n b l l o , M no 3113-
3aCBl4.lneTeJIlCTBOBaHa p a l f e e T O X a p C K O - K > l U a H C K O r O B p C h l e H l i , a n e p e X o n K O M C T B ~c c o z e p x a u l r h l c n B I I L T YI I ~ ~ D ~ H Bixtri
~ I ~ M . B e~ponefic~oii
-

8 r b O n p e n e n e H H O M n 0 J I d x t e ~ l i l t B 1 , K a K I3 6 B 1 , C B O ~ ~ C T BR~3 Hb l K Y l i a y ~ c TO C o o T m e T c T m i i e 6 ~ 1 ~ 1: 10p 1 ~ 3 1 i a i 1 0B XYh1 B., n p l i 3 1 i a ~ a nero ~ ri B

K y I l I a l 3 C K H X TeKCTOB. H a s ~ a ~ MBx6T- e , - K O T O p O e IIpM.qOXeH0 fi Anecre xi B. ( f ' i f ~ r e pfi. l i ~ ~ H L I KH . OB . ~, 1, ~ 1874, c.6 1-63). B H a C T O R U e e B p e -
K 0n110fi M3 , , c T ~ ~ H "( . SOlOra- ) 11 COOTBeTCTByMLUehiy , , M ~ c T ~ " T.e. , hlH B T 3 2 X l l K C K O h I l i 3 b l K e C;IOBO 60);Tall IIPMHRTO B K a q e C T B e 3 K B I i B a X e i l -
UeHTpY CTpaHbI, FOPOaY ( asall- ) (Christensen A ., 1943, C. l o , ] 1 1 Ta a l i T l I q H O . L l ~I I a 3 B S H I I M ~ I I 1,1978, ~ 4 9 8 , 4 9 9 ) Omsk-0;
G ~ K T ~ I (3CT, .
Herzfeld E.E. ., 1947, ~ . 7 4 4 ) B, H D i h T O , ~ e f i c T ~ l i T e n b HRBJIReTCR 0 MCKYC- K a K HI1 ~ 0 6 3 a 3 i i l f ~ f n b i iy 0p a B l I ? t l l f C G a x r s p : 6 a ~ ~ p M R ~, ~ K a 3 a l i l i l ~ CViI-
lM
C T B ~ H H O@~ O ~ M O &,~ no B c e f i BepORTHOCTM, CneJJyeT qMTaTb K a K BZxli- T a n ero 1 i e n ~ 3 n(cp. K a ~ v l i n s o nH.G ., 1912, c.1, n p ~ ~ . Bl )c a M o M acne,
(B ~ B ~ C T M ~ C K ~OJMI @ ~ B M I l eTT ~3 H a K a n n R 1 ) l i p a C C V a T p M B a T b K a K HC- C OZHOG CTOPOHbI - 6 0 2 b l l r 2 ~3B)'KOBaR 6 n i i 3 0 c T b y K a 3 a H H b I X H a 3 B ~ ~ l l Mf i
K y C C T B e l i H O a ~ e c ~ i i 3 ~ p o s a i i ~peamaym y r o @ o p ~ 3a.d y . IIpennonarae~an comnancrili., ~ t TCp;lllTo,7l!aJll~1IOrO
x coxepxaHlin, c :~pyroG- o s e H L MaJinR
llpOMCAyIO.iHaE CTyneHb C 6 B pa3BliIltit 6 r B 1 l i i i r n e 6onee p e a . 7 b H c C I L TO ~ p c ' s i i z ecnoso
E Z ~ : C ~ ~ . ~ I ~ OTOi-O? zpZ:<%ra - B L a r c ~ p ~ iyi x Y1 n .
i e B
I r e n p e n c r a B : r e H a . C c b ~ n a ~ bx ce ~H a ~ r ~ n l i i i nc M~T~e pea T y p H L 1 e ( K ~ KIT Ha 20 i1.3. 11p1io5peno @ a ~ r i i u e c h - i~ i o a ~ ~ ~ e p c ~ i n c ~ o - ~ +op11~..
a~x~i~c~
a ~ e c ~ l i i i c ~ l Ti eeK)C T b I B UeJlRX g a T l i p O B K 1 i BCTpeqaIoLUMXCR B HMX &OPM TO- 130, h l O X 2 T ~ L I T L ,i i a 3 B a l i M e * BZxBri- B K ~ K O G - T O , a O C T a T 0 q I I O p a ~ ~ l i f i ,
ro l i n U MHOrO OHOhlaCTPiKOHa ~ p a i l PMCKOBaHHO ~e N B O O ~ L U li~ ,B YaCTHOCTli R e p H o n lion B . V M R I - I I ~ ~6M~ ~ 1 1 33~~0 y a u e r oc n o B a apXx&ra- , apaxtara-
I I p H h l e H z ? T e n b r r o K Ha3BaHMH) m ~ l i
n n B r u e e c R B M I ~ ~ M ~ ~ CHCTOYHIiKaX
UeB, a
K M X
ii BZIllika . TO H a s B a H P i e , y n o T p e 5 -
m R O ~ O ~ H ~ Z I ~EHa M
T a K x e , s ~ n ~ ~B oc e, r o i i p 2 H O R 3 b I W O I ' O
~ ~Rp M l .6i ,a ~ ~ p u f i -
H a c e n e I i m ceeepo-sanantiofi
MOXHO n o n y c r i i T b , sro n p e B H e e ~ a 3 n a ~ ~ BZsBri
e* -
661~10n e p e o c m I c n e H I i o K a K ,,cenepn, 3 a ~ e . n,,BOCTOK"? B TaKoiM c n y q a e
npononxarro X M T ~
H e TOJIbKO D B i i . ~ 0 l l 3 ~ l e ~ ~ l l@~O0Pi ,lM ~ BaLx, t i 0 Ii B C n O B e BZxtar .
~ I H W UB, p H A JIIl M O X e T 6b1Tb T O W 0 n a T M p O B a H 0 . C y a ~no T e M HappaTliB- O c ~ a ~ i o ~ l m r c ~ lia a ~ y x
renep:, c n e u I : a n b H b I x B o n p o c a x , C B R ~ ~ H H ~c I X
HbIM TeKCTaM, KOTOPbIe BCe Xe nOE&lloTCR n p ~ 6 m 3 ~ r e n b ~,QaTMpOBKe,
o i i ~asnaiiliea6 i a ~ ~ p r nporlcxoxnerixe
1~: 1.i c o n e p m a H M e H a 3 B a H I l R .

II
 yIlOMHHae1 0 ,,rOpOnC SaKTpax, K0~0pblG 30ByT 3apMacn0fi" (Y 1, 45:
Bactra oppidum, quod appellant Zariaspa )3. c ~ p a G orrpnMo ~ rle ynoMiiHa-
eT o n p o u c x o x n e ~ ~t i~a~3i ~ a i iropona.
~~ HO c o o 6 ~ e t : u eero R B H O MMelIO
TOT %C KOHTeKCT, '(TO M c o 0 6 ~ l c 1 i ~ iI e ~ J I M H M I I :, , ~ ~ K T PMMeftyChTbIe
~I,
r a ~ x e3apriacnoG, ~ e p e 3Koropym np0TeKae-r onHoHMeHHaR p e ~ a " (XI,
1 1 , 2 : 76 re Bdxroa, Gvnep K ~ Zap~&nav L ~ a k o & t v , rju 6tappe i
1'

6pdvuboc norapdc ) , M B npyroM MeCTe: ,,... AO ropona b a ~ ~ p t , r ,

AliTMgHble aBTOpbI OPeHb PaCTO BO3BOnUnli Ha3BaHIUl CTpaH K KaKOMy- K O T O ~ ~ I ~G ~ e t t y eTracs x~e 3apuacnoGn ( X I , 8 , 9 : ... E:< shTP-pav7 ; ) ~
riu6yxb M M @ ~ P ~ C K O Mnepcoliaxy.Y B c n y a e c S a ~ ~ p w e3101-0
xa?TCn. 3 a ~ oBnOJIHe OIlpeneJIeHHhI yKa3aHMR aHTMblX aBTOpOB Ha TO, YTO
fi He 1iaGnro- ndhtv 4 ~ d ~c a p ~ d u niiahc>a).
a

~a3sa1ilieF a ~ ~ p i i npor13~enetro
ri OT IiasnaHux ee rnantioro ropona. Bl,rnie Y ~ n e p x n e t r r iatiTliYiiblX
~ aBTopoB o , , p e w o ~ "npor?cxojrcnerllilt ~ a 3 -
h!t,l ),Xe TOBOPiLIIJIM, PTO CXOBOM baKTpb1 HepenKO 0 6 0 3 H a P ~ ~ i-ie Ii TOXLKO BaHm E a ~ r p ~ iBocxonxuue
i, K m o x e Anc~cawnpa~i C e n e ~ ~Baofiuehr,
,
I-itpoa. rio w c ~ p a q a, Creaafr npOll3Bonltn pa3nriwbre Bapxari-rbI tiad"BaHWR IIpIIHM>i~KJTCRCOBpeMeHHblMM IiCCnCnOBaTenRMM (Opafi P., 1972, c.74).
S ~ K T ~ H ~OT~ M UMeCHMB rOpOna. C O X ~ ~ H M J PiI OnpRMOe C~ vKa331ilie Ahi~rralra ileficr~~irenbwo, 11oau6troe npocrcxoxneliue MMenM w a 3 ~ a t i i 111~60~1bruiiH-
(XXIII. 6,58) - aBTopa, npama, n o s n ~ e r o ,H O onrrpamruerocrr ria pxwilie CTBa COCeilliMX C F a ~ r p i i e f iCTpaIl. TO l i He YRMBHTeXbHO, Benb BCe 3TM
liCTOPIiiiKM: ,,I? C&VM G a ~ r p b t ,OTKYna UapCTBO 11 kIapG?i IIOJI!J~ili:ili I:>~>T'' CTpaHhI RB.TRXllCb, 110 CyueCTB)i, Oa3iICaML5: X H 3 l l b KOTOpLlS 3aBIlCeila 01
(et Baktra ipsa,-7 unde reglum et vocabulu~n nationis a t i 1 1 ~ ~ i t ~ t ~ l : l l j . CBR3allIibIX C lIII.\IM BO,!IHbIX 6acCefiH0~.T ~ K Haraiva- , , O ~ J I ~ Cii TpeKa
~
~ t 2 f i C ~ ~ k i T e ~ b 1 1 0 ~COOTBeTCTB~Io~iie ~ p e ~ l i ~ . n e p c i i : i c ~ifo e 3 6 ~ ~ - replipyn, - , , n o ~ o ~(?) " , hlargu- , 06nacrb ii peKa hlypra6, - ,,nyr",
T ~ I I I C K O ~H ~ ~ B ~ HKaK W Xy,x e or.vePanocb, rrp~r,-~araairc~ m:+Goc ii K Ha:ahvzti , 06nacTb I i pCKa A p r e ~ n a 6 , - ,,06li:lb~a~ ~ o ~ a h ~ l l " , '
rOpOly H K CTpalie OnHOBpeMeHHO. Zrarika , 06nacrb peKx X ~ n r , h . r e ~11n o3epa X a ~ y x ,- ,,o3opriax" ( ? ) ,
Coxpatimacb H npyrax rpynna y~"aii~.iii, K O T O ~ ~B OR ~ R O L I M T1 1 a 3 ~ a 1 i ~ e
iOpOna H CTpaHbI 6 a ~ T p u f i U eK~ HMeFH peKli. Coo6u~e~i1re K Y ~ U F VrJ.~H
4 1) BOCXOnliT, BllnMMO, K K m i ~ a p x y :, , G H[~p W a ba2cTd xana 11MR TO-
pony M 06nacTli" ( 1sL-Bactrus amni!] urbi et regioni dedit
nomen). C O O ~ L U ~ H I IM
n sRr n ~1i~ Crpa6oaa, B Koropb:x a u r y p i i p y e ~eiuc I ? T ~ KIIpOiiCXOXAeHHe
, Ha3BaHMR CIpaHbI M HilpOga bah-Tpiilf - qMCTO
M Ha3BaHlle 3aptiacna, BOCXOART, no HauIeMy MHeHMM, K n a ~ p o i i n y . 1111:1- reorpa@iiiec~oe,Iie 3 r ~ ~ i ~ e c r c C o ey.m no r o ~ y s-ro
, csasaiio sblrue o
~ l i f iroBopMT o G a ~ r p a x ,,,.iefi ropon -- Sapaacrra, ~ o r o p b r i iBnocxencrBiy n p ~ l i ~ ~ o ~ e3roro i ~ l ~Ha3BaIiliR,
ii nepBoHalranbHoe 51 1ia1r6onee y s ~ o e ,
6b1n HassaH E a ~ ~ p a m noi p e ~ e " ( Y l , 48: q u o r u m oppidum Zariaspa ," CneUii~?bliOe CTO 3ElaVeHEiC - E U I X C KOa311C, ~ ~ ~ ~nl?T~~'Mblfi BORah4if peKli
quod postea Bactra a flumine appellatum est ) .% B npyroiv hrzcre f;a;ixa6, ~i Hace;iewie 3roro oasaca. Ecnii y ~ a s a r i ~ tias~sariz
oe ~rpiinoxe~~o
K Oronee ~rrnpo!<o>!y peruokry, T O TO hjoiiteT o a a a s . ? r ~.lilLLlb OZIIC:
U ~ H T ~ OOZGIL, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H R I O L3TOT Q I ~ MperMoki, npii3riaerca 5arixc~riii oasirc.
~ p y m %eHIi2:
e q a c t r i s ipsis. ~ l i a r i a s o a reppraopiianbaoro conepxa~il-ixnaasatinrl ~ d t c i - ~oami-^$ ,
j~ Te ~ c ~Zariasta.
e: B C X ~ - ~ U & - o r ropoaa E a ~ ~ p b(Eanx) r n o o6nacTH hlemqy MHXOM
4 ~ nOHIiMari
a ~ nami6iR TeKCT, HXIpK'd2p: C ~ R U U Kr.M.,
M ~ ~1941. c.16 . a T a k i a ~ c o ~lrnrr , F i ~ c a p ~ o r *(Cbrpnapbeii),
r a m o r n a , hlojKeT G ~ I TM~ ,
eiue Gonee 06111~prioiiTeppmopau.
06nacTb, 06%e~liHC~HaR KaKUM-TO O n H l l M UeHTpOXl, - TBK, KGHePtlO,
nonxHo sirrnlrne-ib npe;KLIe Bcero onpeaeneIrHe ~ e p p ~ i r o p r i ~ i
- - - - - -- -- --
13
B r e ~ c ~ Zariasta
c:
~ o T ~ C T ~ ~ ~ I O ~ ~ O Ha3sarriie
~ ~ I ~ O C~ T ~ MK. T ~M M6 aMK T p M k ~ e ~H.a C K O n b K O
h I O K l i 0 n p O C J l e j l l l T b 110 M C T O W M K a M , IIO'lTM B C e r n a M M M e e T n O T e C T a p H O e TaJIbHaR P e K O H C T P Y K U r l r I r P 3 1 f M l I ~ ~ K T P M KOTOPYH)
M , M b l IlOnblTBeMCR AaTL
conepxalcMe - naxe Torna, K o r n a roBopMrcR o 7b BCIYTPUJV Ebur)~. . E c n ~ H k I X e H a OCHOBBHMM, r n a B H b I h 1 0 6 p a 3 0 ~D, a H H b l X MCTOPMKOB A J I e K c a ~ n p a ,
pa3Jlil'llible B a P M a l i T b l 3 T O r O C O a C p X a H M R BbICTPOPfTb B X ~ O H O ~ O ~ M ~ ~ C K W ~ ~ nO3BOnReT, K a K 6 ~ ~ 1! ~0T,B e p ~ T e n b H OOTBeTMTL Ha TaK0fi BOnpOC.
pRA, TO Oif 6 y n e ~B b I r n R n e T b CJlefiyIOUlMM 06pa30~. n0n E a ~ T p M e f iM A H T M w o e H a 3 B a H L i e ~ ~ K T P UMM6ZIKTpMfiUeB COOTBeTCTBOBanO H a 3 B a -
6 a ~ ~ p r l f i u a h l kCaMLIA
i pBllHMX B p e M e l 1 IiMeeTCR B B M n y U a p C T B O 3 0 p o a c T p a , HMm B s t r i - (c s a p ~ a ~ r a ~ iyi n) o, ~ p e 6 n ~ n m e M ~ y~ Cc T~ H ~ II iMa c e n e H i f e h i
3aTCM ,,Hapon", ~ ~ O T M B O C T O R UK
MM~ p y , CaTparIMR MnM YaCTb T ~ K O B OB ~ E a K T p M i i M COCenHMMli I ~ p ~ O R 3 h T ~ I f b l hHlal Pl O n a M M B T e X C J I y q a R X , K O r n a B
O nB e, ~ c a f f n p a C
rocynapcTsax A X ~ ~ ? ~ H M AA , e n e ~ ~ ~ nuapcreo, on, octrosall- 8HTMYHLIX MCTOYHMKaX r O B O P U n O C b 0 ~ ~ K ~ . P M ~ ~ C K
H aOp .oM
n e , npOTliBOCT0-
H o e r p e K a h l l 1 , OTilaBllDihqM OT C ~ , ~ ~ B K ~H~, lA
I a lO
< OBH e. U , U a p C T B O . OCHOBaH- R B U I e M K M p y , 0 6 a K T p M f i c K o k C a T p a n M H I i n M YaCTM T ~ K O B OB ~r O C j ' a a p C T -
Hoe c~ii@ahin. sax A X e ~ e ~ l i 2Aneticawnpa,
0 ~ ~ C e n e ~ t i ~ o~ oE ~ K
, T P L ~ ~ ~uapcrse,
CKOM
I.lh.reno nx ~ a 3 s a 1 1 ~ 1 F aet i r p i i r i H 6 a ~ ~ p r i f i T u ac K~ x e ~ T I I O I ~ J I ~ T ~ P H O ~ OCHOBaWIIOM F P e K Z M P i , 0TIIaBIlIMMI.I OT C ~ J I ~ B K M ~ OI<a1ilfHaR
B. C IlOXOfiOB
c o n e p x a ~ r ~ eH?e ~ o T o p b l el i c c n e ; r o u a T e n l i , r I p e r m y l q e c r n e r r H o a p x e o ; l o r M , A n e ~ c a ~ n pPia OClIOBaHliR r p e Y e C K M X K O J I O H M ~aHTMYHOe
~ Nd3BaHMC ~ B K T -
p e l l l l I T e n b H 0 y T B C p X f i a I O T , qTO ~ ~ K T P M-R 3 T 0 C T p a H a no 0 6 0 1 i ~6epera.v PITH, o Y e n l i a H o , M c a M o 6 b 1 n o B xony cpenli r p e q e c K o r o HaceneHiiR 3~0fi
A ~ y n a p b MO , x B a T L r n a m w a n 6 a c c e G i i cpenaero ee T e l i e r u z R . I I p i r q e ~ orrpene- CTPaHbl. K WPCTB)' 3 0 p o a c T p a Iia3naIII?R , , F a ~ r p r r ~M", ~ ~ ~ K T ~ M npM-
~ ~ u L I "
.7?11HO l i h ? e m T B B1inJf n O n Fa~rprreii3 T I I O K Y J i b T y p I f ~ l O0 6 L t l t i 0 ~ l b ( 0 ~ 0 6 ~ ~ - MeHRnMcb p e l - ! ~ o c n e ~ r r i n r r oC
. o ~ p e h r e r r ~ r br er o~ r p a @ i v r e c t i ~ h rr r a s ~ a r i i i e n r :
130 & , R K O ~ ~ O B hI.hl., 19.54, c . 1 2 3 ; C T ~ B M C K M ~ ~1977, c.36-41). K CO-
6.8., YaCTMYIfO COOTBC!TCTBOBaBIlliih~l 3TOMY U a p C T B y , - H a C K O X h K O I i O C J I e W e e
X a n e H M r o , C ~ O ; ~ ; I ~ O Cc T aM~ o r o C o a e p x a H i i R n o I i R T i i x , i 5 a ~ ~ p i i xM" ero npe- ~ 0 0 % u l eCOOTBeTCTBOBUIO P e a J i b I f O C T l i , - RBJIRJIOCb, ~ 0 3 h l 0 ~ ~ 0 , A r y ~ i l % n
l i h T y w e C T B e H H 0 I I o T ~ c ~ a p ~ bXl af pi a K T e p 3TM M C C J i e n O B a T e ~ l l llie y Y k l T b I B a m T . ~ai&h- ( ~ ~ E H K OM.B.,
B 1979, c.203). K UapCTBy, OCliOBaHHOMy cKii@2-
OIIM,6 e s y c n o s t r 0 , n p a B b 1 B T o a t , YTO 6 a c c e G ~ iC p e x ~ e i iA h l y u a p b l i , n p M - no Tpa.lli-
hfM, H a 3 B a H M R , , F a ~ r p r i R " It , , 6 2 K T p M f i ~ b l " I7pIlhleHRXliCb JlliUIh
r\lepFIO ~ 0 0 ~ ~ e ~ c T ~ ) ' ~ i I J . l A
li@
i f ir a ~ n - T a m t t ~ c t i oB %
n a n l i H e , B O E p e M E i l a 6b1- W M .K o H ~ ~ ~BHcpene
o , M e c r i i o r o M I - p e q e c ~ o r oH a c e n e r l r i x Fa~rprlrrr ~ p z x -
TOBaHIlR MMeHM , , ~ ~ K T P M R-
" K a K 11 B 6onee I I O 3 n H e e Bp?>?R, a T a K X e , no Hee Ha3BalIMe n O J I X H 0 6 6 ~ 1 0C O X p a H R T b C R B TeYefIMe K a K O T O - T O B p e M e H i i 1%
~ c e kBMAIII\IOCTM, B 6onee p a H t r e e - r r p c Z c T a B n x n co6oG ~ T I I O K ~ J I ~ T ~ P H O ~ nocne nprixona CKHI+OB, a y s a n a a ~ ~ lri xp a H u e s OHO y n e p i h ' I i B a . r i o c b > K a K
e n M H c T B o ( c p . B e r n a r d P ., Francfort 1-1. -P., 1978; c.60.59). Ho 6eccnop- yite o T M e q a n o c b , e B Irl B . H . ~ . . HO B r o c n o n c T B y m w e h t n L i a n e K T e . n p m e -
Hero o T B e T a H a B o n p o c o TOM, r i h : e ~ r o u a r r o cnx ~ TO ei-iiiiicruo I ; a ~ ~ p a e1%
fi CeHHOA? cKli@a>lrl, Ha3BatIEle rOpORa EaKTp ilpeBpXlCl0Cb B ,.Fanx",
~ ~ K T ~ M ~ L @MCTOWHKI.1M M , H e ZBIOT. XOTR l I e p B O H a ~ & 7 L l f a R TOFIO- M ,qaXe C T p a H a , I I p M M e p H O COOTBeTCTBj'lOrriaR !%~KT~P~H
B , IIOTeCTapHOM CMblC.7e
r & i E p O H U h ? M q e C K a R C y U H O C T b H a 3 B a H I I R 6 a 1 c T p M r i ki ~ ~ K T ~ K % B
u P~i nB
l i M, O , C T a n a MMeHOBaTbCE K y m a ~ c h - MU~a p C T B O M , -K I V & X ~ ~ ~ T ( K y ~ ~ l a ~ ~ ~ l a x p )
n p e n R T C T B O B a n a y n o ~ p e 6 ! r e ~ l ~ rCnr O B C O ~ C T B ~ H H 3THINeCKO:.f
O CMbIC.iie, !' 3 a n a n H b I X MpaHXeB, - a B 3THMYeCKOhl C M b I C D e MMeHOBaJ13Cb CHaYaXa,
COBePILIeHHO MCKXlOYaTb B 0 3 M O X H O C T b T a K O r O y n o ~ p e 6 n e ~ K~OxH;e W O , BEinrrMo? *TuxZra , ~ ~ T ~ M T U X % S ~ T( ~Tomaschek ~ \\'.: 1. 1877.
HeJlL3R. OjJ,HaK0 K PeLLIeHMM B O n p O C 3 M O X H O I I o z ~ f i rl i~C npyr0fi CIO?OiibI: c.55,56). 5.8. C ~ a B ~ c K & infp ia B M J I b H 0 OTMeTMJI, YTO B K)'IL~~HcI\'IIGl l ? p L 1 9 ~
8ie connanana n I i B ~ e p p 1 i ~ o p ~ a ; l 6 ~ 0 . 1 1a c n e m e 5 a ~ r p mo.' y z y ~ o ino npiipon- H 2 3 B a H r r E , : S ~ K T ~r iI, ~
, 6 aR
~ T"p l I G l i ; i " c - j ' m e c ~ ~ o z a . r i r i c;cope?
, aiero, j r i i i u ~
B ~ H T M P H OTpa31!UilM
~~ ( C T ~ B I . ~ C K IS.R., ? ~ ~ 1977, ~ . 3 3 , 4 1 ) .C C b r n K a Xe er0 B
'3TOT T e P M l M MLI 3 8 l i M C T B y e M W 3 K K U T > T : ~ P O K ~ IB.B.,C ~ ~ 197j, C . ~ ~ , H6Oe p e ~ 3 a ~ f f o f CBR3M
i H a ~ T O I I C M ~ Ry, I I O M M H a B L U e r 0 0 C T p a H e 6 a K T p M a ~ e HO
, He 0
HB c e 6 ~CMCTiOCTL B Y q O K 3 M e H I i T b er0 C > f b I L 7 . H ~ M K a X C T C R , -0 OH O q e H b y n o B e ~B HapoAe 6a:-~pxiiuee,H a H a m ~ a r n x nH, e o n e a b n o ~ a s a ~ e n ~Os 6au. r a ~K a p -
K a v e c r e e o6uero o n p e a e n e H I i x nna nroBoro ,,comrmmoro o p r a ~ w 3 ~ a ,mu
" ero q a c - r o r p a @ a s e c ~cax~e M a C p e ~ ~ i eA3mi
fi y R r o n e ~ ea~ metre , c ~ e i 1.ri ~ a 3 -
TH, nioGoii K ~ Y I I K O I ? o ~ I ~ H M ~ o B ~ HOo~IL"L D ~ I O C T Unronefi R p e B i l e f O MMpB, 6 y n b TO
BaHMe B a ~ i p l d BOCXOAHT
, K 3 p a T o c @ e H y . C I I H C O K Xe L'Ieh?eH E ~ K T ~ H -
R o K n a c c o B o e mn K n a c c o B o e oGruccr~o,n o n m l i q e c K a a m u z n r . i m u c T p a T u B H u e n u -
HlrUa. B T a K O M C M b l C n e M b I R y n o ~ p e 6 3 l i e3 Z~ e C b 3TOT T e p M l M . awLr I l r o n e h f e ~- pa3rtopon~oron p o w c x o W e H m , 130 xjlpo ero. B 0 3 M O X -
H O , ewe c T a p r u e spervremi 3 p a ~ o c @ e ~Canpyroii
. c r o p o a b i , OpIirJiHaJIbHbIe
C O O ~ ~ U ~ H 0H X
6 a ~ T p ~ f i U aBx CBR3M C COBI)eh?eHHblMM C O ~ ~ ~ T M R M
R CI TI p e -
VSNJTCR M nocne I I r o n e ~ e x .
I5
 rOPbl KAK PYSEXLI

PIili.
n p e , Q ~ T a ~ . r l 2 H M f0f rpaHMUaX KaK rOpaX M peKaX, pa3YMe€TCR, 6blnM
TecHefiLLIliM 06pa30M CBR3aHbI C ~ p ~ r ~ ~ p ~ r CXehlaMA,
p a ~ i KOTO-
i ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i
phle ~ ~ 1 p a 6 a ~ t , r ~ aBn a~ i~c ~
b ~ wreorpa@i.i~.
o i i 910 KacaeTcn ~ ~ K T ~ I TO
I M ,
6~111xaiiu1ee
OrHOiuCHkie K npe4CTaBnCtiilRhl 0 C e rpaHKUaX MhiC'MT ABe Ta-
Klie CXehlbI. G ~ t i a~3 H I ~ XnpiiHannexMT BpeMeriM ;lo n O X O n O B A n e ~ c a ~ n p a
h l a l i e a o t r c ~ o r o .O T I \ I ~ T IB~ M
~ e i cnenymmiiii
i MoMeHT:c r o p b ~napriacc -re-
qe-r peiia A p a ~ c a, or H e e oTneslBeTcs B rime pyKasa T ~ H ~ (Aristot MC ., Hace:rRmilllix 06nacrb ,,noan (uiid) Pax,
A ~ o ~ l i c a rfOi B O p M T 0 6 a K T

h.jep, I:13, 15, 16). A p y r a ~Hayma c o 3 ; l a e a ~ b cBO ~ B p e ~ e H anoxonon CKiIOIIaMli IIap~eca (nap~acca)
A ! ~ e ~ c a ~ nktp anpononxma p a 3 p a 6 a ~ b r s a ~ bnco~3 n ~ e e ,a B orcotiqa-renb- @er ., 737). B COOTBeTCTByM~KX
iioht Bllne c @ o p ~ y n l i p o ~ a a3a p a ~ o c $ e ~ o h 4(cp. Strabo , X r , 8,8 h!eCTaX naTkftiCKliX IIepeBOfiOB &i0-
~Eratosth ., f r . ili 8, 63, Berger ) . C ~ M CylUeCTBeHHOe
O ~ n H e i i B naHl10fi HIICEIR, ClenaHHbIX A B H ~ H OliMnpM-
C B R ~ M :c ropbI I I a p o n a k r ~ c ,xnu K a ~ ~ a TeKyr
3 , rise peKli, onria ~3 KOTO- c u a a ~ o h f ,c o o 6 u a e ~ c xcnenymmee:
pbX - OKC,a ZpyraR cHaqana 6b1na n p m ~ a 3a ~ aT a ~ a u ca, IIOTOM cTana Hapon ,,npl%KpbIBaeT-
6UST~kifi~Kbik
IIhleHORaTbCR B K C ~ ~ T HeM~T~MTe.qbll0,
OM. Ii ~ P H ~ C C M ,~ ~ ~ O I I ~ MMnIi
H C , CR (tegitur ) cKarraMM n a p a a c c ~ o -
K a ~ K a 3M, A P ~ K CM, OKC,M T ~ H ~BbIClynaMT MC B ~ H T H W OJIli~epaTypHok
~ ro xpe6ra" - y ABH~H~
Tpa,QHUMM B Ka'leCTBe py6exteii 6aKTpIiIi. (Descr., 914) ; 6 a ~ ~ p BnanemT
b 1
P a c c h t a r p u ~ aaanllnl,ble
~ upenc-ranne!::lx o py6exax S ~ K T ~
~ b~1 I6 M
y- , ~ I l ( prODe
3 e ~ n ~,,6.1~3 ) rOpbi
ZeM CneuMaJILHO OCTdHZBnllBaIbCR nliLLIb H a TZX C O G ~ I ~ ~ H I : R X
K ,O T O p b I e ~lapiiccca" - y IIp~qcuila~a
RpexCTaBJIRIoT co6ofi CahlOCTORTe.rlbHbIeTZMbI, lih1eK)LLIl:~IlpRMOe OTHOIiIe- (Per ., 716).
Hlie K HaIIIeMy BOnpOCy. Bce OCTanbHbIe AaHHbIe, B TOM 'iEiCJIe yKa3aHkiR, TO C O O ~ U ~ H MOTHOCRUeeCSi
~,
c o a e p ~ a m i e c RB p a c c ~ a 3 a xo noxoaax, B OnMcaHuxx n y ~ e j iM T.n., K I I ~ ~ R o 1u13 YKa3aHHbIX O p O r H n -
6 y ~ e h 1IIpKBJIeKaTb JlMLLIb B CJIyYae H ~ O ~ X O ~ ~ ~ M EJIR
O C THUC T O ~ K O B ~ H H X p o r p a + ~ s e c ~ u xcxeM, BOCXO~T
BMeCTe C ~ e Kk nyre-
KaKOMY-TO
iueCTBeHH5iKy noxonon
3nOXH RO PUC.2. E ~ ~ ~ p i (iPeL~X iL ~B ~nepce-
I
Ane~ca~nM
p a~ K ~ A O H C K OB ~3T
OO.M none, ?'I - Y Ba. i1.j t ~ s . )

17
 6 e x , B o6qeh5, c0Bnanae-r c rpariwueii I j a ~ ~ p i i aco ~ icb~~ p a ~ naponatrw-
ok
TTeIIIeCTBeHHMKe, no HaIUeMy AfHeNLIm, M O X H O npeAn0,lOXMTb . & M O K ~ H - canoB ( o r 1110 n o 119030'(Ceogr., Y1, 11, I ) . Ha s a n a n ~ oysacTKe ~
Ta. O~apaKTepM30~aTb nOXOXeHlie CTpalrbl 6aKTpMkueB TaK MOr YenOBeK, rPaHMUbI ~ ~ K T P M ~ OTnenRBIUeM
H ~ I , ee OT Apurr I i npOTEHyBILIeMCR BCerO
n p o m e n m i l qepes ropHbre npoxozbr r m a y ~ y m acoenMirRsmue
, Ea~~purn Ha 2On0 LUMPOTe (OT 1 0 9 ~ I~l l00 ) ( 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 10, I ) , r0pbl B O -
c Mmeii. o 6 u e He orMeqenbi. K BOCTOKY OT naponatieca pacnonoxetrbi , , C O ~ C T B ~ H -
YTO ~ Y ~ ~ X~ O~ MK T ~B M 3TYU 3nOXy ~ ~ ~ C T B H T ~ RBnRnCR
J I ~ H O rMHAJ'- HO K ~ B K ~ ~ ropb~", C K M oraeirxsmwe
~ Corn~iawyOT Mrrarr~ (Geogr ., Y 1,
KYW,-IIOnTBep)lCI[aeTCRM ApyrMMM M C T O W M K a h ? H . T ~ KB, nepe'4HRX y r e p 0 - 12, 1 ) . f l o n r o r ~ aBeTBb
~ ~ T M Xx e rop, a He MHA,CJIYXMT 3anaarrbi~npene-
nOTa Ha3BaHbl IlapRny C 6aKTpwiiuaMM M OTnenbHO 01 HMX HapOEbl, 3aHM- no^ MHWM (Geogr ., Y 1, 18,1 ) .
M a r u n e Bce 3 a ~ w w y ~ y m b ecar~aranbr,
: ratinapaw, nannrcri M anapw- I I p e n c ~ a ~ n e ~o uIIaponohirrce,
e rinM K a e ~ a s e KaK
, py6ex.e G ~ K T ~ M M
Tbl ( u , 9 1). B aXeMeHMACKMX HanllMCRX, TaKXe HapRm C EaKTpMek, yn0- OTHOCMTCR KO B T O ~ O113 ~ ~Y K ~ ~ ~ H H LoI pXo r ~ n p o r p a @ ~ . ~ ~ ecxeM,
c ~ r ? sr.e.
M1iHafOTCR COOTBeTCTBYIOU(lle 3TMM IIapOnaM CTpatibi: CaTTarMLLFiff M raH- cxeMe, sb1pa6o~atrtioii3 p a ~ o c 4 e ~ K o ~HeMy,
. B KotiewioM csere, u BOC.
uapa, oToxtcnecTsneiiHaE B Hanmcfix c I I a p o n a ~ ~ i c a n a h ~ > i . X0,QRT paCCMoTpeHHhIe 3ZeC6 c o o 6 q e ~ ~ 0 xIlaponaMMce, XOTR, pa3YMCeT-
CR,npencTannetim 3 p a ~ o c 4 e i r aB nepenase C ~ p a 6 o ~M a0 ~ 0 6 I ~I ~ o~n e~- 0
Men npeTepnenli onpeAeneHltble Ji3MeHeHMR.
CaM 3 p a ~ o c r p eu~EatrrioM cnysae, KaK 11 no x r ~ o i - ~~i xp y r ~ roxi ,l ~ p a n -
I l ~ i n ~ t r iroBopsT,
i r r o 6aKTp~lfi~Klifi Hapon s a ~ r ~ ~ ,,nporunono-
aer C E R B H O ~a U ~ B ~ C T MIICTOPIIKOB
R Aneucarinpa. Ilpencranrrei~irco napona-
XOXHYM CTOPOHY (aversa ) ropbr rIaponairrrc nporIiB r r c r o ~ o nI ? ~ n a " allice KaK py6cxr 6 a ~ ~ p I l OCHOEaliOl4 Ha paccica32 0 nepzxorrc A n z ~ c a ~ r r -
(N [ I . , Y1, 48). C T ~ ~ ~IIpZMO O H , CCblnafiCb Ha 3pa'i-oc@eHa,c006LUaeT 0 pa sepe3 napona.hi&fc,M!IR Kanrca3: nepeeajIwn yepcs 31k'ropb1, oii nonanan
TOM x e , HO 6onee nonpo6ao: ,;60nb~~faR yacrb'' (nXgov) 6 a ~ T p ~ e,,pac-
B ri3 crpaHbr naponaalricanoB n 6 a ~ r p m (itrriari o .?r\:lah .: lli. 28. 4; 29, I ;
nonaraeTcR nnonb" ( napmeib8a~ ) n a p o n a ~ r r c a ,M numb ~a we6onb- Curt ., Yn,3, 22,23; 4, 22-25;Diod ., XYTl, 82. ! , 3 ; Strabo , X x 1,26;
m0M IlpOcTpatICTBe OHM npOTllBOneXaT MIUMM (X1,8,8=Eratos th ., 2, 9, lo), xnii riao6opo-r ( Arrian .; Anab, 13;,22,1; Strabo XY, 1, 2 6 ) .
fr . 111 8,63,Berger ) ; I j a ~ ~ p ~ pacnonoxeaa
ra~a Bnonb A p m M c r p m b ~ Oqesamro, nepenanbr r a i ~ ) , ~ y u rrr acirenyeT paccMarpneaTb ualc rrenoc-
naponaMr?caaorj, K ceBepy OT HHX (XY, 2, 9 r ~ r a t o s t h.. ,fr . lil B,23, PeACTBeHHbIe rpatiMU,LI 6aKTplili. T a ~ o en0JIOXeHlie COOTBeTCTByeT M ne-
Berger ) . n p e n c ~ a ~ n e3 ~p an~~o c + e ~ aHacKonbKo
, OHM nepenaHbI C ~ p a -
pewnhr CTPBH, OTHOCIIUIIMCR K O Bpeixeali nocne noxonos i l ~ e ~ c a i i n p a .
~OF~O 09'?BML&IO,
M, M O X H O BOCCTaIiOBMTb TaK: BXHbIM p y 6 e x o ~ E;~KTPEIH H a p ~ n yc I j a ~ ~ p ~ne irrxx r o6biwo @iirypripyror riapo~rsai;icax~l. IlpaB-
RnmeTcR ropa I l a p o n a ~ ~ cHO, roman rpaHsiua E a h - ~ p u unpocrupaeTca na, 3 n a a a , n e p e c ~ a 3 b r u a3nri30,~x
~ 113 noxoaa A n e ~ c a ~ n p a O ,T H O C M M L I ~
3a npenenbr Hapona~wca; K 3anany o r Hero -310 . irpaHwua c Apueii, K
BCeMM npyrw.%I? aaTopawr K crpaHe naponaxlricanoB, no.iieiuaer ero n
BOCTOKY r C M ~ m e i i .napona>txc, oseaunHo? 6b1n rpatrrrueii E ~ K T P U E I
6aKTpMaHy (V.fI.,m, 3 7 ) , H O 310, BIiUMhIO, b!OXHO O ~ L R C H U TUPOCTO ~
m m b co c r p a ~ o i inaponaMucanoB (cp. Xy, 2; 9-Eratos.th .,fr . Ir! B, H e o ' p e i ~ H ~ ~3.qPiaHa
~ b m MnPl er0 IlcTOWllxa.
23, Berger ) . I l p ~TOM sanarr~oiir p a ~ e u e i iM ~ n m rCsllTaXaC6 peKa MK? B aHTMWbIS &iCTC!qIlI!KaX, KpOMe TGTO, BbICTynaeT eIUe tJJJi0 npe,CICTaB-
(Strabo , XY, 1, 1O:Sratosth .> fr . IrI B, 6 , Rerger: Artian - ., .Anah.. i;cii&ie o ro;K!roal pj'6eise i;si;~piiii, 1ipicHaAnexaluec aeiisiax;; CGTlraCHO
y , 6 , 3; 111d .; u , 2=Eratos,th .> f r . B, 9: Berger ) : TeKywax Ha ror ~ o r o p o ~E ya ~ ~ p r r anpr!r\ls:~ae~
~a K K a n ~ a s yc cenepa I!al?porris J?dmu
c I.GPEI IIaponahmc, u.m K a s ~ a 3(Strabo , XS', 1, 1 3 s E r a t o s t h ., fr . (B BbICKa3bIBaHIlRX C T P ~ ~ O H 1, n, ~ ,17, 18, liCIIO;Ib30B2BUIe~OMaTepMan
U B, 12, Berger ;Arrian ': ., Y, 4, 1 =IEratosth.,, fr. 111 B, 13, Berger ) . HeIiMaxa, cp. H, 1, 17=Deimzc;cl1., fr. 2c) J e w ~ a x n a x e npoTExeHHocTb
H e c ~ o n a K o mase ~ p r n q - e rm m a r k py6ex E a ~ ~ p un n~ o n e ~ e i i . Mmmi c mra Ha cesep ~ 3 ~ e p n oe rr ~ X H ~ I ee X npenenoB no ,,ropHoro
~ X H ~rpaHUUa R E ~ K T ~ Iy~ Her0~ H ITOYTU
~ I Ha BCeM IIPOTRXeHUM UneT npoxona (;n6pB&cc ) K ~ ~ K T ~ I ? xn%c0rnrraa.u" ? 113 M w a a , y ~ o ~ o p o r o
BnOJI6 CeBepHbIX CKnOHOB I'Opbl n a p o n a ~ l i c ,paCTRH)'BUIUXCEI Ha 8 :' IT0 5r pacnonomeHa E a ~ r p u z a a (Strabo , TI, 1, 14=Deimach ., fr . 2 b; cp.
m i p o r e (or 111°30' no 119O30') (Geop ., Y1, 11, 5; 17, 1). TOT py-
Strabo , 11, I , 14 o r o p l r o h i ripoxone B MEI~MIO)M
. I I ~ I M Mc n o s a ~ u , K a ~ ~ a 3
3 J l e C b RBJlBeTCR I O X l l b l M 11pene.TObi ~ ~ K T P M M
OT, neJlRlOUIHM ee HenOCpen-
maw,: ~ o f iTPB,QMWM, K O T O ~ O 3~, ~~ e c b n p l i r [ e p x m a e T c n I l r o n e h f ~ . i i ,it
B
BOCXO~RT, BbiecTe c ~ T U Mn p e x c T a B n e H u e M , K M C T O Y H M K ~ 0, 6 u e ~ 1 .i L l R
CTBeliHO OT MHDMM.
T O ~ X ~ C T IJIM
~ ~TO
~ I1 II pIe nOc T a n i I e H M e no cnoeMy peanblioMv conep- n ~ o n e u e T~~, ~ M H MM RC~paGolra.
x a H M r o p a c c x l o r p c u l r o h l y p a i r e e , MJIM n o n p a 3 y h i e ~ a ei r~e q r o mroe? 3paro- Y n r o n e ~ e xM a p r ~ a i 3 a n o s T l 1 B C R O K p y x e t I a r o p a M M ( l > e o g r . . ? j .
c@ell, K O I O ~ ~ I M6 ~ 1 3~ H1a K O h l C COqMlleHMehl H c l Z h i a x a , n O H l l n e r O E a H H b l e : 10; 1). Y ~ ~ U H U0113 R ,, 3 a K n K ) Y e H a B n p e K p a C t f b l X r O p a X O K P y X H O C l b K )
B 1500 ~ T a ~ l l e B (" N-H. y l , 46). O ~ I I I M MCTOYHHKOM
M 3TMX ~ 0 0 6 1 1 i 2 -
K a X C T C R , BU BTO[)Ohl C M b l C j l e . I l b l T d R C b I1X COBMeCTl1Tb C LlakllibIMU MCTO-
H U G B p R a nM 6blJ1M ~ o J I M ~MnM U ~ ~~ M I I O T ~ T H Y,,H HCTOYHMK
~ ~ ~ Tpora" ,
p w o n A n e ~ c a r m p a .Ero y r B c p x n e u r r e , YTO ~ ~ K T P MH aR ore rpaHulwT ~a
H C K O T O P O ~ I n p o T n x e i i u u K B O C T O K ~OT n a p o n a h r u c a c M ~ ~ k i e iorc,r i o B a r r o , M OYeHb COMHMTeJ1hkI0, YTO npe,LlCTaBneHMe 0 MaprMaHCKMX T O p X O T p -

112 I13BCCTMRX n e l i ~ 3 X a . n e f i ~ ~ B l i ~ e : l bXe ~ hl lfa x r O B O p U n 0 T O h l

~ ~n ~e M
j l ( a ~ i o K L K M ~ - T Op e a ~ ~ rbl o ~n u ~T u~q eec K u e ycnosux, B p e 3 y n b r a ~ e~ o ~ o p h i s

;ite K a s ~ a x i,i n u .1aporrahiitce. M o x

T ~ X e npoxonax qepe3 Hero? o KOTO-
no rop (cp. Kiesslinp
T e p p M T O p U R M a p r u a r r b i v p e 3 u b l v a Q ~ op a c m i p w n a c b -

A ~n Ie ~ c a i f n p a Aeno
~ L I XC O O ~ L U ~ J IMMC T O ~ I ~ K . B TOM, lira so spehietia Ane- 1914, C T ~ 494,
. 495; Tarn W . W . , l ? j l , c. 8 8 - 9 0 ) . 0 6 r n r z ~XOTE
. w kre k r e i l o ~
CpegCTBeHHLlhl, UCTOqHMKOM 3 a e C b 6 b 1 n Anonnonop, a M3BeCTMC 0 M a p i x -
~ c a i i j r p a n a p o n a ~ ~ i c a n bRr B I I H . T ~ ~ O
CT M r i n ~ u0 6 n a c ~ b r 0 , a K
~ , T ~ J I I , H O ~O~T
a F i c i c w s ropas n o i r s v , , q , o c b > c K o p e c B c e r o , B c n e n c T B u e HeRCli'3CTM M3j10-
TOhl)' BPt'XICIIM, K O T i l a n e k i a l a ~6b1!1 IlOCJIaH C ~ J I ~ B K16 O K~a Iq e C T B e n 0 C n a
Xe, y CTpa6oHa. CTpa6oli.
i \ h l i l ~ p o X a n ) ~( Strabo , n, 1: 9 ) . n a p o n a h r u c a n b i
X e H U f i :vr I i O i n e , l K e r O n p k l h f e p l i o TaKOI.0 KaK
K ~ l t i i i i i i l c ~ o >uapm
~y
BMCCTe C i l t . K O T O p l ~ l ~ l M ,!lpyr>ihlIl ~ ~ ~ ~ C T R O TMn a H l i, b l e C ~ J ~ ~ B C Ka OH nM- n e p e n a e a f l cnosa A n o : l n u ; r o p a , x a p a ~ ~ e p w 3 y eApwmr H Mapi-uatry s ~ e z - i e
I! OT,hi?qaeT, 4 1 3 3 i U CTp.'~lI,l OKP)'";?t{LI r O p a h f M ( X 1, 10. 1 ) . XOTR 3i2
~OKOTT);, npe;rwecrneiifruh-y A.wii~poxana ( Strabo , XY, 1: 10; 2, 9 ) ,
X a p a K T e p M C T M K Z OTIiOCltTCR, ti C)lLiIHOCTli, JlMillb K A p n ~ HO , CC M O X H O
CYMTa!lliCL y x e v a c r b m MHIIIM ( c p . P l i n ., N.H .; Y 1, 7Sj.
E O H E T ~T a K . Y T O OH^ B K E E O Y ~ M~ TM a p r u a ~ y K . TOMY x e y I I x i i ~ ~ i fMi a p r i c -
B ~ H T ~ ~ Y Hr pOa n~r ?Iw u l w 6 a ~ r p l l f l@ a r p p a p y e ~T a K m e c p e n M c T p a a , p a c -
a e c K r ! s rop K a i s e r i f i . c y . 3 ~no y ~ a 3 a 1 1 u mH a ,Znkikiy u s O K ~ ) / X H O C T ~ <iI.
n 0 n o x e i i H b l . u B;IOXb C e B e p H b i X CK.'ToHOB Taspa (Strabo , n,1, 14; 5, 31 ;
coo6rirexr:e Anoa;~o.zopa o e l - e ~ eB O K I ) ~h ~l a p r ~ a t r ~ n~ ol ,c ~ p o e ~ t l o f.-\tiil:-
i
);l, 8,1 , Chl.: Ruge W .; 1934, C T ~ 44). XOTRh l H e H M e 0 T a K O h l h I e C T O n O n 0 - O X O ~ Zr ( Sfrabo. X1: !0, 3).
.
XeHMM 6 a K T p M M B b I C K a 3 b I B a X l i , B l m l I M O , M H O r M e a B T O p b 1 , B O C X O n K T O H 0
BCe Xe I< 3 p a T o c @ e H y , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l Ifi M
i ?HOBaJl T ~ B ~ rOo pM
~ b l f ix p e 6 e ~ nepe-
,
c e ~ a ~ ~ ~B l w i li ~i p o ~ i r o ht ii a n p a s n e w i r ? B C A31110
~ M B K ~ I O Y ~ B U I BH ~c e 6 ~
n a p o n a ~ r i c M K a ~ ~ a 3llpescra~ne~ixie
. o T a p e K a K KIXIIOM py6eme
~ B K T P M WH e nPOTMBOpeYl?T. C ? e R O B a T e J I b H O , I I p e n C T a B J I e H l i h l 0 TOG Xe P O -
EM napor~amica,in^ K a n ~ a s a . P E K H KKAK PY6EK!/i.

K~OM"::~?~YHLI\rop, tiz K a p T 2 n r o n e ~ e n@ l l r y p r : p y e ~ B h - a ~ e c r ~ e
py6ema 6 a K T p j i a H b I ewe O u H a . 6 e 3 b l h l ~ H ~ a .R, r O p H a f f c T p a H 2 " (&p€rvrj ) ,
no ~ o r o p o f inpoxonjir rpamiua c h l a p r ~ a ~ o Bi in n o T b no O ~ c a(Geogr .,
Y1, 10, 1). B U C T O W l l t < e n T 0 3 e ~ e f f 3 T a r O p H a R M e C T H O C T b , B I I R U M O , yn0-
hiiiIIanacb B OnucaHIm h f a p r l i a ~ b ~ a , H e E ~ K T ~ MHe ~ Hcnysail~o
~I. M y cahio-
ro n r o n e ~ eo ~~ e i Mi n e T pesa r o n b ~ Bo C O O ~ ~ ~ Ho Ar pMa H m l a x M a p r M a H b 1 .
C~pa6o~ it aKannuc@e~a,
c c.b I n a x c b H a r e p c ~ o ~ C O O ~ U ~06 ~ TA p a ~ c e
~ a w l i b ~0 e H e G FiBJIRMTCff '!aCTbm 0 6 ~ 1 I~ R C T a B n e H E i X 0 py6emax Map-
I p e0
,.[T~~oJoT] 1 O B O P l I T , YTO OH / h p a K 3 , B b I T e K a R M3 r 0 6 ~ 1 a c ~ l f i :
CXeIytoLLIee:
20
MaTMeIfOB, BeTBIiTCII Ila CopOK peK M pa3AenReT CKW+OB I i ~ ~ K T P M ~ 3a HOB;
PO,Tbl C K I ~ + M M KOTOPblX
, OCpaHliY1iBaCT JIeARHOM 6e3atioii E ~ K TM Lo6mlip- ~
:!I~M [ ~ e ~ o n o r o me ~ , ~nocnenosan K a ~ l n ~ c + e ~(rX " I , 14, 13 =Callisth .,
HLIMM ZeCaMH r ~ p ~ a i 1 1 i R("DC bello CIV ., u, 266-268). B AP)'rOM MeC-
fr. 35).
re n y ~ a r ynoMrmaer
l o ,,xunonHoM A p a ~ c e "( D e bello civ .. YIII, 4 3 1 ) .
nastro yXe IIpM3HaH0, YTO BCR 373. UMTaTa BOCXORMT K Kanrrric@e~y,M ~IOXHO n o n a r a n , w o B IIO3TMqeCKOM R3bIKe n y ~ a r i a ,,nenHrraR 6 e 3 u ~ a
TOnbKO 11epe3 e r o nocpencrBo npmeneHL1 namble r e p o n o ~ ac o c c ~ m ~ o f i A p a ~ c y " .B ~ e c r ec chi TO BblpameHMe
. 6 a ~ r p "~ ~ B I I O ~ H,,xonoDHoMy
~ Y H ~
rra nocneaHero, M YTO B WTaTe nonyweHa HeTowocTb: ~a caMoM nene o pa3- COnepXMT HaMeK Ira TO, YTO A p a ~ RBnReTcR c n0rpaHMY~0fipeK0fi 6 3 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 1 .
j e n e ~ n r ?A p a ~ c o h iC K M + O B H 6 a ~ r p l i i i ~ ~Keaen n x c + e ~ roBopen OT c e 6 ~ .Cnenosaren~no,M n y ~ a r l y~ H ~ K O MnpencTaBneHwc O 0 6 A p a ~ c eKaK peKe,
( 3 ~ 0 r 0y r e p o n o ~ aH ~ T, a) y r e p o n o ~ a3aMMCTBOBan TOJILKO c006u~ei1ne0 6 pasaenxmme2 CKM@OB 11 6 a ~ ~ p ~ f i u e ~ .
~ c r o h - eM C O I ) O K ~pyKaBax A p a ~ c a(Herod ., 1, 202) (Herrmann A., 1 914, K ~ KMcronKoBaTL y~a3arrueK a n m c @ e ~ aIra A p a ~ c py6ex hiemny -

c.1 !; J u n ~ eJ ., 1939, c.51, n p ~ M . 5 ;~ R H K O M.B., B 19753, c.52). 6aKTplifi~ahlMM C K M @ B MM P ~o?x e ~~ I , I T L

~annr?c@eri
, Mhfe.2B BIiAJr n0Ll CKIi-
T e c ~ i oCRR3aiiO C 310fi 1 e ~ 0 f ci o o 6 ~ u e & ~ ~O e ~ I I ~ CKMORT, O ~ ~ , I ~ ~ , ~ I I O M R - MaccareloB, 0 6 l i ~ a m r r r ~ 3a x A p a ~ c o h l ? ( hlarknart J , I , 1946,
H ~ o B 6 a ~ r p a sM ~ C ~ K ~ ~ H R X , ,,Ha B O C T O K o r wix ( ;oGc 66'
npononxaer: c.127) HO y rep0n0Ta 3Tli AlaCCareTbI 3a ApaKcohi XlfByT IianpOTHB IiC-
P E T ' au'r0Xi 7 7 ~ 6 ~ ) , IIO Ty CTOpOHy ( n i p r p ) W M H O r O A p a ~ c a XMByT , cenoaoB ( I , 2 0 1 ) , a Ere 6 s ~ ~ p ~ k uree np o. n o ~TaKHte r r o n p a 3 y ~ e ~ acne- e~,
r " 739,740). B naT1irrcKoM nepeBone A~liei3aB CoOTBeT-
~ a c c a r e ~ ~(Per., JYli npYrMM UCTOYHMKBM, qTO A p a ~ cOTneXReT hlaCCareTOB 01 nepCrtnCKMX
CTBYIOUCM h1eCTe ~ O B O P I ~ T C R : , (, f~~~l T $ ...
~ Mhl3CCaTeTbl IXPMAILIIiahlT nnane~rlifi ( I . 205. 209-21 I ) , H O H B TOM cnygae o 6a~rprifizaxi i w e r o He
(succe~ldunt ) K T ~ ~ I C H rnyxo. M ~ myhimuero A p a ~ c a " (Descr ., 916, rOBOl>liTCJ?. O Y ~ B M ~yKa3aHMC HO, Kannric@e~aIre CBOZMTCR K LLBHHbIP.1 r e -
9 1 7 ) . B nepeBone I i p ~ i c w i a ~ a,,3a : ( p o s t ) HHP.III? 3a (post ) I I O T O K O M pOnOTa. CJ'nff lI0 UMTEipOBaHHbIM OTpbIBKah?, Kannr:c@e~,IlpIiBOLlE CBOe
A p a ~ c a K B O C T O K ~ (ad ortum ) [XMB~TJ hlaccare~b~"(Per ., 7 18). onMcaHlie A p a ~ c a ,~ o o 6 q econpoBomi;nan e r o ubmepm~aairi06 A p a ~ c ew3
napa+pa3a noRcrixer: ,,3a ~ T M M Mn e p ~ e 6 1 ? Ka ~BOCTOKY, ~ no ~y c ~ o p o i r y covrtI<elrMR r e p o u o ~ a . B' M ~ M MMO cBoe , y ~ a 3 a t i ~Hae A p a ~ cah- Ha rpalrli-
iuyMRuero A p a ~ c a... O ~ M T ~ H ~J Ta c c a r e ~ b r "O. ~ H ~ yK.QIIOHMCI~R, O cKopee. - ~~

try M e w G a ~ ~ p l . i f i r r~i a ~c~w@ahfri

~i (sro j ~ a 3 a bib1 ~ ~ He~ X O ~ P L Ly I Crpa-
h p a ~ OTnenReT
c MaCCareTOB M OT nepKe6MeB, M OT ~ ~ K T P O B . 6 o ~ a j Ka.-inlic@el{ nonKpenMn ccbrnrtofi Ha aHanorti.rHoe ! ; ~ a 3 a ~ r i erepo-
C 0 0 6 U e ~ i i e, & i o ~ r ~ c rraKxe
?~ BocxonMr K KannxcGesy (Markwart J .> nora, m e A p a ~ cBbrcTynaeT B Kacrecrse py6exa nnR 3raccareTon ( ~ O O T B ~ T -
1; 1946, c.129). M sneca XBHO 3ahie1~00 6 p a ~ e Kanniic@e~a ~ ~ e K repom-
CTE!'lOlriyiO Bh!DepXKy M 3 TeKCTa ~ ~ P O Z O6e3 T ~CCbll7KII
, Ha ti?rO, hi51 !I Ira-
Ty. Y IIOCJICnHerO 3aI4MCTBOBaHO yKa3af:Iie Ha MeCTO O ~ E I T ~ H EMaCCaTeTOB, ~R
XOZIiP.1 f fi!ro~licrix),nOCq>iTaB TaKyIo CCbInKS. Teal 6onee !.>i?CT>?ofi,i!TO:
KOTOpOe B OpririiHane BbIrnrinrir TaK: NaccareTbr xriey-r ,,no iianpaBneiirim cornacHo reponory, HeKoTopsre ~a31-,rna;iri LqaccareroB C K ~ ~ @ C K ~ :Hapo- M
K BOCTOKY M BOCXOAY conHua ( npbq hCj T E K U ~ ihiov aua-rokb~>: no ~y noM ( I , 201).
CTOpOHy ( iT&pvv)peKM A p a ~ c ,HanpOTMB I ~ C C ~ ~ O H O B(Herod., " ?, 201). hfoxtce~ G ~ I T ~K?a n n ~ c + e ~p ,a 3 p a 6 0 T a ~ U ~ fci~ o moporiijporpa+aqe-
k b r o r ~ an o n a r m r , YTO cseneHaR ~ M O H M C M Xo Maccarerax, ~ ~ I ~ M C T B ~ B ~ H I I L I ~ CKyKl CXeMy ~ N HaH OCHOBe cTap02 CXeMbI, ~03naHHofierne 30 IIOXOnOB
y K a n n ~ c + e ~BaO, C X O ~ R THe K r e p o n o ~ ya, K r e h - a ~ e mo, ; ( i < o ~ yE I rnaBHbrx
~
. 4 n e ~ c a ~ u p aB, K O T O ~ O+~l i~r y p ~ i p o ~ a n iHaptiacc
i 51 ~c~!.mrifi c Hero
IiCTO'IHIIKOB r e p o n o ~ a YCM , I? O ~ % R C H R ~ T CRK06b1
R CXORCTBO 3THX cBefie?IMfi
APZKC,3ali>iCTBOBaX M 3 Fee W Il~enCTaB;!t'!lIie 06 A ~ a ~ KaK c e py6exe
C naHHbIMM r e p 0 ~ 0 T a( hiarkwart J ., 1, 1046, C. 139; m a v e ~ L H H K O x.3.:
~
hie-my 6 a ~ r p a j l 1 r a ~ igr. : CKH+~MI?? .Qpyrnh~a cnosami: 3 a 1 i ~ r c r a o ~ aTO n
1975a, c.52,54). Ho g i c n o n ~ s o s a ~ K ~ rae, ~ i . - ~ a c + enawai-IX
~o~ r e p o ~ o - r anpx- npencTaBnearie 113 n1iTepaTypHoro M C T O W U . K 310~ ? iie I I C K X ~ ~ ~ HXOTR O .
hIO 3aCBMneTeJIbCTBOBaHO B lIpMBeneHH0k BbIUe UIfTaTe M 3 COWHeHMR CTP;?-
npennonoxeHae o TOM, wo nIiTepaTypHbIM K C T O ~ ~ M K O >KI a n n ~ c @ e ~ a
6 o ~ a(XI, 14, 13). K TOMY x e wiTHposaIrrroe coo61qea~er e p o n o ~ ao hiac-
snecb 6b1n r e ~ a ~ e( k Junge J.,1939, c.251, ~ a 3 a ~ m e epaHee c ~ BepoRT-
carerax ( I , 201) He 3aIiMCTBOBaHO y r e ~ a (~~ ~e R~ H KI?.B., O B 1975a, c.52, H ~ I Mli H ~ M( I ~ ~ R H KM.B., O B 1975a, c.63), Tenepb MLI Cqz-iTaeM HenpMeM-
53,65) . XeMbIM, TaK KaK O P O T H ~ P O T P ~ + A Z I ~ C K CXeMa, ~K liCnO;Ib30BaHHaR Kan-
H ~ K o HC~310fi ~ , Xe T ~ M CBII3aHbI
O ~ CJIOBa nyKaHa: ,,...KOs>?o;lriie Ha-
. ~ ~ K ~ ~ HRBHO o M .He IIPKHa,QJIeH(MT r e ~ a ~ e ~ ) .
22 23
 ( deserta ) hlecrax"cornuaHoB (YIT, 5, 1 ) . B npyrok, cKopee ncero 3 a u ~ -
O ~ H ~ IIOCKOnbKy
KO MMeKJTCII OCHOBaHMH DyMaTb, 'IT0 K ~ ~ J I H PaC-
c~#~,
i l ~ l a p ~ ~Kha K
C T B O B ~ H H OK~ ~ npyrMe C ~ O C ~ ~ $ ~ N ~DaHHbIe,
f , M MHOrMC C K U ~
CKa3blBaR 06 .%paKce, paCnOJIara7 H e T O n b K O JIMTepaTypHLIMM CBeneHURMH,
y K a n n ~ c a e ~ onpenenmacb
a, nnaaa n lubiprrlia C O ~ A K ~ H ~ I . ee B
finmia
ti0 1i KaKMMIi-TO C O ~ C T B ~ H HDaHHbIMU,
~ I M I ~ n0nyYeHHbIMM BO BpeMR nOX0-
s a AneKcaHnpa, TO, eCTeCTBeHH0, HhfeeTCR bi BO3MOXHOCTb OTHeCTH K 'IUCny
~ " nnmia n o n u ~ u h i e r aruapma
; , n p m o ~ a n p a ~ n e ~-w TO , B 80 cTanues
( O K O ~ O 15 KM: OUeHKY CTanMR KYPUMR CM.: ~ ~ R H K OM.B., B 1970, c.40,
3Tli); ZatrtlbIx y ~ a 3 a ~ uKea n m c G e ~ aH a A ~ ~ KKa Kc a a rpzHuqI M e m y
nplihl. 65) - 3TO ILInpHHa AOnMHbI n ~ n l i ~ l i h l eK~y ap . q ~ i iy3HaB
, M3 I I e p ~ 0 f i
6 a ~ ~ p 1 r r i uM a C~ K~ M T .a
~ ~ M H ~ o enpennonomeliwe ~ p e 6 y eO ~~ L R C H ~ H M R .
XapaKTepMCTMKU, qTO CoraMaHa - IlYCTbIHHaR CTpaIfa, PeUHJl, YTO 3TItMil
fiefic~~HTeJIbt10, IIOseMy y Kannirc@e~ra~ ~ K T P MOTneJIReT M Apatic OT CKM-
i ~ w ~ Br ,TO BpehiR K a K y Bcex z p y r ~ x~ C T O P U K O BA n e ~ c a ~ n pGaa ~ ~ p r rOT-
w , , 6 e s n m ~ ~ ~ (solitudines
w" ) H R n n R e r c R onm ma I I o n b i ~ u ~ eorom-
~a,
UeCTBJleHHaR C C o r ~ ~ a H OBO
fi B T O ~ O ~
XapaKTepMCTMKe.
JCJIIIeT OKC OT C~rnlialibl? O ~ ~ R C H ~K aHK M ~ , CYMTaeM, KpOeTCR B
MLI
oco6ofi ~oliuer111111.1 ! . O T O ~ OnpHnepxHsancn
C o r ~ ~ a l i bK ~ Kanrlitc+eti. (
,,rpa~%iIlbl" bba ) C O T ~ M B CO H ~CI K H ~ C K~OI ~Y ~C T ~H BI XHO W ~ T~- ~

3 T a KOliL(f2nUiR T p a K T y e T (;0ral?aHy K a K Y3KYlQn O J O C Y lO.TlfHbi If0nli-

cs E t i e n o c p e n c ~ ~ e ~ G~ ~r o
M i~ O C TOT M ~ O ~ M T M M w HenmeKO
~ T ~ or hlapa-
Tiihtera (3ep2BLIJ2Ha), B npOTHBO~OJIOXHOCTb 06b1'4H0~y 21154 all~).iYli~if
K a H a ( C a ~ a p ~ a l i n(Arrian a) ., Anab ., 1Y,5, 3 , 4 ) . me-TO B Tex x e
rpamiUrM rlpencTasneHlzm o Cor;l,ratre K ~ KcTpafie OKCOM(AMY- M e c T a q H a ,,p)16exeM ( p E ~ , j P L O ) I I M e x n y Cora&c~oiis e ~ n e fMi c h - ~ + a -
aapbefi) li X K C ~ ~ T O(Cblpsapbeif).
M T ~ K T~p a KRT O B K a C0rnJlaliLl XOTH li M M CTOMT KpeIIOCTb T a 6 ~ 1( Arrian .,Anab .. lY, 1 7 , 4 ) . 0 6 n a c r ~B H e no-
cooTsercTByer npexne Bcero npencTasneFirizs1 Kanrr~c+eria,s i r , ~ ~ i h iDo ,TOR y x e Ere O T H O C I ~ T C R K C o r n a a ~ e :,papsapbr, xtcllsyurre
, m t f b ~I I o n a r l i b < e ~ a

~rnbij i ~ o i t hiepe o-rpamelia H x p > ~ ~ i hMcTopnKahli<

i~i r l ; ~ e ~ ~ 2 ~ ~B
; 1CpB3O. ~ M
no cocencmy c peh-OR" T ~ H ~ (Cbrpnapb~; MC B p a i ? o ~ eno3,~.~eil1ueRYc~py-
'IMCTOM, BCHO BLI?aXetMOhl BMae O H a He c @ o ~ M ~ ~ % I HM B ~ H ~ax-
~ o OIIIiIZM
* I U ~ H L ~ ynOMMHaIOTCR
) Hapmy C ~ 0 r ~ H f i ~ 2 hHi M OTsenbHO 0 1 HHX (A[&
m., Anab .; lY, 1 , 4; 5; C M . : r p w r o p b e ~B.B., I-, 1881, 29>30; EW,
Tii'lHblM BBTOPOhl, YbM COYMHeHMR ,TOLLrJlH ,?I0 HaC. 130 CJlen:>I ee B ~IIT~I~I~oI?
TparniuIilf H e CTOnb yK PeZKM.
I , 1967, c.91; cp. Tam \Y.V,! ., 1951, c. 102; miase - H e r ~ a r FI., o ~ 1957,
HabiGonee c y ~ e c r n e ~ i r r bc;reg.
~ R 3 ~ 0 ; KOHLICnLUiM CozepiiihlTcR u COYMile-
c.51,52. CnOp 0 ?Oh?; ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B M n$i T ~ Y~Tp~iLlaHa
J I ~ I I O HBXRnaCb YaCTLIO
C o r m a ~ b r ,H a Marepriane aHTiiwbLx M C T O W ~ O B ~ e p a 3 p e u i i h 1 .B HMX
H M I ~K y p u i z , B ero onncaHrr1r C o r m a ~ aIIpeQCTaBJlireT co6oif
Cormatihl:,,
XOXHO HafiTH CBMAeTeJlLCTBa B IlOJIb3y H TOTO H ,Qp)irOrO.\lHeHMH, YTO 11
CTUaHy, 60nblueii YaCTbH IlyCTblHHYK): 06mipx~,1e6 e 3 n m m ~ i e MeCIa n p O C -
n p~ ~ i ~ e p wa
T H P S ~ T C RB L U I ~ P I M ~io80 cralwzB.6 Pi B npnaioal Iisnpasneirmi OTpajicaeT CyUleCTBOBaHMe B a H ~ M ~ 0TpaZMLIliM
fi aByX OTMeYeHHbIX HBMM
o Cornriaire)
npenc~a~netrwiz .7 He c r l ~ y a i r ~Bo ornoif n 3 B e p ~ M f io B ~ R T I I M
3Ta CTpaHa OrpOhlHa IIO lief HeCeTCir IIOTOK: K O T O ~ .MeCTHble
~ I ~ XMTeJlJl H a -
(Yn:10,
3IJBBMT ~ O ~ M T M ~ ~ ~ ~ T O M "1 , 2 ) . 310 OTIMCaHlie IIpeaCTaBJIfleT ~ 0 6 0 f i
IreynaYIfOe COeaMHeHlle 3 B y X Pa3HblX Sap2KTZPtiCTMK C O T I I I ~ H3BlSfCTBO-
~~: -'hfb1 HllKaK H C MOXeM COlTaCKTbCII C TCM, q 0 6CTpeYaX)UeeCX Y A p p w a a BbIpa-
BaHHblX Kypunehi )' K n l i ~ a p x a(0 TOM, 'IT0 ZaHHOe OlIifC?iHMe ,QOiIXHO IIpM-
XeHue ,,BapBapLI, x m y u l u e 3a p e ~ o f l "Taxauc, x s n a a c s cneuuanbmrM o 6 0 3 i r a 4 e ~ w e ~
rrannemarb ,,B OCIIOBHOM" K n i i ~ a p x y ,CN.:Jaioby F ., 1921 : ~ ~ 6 . 6 5 0B) . OCeZnOIQ HacmeHH T ~ I I I K M T C K Ooa3uca ~O (TpUI'OpbeB B.B., 1: 1881, c.27; cp. l'e-
0n1i0fi M3 HliX, I I p l i ~ a ~ ? l e ~ f i a ~ ~
BLi~X1?.\10: , T M T ~ ~ Kx O~ T, O ~ ~ I R
l ~ c ' f i ! CaMO3.l). K PZIIOXKLM A.M., 1550, c.153) It,TU (3epraH51 ( ~ O ~ ~ YH.T., B ~ c.29). B OnHOM
H O 1576,
rrpxnepxioieancir 061,rmoro o ~C l~ er x~~i i~a xaK
n p e ~ ~ c ~ a ~ ~
i ~
ie cTparie 3rex.T c.7)'~ae (-4n2h ., lY, 1, 4 j o s o c~::x!rr 06mxG 06csriauerirre:,i ?ase.aioro h - z i ~ x r i i ; ~
Oi<cosi K T a i ~ a ~ cCormiaiiz
o ~ , 6 ~ i n aeficssw~eab~
6c;rameii
o Y ~ C T L M,,nSrc- 5: B ICePBJ'K O'IepCZb - ~ I l O h l i M ~ T b ipmOhl
X CKL~@OB. B nPyrOM C1yYae (Anab ., l v ,
3. 6) O H 0 OTHOCKTCR K If2CC7.7eitG3 BOCCTaBILII?X fipK1.IH?llCCKIIXPOPOZOB: XIiELUeMS.,
TLIHIIOI? (deserta ) c T p a ~ 0 i i " ; cp. !.ZOMlffi2HJie Kypmiesi O , , n y c n ~ r n i ~ . ~ x
no OTHO~ILIeHUK)K CKK@BM, ,,no HPYrYM C T O P O H ~ " ( € ~ ~ ~ K E )W pBKK. U H ~ K O H C BU ,
nporusoilocTasneHuu C K U ~ O B, , ~ ~ K I T C K K s aMp s a p a ~ " ( Anab ., IS', 4, 2) cxu@br,
KOTOpbIC IIOXBitrlKCb 3a T a r i a u c o ~- r p m r t ~ C 8E ~ p o n b rU A 3 m , 3HaMWyloT c06ofi
6 ~ c c n e n o s a T e n a06bimo Y L ~ ~800
I :( ~ a n p m e p C
: ~BHUKM
r.I?.,
R 1940, c.13; HaYZJIO HOBOR U C T U CBCTP, ,,EBPo~LI",a ,,a3KaTCKIfMU B ~ P B ~ P ~ M Ha3BaHbl U" 3,QCCb Te
Paxhimosa P.M., 1963, c.44), npm>iMaa wcnpameHwe ocrlngentz , npeznomeHHoe HaponLI ASUK,42pe3 3eir?.1li KOTOpLIX nporuen A n e ~ c a i n pno npri6brrm K 6 e p e r a ~
K3ZaTCIlRMK TCKCTa KypIIm. HO B Tf2KCTe CTCKI luc@paLXXX. Tma~ca.
25
Knponona (Curt ., YII, 6, 17-23 ) ero HaceneHue ~ a s s a ~,,Moryuecr- o
m m i r u e a B c a q A O ~ O B O ~ B (" hlarquart J., 1901, c.138, 139; Markwart J.,
BeHHbIM HapOAOM ( valida gens ) M ~ M ~ K ~ I ~n0n O B 3" .T m HapO- 1938, c.137, 153; Minorsky V., 1937, c.331).
AOM, K O H ~ W O He, Morn0 IIOApa3YMeBaTbCR HaCelIeHHe O n H O r O TOnbKO r0-
PO@. B a m ~ o MeMaKeHbI
, 3AeCb YnOMRHYTbI nOTOMY, W O ~ u ~ o n o CqU- nb TO c 0 0 6 4 e ~ u e0 r o s 6 o ~ ePi A p m r e , ~ ~ C C ~ O ~ H HO3 ,~ I I H ~ ~ C K
B3RTO O ~

TaJICR MX UeHTPOM. TO, W O 3AeCb HMenaCb B BHAy U'2JIaR 06nacTb, CBURe- TpaWlWU (Marquart J ., 1901, c.147). Ha Hee nocTaTomro npospav~io . -

TenbCTByeT CaMO CnOBO Memaceni , 0 6 p a 3 0 B a ~ ~ OOTe Ha3BaliHR o6nac- YKa3bIBaMT CnOBa 0 ROrOBOpe, CB~eTenbCTByIOruIie,q T 0 3neCb nORpa3yMe-
TH * M E I I m a K r )M~J M MaylmlllrTj (BWRMMO, npeAlLIeCTBeHHMubI 60- saercff c ~ a 3 a ~ u0 6e A p m e ( Markwart J ., 1938, c.153). 310 c ~ a s a -
nee n o s m e n Y c ~ p y i u a ~ b.rBce
) 3x0 cnenbr ~ ox le oco6ol KoHuenrraa Cor- Hue, CBR3aHHOe C M M @ O J I O I ' K ~ ~ , ~ o ~ ~ B 3~e3nbl"
o C T n l l r r p u ~(CMpKYc) H
DiaHbI, KOTOpaR COBepIIIeHHO He COrnaCyeTCR C O G ~ I W ~ I MnpeACTar3neHH- ApeBHUM IIpa3pfiKKOM THparaH (0 nOCJIeaHeM CM.: n ~ r y n e ~ c ~ H., a f f1956,
c.334-338), O W H b pW0 6bmo BBeneHO H B M P W C K ~ 'M C T O ~ M Y ~ C K M3nOC. ~
B TOG er0 @0ph?e,KOTOpaR U3BeCTHa II0 M Y C ~ J T ~ M ~ H C K UO ~~ ~O P O ~ C T ~ K ~ C K O ~
JlHTepaIype, CKa3aHUe BbIfnmHT TaK:Me~y.~exp, Uapb M p a ~ a H, Aapacrra6,
BnanbrKa T y p w a , s a ~ n m u m unorosop, no K O T O ~ O M Ynpenenbr M p a ~ a6y-
WT onpenenem1 noneToM crpenbr. C ~ p e n y~ a ~ r r y c ~uw c ~r y c ~ b rcTpenoK
li
nacb nonriHa 3epama1ia, n p e 1 f M y ~ e ~ ~ ~ e l i 1 i 0 ~C6a nh a~~a ~p b~ a ~anmior- a, A p w , oHa nponerena orpoMHoe paccromne a BOH3UnaCb B ,,opexoBoe
;la u nonlirra Karrr~aaapbrf (Tomaschek W ., 1, 1877, c.63; Eap- n e p e ~ o "( gBzbun ) .
Tonbn B.B., M,1965, c.487,488; ~ ~ ~ C CB.M., O H 1950, c.173, 176) B COWHeIiIf~CpenHeBeKOBbIX &TyCyJIbMaHCKHXaBTOpOB Ta6apa, Caa-
CO CKil~liefirpaHIiWT He T O J b K O C O ~ A M IIOHKWaeMaR
~H~, KBK nO:Il.M3 n ~ 6 aIi E ~ P Y H U CTpena Aprma JIeTMT OT T a 6 a p a c r a ~ aHa BOCTOK (Mark-
n o n n ~ u ~ e 0~6an.a c ~ bKce~tinnbr (B nonuHe K a m ~ a n a p b u ) r a t m e ,,con- wart J ., 1938, c.14, 138, npKM.1). n o TaGapu, OHa nOCTMraeT AMY-
peaen1,aa" (confinis ) co C ~ ~ i 4 1 i e l(i Curt ., YU, 2, 1 4 ) . MII~IMI: lapblf, no Caanti6u - h?eCTa, Ha3bIBaeMOrO I-0361% (1.e. O ~ ~ X Onepe- B O ~
cnoBahiti, B roii K O H I I ~ ~ L V I IKOTOPOG
~: nptinepxaBancR Kzmnlic4e11, CKII- B O ) . B MeCTHOCTti XynbM o6nacra 6aJIxa. n o EepyHK, OHa neTuT 20 K p 6 -
@~ieGCsliTa3aCb BCR CTeFIHhfi TepFMTOPIiR K CeBep:l 01 AMyfiapbM, OI<py- riMx npenenoB X o p a c a ~ aM e w O a p r a ~ o i iH T o x a p u c ~ a r i o(Eep);ria,
~ Y,
>;aswax Oa3HCbl 3 e p a n m a ~ a ,K a u i ~ e l a p b a 15 T.A. n o c ~ o n b ~BOHHLI y 1973, c.239: Y l , 1975,c.141; CM.: Markwart J ., 1938,c.14, npahi.1).
k n e ~ c a a n p anepenpasiiBrrrPicb
, q e 3 X ~ y n a p b mILUIM
, sepes I I ~ C T L I H M (cp. Toxap~ic~a!l3neCb HyXHO IIOIIEIMBTb, O'leBMlyiO, B Y3KOM ChfhlCJle, K 2 K 06-
4rrian .? Anab ., 111: 30, 6) ECKa He 40CTMrnH oastica K a m a ~ a p b x , nacrb c ueHrpohi B TUIeKaHe, a Qaprawy - KaK oo'nacrb onlioro us npwro-
TO IIOKETIIO, EOqeXlf' CTpZHa K ClBe;;y OT A p a ~ c a( h h l y n a p b ~ )CvMTanaCt KOB pewi K m y s a hiexqy h a r n a ~ i o ~11 M r n ~ a ~ t i l n e ~ (cp. 5
C u ~ + a e i i .T ~ Koueasm:o,
; ~ 0 3 r i r x n onpencTanerxue o TOM,GO Apa;;c OT- Marquart J ., I , 1896, c.31, n p m . 136).
2enxe-i E ~ K T ~ 01 M CKII@HW.
M Haxfex Ha BbICTFen Aprnrra COAepXMT Pi ~ ~ X , T ~ B I U " ~ CCOYliHeHUeKO~ ,,A!?-
A ~ r l i w o enpenc-raBneaaz 06 A p m c e KaK py6exe h i e m Ijak-rp-~cii ~ 0 ~- x 1 p% a ~ " ,cyaR no IiOTOpOMY cTpena nerena OT n a r m u x ~ a p r a p a(TaGa-
u C~:iQac:i m a , B 6o;iee u r ~ p o ~ o cMr.iCne,
sr Mernqr I?paHCKIi:.lIi 3e?.fnx~1:1 p ~ c ~ a ~20a )6 p w - r o s a ~ a ( ~ . e .O p e x o ~ o r oJepesa) ( .\lark\+-art ..

li BEa~eHiiRMIi CeBeP1ib:X KO?e3FIKKOB, IiMeeT rny6oxee KOpm B lip%- 1938, c.11, 14, 1 7 5 ) . B , , A s e c ~ e "cTpenoK Pxma (.r\pri~nj n y c ~ s ecrpm!; ~
ct-tai: PZi,Xilui&i.i)6 3TOS! npX.l?o CBWeTeJibCTByei apMEHCKO2 r&or?a@..i- or ropbi .4puGc~axXruyra n o ropbI X s a ~ s a( Yt. YIlI: 6. 7 , 3 7 , 3 8 ) . H ~ M
'-~ecicoecoln%eHae , , h ~ ~ p a i t ) % n " : r o 3 6 0 ~B I I J I O T ~AO peKIi, IiasbrBae-
$,..
KaXeiCR, ?TO li B 3TOM Cnygae MMeeTCR B BMSY T O Xe CKa32lIMt' 0 6 Aprirrre.
MOG ~ p z ~or K, O T O P O ~ ~(nepcb~j~ ~ C C K ~ ~ ~s I~BoHa O T , cepy, -
o~ I HeceT xopomo ~ s s e c r ~ no oe s m e ~ yHpaHcKoMy snocy, B ~ o r o p A o p~ m nycKaeT
luriporcoii u trenpoxo~lz?roii.Kajite~cR,3TO Q u c o ~ K , O T O ~ nepcbI
~ I ~ ? Iia3b1- crpeny O T rop Ta6aplicra~a Ha BOCTOK ( m o e TonKoBaHtie chi.:
B ~ W Tb e x p 0 ~ 0 A ~ .HenpOXOnliMbJM e r 0 Ha3blBaMT B TOM CMbICJIe, W O OH Herzfeld E. E ., 1947, c.442-444). C ropoii X s a ~ a a( Xvanvant- )
HeOAOJIHM M HenpOXOmM QnR >?OfyUeCTBeHfibIX HapOAOB RepCOB I ; MOXHO ConocTaBPiTb ropon X o a ~ a( Xodva ) , p a c n o n a r a ~ m ~ iH iac ~
&KT-
p n f c ~ o h i (1.e. n e ~ o ~6epery) O ~ c a( Ptol ., Geogr ., r l , 11, 7). 3101
;m?rrra M K p n y s a . WKOB, TOBOPMI, '110 3TOT lIOJIKOBOAeU , , C M I I O3aBOeBW ~ E a x , ~li BCm
npnnene~iibriih ~ a ~ e p a acexneTenbcTByeT,
n YTO r o 3 6 0 ~,,AmapawU/B- CTpaHy KymalfOB, A 0 npyroU/B CTOpOHbi B ~ ~ M K o U / B PeKM I I O n Ha3BaHMeM Bex-
11a" - TO, ilecoMHeHHo, O p e x o ~ o cH e p e ~ oM P ~ H C K M Xc ~ a 3 a ~ M inoHwMae- i, POT, A 0 MeCTa noA Ha3BaHMeM K a 3 6 ~ o ~ (" T ~ ~ - M K ~ T M n.X.,
~ R H1979,
Moe KaK MeCTHOCTb (Markwart J ., 1938, c.14, 15, 137, n o P. @OH c.58; Marquart J ., 1901, c.83; h.lark\vart J ., 1938, c.34, 137).
L11~a~enb6epry; patiee M. h l a p ~ s a ps ~l r ~ a xDzi - roin BMecro Goz- npli nOMO4U CnOXHbIX M COBCeM He 6 e ~ i I I 0 p ~ b CI xO ~ O C T ~ B ~3 T~O HT OMCO- ~
bon , CM.: hfarqualt J ., 1901, c.138; B. Mm3opc~Mii TOnK0Ba.J O ~ I U ~ H UCR ApjTMMM MCTOqHMKaMM M . M a p ~ s a p JIo~anki3yer
~ K a 3 6 a o ~6 n ~ 3
Cozbon KaK ,,Lying below Gdz [ S ~ I I J " : chf.: Minorsky V . , IIaifKama B I j y x a p c ~ ooa3iice
~ ( Markwart J ., 1938, c.i38-153). Ho,
!937, c.331). B . M ~ n < o p c ~ ~MCXOAR iil, M 3 I I p e ~ n ~ X t c e HMlMi ~ 3TMMOJ70Tliii,
~ BO-nepBbiX, r0360H, Y ~ O M I I H Y T ~BI ~OIIMCaHliK Xopaca~IaK IOry O T PeKM
~ 1 4 2 1ro36c111 K cesepy OT 06nacr~ir y 3 r a ~(nonrmbi peK A6a - LUli6ep- Apatir - B e x p o ~ ,Mernny 0 6 ~ 1 a c ~ ~ h pacnonorneIitiLIMrr
lli, onpenenem0 K
t i i 6 - - A I ~ x o G ) , h1CXily CpC~I3?BeKOBLiMH rOpOi(aMl$ AHAS~A Iory OT A~yAapbki (cp. Minorsky V ., 1937, c.3311, BpRn nw hqoxer
(.;taxoil) lr K e p ~ y s( K e p ~ xHa i \ ~ y n a p s e ) ( Alinorsky V ., 1937, 6 b i ~ bTOXAeCTBeH Kas6~011y,HaXOARrUeMyCR 110 ApyT)'lO CTOPOHY peKM Bex-
c.3; 1, 332). O p e x o ~ o enepeBo, npenen MpaiicKiix 3 e ~ e n bB n p a l ~ c ~ oTpa- ii POT. Bo-BTOP~IX,JIOKaJIM3allMR CaMOrO K 3 3 6 ~ 0 x a B E Y X ~ ~ C K 0OaA 3 ~Tc e
3 1 ~ ~ 1Bcerna4, noMeu[aeafoe y X~tynapbiiunri ee ~ ~ M T O KBO,,Aurxapa- B, nocrpoeHa Ha OqeHb U I ~ T K OOCHOne
~~ (cp. T p e ~ e pK.B., 1954, c.140). B03-
iviilie" npRM0 CBR3alfO C A p a ~ r o h r K
'
I
. , O T O ~ LTYT I ~ ?Xe OTOWeCTBXeH C Bex- 31OXH0, H21lpM>lep, q T 0 Ka36ii0ri COOTBeTCTB!;CT Cpe;lIfeBeKOBOMy TOpOA)'
9OTOM ( A ~ y l ' l a p b ~ f i M ) . M ~ H H OApaiir 11 RBJHeTCR, C O ~ C T B ~ HrpaHJiuefi, HO, Kec6a M coBpeaiemioMy roponrruy KacGki tre2aneKo O T Kapmri (Mac-
, . i i e n p ~ x c I , Q ~ i ~AnR
~ k " IIepCOB. A p a ~ r- 310 LipaHCKOe COOTBeTCTBMe 3li- &H M.E., 1975, c.47; K a 6 a ~ C.K.,
o ~ 1977, c.115).
iii~rioxryA p a ~ c y Kposre . TOrO, B a 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 1JrirTepaType
1ok HhreeTCR M IIpRMOe
;:E?;i~CT?'lbClBO 0 TOM, 'IT0 CKa3aHlie 0 CIp2:lKe A ~ ~ (Kh C~ a Apiiru) , 6~1-
:lo CBH33HO C ~%T~MU/BCKOGpeK0fi A p a ~ c( P s . - ?lut .: I)e flllv .,
, 1). C J I ~ ; U . ~OTMeTMTb,
T q T O llO.?eT CTpeJIbI ApiXIa OT T36ap11~12~a
30 ApsHra, me HaW7Iblfblfi ii K O H ~ W ~RyHKTbi I ~ ~ yKa3hIBaIoT, OseRMi0i0,
!<a MeCTa COIIpliKOCI~OBeIiMRiipaHU2B C Tq'pali42Mii, n o o 6 4 e COOTBeTCTByeT +OB,KOTOpbIX Ha35IBaK)T ~ B P O ~ ~ ~ CEKr oI Te' ~ 1ML"IiliC
~ ?RR;IReTCR
. TaK%;erpa-
rparilllle CKli4mi no K ~ B K ~T.e. ~Y rOpahl
, rlipK2~1!Ei,li . 4 p a ~ c y ,KOTOpaR ~ i u e i ih l ~ Xsueri ~ ~ Hy Esponofi" (Yn, 7 ; 2 j . Barite OH iionctiEeT. s ~ yno- o
ZaHa s o p o r ~ i z p o r p a + ~ < q e c ~cxealz,
o B p a 3 p a 6 a ~ b r s a r u e f i cKwnMc+eHohr.
~ A I R H ~ TC ~ KI E~ I~@ C K ~ ~
? ~a~ p o z , g a ~ n oGnac~h,
~ a e ~ ;iexanxj:Io npmio 3a IICTPOM
h l e c ~ a ,B KoTopLie CpeAIieBeKoIioe n p e z a ~ r i en o ~ e ~ ~ ~O ap eqxoo ~ o e q' K ~ ~ ~ H npeneX0B
M x A31i~:KaKOBbIMIf RBJIHIQTCH EaKTpbl. OHMH3C?nRK)T
d e p e ~ 0 Qaneh-0
, He BCerna COOTBeTCTBOBanH ~ ~ ~ ? c T B I ~ T ~ TpaHM&3;\l J I ~ H ~ I M f3eainuj, pacnonoxembie 6 m x e K ceBepy. Hanee HasMtiaiorcR rycrbie neca
coepeMeHHorO 310hqy npenaririm M p a ~ a (cp. J f x k w a r t J ., !938, a O ~ L L I M ~ 6e3:7~1prbie
H ~ I ~ Kpax; riariporus, j!e~.iil?], 06paureiisbre K Ta~rahi-
c.iz8, E ~ M M 1. ) . B ~ r . q ~ ~TpaalimioHHoe
io, npzaclasnei-Isie ii rpaaaue c KG- c w i E a ~ r p a He ~ , n&nuew,: s e n o ~ e s e c ~ o~f yi n b r y p b r " (411; 7 , 1). E p e w ,
~ii.E?i~?dKaM:f no A p a ~ c y A p a i r y H;ZeT Ii3 ijiy6Oh-~:%
- rip?BHOCT::, Pi :-iesic- coni:;c;moi;, Kypai2;: (cp. Rardon 13 ,, -,.-
193s. c.:o:,i: ;ic: ;.lojici;Ii;ofi
K,?MseHO, 910 0110, KaK M hlHOTIie xpyriie hlOTI?SLI Il03JXIIeTO MpaHCKOrO B y i ~ a nocnoB e ~ p o n e i i c ~ i CKII@OB
ix K A n e ~ ~ a l i n p(cp. y YIi, S, 11: 9, 1 ) :
3110Cd, BO3HKKJIO IIepBOHa~~bHO Ha BOCTOKe (B EaKTplii-~?). yTBepX@eTCR: ,, ... TbI 6yneLUb Mh*eTb B HaC c ~ p a x e f .43:1;: i if EBpoIIb1. EcJIli
I?. M a p ~ s a p rB ~ B Apame T ,,Amxapauyiiua", M ~ H O P U ~ YnXp m o e 6b1 H ~ He C OTnenRn Ta~raac:MLI conpjmacznJ:cb GLI c 5 3 ~ ~ p : i e f i3a ; TariaM-
y ~ a s a ~ i axe o r o ACTOTEUK~, peKy C o r ~ a3 e p a ~ r u a (hlskwart ~ J ., COM Mbi33HWMaehl3ehlnI.I BnIIOTb a0 @paK5iMn (3.'n, 8 , 3 0 1 .
1938, c.137, 153). 310 npeAnonoxulae OcHoBaHO Ha OTO~eCTBneHliM Jlexarryee B OCHOBe 3TMX COObUleHMM Ilp~~CTaSJ!el~liL' i) TOjf;3eCTBel'a-
r 0 3 6 0 ~ aC hfeCTHOCTbH) K a s 6 u o ~ ~, I I O M M H ~ ~ M ApjTMhl
O$ apMR7ICKiiM aB- H2iica (Cbipnapb~),RBXRBm2TOCR py6ejitoM MeXHy 63~rp:iiIua?f;i li CKii-
TOPOM,C e G e o c o ~ ( hlarkwart J ., 1938, c. 15). n o c n e ~ a a i i ,paccKa- @ a a i ~c, T a ~ a i ~ c o a(EoHoar)
i : siiaaasmria? B hleoriiixy ( . ; ~ L I O B CXIOPZ)
KO~
 A ~ U UME ~ p o n b ~ .
~ O K ~ ~ ~ T ~C ~B ~O C~npaBOTb1
T~ B O CTOPOHIIMKM ~ ~ o J I u K J I M T BMnenM
~ B
MHOrMMH 6onee n03nliMMM aBTOpaMU, B TOM q U ~ n e A ~ M C T O ~ ~ ~ O M TOM, TO cTpaHa no ~y c r o p o ~ yT a ~ a ~ c-a R K C ~ n~p T o u~3 ~ o ~.,ensv
u~
( Schwarts E.,l957, c. 126; cneuM~bH0o n p ! - i H a ~ e ~ ~ oKc n~ U ~ra~xy (?hdrn ) , A XMBYUIMe TBM C K W @ ~ I~ ~ o T ~ ~ ~ J,,eXOBbIe I R M T ~Tpenbl"
nepBoro pi3 IMTUpOBaHHbIX c0061~le~Mk CM.: Jacoby F., 1921, ~ 1 6 . 6 5 0 ) . ( o & ~ T o ~2 h a r i u o ~ ) ,B TO BpeMR KaK BepXHRR A BOCTOqHaR A ~ MenM R
0 T a ~ a u c eKaK rpaHnue A ~ A uME s p o m Kypurur roBopMT ewe B O ~ H O M He npOM3BOWT ( Strabo .XI,7, 4). P ~ C C M O npeBKM T ~ ~ T CTpen
~ 3aTa-
KdeCTe CBOerO COUMHeHMR: C K M @ ,,KOTOpble ~I, X m y T B E ~ p o n eIIpOCTHpamT-
, HaMCCKUX CKII@OB CnyTHliKM A n e ~ c a ~ n pBnOnHe a MOrilM, KOrLla CTOJI-
CR no nprrMoMy tianpasnerium OT n e ~ o kC T O P O H ~ I0 p a ~ u 1 .ni o f;opwcr$eaa u KHVnMcb c ~ T M M M ~ ~ ~ l ( t ) ayhTi a~tii a ~ c a :C K H ~ rrycKann ~ I B H M X cTpenbr
oTTyna n o T a ~ a l r c a ,npyroti p e ~ u .Tarrauc npoTeKaeT M e w Esponoti A qepes peKy B T O M M ~ C T m C ,e olra 6b1na ~ e m ~ p o ~(oArrian., ii 1Y, 4 , 2 ) .
A s ~ e i i " (Yl, 2, 13, 14). AaBHo y x e oTMeseHo, TO onpeneneaue rpaHuuaI Yro KacaercR o-rcyTcTsLin enri B s e p x ~ e i i ,1.e. y n a ~ e ~ ~ r o ri iM O ~ R ,ji
A3lai r i E s p o n b ~y K y p m n c o s ~ y w oatianormwb!M onpeneneHmM, naHHbIM q;;~! AH ~ o c ~ o s ~ .43m,o i i TO eLue n o noxonoB A KcaHnpa B as~n.niofi HayKe
?!
A b i o n o p o ~ : ,,C~uc$cti&ie Hapom1 B ~ I J I O T ~n o p e m T a ~ a w c ,oTnenxmqetidf;,,~;;?r' ycTaHoBMnocb MHeliMe, TO ,,em" ( t ~ d j - ~ )- nepeBo, n m 6 ~ ~ XOJIOZ ee
E ~ p o r r y01 A3UPf" (1, 55, 4) - A M o p a a ~ o 3aMMCTBOBaBILIMM~, 3neCb, BU- ( Theophr , Hist. plant ., n , 3 , 3 ; l y , 5, I), - pacTer TOJILKG
WMO, y Tpora: , , T a ~ a ~ rne c , HaXonMTCR W ~ B ~ C T Ipy6em I ~ I ~ A~IIEI A EBPO- u Enpone ri nprialopcxxx, 7.c. s a n a n ~ b ~ xqacTRx , A~UM ( Theophr ..
R ~ I " ( Get ., 5) ( Jacoby C ., 1875, c.570; hlarquart J ., 1893, c.522). Ilist. plant ., l y , 4, 1 ; 5, 5; CM.: Bretzl H., 1903, c. 220-225).
TO CXOnCTBO He ~n)'qakHo, T a K KaK KypIl.Uk BMeCTe C & ~ O ~ O ~ OM MT p o r o ~ ~ e f i ~ ~ ~ M T e J I bi~piicT06y:i
ii0, ll0,XqepKMB2Jl, qTO DaXe B T ~ K Oile~iiCl0fi ~
3aBMCRT OT K n ~ ~ a p x a . c ~ p a t i eA ~ M IKaK ~ , r i i p ~ a , ~, H~~CT I , n ~ M X T ~ I (" Strabo ,
~ O, C H ~enki
Ho npencTasneHxe o 6 a ~ r p a i i c T ~ ao~~a a c eKaK rpaHaue A ~ MnNE B ~ o - XI; 7, 2 =fr .19: T T E ~ K ~62 V KLL; ~ h - d ~ q vK & ~ i m v @ ~ E : I )E.: ~
nb1 C B O ~ ~ C T B ~ H HHeO TOJlbKO K ~ k i ~ a p x OHO y . 6b1n0 0 6 AnR ~BCeX COBpe-
~ To O ~ ~ T O R T ~ ! ? ~s rCo TI?BXprrc~o6yn
O, ( Strabo ,XI, 7 , 2 =fr . 19) 5i Knu-
hfetaiHK0B Ane~caiinpaM YYaCTHMKOB eTO IIOXOAOB (TOMCOH 0.: 1953, m. rapx ( Diod .>XYI1, 59, 4) 31ranii 0 6 o t 5 r . t ~,,enan ~ ~ (iha!ril)n c e s e p ~ o f i .
c.190; E n b ~ i l u ~ M in.A.,i 1961, C.105, 106). B o ~ ~ ~MHeHMH) K M K).K)Hre ropxoii VaCTM kfHnMM ( iiJ,i'enger F ., 1913, ~ . 3 6 ) He , llpOTliBOpe9MT, KaK
(Junge J ., 1939, c.51), ero npwnepmmanucb He ~ o n b u oMeHee o6pa3o- HaM KaXeTCR, MHeIIIiIO CTOPOIIHIIKOB ~ ~ o x ~ <06KOTCyTCTBl{M ~ u T ~ 3TGrO Lie-
BZHHbIe M OCBeAOMneHHbIe, 110 U CaM A n e ~ c a H n p ( P l u t ., Alex ., 45; PCB2 BO BHyTpeHiiefi A ~ M I RO~%?OXHO, I. 3707 KT O ~ ~ R C H R6Jl1130~~b30
~ M
Plin ., N.H ., 1'1: 4 9 ) . OHOrOcnOncTBOBan0 no ~ p G ~ eMepe i i no s ~ c n e - ceeepsoir qacri! ITii31ii1 K rpa~ixileE B ~ O I (cp. I ~ I npencraBneHMe K.~i?i-apxa
miwtn H e ~ o n a ~u anarpotina. M3 TO TO npencTasnerrMx ~ i c x o n mITo.'~rn- 0 6.1ki3G~TM G ~ K T ~ ~ ? ~i?H A L Ip x o c r i ~K ~ O H T M ~ ~ C K O AIOpX):
MY Clln ..
mi^, c q r i ~ a a m t i ,YTO T a ~ ~ a r i n
c ,o Koioporo nomen A n e ~ c a H ~ snagaer p, B ?'Ti. 3>4; 4, 27).
Meo~riny(Strabo , X i , 7, 4 r f r . 7), a y n o n w ~ n ~ sr a n ~ c ~ ~ oKna- san Lcjni A ~ H C T OZ~~~~ ~ C J IT B I ~ TrOBOpwI
~JI~F:O 0 eJIOBbIX JleCaX B CTpme 3a
rapx ( FGrHist , BB, 2, 1927, c.441). nocne Toro, KaK a e ~ o l Ma ~ TaHaMcoM, T O BnOnHe BepORTTfO, 9TO OH OCHOBbIBiWICR npM 3T0M He TOnbKO
naTp0h-x CTa-rIIi nOKa3bIBaTb, 910 peKa, KOTOpp Ha3bIBanK T ~ H ~ U C G 112M , 152 C ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ H ~e ~i ~f ;~ ? ~~ bH H0,M
~ KaK~, ~ lix BO
, MHOTMX npyrMS C.V4aRX, Ha
=MOM nene - RKcapT, snanamurufi B Kacnwirc~oe Mope, CTOpOiiHHKaM n o - nzi!tibrx Kn~irapxa.Torna 6 y ~ e noaxTm r s ~ a s e ~ ~b1c~a3b1uarruii
ne K~PUMR
.?i?i:TiJ:Ta, ZGr7~r&3Is'51>3,l i T 0 3 i c C 2 i p ? - BCe-Tax2 Ta X:e PeKa, 0 Kolopofi rG- o , ; . ~ c T ~ I xi~ecax" ( profuiiciar. siivae ; (33, 7, 4 j . ,,o6a:p1!~1x
~ o p m n o x l i ~ n n 1.e.
~ , Tairagic, ~ n a s a m u & B M e o ~ i ! ~n p, u m o c b 06oc:ro-
Bb1Bal-b 3 T Y CTapYK) T O W Y 3peHWR (Strabo , X I , 7, 4). B O ~ M O X H O TO, Ta-
KMhf CTOPOHHUKOM ~ o ~ K K 6b1n J I ~A p Ta ~
c ~ o 6 y n K, O T O ~ ~~ HI ~~ CoqmeHue
J I
8 $ f . ~ . C e p r e m ~ o~ c t o n yn e p e a o n m m o ~ o' E ~ T ~ K,,II&x~ura';
~ K onpeaen= KaK
n a ~ p o ~ n( aStrabo , X 1 , 7 , 3 =fr. 20) u ynoMman o TOM,TO T a ~ a ~Ha3bI- ic ,,nusry ~ e @ a n o ~ c ~ y mAbies ", cep!idonica L. ( C e p r e e f i ~ ohl.E., 195 1,
BaeTcR R K C ~ ~ T O (Arrian
M m,
., Anab ., 30, 7 =fr . 2 5 ) , HO, TeM He Merree, c.565). Ho 06b1wo c n o m 'EAbrq nepeBomT K B K ,,enb3', Pinus pima ; cqmaeT-
npunepxlisiWIcR n p e m e r o s s m m a Ha T ~ H ~ u c - ~ KKaK c ~ ~HaT r p a m w cs, m TaKoe a ~ a q e ~ u3m e cnoso ~ ~ e y lx eoy r o ~ e p a(Hehn \I ., 1902, c.296).
30
.r~ecax" ( vastae silvae ) (YII, 8 , 16), o ,jIecax M cl~erax" nanee - TOT nocnenri~ii,u cnenoea~enbao,CTpaHa 3a Tarialrco~- TeppMTO-
( silvae et nives ) (YH, 8, 13) B caMbm oraancHrfb1x p a k o ~ a x PMR He TOnbKO K CeBePY OT Cblp~apbM,HO It K BOCTOKY O T X0~xa-6aKblp-
cTpaHbl 3a T ~ H ~ M C O blecia x (ens IUpeii~a, Picea
M . n p o 1 i 3 p a c ~ a ~ uenM r a m ( r o p 6 y ~ o ~H.T.,a 1976, c.28), M ~ ~e I MOXeM n p e n n o n o x e ~ n eo TOM,
scl~re~lkiana) , Gn~x&kukieK o6nacm C p e n ~ e i iC b ~ p a a p b - ~,U e ~ ~ p a n b - w o BepxHee TeqeHHe Talrar?ca-R~cap~aari~asaoiiT p q H w n - TO X o m a -
H ~ I GT R H ~ - l l j a ~He
b s a n a n ~ e eY a ~ ~ a n b c ~ xpe612,
oro - HaxonMnlicb 3a npe- E a ~ b ~ p rKaxeTcH
a~, HaM HenpneMJreMLrM.
nenahur reorpac+wqec~oro~ p y r o s o p arpeKoB roii nopbI, K O T O ~ ~ IHe M 6bmK /
3 e ~ n 0~5 p, a l r r e ~ ~ b Kr eT ~ H ~ ur7 ME ~c K
-~T P M M ,C~~OO B ~KMy p w x , tfe nu-
3HaKOMbl IlpMCbipnapbMHCKMe 3eXlnM BbILUe n03n~efiLUer0 XopjttellTa. 0 Cy-
rrrem , , s e n o ~ e q e c ~ oKi iY ~ L T Y ~ ~ (I ' human0
' cultu ) (Yn, 7, 4),T e
LfleCTBOBaHI.IM enOBblX JleCOB B CTpaHe 3a Tatia~cohfCOBpCMeHHI?KM A n e ~ - qaCTMWO B03AenaHbI YenOBeKOM. 0'4eBMm0, 310 3eMnM He CKK@CKP!~, TaK
caHnpa, B M ~ M McnenaJIu O, s a ~ n r o s e ~n ~meb :s?. ocHoBarrMu enosbIx crpen KaK C K M ~no ~ IK,y p w m , 6 ~ 0 no 0 ~~~ ~~C T L I H HeRTPOHYTLIM
M, ,,qenoBeyec-
CKII@OB ( Bretzl H ., 1903, ~345,346).
~ o i ~i y n b ~ y p o f i(" human0 cultu ) , us6erax ,,ropopon" ( urbes) M
Hpyroe pacTerrHe, + u r y p ~ p o ~ a s ~B ea e~ i ~ w oHayKe ii Hapnay c enbro , , n n o n o ~ o c ~ bn~ox~ r e l " ( opulentos agros ) (MI, 8, 23) BIIAKMO,snecb
i-caK nm6mqee x o n o a M pacTy4ee ronbko B E ~ p o n eM np~6pejic~1oii A ~ M- J~, / cnen _ C M Y T H ~ I Xcsene~iiii,n o x o n u s u r ~ x20 C ~ ~ T I I M K OABn e ~ ~ a l f n p036, oa-
310 , , n n ~ ) ~(" K L T T ~ ) ~ ( Theopllr ., Hist . plant ., n, 3 , 3 ; 1Y, 4, m c a x C e ~ e p ~ o5iei p r a G unri nonuH ~ I I ~ Y MM KAHrpeHa ~
1; CM.: Bretzl H ., 1903, c.243). M nrImm, no DaHHbIM Knirrapxa, cnyr- 'T1. ,+

E ~ K T ~ I InpocTnpmuaxcR
R, n o Tar~alrca, - opraHKqecKaR sacTb Bcero
,
H M K I ~Ane~carinpaHammi B cTpaHe 3a T a H a l i ~ ~ hK l . y p u ~ i ip a c c ~ a 3 ~ s a e 1 , I , p a c c ~ a r p e s a e ~ o r~oo h l n r ~ e ~c ~ccan e e u i t ,n o c x o n ~ u ~ e Kr oK,~urapuy Ose-
'110, Korna MaKenoIicKMe BoMribr 1IepenpaBJ:jiucb sepes T ~ H ~ Inpecnenyx ~c, nMwo, non Earc~pueirB na1iHo.v cnyqae riMecTcn B Buny n o 3 n ~ e a x e ~ e r i ~ n -
CKII@OB, Ha n)'T%i MM BCTpeTM17IiCb BbICOKIiC ZepeSblI, CTUO!Il~I KOTOPblX 6b1- cKaR E a ~ ~ p u i i ca-rpanuz,
c ~ a ~ BKnmsmmarr C o r n ~ a ~( ~cy 06 ~ 3 ~ 0 i icaTpa-
mi , , O G B M TK~IK)UOM"
~I ( hedera contexerat ) (Yn,9, I j j . n p a ~ n a ,
nrui I ~ R H KMOBB, 1965, c.40). Merree sepoririio, uro non ~ r p u e i 3necb i
Tenepb B ex hiecTax, K K O T O ~ L I ~ LhIi o x e ~O T H O C M T ~ C R310 cooiiille~ue,I.?.
B M O ~ O J Iii.TW ~~~O - 3 a n a ~ ~ bqaCTRX
lx KKYP~MMHCICOTO
K M X RepeBbeB, IIM nnmu~a,a nocxenaero HeT it B 0 0 6 ~ B
x p e 6 ~ aIieT
, H i i BbICO-
e Cpe~weiiA 3 ~ l i(0
nOHHMaeTCR ~ ~ ~ K O - ~ ~ K T ~ MUapCTBO ~ ? C K O( ~~ M T B ~ W K
c.91. Cp i972, c.169). XOTRB C 0 4 M H C H M l i Kypr11.1~ I.! n@c.Gx
3
J ~ . A, l"60,

r n w a , 6onee ~ O ~ ~ HqeM B p, e m Ane~cariapa,B C g~ e ram

R H
3HaYellMM yKa3aHHOrO coo61xeri~f~K y p i u i ~nnn MCTOPMH @nopbl C p e , ~ ~ e f i ' I T O ~ L I Kypwiii rIpencraenRn ce6e I j a ~ ~ p u K m ~ Kc B R c 9 ~
A ~ MCM.: M no no^ M.T., 1958, c. 18-26). WpCTBO.
K o r ~ aCIIYTHMKM AneKcaHxpa rOBCpWIIi 0 Tarfauce KaK rp2HMLte 6aKT- O ~ H ~ traK Oc$ophiuposatfue n p e a c ~ a n i ~ e ~ rK~ r i i
pFifi~eBCO C K M @ ~ MTO, M , KOHeWO, MhlenM B BM,ZJJr hIeCT0, Tne A n e ~ c a ~ i a p ilorpa~iimoii peKe hfornii 0 ~ a 3 z r bBJIr?zHJ?e u z r i r e p a r y p y e M C T O ~ H M K M
-- -
CTOnKHynCR co C K M ~ ~ M11 H3 a ~ nepenpxmncrr e ~ sepes p c ~ arrP y cpaxeHun Knurapxy 6ana u s s e c r ~ aqepes K a n n u c @ e ~ acrapaR o p o r ~ ~ ~ p o r p a c $ w . i e c ~ a ~
c HHMH,T.e. 0 6 n a c ~ bCpemefi Cblp~apali,a T O W ~ P . nepenpauy y cpemcee- CXebla, OTHOCRUBRCR K O BpeMeHM n o nOXO2OB A n e ~ c a ~ n pCynR a . no TOMY.
K O B O r O X O ~ X ~ I IcoBpeMemoro
T~, n e ~ u ~ a 6 a n(oa hiecTe nepenpasL1 Anex- KaK 31a c x e m onricaHa y Apucro~enrr.T a ~ a r ? cn, p e n c ~ a s ~ r e t mpyKaBoM ~~ii
caHnpa B ~ T M XMecTax CX.: J ~ M T B I ~ I ~ C KE.A., H G 1960, c.9 1-96; . .Xr;rir~:rrf- . 4 p a ~ ~ri306prtite~
a, B H ~ GTOXe BIIZZaI9IlIJiM B I\{eoTuny ( hlet ., 1. 13, 15,
C K I < ~E.A.,
~ O K J I ~ R H I ~ KA.n.,
OB P~HOB B.A.: 19/32, c.297-299; k;l:<, I? 1963, 16) HO 4 p r r c ~ o r e msnecb Hriqero lie roBcprir o T z ~ a l r xaic c ~ nor~s..i>mo;:i
1;.25S) ~ i j i ~i;aK
i , i i ~ o r 2 anO.?arilP3T: 5; ca~pc.iet:"c~o Ger:a6arja, I; c:i\rc:x PeKe, Ji, Ha~K07bKoMOKHO CyitliTb no nPYrMhl ABHHbIM. IIPeZCTaBXeHMe 0
)13KOhI MeCTZ peKK (m,I , 1967, c.96: In, 1974, c.26). C T ~ ~ cK!i&03 H Z ~ 1.
- - T ~ H ~ KM~ c KI ~paHIwe M e x w E ~ p o n o i rii 43ueii O H He p a 3 3 e n ~ n( Jacoby F,
Kypir~ifiOpMetITMpOBaHa OTHOCMTenbHO 6 3 ~ i p K i Ha i CeBep ( stl)~e"trioni 1922, C T ~ 2072,. 2073).
ProPiora ) ( y n , 7 , 4). ~ e i i c ~ ~ ~ i ~cpemfee e n b ~ reseHuc
o, Cs~paapbxHa ysa- Fsm~rneecxoncrso B TOM Bonpoce c nam~brhrnKniirapxa o 6 ~ a p y x u -
CTKe, K O T O ~ ~661~1 I B M3BeCTeH CnyTHMKaM AneKcaHnpa, MMeeT B OCHOBHOM BaeTCR B COIIIiHeHIZM K~ec1i11- DPYTOM JI&lTepaTYpHOMIiCIOWMKe K n ~ r a p -
mpoTHoe HanpasneHMe. C o r n a c u ~ b cc ~TeM, TO T ~ H ~ H c - ~ ~a ~K~cu~w~oTi i xa. 6 a r c r p u a ~ ay Krecun, ah- i r y K y p m t ~ ,- ~ p a i i B~ A3iiri i ~ ~cTpaHa. a
r p a ~ ~ u m-i Cbxpnapa~TonbKo no BnaneHuR B Hee X o m a I j a ~ b r p r z ~aa , - npeReJIOhl A3li1i B TeX MeCT2X RBJllleTCR Ta~ar:c.B TO me BpeMR ,,sapBap-
a? i
cKne ilapoabl y nolrra" ( C ~ Rno H KOI~T~KC 06MTaf04Me
TY, 33 Kalmaao~lleii) HeIlMff COnpOBOjKRaeT 3 T M YIIOMMIialIi<II IIOHClleHMehl, YT0 OKC ,,pa3rPSHM-
paccenetrbl ,$lrnoTb no T a i ~ a ~ c a " ( D i o d., II, 2. 1 , 3 = fr. 111; CM.; n b ~ i i - w s a e ~ " :m ~ i, , p a s s e n ~ e ~ "( m a pasa y n o r p e 6 n e ~rnaron bpi{w , azrm
KOB bf.R., 1965, c.39; 1975, c.144-146). K TOMY x-e K r c c ~ f YnOMKtiaCT i 06 pa3 - 6LEipYW ) , 6aKTpMati0~M cornlfarioB @, 1, 15; Xr,8 , 8"Eratosh.,
,,OTpOMHOhi 03epe" B Kacnuiic~oii3eMJIe ( Aelian ., N.A .: );Yn, 3 2 ) , TaK f r UB, 63, Berger ; X I , 1 1, 2 ) , npweM C o r n ~ a ~,,gacnonomeHa a sblnie
YTO Tartaric hlOXeT O ~ T ~ K CrO ~ T LC CeBepa. M C T O ~ K O B ~ H M ~ K T ~ C U0R
naHHb1X 6 a ~ T p ~ i a i l no
b l tranpasneHIuo K B O C T O K ~ " ( X I , 1 1 , 2 : - V ~ I € P K E L & Vnpbc
~
Taltaucc Kah: cnenelr~ii0 nByx peKax, Dotie 11 Cbrpuapbe, coBMeuteIilibrx B Fw 7 j i ~B m r p ~ ~ c )TOM B me nyxe rOBOpMT 0 6 O ~ c rel r o n e ~ e f i : , , S ~ K T -
o6pase on1108 peKrr, nox$oraer 06affcl1u~b KaxyuuecR npoTrieopelirin B phiaHa OrpaHirsecra ( n ~ p t o p a ~ r c u ) , ,H.a cesepe M nocrorce @nb d i & K T W V li;l
3TMX DaririLrx ( r a ~ r t enpoTMnopeqMn HC pa3 or.weYanMcb; cx~.:Hanpltiirep, avaroXGu) corgrraHahiit Bnonb oc~a~rbiroii YacrM O ~ c [OT a THKTa rioa
Kmmbl~olz1' ., n, 1897, c.272-274). ~ ~ K T y~ KM ~ Re c t t K~ ,~ MK y Kyp-
U M R , npOCTlipaeTCR BnnOIL n o Ta!rarica. 310 OTp3XaeT peXJIbHy10 O ~ C T ~ H O B - ::MaHbl orpbiirt~eiib~ ( ~ ~ p l o ~ l t o vj r...
a cHa lore ti BHoab Ifa sanane ( d ~ b 62
K Y : ~ ~ K I ~ I I ~carpanun
~ C K ~ yme R B O BpeMeita Krecllrr cyucecrsoBana B Tex p€a??p$,oia~ ~ ai'rl i F6oewr ) E j a ~ ~ ~ ~ l~an~o on biyme i O ~ M C ~ H H O ~
rpaHi.iUax, B KaKHX 3aCTa'Ili ee CnOaBHXHHKlf A~leKcaltnpa( ~ L R I I K OH.B., B IiacTri Oh-ca" ( Geogr., Y 1, 12, 1) .
19b5, c.39; 40). J? f i p a 6 0 ~ ,13 M a p m y n r o r ~ e ~ eCBOII n npencTanneHMR 0 6 O ~ c KaK e
Cbrpnapbn npencraeT B KaqecTse peKlt Ta~iauc,miia~a~orueil u Me0~1tk~ py6eme >lCXTy EaKTpMeG J1 CornlialiOfi 3alWlCTBOBaJIii, HeCOMlieHHO, y 3pa-
ti ff~nffW11~eficff .-p2!ilili?fi E~porrbrM AHIIM, 4' pa3!tb!X 2BTOpOB if B pa3libIX T O C @ ~ H ~(Rerger 1-1 . 1880, c.319; E J I L H I ~ ~ n.A., K U ~ 1961, c.143;
oporwpa@liqecr<~s cseziax. XOTRB H ~ K O T O ~CI: I,~IIX ! ~ R X3.111amropbl 14 hior- Berrlard I' ., F r a ~ ~ c f o r1-1. t- P . 1978, c.6). O n ~ i o~s n p ~ s e n e ~ ~ ~ r * .
JIM 33M>5i:CTI30BaTbRPyr ? ilpyra, BCe Xe ii~COATIieliIi0,YlO T3KIte npeACTaB- 32ecb coo6~1eir1~ii !?a 3TY TeMSr CTpa6011 UMTMPYeT C n p R ~ 0 f iC C ~ I J I K H Oa~ ~
.reriitR @ophrtipo~a:~Mcr,a a~l-rrliiroiireorpa@iiri M ~ e s a n ~ c ~or nh ~ oOT o apy- 3paroc@erta. Y 3paroc+e11a nonoxterfue 0 6 O ~ c KaK e r p a i i ~ q ensnrrnocb op-
TOTO. 3 ~ h?O>Ki!0
0 0 6 ~ R ~ l i l TeM,
i ~ b VTO n0~0611b1enpe;lCTaBXe!IitR CyUeCTBO- r a s i i ~ ~ r c r aui ia c r m e r o oporiinporpa@itvecxoic cxehm, % ~ o % ~ o cl Kaaxa- i
B U M rl B >leiTli~if~ p a l i 0 ~ 3 b l ~CpeAe. 0 i i O11M 6b1ni1 nOpOx.qeIIbI UIaBHb1h.I 33, TXliy!llerOC;i R IUIiPOTHOM i<anpX%leHUIl, TeKyT
0 6 p a 3 0 ~Te3l @aKTopo>l.l l T 0 M Cb~pJlapbri Ii OH OZkiHdKOBO Ha3bIBXWICb reM tia ana an nne p e m : OKCM H ~ c a p OKC ~ . oTaen
CKH@CK&I.II CXOBOM D a n u , B Hapuualarenbliohi c m r c n e , , p e ~ a " ,KoTopoe ri miiruen. a B K C ~ P- T corniriiqe~OT caKos, npwre~.4
nepezasanocL no-rpesec~t!KaK T d u a c (OMif, 1979, c.7-85, 286). P e ~ a ~ 2 0 . 7rcp, ~ c s a n a ~ aHa BOCTOK (OCHOBIIO~ 1t3nox-e1?1
DEnuz i~ii<-raeTcriB , , X ~ e c r e "c a ~ o l i, Z . T H H I ~ O ~M~ c a ~ o i ionaciioii ii3 peK Strabc .: X I . 3, 8 Eratosth .,fr . UB, 63, Berger ) .
( Y s . , L Y , ~ ;h o p ., 77) T i COOiBeICTByeT, OYeBrUHO, Tai1akicy KaK Cbrp- Ho 3iapiiri H IIronerV:efi BtiecnM cyuecTsexrioe M
napbe (ABaer! B.M., 1950: c . 4 2 4 5 ) . , & ~ a i l c ~ c ~~ ey p s r " ( dZnav6 tiira ) 9 9 3paioc+exa 06 O ~ c KaK e norpaaasrto8 peKe. B To spebrn IcFi y C ~ r p 2 6 0 ~ a :
C KCT0pb:hI;t CpWalOTCR ~ B ~ C T M ~ ~repOM C K M ~(Yt,,!!, 71, 74; XLg, 3 7 , 3 8 1 , rip~hioB O C ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ B O ~3 pR aL~Lo Ic~+ ~e ~ a , Cornrciiia IrokieueHa K BOCTO-
O BCR
COOTBeICTBYWT B TaKOh? CrryYae TatiaMCCKEihl C K M @ ~ M( A 6 a c ~B.M., 1956, :<y OT ~ Z K T ~ I I I Y ? , hlapul5a M n~OJleMe9K BOCTOKY OT EjaKTplil! HaXOnMTCR
c.44,45) . x ~ i r nqacrb
~ C O ~ I ~ M a~ apyran I I ~ I , sac-rb, - K ceaepy OT f j a ~ ~ p i i hifir r ? . o6anc-
IIReS1 3 T 0 &i3>leH?HMeTeM: YTO M a p m M nroJ!eh?efi KOliTa.h?!:H!!pO~3a:!wCXC-
:.iy 3 p . i o " ~ ~ ~ ac npyroG cxer\.iol, nocxo~limeil,no-ss$n;rhroxqy; K rxnnap-
X). Ii ~OCWIOHMK~. 31a nOC7leAHRR OTJTMsaJlaCb TeM, YTO BepXHeC TeqeHlie OK-
ca r i Rxcap-ra a ~ e i 6a:no i Hanpasneao c Boctoka wa sanan, a C o r n ~ a a ano-
h2eUeHa K CeBePy OT FaKTpliH. A ~ ~ ~ c T B M T eCnH
~ ~ IIOChiOIpeTb
~Ho, Ha Kap-
Ty nToJIeMeff, TO h l O X H O 3aMeTHTb, 'IT0 BCR HOMeHKJIaTypa C C B ~ ~ HWCTIi O ~ ~
C o r a ~ % z ~npusannemr?r
br 3 ~ 0 kB T O P O 6onee~, n o 3 a ~ e fcxehie. B rom~ofiqac-
9 ~ a i (nepeeonm Pi X6aee Geger 1%' , 1882, c 196 dje tii;a'nlsd~e D&u.
IM C o r a r a r b ~n o ~ e m e r i aArleKcaHnpU9 K P ~ ~ ~ Hc~ene1111n RR, o K O T O ~ Onoc-
~
Gershevltch I.. 1959, c. 189 the Turanim D h u c .

34
 XOART K McTopMKaM .4ne~calinpa,T.e. K OCHOBHOMY ~ ~ C T O : I ~ I 3I ~p Ka r~ o ~ + e - T a ~ o eMCTOnKOBaHMe C O O ~ I U ~ H H IIJLHHiiR
H flO3BOJfReT OTBepFHyTb Ha-
Ha. Ija nepebffi B3mR.Q,3 T O T rOp0.4, KaK M3BeCTH0, ~ 0 3 5 ~ ~ e ~ H l a~ Gepe-
blfi pJMaHHbIe nOCTPOeHMR, CBR33HfIbIe C qTeHUeM O C ~ ~Q T IfOCTpOeHMR W MCXO-
ry T a r i a ~ c a - f i ~ c a p r a sa1iri;MaeT
, Ira KapTe OueHr, cTpaHtroe nonoxetiiie: Ha J U T 213 TOTO, 410 OX, 0 1 ~ e q e ~ H b l f3AeCb i B KaqeCTBe Il~rpaHPfW~fi peKM
K p a k H e ~tore C~l-nKaHbl,hfliOr0 WXHCe HCTOKa XKcapTa. 130 e r 0 IIoSIOxe- 6aKTpHU lia sanane (XOTROx 6onee HHrDe KaK r p a m u a He @rypwpyer),
HMe BnOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT npeACTaBneHMRM ~ ~ ~ T o c I $OH ~ EHaXOatiTCE
I~: TojKnecTBeH T e w e ~ y T. ~ KB, . T o ~ a r u enOHMMan ~ paccMaTpmaeMoe coo6-
npRM0 K BOCTOKY UT EaKTpbl ( K O O ~ A H H ~EaKTpbl T~~ - 1 160/41°, A n e ~ - UeHHe ~ ~ M H H KaK R y ~ a s a ~ Ha
a e s a n a ~ ~ rpaHIiuy
y~o s n a n e ~ ,@iono~a
e u
CaHnpMIi K p a f i ~ e - l !22'141 O , CM.: Geogr., y l , 1 1 , 9 ; 1 2 , 5 ) . O T ~ ~ero I B ~ B T U ~ Za tMc n~m s a m x M a p r u a ~ y(Tomaschek, 1896, ~ ~ 6 . 2 8 0 6 M.KMc- ).
OT fiKcapTa O ~ ~ R C H R ~ TTeM, C R 'IT0 M a p ~ r r~ ~ 0 6 p a o6nacrb
3~n BepXOBbeB c,nPiltr CqMTaJl, qTO nOA OXOM3AeCb MMeeTCR B B W I I ~ ~ + R H C K O - ~ ~ K T ~ M ~ ~ -
tfKCapTa no tiosciiurebry M C T O W M K ~- MTmiepapHm Max. G u e ~ M w o1, i 3 ~ e - cKan rpaauua npmeprro r o r o me BpeMeaw, ocrasmBmaR MaprUaHy 3a
HUB KOOpLiMIIaThi 1iCTOKa ~ K C ~ OH P T3a6b1n
~ , COrnaCOBaTb C HIfhlM KOOpnli- 6aKTpMek, M '410 B 3TMX MeCTaX HaIIIeJl rpaHliUY AHTMOX KOrna CTOnK- m,
tiarb1 Ane~carrnp$ilrICpafirteir, ocTasuB ux n p e x m M a . I I ~ X C Ry nepenpaBbI sepes peKy Aplrii c B O ~ C K ~ M~ W B T M A ~( M Kiersling:
~
Mrak-, 5' CTpa60tI" ti ~ T O : : ~ , M ~rRp a ~ ~ u eEi ai ~ ~ p r i ior,qenxm~eii
i, ee o r 1914 , ~ ~ 6 . 4 9 3~) .~ M ~ TYTOH M IiMKaKMe
, MCTOWUKM He n0,TITBCp~aIOT
Corfi~arrbi,R B J I R C T C R OKC,r.e. AMynapbR. O n p e n e n e ~ u ex e pacrronoxe- TOiK.QeCTB0A p w ~( r e p ~ p y n a ) Pim XOTR 6b1 TOnbKO er0 HMXHerO TeseHUff
HUR C O ~ ~ M OTI~OCIi~TeJIhlIO
~ H ~ I ~ ~ K T ~a M UMeHHO
U , K BOCTOKY MTIH CeBepy, ( T e m e ~ a )c OXOM.E i . M a p ~ 5 a pTaKme ~ nonaran, v ~ oOx B nalrrioM ccnysae
n p o ~ 3 n o n r i ~nco~- p a s ~ i o ~ l yn ZByX nepcmx, o ~ p a r n a r o ~rise ~ x pasiihle 03tiaqaer s a n a ~ ~ yrpaaaqy m 6 a ~ ~ p r r i i c carpanmi,
~ol s ~ m s a n m e f hfaprtia-
i
opor~nporpac$zqectc,zecxeAibr. 111' (Markwart J ., 1938, c.4, nprm.3).
TOG Xe PO'I!? Dh!C'C)'llaeT OKCy II~IMHWR: 6aKTpIig~KkifiHapOU ,,Orpa- YKa3aEfUe UCTOWMKOB Ha 3~aqU~~nbfib1fi YrfaCTOK O K C (~A M Y J ~ F L J ~ ) ,
tiHqusaeTcR !includitur ) peicok OKC" (N.H., Y I , 48) . 0 6 1 , 1 m ~ 3 n a r e - 01 UCTOKOB A 0 BbIXODa B CKMGIIX), KBK Ha rpaHMUy MeXJIJ' EaKTpirefi M
J I U TeKcTa n n u ~ w nnprifipih.ranli B 3 1 o ~ nrecTe sTeHtie Ochq so 8.Je~.~e(ii- C o r m a ~ o kn0,CQIyiaMaeT BOIIpOC 0 pea?bHOCTU T ~ K OrpaH!-iLLLI ~ i70 .<MY-

ceH O l - ~ e u a eBapIiaHTbl
~ ~ 3 c h 0 :O C C ~ U , SOccus , Oxus (Detlefseil D .. ZapLC. TOT BOnpOC 3aTparEiBa7CR B O MIrOrUX p a 6 o ~ a xIi o c o 6 e ~ r i oOCTpO
1904, c.138). O s e n x a ~ o ,nocnenriai? sapriafir K n o n x e e ~ ~ I npinmT. T L He- JHCKyTMPYeTCRB IlOCJIenHee BpeMR.
O ~ X O L I M I I ~ O CTaKOrO
T~ YTeHMR CTaHOBIlTCR O C O ~ ~ H HROC H O ~ ?npU yseTe KOli- M13oriie MCCneAOBaTeJIM CKnOHHbI 6b1nU IlpUHUMaTL ~ ! Y ' K B ~ . U ~ H)'Ka33- O
TeKCTa paccMa-rpmaeh$oro c o o 6 u e i i r i ~ .n n r r ~ u i iFOBOpUT: TOT iiapol H i i 2 Ha OKCKBK Ha r p a l m w . T ~ Kr , . h . PO~JIUHCOH CQiTan, YTO E ~ K T P M -R
(62KTprifi~b1) 3arigi~aer nporuBononoxHym c r o p o ~ yropbr naponaiiric 3 T 0 O ~ I L I I I P H ~ ~CTpaHa
II MeXW r ~ ~ A y K ~ l L I Ue hOICCOM
l ( A ~ y z a p ~ e f i11033-
),
J I P O . I I ~ I ~ C T O K O B H ~ n aM orpaiiriliunaercz p e ~ o i iOKC. n o r y c-ropoaq- gli KOTOpOrO TlpOCTMpZleTCR hlaJI0 M35e~T~blfi M PenKO lia~2~1eH~blii PCrriOii
(ultra ) j ~ a s o ~ ~ n cornxazibr, ~cn r o p o a ~ a ~ a ~ a w mr.i r Aneltca~xptiz
lo C O ~ A U ~ (H ~Rawlinson I H.G ., 19 12, C. 1 , 2 ) . C T O ~ O ~ ~ ITaKOTO
I I K K htH 2-
112 KpafiHrtX EpCilenaX GXfiIIhr.71& OCHOBZHHaR A J I ~ K c ~ H L ~Benui;rr?.r".
~oM :+MR I I ~ U H M M ~ XOKC, H o r p a ~ ~E ~~ K a~ M ) ) ~ 3a ~ L i - z p z p ~ ~ ,
~~aKcesepe,
@nee -- I i ~ c a p Mr c a m 3a ~ r (N.H, i ~Y1,48, 49). n e p e HaMM
~ onucaaae, a OKC,O M ~ I B ~ H ) ~ &~ ~ K T ~HaM BOCTOKe, I O - 38 OnKH M 3 ee J!eni,.ix npHT0-
D OCfIOBe KOTOPL~~O JIeWiMT OGhlqllaR, nOYT1.i 0611(enp~~RTaR, CXeMa 3paToc- K C 9 , peKY K y ~ ~ y 3( aC ~ B H U K r.I?., H ~ ~ 1 9 4 1 , c.10; hlaHiiier!ti?:~x>i .)I.>.!..
$elfa: nap0r:aliir~:O t l X2 K a m a s ? OKC,O T A ~ . V R M U ~ ~~? C K T ~ L OT ~ ~COT-
I ~ ~ S 1957, c.38) KOK'IY ( Herzfeld E ., 1968, c.323).
.zr:;iilcs, tficczpr. crzen~~::ri::icorruiiiucs c i caKoij. p p a ~ ~ya i ,i : i i i i i i l ~ E '3piir;sanb1ioii ro.;~iispeswz npM;repxsisa.?cr? J;.Xizp;.irii;,.: '2,: zr.:
onxcarirrr? X ~ c a p ~K acxeMe 3 p a r o c 4 e ~ anpricoenxHeabr z a m b l e aexqoaa- Siweiuw, r i o r p a ~ ~ w o pf ie ~ o r i6b1na A t . f y ~ a p h M~ ee n p a s ~ gE>.:-:oi< Cyp-
,Ma. M T ~ K)', h M i - I H R B KaqeCTBe py6eXa 6 a K T p ~ l Mi COrnMa~b1T0;i;e Qliry. XaIaapLR, TaK ' I T 0 B . Q e f i ~ ~ ~ l i ~ e n b C HO ~ ~~TRl iMOrpaiIlfT-'r~~r-
~ H ~ .on,... !>?KTpI<IO
'

PMpyeT OKC,T.e. A M Y A ~ P L R . c cesepa M 3ana,qa, a He c cesepa M BocToKa. M ~ P M Homatio, . cnyiin Cltp-

XaHAapbIO C Bamehf, CeEePO-BOCTO'IH61M WCTOKOM A."r)')@pbli, 0 KOTOpO?,i
OH y3HUf M 3 OIMCaHIlR ,,IIleJlKOBOTO ~YTII",0TOXAeCTBti.rl Baxm C !Ipyrofi
peKofi, C ~ ~ a B U l e f i c IOTO-BOCTOZIHbIM
R tfCTOKOM A h ~ n a p b K ,3a X O T O ~ ~ ~

37
 npmlmanacb peKa A~nepa6aM Kytri~lsa,unu K O K YnepeHec ~ ~ rpmnw rpafiaue u ~ 0 0 6 c~ o~p o2 r ~ p o r p a @ ~ q e c c~ xo ek~ o k3 p a ~ o c @ e ~sbrpme- a,
Ha 3 T Y peKY. HO TY Xe nyTaHMIIy C peKaMU U rpaHHrIaMH AOnwteH 6b1n CO- Ira C T P ~ ~ O H O CMo r:n u a ~ a- c-rpalra, pacnonoxeH1raR , , ~ e m ~ " @ f l &)
BepLUUTb yXe 3paToc+e~,aI5TOpiiTeT AnR Mapma (Markwart J ., 1938, OKCOMU ~ ~ K C ~ ~ (XI, T O M 11, 2). ~eficTBUIeJIbHo,y C~pa60Hali O C O ~ ~ H H O
c.27, 28, 77, 78, 1 SO; I, 1946, c. 141). 310 cnoxaoe noc-rpoeaue, o c ~ o - y n 1 o n e ~ e RCorwarra @ a ~ r u l r e cp~a n~~ i o s ~ r a v T ~ ap a ~ l c o ~ c w a unri
~e
BaHHOe Ha YHCTbIX IIPeAlIOnOXeHHRX, BbIrnRWT OYeHb UCKYCCTBeHHbIM U Masepaa~axpy, Mewypeqbm O ~ c aM HKcapTa (Herthelot A,, 1930,
ocTasnaeT MEioro wexcaocrek. H ~ ~ O H X THanpuMep, HO, s a s e M.
~ MapKBapr c.190; M ~ k w X tJ., 1, 1946, C. 139; CP. C ~ B M U T.M.,1940,~.5, KM~~ 12).
3aCEIBnReT MapUIia, 3aliMCTBOBaBlIIerO y 3paIoc@eHa er0 O p o r ~ p O r p a - Ho T ~ K O B OC~ o r n u a ~ a 6una X M I I I ~ B Y C ~ O B H O~~ a p ~ o r p a @ u q e c ~ o M
@ M ~ ~ C K Y HCXeMy,) Cah?OCTORTeJlblfOCOBepWaTb Ty Xe C 2 . w O I I I U ~KO- K~, cxeMe 3 p a ~ o c + e ~ M a .a p r i ~M I l ~ o n e ~ e fBi O, C ~ ~ M H X31y
B cxelriy, o ~ ~ o c ~ n 1 . 1
TOpyIO A 0 Her0 CAenan ?paToc@Cti. A.Xepp~rur,CCbIJIaRCb Ha M. M a p ~ s a p - K Y C J I O B H O ~ ~, , C O T ~ ~ M B BCe
H ~ Te
' ' O ~ L C K TKOTOPble,~I, KaK OHM CYHTaJIM,
Ta, nonaraeT, 1110 XOTR BepxHee T C Y ~ H UO~ ~ c H a a KapTe n r o n e ~ ~e 3~ 0 6 - ZOJIXHbI 6b1Tb IIOMeWCHbI M e m y OKCOM M H K C ~ ~ T(O MM H 2 B CKM($IIM),
pamaer Ilnrizm B KaqecTBe peKIi, norpa~wwoiiM e w y E a ~ ~ p u eui C i orw- XOTR B MCnOJIb3OBaHHbIX Mh4H MCT0431MtiaX 3Tki O ~ % ~ K T OTtibOL~b L I IiC 06rl3a-
3 ~ 0 f i O, H 0 BCC iKe COOTBeTCTByeT Baxmy, TaK KaK Cyme rpaHKW MeX- Tenblro cerr3br~an~cb c Corjwarrofi.
JI&' 3TMMIf CTpaHaMM IipOXOnlina BAOnb ~ ~ ~ ~ B I I I ~ H xpe61a c K o ~ (Herrmann,
o Apyrwe uccnezosaTenM, IianpoTkrn, nontrocTbm brriri Yac-rMwro OTpIiUa-
1942, c16.20 13). E.n. HeHMcoe TaKme rronaraer, YTO nambre aaTIirIHaD: iOT peaJIbHOCTb rpaHMub1 no O K C ~)TBep;iinaX, , XITO E ~ ~ ~ ~ C T E M T C J I ~ H O C T M
auropon oTpajsamT nonomewie, Korna rparrm,a M e w E a ~ ~ p ~M eCorm{- ii rpaHEiua npoxontina no ropah?. Erue ~ . T o l r r m ecqaran, ~ YTO rpa1lMua He
airoCi npoxoaana no Baxnry M Ah-ryAapbe (&HHCOBE n . , 1977, c.17). yorna npoxonriTb no O ~ c y E . a ~ ~ p i K. i ~~ ,no3,qiier:
K Toxaplicraii, irpocTilpa-
H ~ M KajhTTCR, YTO IIpMHUMaTb rPaHUM IIO O K Ci ~a ~ o i iK, ~ K ~O 3~0 6 - nacb 01 ruyqyrcylrra 00 ~o,qopasxenac Corliia~oii;no Xenesabrx B o p o ~ ,
paxtaIOT ee aHTWIIibIe aBTOpbl, M IlpRMO IIepeHOCMTb ee Ha COBpeMeHyvM BKnIoYaR nonlmy peKM Teph?esa ( Tomasc!lek R? 1; 1577, c.27; 1896,
K a p q , nbrTaRcb H G TC ~O O T B ~ T C T B pemym ~ ~ I ~ ~rpsiauy
~ B peanb~oiire- ~ ~ 6 . 2 8 0 5 hltioro
). BIiimatiiix 060i~0saiir:m ra&:oii x c Towu 3pCIiMR yze-
orpa+ari: He ~ O ~ B O ~ R cnenymutie M T O ~ C T O R T ~ J =HCaI nBp~a.s n e ~ u eTese- nun M.M. HLRKOIIOB. 110 ero h l ~ i c ~ t i m O, S i12 ~ ivior 6~116I - P ~ H M U Z~~P~I M W I -
I M R O K C ~06pasymuero , rpaemy hxemm E a ~ r p ~ eMi iCor,qumok, KaIc manbao: peKu Bcsrna coenmrxmr, a ropbi - pa35ezliii~m~. ~ ~ K T ~no- MZI,
ero orrpenenRcT 3 p a ~ o c @ e-~ caaqana , c mra rra cenep, a sa1er.i c BocToKa 2 0 6 ~ 0T O X ~ ~ H C T33fiMM3na ~ H Y , 06~11~j11ibie IlpOCTp2HCTBa OT ~ M H ~ ~ K A~0 ' L U ~
~2 sanan, - Ha IIepBb1k B3mRR, olpamaer n e i i c ~ ~ ~ ~ e nHanpasneHue a~ioe I'wccapc~oroxpe51a a X e n e s ~ b ~Bxo p o ~ ,RnnrlRcb Sacceii~oaxC p e n ~ e kM
3epXHWO H CpenIferO TeYeHMR AMy~apbMMnIi ee JIeBbIX IlpMTOKOB (cp. Bepx~eiiA~ynapbli,BKnmsaR ee EpaBbiC IIpliTOKki C~p~aiIJ2pb10, K~~$MPHM-
C r a s x c ~ u iG.R., 1977, c.36). Ho CXOZCTBO snecb Kaxyrrreecx. 3paroc4ea raH, Baxm M peKM K ~ ~ R ~ UoniitibI c K o ~(nb5i1:0ii0i3 >$.hi., 1954, C. 123;
COBepIiIelIHO He 3lIaJI BepXOBbeB O K C M~ BepxHHk, R O ~ T O T Hp~C&T ,O K 1954a, c.308; 1956, c.23, 25). 3 ~ TyO ~ I K3peHi:H ~ npononxae-r apryMe1rTIi-
310k P K H nOCTy.?MpOBaH IiM TOnbKO Ha OCHOBaHHU TeQPeIHqeCKflX CO- posaTb 5.8. CTBBMCKMG. OH ~ s i i ~ Iaj ea ~ ~ p i-< Toxapiiz~ari
~o onpeaenz~~oi~
06pawteHuk. CorAUaIGi, npUMLIKZ04aR Y MapM~aU ~ I T o ~ K~ 6Ma ~~ R ~puu MCTO~UKO-KyJXbTypH0k O ~ ~ ~ C T LKOTOPPR
M , IlpOCTIiPaeTCR OT r1iHn~~)'lLIa
C CeBepa E BOCTOKa, TaKXe, Ha nepBb1k B3mRi[, MOXeT 6b1Tb On03HaHa Ha a o r w c c a p c ~ o r oxpe6ra, BKnto'i3R noriocy r i p a ~ o d q ~ c ~;lob Iic;i~i@a, z Kep-
conpe~emioiiKapre, TaIc YTO m x ~ 3 ee ~ 1sac15 oKaxeTcrr npaMepHo Eznax- K L unu
~ naxe Yapmoy: M O X B ~ I - ~ I Bbacceiiti ~ ~ T Cpcxririi ii o ~ ~ i : iUepxireii
c~i~
~ ' t ~ t i 0 h .$iL ~ M i l a h ? l ? p o ~(cp. Bernard P .; Erancfofi H.~-p ., lQ7E, , L \ i y n a p ~ ~( S~avisi;? B. J ., 1977, c.253-35'7: Clr?ai:c~iiii 5.2., i950,
c.5) - Ho 5% sro He TaK. Corzuaaa Mapma K n ~ o n e ~ B e xyKa3aHHbIX EMU c.43-46; 1977, c.38, 40, 4 1 ) . K 70%x e TOlii.;e 3peIirIX CK;l0tIRZTCil 1'. @pair:
rpaHUUaX - IiCKyCCTBeHHOe C03DaHK.5, KOTOpOe RBMJIOCb pe3yJIbTaTOhl 5 a ~ r p w s- ~ y n ~ q p m iUeaTp ii 06rmipsoro pafioiia. onoRcaaHoro ropami
ppyx p a 3 ~ b i xn p e ~ c ~ a s n e 06 ~ u3i r o l crpaae. H w a x ee sacla - 310 Cor- 1ia ceBepe, BocToKe M mre M op01~iae~:oro 1 y ~ a p b e G joIra .qenMrcn Ha R B ~
maHa 3pa~oc+eaa,cesepaax - C o r n u u a r~irmapxau l l o c u ~ o m ~ . YzcTu: mxtHym, 1.e. A$raHc~miTj'p~ecraii,li ceBepH]m, n p a ~ o 6 e p e m y m ,
Komenmui COTAU~HLI, CBR3aHHaR C IIpeZCTaBneHUeM 06 O K C KaK ~ 1.e. T~,D,XHKMCT~I~ (@pail P., 1972, c.12, 31, 234, 235, Cp. c.74). B 0 6 ~ e h 1 ,
38 MOXHO CKa3aTb, YTO npe2CTaBJIeHMC 0 & ~ K T P M K aM
K 0 CTpaHe, 0 6 a e n ~ ~ f f B -
 mefi oaswcbr n A ~ ~ ~ H CTypKecTaHa, K O ~ O M mmmrx qacreii T ; i r ~ ~ u ~ i i c ~ a l r a !t Bcnen 3a HUM A n e ~ c a ~ n psepe3
a OKC~3 E ~ K T P HBWC o r n u a ~ yB 37-9 r .
M Y ~ ~ ~ K u cRBnReTCR T ~ H ~cefiqac, n p e 0 6 n a @ 1 0 4 ~U~M 3 Her0 MCXOnRT KaK -10 ~ . 3 . B, H O B ~nepexoa Ane~carmpaqepes OKCu3 E i a ~ r p mB Cormatry
us 0 6 ~ e n p m i m o r o(cp. MTH, r, 1963, c.8; r a + y p o ~E.T., 1972, c.78; H 328r. DO Ti.3., XBHXeHMe A n e ~ c a ~ pU 3a C O ~ A U ~E H
E~KI T~U B H
327
) r.
r a 4 y p o ~E.T., I J ( u 6 y ~ ~ c A . & i .1980,
, c.235). 20 H.3.
M o m ~ os n o m e cornacuTbca c reM, uro rpar-ruqa M e w E a ~ r p u e i ia Coo6me~1ie o nepexone Ijecca ~1epe3OKC npmaAnemT, OqeBltmlO,
C o r m a ~ o f ino O ~ c y- ycnoBaa (Macco~B.M., 1950, c.175, 176) u TO ,,o~lilIUUIb~~fi" TpantiUMU. AppMaH rOBOpUT, T O S ~ C Cy6e1-an , OT A n e ~ -

3Ta YCnOBHOCTb O ~ X R C H B ~ T C ICKnOHHOCTbK)

I aHTU%IX aBTOpOB npOBOfiUTb campa, nepenpmuncrr lrepes OKCM yuen B I ~ ~ B T ~pacnonoxelrabre KM, B
py6emu IIO PeKaM (CT~BWCK& E.R., 1976, c.44). H0 Henb3R He yQfT61- Cornuiic~oficTpwe (Anab., M,28, 9). To x e caMoe y K y p w ~XOTR , B Ka-
Barb, s T 0 M W R YCnOBHOCTli nOJIXeH 6b1~bnOBOR B peUIbH0k ~ e f i ~ ~ ~ l i ~ e n b - YeCTBe MeCTa, Kyna ynanMnCR Gecc, Ha3bIBaeTCR npOCT0 C O ~ W ~(Yn, I I ~4,
HOCTM M ZITO aHmrMarr reorpa+sri He MeHee sacro, seM no peKaM, npoBomi- ?!:I. 8 3103%co06~e1i~tl-i 0 MapllIpyTe E ~ c HIiYerO
c ~ He rOBOpMTCR, r i C l f 0
na rpaHaubr M no r o p m (cp. mmHyro rpaauuy E a ~ ~ yp TmO ~ Ox e 3 p a ~ o c - I O : I ~ K 9O10, Fecc, nepenpaBMsrnHcb qepes OKC,nonan B C o r n ~ a ~ayuhrerf- ,
4- e ~ .a ) . .iO B 06nac1b HaB~aKll ( B ~ ~ X H YaCTb
R E nOJlUHb1 K a l ~ a n a p b u )HO
. no TOMy
Ecnu rOBOpMTb 0 PeaJIbHOCTM rpaHUWI no A ~ y a a p b eB qenoM, TO, ose- xire Cah?O>fy MapllIpyTy ,~~OII;rceii 6 ~ 1 nnp0kni M AneK~aHnp,TaK KaK OH
BIUHO,cnenyeT BbmeJrIiTa B 3~0.uBonpoce m a acnema: peKa K ~ Krpaau- npecnenoaan Eecca no narahi.
W KynbIYpH2.R M PeKa K a K ~paHUUaa,E(MHHMCTpaTMBHaRMnM IIOnMTEiseC- C o o 6 u e ~ ~ ioe nepesone A;ie~campaqepes OKCTaKxe IIpJMaZlnYXHT
Kan. B OUeHKe 3TUX aCneKTOB, ~ ~ ~ Y C ~ npaB O B Hn.OLepHap:
, Ahfynapbri ..o+lr~nians~ofi"r p m ~ t w i ~ h-o-ropyo
, nepeamT ti Appua~i(iLrlab,!'r, 39.
HHKOrRa He 6b1na KYnbTYPHbIM P Y ~ ~ X OOM CO, ~ ~ H HBO CBOeM Gacceke, 3 . 4 ) ; M Kypwiii (Yn,5 , 13-18>. Mapupyr noxona . 4 n e ~ c a ~ n pKa O ~ c y
HO W C T O 6bl~aJIa, U B npeBHOCTU H nO3EHee, ~ R M M I M C T ~ ~ T H B H WOl U~ nOnM-
~ r! 32 OKCOM OIIMCPH B HCTO'lliMKZX mOBOnbHO n o n p o 6 ~ 0 ,l-i Ha OCHOBaHHU
m e c ~ o i irpz~wueii ( Bernard P., Francfort H,- p . 1978, c.60, 2 : 3rO OliPCaliMR I?CC?IC~OEaTeJI1I IlOYTH e~UH0,Q~UIHO YKa3bLBaWT Ha Kens+
69) . 3 m e T ~ TO ~ , ~ C T O ~ K~ oMo 6 4 esawe ~ m c u p rpaaamr p ~ sropo- X Z K H a hiecTo neperrpaebl A>eKcaH;lpa qepes h4ynapbW. K TOM^ onpene-
ro pona. lilHHX),Ha Ham BsmEn, HUI53n lie IIpMCOeDiHMTbCE.
Coo6rne~wrrC~pa60HaH H ~ o n e ~ e 06 rr O ~ c K e ~ KrpaHuqe E a ~ r p Mu ~ HO B OnHCatiKM IIOXO~aK O K CUMeeTCR ~ OZ<a neTanb, KOTOpaR, K a K
C0r~aEib1TaKOBbI, WO CaMU no ce6e OHU ~ ~ ~ C T B U THe~ MOfyT ~ ~ H O HIt 5 ~ 2 ~ n0o,s a o n ~ eyTBep;i\li@Tb,
~ 910 B CoweHMrrx U C T O ~ I ~ K OA Bne~ca~npa
nonTB?pLlH~b.IiM OnpOBeplHy~bpeaJIbHOCTb rpaHA4bI n0 A ~ y n a p b e - B G OKCK ~ Kua rpuisiw hremy F a ~ r p n e i ui Cornwa-
:i:r ~ C T K ; I X : J K ~ ~ Z ~ ? H:i3
cMbIcne u nporrrmeHHocm ee, u XapaKTepa (cp. Bernard P ., Francfort H- HOE (cM., iianptih5ep: C T ~ B ~ ~ CE.X., K K ~1977,
; ~ c.37). C y ~ qno K y p u ~ ,
p., 1978, c.9). Y ~ a s m r ecoo64e~urrC ~ p a 6 o ~M anronehtex B O C X O ~ R T . ~ ~ : : K c ~ I I ;HIa~ IiyTki M 3 ~ Z K T K ~OKCYTlpOIlIeJl TI0 CorZ16i~icr<ofi ;i).CTblHe,
K 3pa10c@eKy. H0 ~ P ~ T O He C ~paCIIOnarUI
~ H C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ I MCBefieHMRMM
II ~RliYBllIefi~E Ha ~pOTRXeHKU400 CTanMeB (Yn, 5, 1-12). Y~e?h?eo 6 r n o
0 DaJIbHek A3m. @aKnt¶e~KMeMaTepUmbI, Ha KOTOpbIX OH IfOCTpOAJI II>ICiMMSMT B n2HHO.M Cnrsae IiOCJle~OBaTenbHOCTbCO~EITX? TT;:cB, KaK0fi
CBOX) cxehiy, samcTBosajiar, B OCHOBHOM, y I ~ C T O ~ K K O BAJIeKcaHfipa ~ .IIpe;ICT2B.72!ia
:;,i..
" y KypIliiR. ~ 2 1 1 3 ~COi"JIaC1iThCR
0 C 31117-1 KFLV--':i, T a l i Kay
( Bernard P ., Francfort H - p .....,.-?L?PXlE ZOZ.?e~OllaTS.ll:7Ii(>2Tb REnReTCR pe3YXbTT"TOM :iC-::'CZT3Elx71h:X
., 1978, c.6, 12). Bsicltaz~~sa.-;ccb
a npemonomeme o ~ ~ B M C K ~ T O C 3parocGe~a TW B TOM OTHomeHm OT a e - :...,:,..I
- poe:ii!B Kypmr;~. Ko~.i6mii~pya s cBoeM r ~ ~ ~ o ; i c e 235
s ~ a i-- F ~ C J ~ WOH
">?
,
hronma ( E n a ~ u w ~ GB.A., i 1961, c.142, 143). q~06b1Y C T ~ H O B M T ~K, ~ K O - nbrTailcri p a c c ~ a 3 o KoHUe Eiecca, n p m ~ n e m a n p i k ,IFoi.:z.:-:rImeclcoM
B ~ 6 I b 1 n ~OcHoBamR y 3 p a r o c 4 e ~ amrr onpeneneaEa rpaHnmI Memy T ~ ~ A U L W M(Curt ., >TI,4, 1-19; 5 , 19-26, 36-43; cp. Dicd ., X m ,83,
E a ~ ~ p M eHk C O ~ R H ~no HO O ~K C ~HYW(H0
, PaCCMOTPeTb yKa3amR 7-$) , CoBMecTIiTb c OnncaxilWehS nepenpmbl gepe3 OKCno , , o @ R ~ F ? ~ ~ H o ~ "
wcrop~A ~ on e~~ c a ~ n H paa 3101 cser . ~ p a ~ , u r a(Curt ~ t ., >-, 5, 13-18, 27; cp. Aman .,Anab ., m,29, 3-5; O m -
yKa3aHMR Ha py6ex hiemAy Gaxrpueii u Cormmoi;- MOXHG ~ 3 ~ n e r i b came nepenpasbr B c ~ o e i rocaone g o n m o s o c x o m n K n r o n e ~ e m ,cp.
w o w c a cnewmrrrux
~ ~ ~ c06brr6 acropm A n e ~ c a ~ n p nepexop. a: Eecca Kornemann E.J935, c.130). C O B M ~ J Q ~olcasanocb HM~ He oseab YfiaWbIM
 rn
4
( eCTb OCtfOBatfMRnOnO3peBaTL, qTO B ,, P O M ~ H T M Y ~ C K O BePCMM ~" 0 nepe-
t
5
i
npase sepes OKC ~ 0 0 6 u etie roBopmocb, M TO, KOHCYHO, 3a~pyg11mo ;
npaeMnhHoe coenMHeHlre ~epcrtii) , M B K ~ ~ O H ( ~ HKM yM p m nepexon ~ sepes i
C O ~ U M ~ ~nyCTb111K)C K ~ M CTan npeLIUleCTBOBaTb nCpenpaBe uepe3 OKC.Me-
M y TeM B , , P O M ~ H T M Y ~ C TpanUUMM
K O ~ ~ " nepCXOn Yep3 3 T Y nYCTblHm Cne-
nosan 3a pacnpaB0ii c 6 e c c o ~(cp. Diod.., XYn, 83, 7-9 ~i pro1 ., 19) , a CTpaHe IIapeTaKOB ( Anab., 1Y,22, 2 ) . M e w C O O ~ I U ~ H M ~ 0M 3MMOBKe
31a nocrremxn, C ~ Z Rno npyrofi BepcwU, npou3oy:rra y x e nocne neperr- , 4 n e ~ c a ~ n pw a p a c c ~ a s o0 ~6 ocane cKanbr X o p ~ e ~Aap p n a ~rOBOpMT o
paBbl qepes OKC( Arrian., Anab .,a, 29,6-30, 5 .= Ptol.,fr. 14). B3RTHM C O T ~ ~ CCKanbI K O ~( Anab.,
~ lY, 18,4-19,j). BonpeKM IIOqTM 06-
B , , p o ~ a r f m s e c ~ o i i TpanMluili
" @irypriposanu M E a ~ ~ p M i i c K~ a ~ , ZeMy y6ej~ne~M1o, nOpRnOK M3nOXeHUR Y Appriaria 3neCb He COOTBeTCT-
Cormriic~an ~ Y C T ~ I HCM~ .e n e ~ow n~e p ~ o k ( Curt ., YE, 4, 27-29) nyeT n e l i c ~ a w ~ e n ~ rxoay ~ o ~ ~06b1Tllfi.
y 310 onrm ~3 Tex Y ~ C T ~ IcnysaeB, X
!1
CBII3aHb1, OYeBMWO, C nOXOAOM A n e ~ c a m p a01 6aKTp A 0 O K C (cnen0- ~ o K O T O ~ ~ Inpenynpexnaer
X caM A p p l r a ~( Anab., IY, 8 , l ; 14,4), Korna 1 '
b OJi rpynIDipyeT ~06blT>iR Ife B X ~ O H O J I O T M ~ ~ CnOCnenOBaTe.~bHOCTri,
KO~~ a ; !I
BaTenbHO, 310 IIYCTblHR MeXny ~ U I X C K M M Oa3MCOM M A ~ y n a p b e i iy Kenu-
+a). 0 ~ ~ o p opaCCKa3brBanOCb
ii ( Curt., Y n , 5, 1-12; Diod., m,pro!., no cxonc-r~y,no a ~ a n o r ~(CM. a 0 6 TOM npaexte y A p p ~ a ~ a : S c h E.,, ~ a ~ t ;:
~
C O ~ ~ I T I . I MMeBJUMMM
R ~ ~M, h?eCTO YXe IlOCJIe ncpenpab: 1957, C. 145; cp. r a + y p o ~G.T.? & i 6 y ~ ~ n l . E.M., ic 1980: c. 2 5 3 ) . B n a ~ - ii
19) B CBR3M C I.
Yepe3 OKC ( eCnM MCXOnMTb M 3 peaJIbH0fi ~OC~C~OBaTeIlbHOCTM co61,1~~fii, ! i o ~c.qysae T ~ K M ~ IarianorwnibIM13
M C O ~ ~ I T M R MAppaari
U cqen o c a w Cor-
TO TO, cKopee Bcero, Kapurritrc~ancTenb K Iory OT oa3wca Kapmli). IM~CKOCC K ~ _ ' I ~11I CKaJIbI X O ~ I I C liI I nOCTaBiITI ~ M X ~ X ~ O MX .p o ~ o n o r a -
,,04M~XlbHaR" TPaAHWR TaKXfie HaMeKaeT Ha 3111 ZBe IIYCTbIHM, KOrZa qeCKMe HeyBR3KM, BbITeKamLUMe M 3 T ~ K O G TIOC~e~OBaTe~bHOCTlI, 6b~1l1 I I1
- Ii
ynomieaer o TPYAHOCTRX, Koropbie nperepneno ~ o i r c ~A on c ~ c a ~ n pB Oa oTMeseHbI ewe B.B. Tapaohf, XOTR B ~ I B O KoTopbre ~ ~ I , OH nenaer $33 3 T O F O
3 p e m noxOn2 K O K CM~3a O K C O( ~Arrian., ~ Anab., U,3 0 . 6 ) . . . G , n ~ r r e a : i ~K, ~ X Y T C R HaM ~e o s e m ynaqrIbrbiri ( Tarn \V. W.,
:;.-n r, 1948:
Cooo'rrre~ue o cnenyromeM nepexone AneKca~fipa qepes OKC ~3 <. 72,?3). B I!CTOWMKe A p p I i a ~ a0 B3RTUM Cornriiic~oiiCKanbI paCCKa3bI-
6a~~pm B C i o r n ~ i a ~ .npencrasneHo
y B o6enx rpazriwnx. B ,, o@~in~iani,- ~ ~ I I O C npmiepHo
L B TOM me MecTe, B K ~ K O MroBoprinocb o B ~ R T M MCOOT-
a e ~ c ~ s y m ~ eii u e cKa--ibI
k A p r r ~ a s aB , , p o ~ a ~ i ~ r i . ~ e cBepckiii
~ o i i " (cp. Curt., ,
H0fi:( TpaLIIIU41Ii A n e ~ c a ~ a PeUIIiB p, B03BpaTUTbCR Pi3 ~ ~ K BT Cornwaey, P
raeT K O K CH, ~ nepenpaBmmicb ~ e p e 331' peKy, OKa3hIBaeTCR B Cor:wa- Yn! 11 ; . Diod.: XYn, pro!., 2 5 ) . n o liypwim, A n e ~ c a ~ nnpMruen p B
i
He ( Arrian ., Anab ., IV, l j ? 7 ; 16, 1; c u r l .,\'11,10, 1 3 ) . O nepzxonc 0 6 n z c ~ b);opiietia! ' ii x e r i w c n 33ecb Ha P O I C C Z H pu,~ 4: 21-30; Epit.R.G.
sepes OKC ~ O B O P M T C RHa TOT pa3 M B , , P O M ~ T M Y ~Tpa3~11misi: C K O ~ ~ A~X ~ K - 1 2;le.Y. hf.: 28; -.-06 3TOIvf C O O ~ I L ~ ~ HI:Y~UMR HU
.~ ..KaK
. . .06 O R H O $ J ~ B _ ~ ~ E C X ~ ~ pat- ; _
caanp neperrpasiincx sepes OKC M ,,noKOpan c o r m i i u e ~~ ~ o p o pa3" ii $ 1 ~ 2 3o 3 B3RTMM C K L T ~ I E P r r e ~ aCM.:'Markwart .. - . . .J., - .1938,
.. . . c. 73). 3 a r e ~
~

. i A ~ ~ ~ C ~ H ~ ~ p , ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ & ~ 3-e ~~ ls x~ x(& ini agrum

( Cud., Yn, 10, 15; Diod., x m , pro!., 24). Gym I10 TOMY, YTO /l,riel:- . ~ ~ Cctiianurn):'i i ~ K
CaHnp AOCTMr peKM OKC Ha qe1Bep~hlfi2eHb ( Curt., !'IT: 10. 13). J:x
, --
--
n,p-c g m ~ m i K~KOG-TO o , , ~ p e n o c ~ ~a i nepenpaBHncx
" - . sepes
~ . . peKy .... .. OKC 1;
/
I ~ C ~ O I I ~ ~ O B ~ : I I~e
~ C L6nr:xaGruiie K b a n s y riepenp2sbi. C ~ o p e encerct: . . e x . M., 3 2 ) . Kypmifi r o ~ o p r ~i i ~o ~eiicrsiir;sXpaxepa,
)J

-.
.>.-Gc;~~:cR pzccxa3 o Hrix c s o 6 ~ ~ i e ~ or i IIOKOpeHIiIi e~ ~~0nliII~p~0~03i
MaKeZOHCKOe B O ~ ~ C K &In0 O J.Xe .FOpOie I! !I?lXiIp33:?-
TI3 ~ P O T O ~ C F I H C G
noch oi:.?rb 3 p a j i o ~ eiien1id;a. 8.y ; ~ ; a i;.v,~;:<::;:z
~~,~ PIS, 5, 2) .
I 5 3;p.-..
~ia.2 .A--I ~ U ~ C K O G r" p a r i w v , cofir,!r~x, n p o l i c x o z : >: crpz~ie
OWHb BaXHO AJIR yCTaHOBneFiM5 nO&THHHbIX rpaHUrr Me-MI 6 2 ~ 1 -
pliek M C O ~ R M ~npOCJIenliTb HO~ nBMXeHMe AneKca~npaM 3 c0~lT.HaHb1B !iZpeTmOB, oxeecesrj1 K Ijaicrpna~e.0 5 ZTOM csmexenzcrsy;rrr f i a m ~ i e
6aKTpliKI B KOHUe er0 npe6b1BaHriR B 3TMX CTpaHaX. B , , o @ & ~ u M ~ J I L H o ~ ~ . '
TpaIiItHJi OCHOBHbIe BeXN 3 T O r O DHXeHUn T;II(OBLI.n o A p p ~ a ~ Ay n, e ~ - I
j ''3 'mzimx TeKcTa ICypum -4 n p a a m m 0 6 m 0 naeTcx B @ o p e Oxyartes
Ho 3 pyKOiiI;Cir:< Z w o aanxmiiriz Cohortandes, KoTOpOe, HeCOMHeHHO, S E n R -
~'TC.Y IicKaiite;iiicr.i xi:.$exx Chorian,jr, (>iakrnart J., 1938. c., 73: 74). !
43 I
 Tpora: A ; ~ e ~ c a m,,pBc.ry1run B 3 e ~ n m6a~lpMaHoB( in terran-r Bactria-
,l:mj. c ~ a n o f iX o p ~ e ~ iinri a , C u c u ~ r ~ ~ M~ pnepenpa~ofi a. wpe3 OKC,a
rlorurn) ii )KeHuJICR [la P o K c ~ H ~(' Anecd. . Rue., Laur. 174- 176, Bamb.
154, 155 - fr. 94a, See1 ) . Kypiurfi pacc~a3bieaer6onee 110ilpo6~o. 4apb .:ic~e, ~{OXCT~ ~ I T E yI 6 ~a h, ' e ~ a ,
pacnonoxcHHax ,ganbure. no o w 0 2 sep-
COBepmbill nOXOA B O ~ J I ~ C TIfaBTaKOB L M flpUCTyllHn K CKaJIe C i i ~ P i ~ i f @ p a
::'M. K;iK ~ Y A T OOTnliYaeTCfl OT C O ~ C T B ~ ~ I ~H ~ OK T P U a M
no , Apyrofi - CqH-
T ~ ~ T C6Ra ~ r p r i ~ c ~3eh~neii. o f i
( Curt., YU, 2, 19; cp. Diod., prol., 29), c o o r v e r c ~ ~ y r o u i ecKane B Xo-
i l r a ~ ,m p m p y r !IocrlezHero rxoxona . A n e ~ c a ~ a p~a i 3C o r n n a ~ hB~
pMeHa n p e n ~ e ~ ~ TpaDllWM. ~ y l ~ ~~ Oe C~J B3RTMHI ~ CKanbl A l l e K ~ ~ nOC-p
' ; ~ K T I ] M % ~ ~ M O X H OROCCTatiOBMTb C J I C L I y K I ~ I I Mo 6 p a 3 0 ~ nyTb . O T CTPaHbI
~ a s u n@analfry ( no11 1rpenRonnTenbcreoM Kpa~epa?)Ann noicoperixn O T -
IIaBmax, a caM ~ B U H ~ J I Caanbme R rpymoii r o p ~ o i aoporoii
i ( Curt., YI11, i!aBTaKOB B 0o'~lac~lb ra3a6a BllnOTb a0 y!Jenbrl 3aHm TPM ZHR; flpM BCTy-
?, 33, 3 4 ) . 3necb, 13eCOM11e~IH0,hieCT0 0TnpaB~leHMHCOBMeQeHO C MeCT0h.i ;nexmi B c ~ p a ~ napeTaKon
y cocToRnacL ocana cKanbr Xopweiia, nnM Cwcn-
llp1i6blTMR, IlpM 3TOM Ha3BaHMe nepBOrO BhITeCIiMnO Ha3BaHrie BTOporO i t ~ i @ p a
Janee A n e ~ c a ~ n nepenpanMBuMcb
p , qepes OKC 6nu3 Kpenocrn,
( hiarkwart J., 1938, c., 7 3 , npMbi.1). ~ e p n o ~ o q a ~ rCl _O~Oo ~ U ~ H M ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ O 2 i l ~ 6 h ~
B . 6aKTpb1,
~ rile Ii COeaMHMnMCb BCe MaKenOHCKUe OTPRDbl, flpMm

/i. B BWy, 'ir0 MaKe~OHCKOeBOGCKO, OTIIPaB~DIlIMCbM 3 O ~ J I P C T HHaHTBKOB,

L L I L ' J U I ~ ! ~153 C T P ~ H ~napeTaKoB
I
;I!ICRH~,IM ~ O S O A O M A n e l i c a ~ ~ pOT
n G y 6 a ~ e i i ~Bo3hfom~0,
a cKanLI C a
1.
c ~ h f ~ $ p
YTO no2 ruecTM-
Ma wMencx o B M S ~
c -. npn6bmo B o 6 n a c ~ bnaperaKoB. Ho sra nyrattuua UonxHa 6braa conepxa-
TbcH )'KC B o 6 ~ UCTOqHMKe e ~ K y p ~ i Mi ~Auonopa, 1.e. B COYMHeHMM K ~ M - iioso3 ero K ~ o w e q ~ ouentr i i - K ropo,zy E ~ K T B ~ TaKoXi
~ I . c x p a e HalIaue-
- . .-
j i l t ? Ha caKoH 6 ~ x 112 0 uenbm, a , T U I I I ~no60~1rbrxr3nH3OZO>l noxoaa. Ecnu
~~~ ~

~ a p x a Tofi
. me T ~ ~ I L I M ~U PJ M~ HH ~ U J ~ ~ eXu eI ~oms,
T rperbx Bepcax. F I o c ~ o -
;:CSOZHI>IG IIV1IK.I 3~01.0 .sia:~:u~:'~a r~efic:-eii-renbaoHa,yo;liL-1ci; B sepxtieii
/ : I ~ K Y otia T O M ~ o c x o K n L~jrli~apxi;
~ ~ ( F o s R.L.,1975: c.534): T O ; HaUO
~ -
'A -

;acrri onw war,^ Kam~ariapbri,r,ie-T0 B o6nac~1iKeura, To 6b1.70 6b1 MHTepe-

4)'MaTb, KOIIT~MIiHai!I110 B T O P O ~if~ T P S - T ~ C ~BepCUI1? npii3BCJI cX>l K n ~ r a p x .
C??0 COnOCTaBIiTb P ~ K O ~ I C T ~ Y ~ ~ P O BMa13MPYI ~ I I H ~ I ~A,TeKCa~npa
~ C coo6ue-
Kyp~utGn3~1araer~ T YBepcMiO IaK: A Z ~ K C ~ HabicTynmI UP ~3 3 ~ x m e r ona-
:iIiSISlM Cpe~HeBeKOBhl);~OPOX13IIKOB0 IlyTli OT Kerua 20 6a;ixa (CM.0
repR ( c n e i l o ~ a r e r l s ~ 133
o , o 6 x a c ~ iH
i ~ B T B K O13BHanpauiincn
) B 06nacl-b Fa-
3a6a (S.U, 4, 1) ; Ha ~ p e r z~l tdi b I I ~ T W y, K ~ K O ~ O - T,,yue~ibri..:
O HaQ ~ o i i c - . F a p ~ o r r bB.B.:
~ i ? 1963, c.,:??, 193; Tornaschek W.:I , i8SS. c.
K O M p13pa31LiIacb CHeXHaR 6 y p ~(VM,4, 2-ii?; cp. Diod., XSrn>pro].,
3:, 23). Cornacxo 3 T l i h l ~ O P O X I I I I KO~T M Keula
, qepe3 o6nacrb rysapa
29) noC.?e flOAMOml?,oKa3a~HofiB O ~ ~ C K 'CI?~H~lki@p@hl, O H 0 0TnpaBl.inOCb
io Xene3~1,rx ~ o p o r
- T e m p e nepexona, OT >E;e.~e3~hls BOPOT qepe3
I ?pale3 20 53Xxa - nRTb nZpeXOLIOB. IIepBaR IIOJOBiiHa JrK23aHHOr0n\'lM
-7

fia;ibWe 5 ~ l e ~ ~ l l l l l e ~I T~O Xh0l3 fIlpOTIiH

i CaKOB (YIi: 4, 2 0 ) . If.>fapK~2pT,
npaBiiIIbH0 ~ a ~ n 0 3 l f a B l ~B 1 3TOM ? ~ c0064eH111i C:leQbI C ~ M O C T O X T ~ ~ ~ H O ~ ~ \lOr.la 6 ~ 1COOTBeTCTBOBaTb TpeXWeBHOMy n0XOzy ~ ~ ~ h - c a t i i Bn;IOTL lpa
1 0 )'LUe,TbH. A J ~ ~ ~ c c ~ PBliraHCb
H I I ~ , lia HeIIpHXTenR YCKOPeHHblM RIaPLUeM.
nepc:rri p a c c ~ a 3c ~B ~ R T ~ I H C KC ~~ ~. r~cI ~ ~ ~ i orMerrm, @pa, YTO c a m ocaaa
CKZTbi I? Caaqa ee C~.<MM.ZM@PORI 33eCb BblIl?'ZUeHbI, IIOCKOXLK!. 0 HMX )' >lor npeOpOXeTb 3 T O T n):TL K M C N O a Y TpeTbeTO ZHR. Ta326a: 5 TaKC>i C.I!'-
*at, 2O;ljSHa COOTBeTCTBOB3Tb O ~ J I ~ C T ry3apa.
,,.??
II Dropan nO:iGBiiHa nyTii>
K y p ~ u i xpaccica3biBanocb B npyroii sepcriri ( Markwait 3 .$
1938, c.,73).
B ~ I ~ M Mnoxox O, B oo'nacrr? rasa6a npenrrrec~eoeanBcTynneHIim B CTpaHy OYeBMaHo, COOTBeTCTBYeT 3an.iIaHiipOBaIlHOhly AneKca~npohf LUeCTiiaHeB-
napeTaKoB, m e EiaxozMnacb c ~ a x C c iic~~~f@pa. H O ~ noxoay.
I ~ nepenpasa qepe3 OKC 6na3 KpenocTrr 6bina cosepuelia;
iicopee ncero, B pairone Tepxrc3h. TO me KacaeTcR 6y6aKelib1, TO 2 C T b
A p n c ~ o 6 y n ,cynn no c o x p a ~ ~ i ~ r u~r pt ~ a r~sci ~e r r ~e rao~noBecTBoBa-
FiMR, ~ ~ U ~ T ~ I K ~ B BI LOIIIiCaIfKI!
' & ?T!i;i C ~ 6 b l ' i ~E:; , $ ~ h i 3 ~ ~ ~ i 4 . 1 c ~ o j i . . ~ ~ ~ - 2CHOBBHIIR EO.TaraTb. '4TO Ot!3 11pl!.\?eFIiO COOTBeTCT3:.'?T K03,C.!!2!ILLI?ll>'
NfW:Ii, TSKme O T H O C M ~ nzfic~mir; A : I ? K C ~ H Ut! ~c~ ~ p a enapcraKQB ()'TTai:lO, T.e. 0 6 3 a c ~ i Ky;i~6a. i
np&i TaKOM IiCTO~KOBaHllll XlaPUIpyTL A n e ~ c a ~ x p~nO;-iRH):TO?vly a
6 a ~ r ~ xC w~ . ~ a 5Ko+op5lfi
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YLUeXbP 6 y ~ y TCOOIBeTCTBO5aIb xeJIe3~b1€BOpOTa. K ~ )'me K rOBOpUnOCb,
TO c ~ a n aCxcMhlu+pa, r s e 6bina ornpaanriosa~ac ~ a n b 6 aA n e ~ c a ~ q ~
' o K c ~ H ~H ~~ ,~ O I I ~ TBC 6R a ~ r p n a ~(4e &$ hWLaT> (Xl,fl, 4). 6 . 7 ~ 3310ro ,,YLUW~R, roplioro npoxona" ( saltus ) hiaxei;ot;cKoe BGGCKO
EOIIaJIO B CHeXHYRJ 6ypm. HO COrXaCHO APYrMM UCTOYHXKaM, CHerOnaLibl
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I! ~IpOnOEG.T5CT3CliHbIeTpyLLHOCTIi, C YeM &i CBR3aHa 6b1na nOMOLIib CHCH-
mBmaRcR yme 3a npenenahqr? Cornriz~brI? pacnorromeHaas, OYeBHnHo,
>!ri+pa: : - z n X o p l j e ~ a ,iiMenlr Mecro K ~ Kpas o o Bpexm o c a m ero c h - a n ~ ~
. . .
44 - . 3 . . , l r , 21, 10; Plut., Ales., 53), n p e r p ~ a ~ r r r esixi o a B
 n a p e ~ a ~ e(cp. ~ y Curt., YM,2, 20). C O ~ C T R ~ HMMClleM H ~ I M Ce 3 3 1 ~ k i T I i M K 8 C J I O ~ H YWM M , cxeMa 3pa~oc@eira,~rlirubqacrlrq~oC O B L L ~ J X ~ K ) IcU IIOC- ~M

6bln0, OUeBMflI10, ,,Clic5iMM@pn , a , , X O ~ H C ~ ~ OMnM M " , , X O ~ H ~ I ~ Oero M", rren~eii.B rtaylr~oiinurepaType yme B ~ I C K ~ ~ ~ I B ~ JM I OHC~LH M C , u o upe-
YTO

Ha3111BanM Mhfel3If 06nacrn iinM nJleh?eHI1, BlIaCTMTeneM K O T O ~ OOH~ XB-- ~ MeHa AneKcaHnpa rpaHMua h%ejh'WE a ~ ~ p u eni C i o r ~ ~ a l lno el i i c ~ ~ ~ ~ e n b ~ o
JIRnCR. MOrna IIpOXOnMTb Ha KaKOM-TO )nlaCTKe n0 A ~ y x a p b e- B paG01le COBpe--
Y n o ~ u ~ i y r ,,cyana"
a~ n o ~ a n ~ 3 0 s a n a nc o~ - p a 3 ~ o ~ yC. a ~ a r c y6e- Merirroro K e p m (Cra~nclcriLE.R., 1977, c., 37) nnn rinxe BnaneHMff pe-
K M K y l m 3 a ( Bernard p., Francfort H. - p ., 1978, c.,12) n XMLUb
XkITellhliaU, K B K HaM KXKeTCR, JlOKaJIM3aUMR ee, rOpa3nO Gonee COOTBeT- -

CTB)'KlLUaX AallHbIhl MCTOUHMKOB, UerM BCe npenJIOXeHHble BnOClIeQCTBMM, BnocnencTBjin cami rpeqecKMe r e o r p a + ~ rpacnpocrpariunM ec Iia BCC TCUe-
6brna O ~ O C H O B ~ IB{ .~T o . z ? a r n e ~ oHa~ Marepuane K y p r a i ~(YW, 2, 19-23). tlMe O K C ~P. ~ C C M O T ~ ~ BbllIIe I I H L CI ~O O ~ ~ ~ HnOKa3bIBaIOT,
M R VTO CllYTIIMKM
OH nohqeqaeT 3 T Y , , C K U I ~B" p a i i o ~ eX e n e 3 ~ ~ 1~xo p o r IIbIHe , fjysrana- A n e ~ c a ~ n pHamwa rpaauuy MejKRy E a ~ ~ p e ne Cl o r ~ a ~ onpoxonx~ueii ii
xolia jrnM ~ y x r a ~ x o l f(Tornasd~ck a W., I, 1877, c. 27-30, 120; c riiihq cor- no A ~ y n a p b eB paiiotie K e n ~ G a(henjtnwo,
. h y n a p b Rsnxnacb
~ rpaif~ueir
naceH r p n r o p b e ~B.B., n , 188i ,c. 192). Ecnr! TO TaK, TO K P C ~ O Ccny- T~, M HeCKOJIbKO BbIUIe II HMXC 3TOrO nyHKTa. HO BOCToYlIee rpaIijlUa, OTMe--
x ~ i u l n ay~6 e x ~ l u ennR ~ C r i c r i ~ ~ + pHero
a C B M T HaxonMnacL
~I, lia cKane, yeHnaR ropHbIM npoxonOM E y s r m a x o ~ r amna , no m r o - 3 a n a n ~ b o1 ~ p 0 1 . a ~
B 0 3 ~ h l ~ l a ~ l J l 1laX e ~ ~ ,,BO~OT~MM",
ir a A ~ U H H i~! IY ~ ~ K M , , I~~ ~ O X O ~ " ( P C = - r ~ c c a p c ~ o xpe6ra
ro - .KY~UTBHu TTF a~i~i c' y ~ i ~ a(yn p a ~ e p ~coBnauax
io c
ruiuni ) c yKpenneliribrMM noncrynaxi!, ~ ~ C C ~ K ~ Br oN pI ~? b~ ~xpe6er k sanawoii r p a ~ n u e i ic o u p e ~ e ~ l l i oCfy p x a I i ~ a p b K t f ~ Ko~~k ~ ~ c TAH ~ f)y.u a -
H B ~ ~ I B O / M B I L IB : ~ ~nons no ~y CTOpOliy xpe6ra, RsnRncn c a w u ~ ymcnbeM p b lia ~ cooreercTByIoureM )nlacrKe, B TOM w c n e B paiio~ieT e p ~ e s a eciiii .
, , s o p ~ ~ " . M enpOYiih1, ~~y B.Tosfarrre~,HcXOm M 3 T ~ K On o~~ a r 1 ~ 3 a l u - i ~ ri 6b1na rparijiaeii, TO TOnbKO h3exir.y Q B Y ~ ~UR~ C T R M M G a ~ ~ p t-i ~napera-
i
c ~ u i ' i bC~r i c ~ i ~ : i @ p~i s ,GOBOZli.1 cesepwb~iinpenen 6arcrpjis n o Xene3iibrx K C H O ~(3apeYH0fi
~ EaKTp~eii'?) li C O ~ C T B ~ I ~fjaK~pMefi.HO ~ ~ ~ T o c060- J ) ~ H
R O ~ O T :~ O T . " .w lie unonlfe nOcnezOBaTenbHo ( Tomaschek W.1, 1 8 7 7 , ~ 27, . 6iulUI IIOnOXetfkie, ~ ~ I ? K C M ~ O B ~ HMCTOpMKaMM H O ~ A n e ~ c a ~ l pBaOnMCa-
cp. c. 3,5 0 ) . HMRX ero nepBoro ~i ~ r o p o r onoxonoB B C o r n ~ a ~ Korna ~ y , otr nepenpan-
Ctia,ia Ciicii~l{@pa,Irnif X o p ~ e l i a ,ssnRnacL, osesxnwo, He CTOnbKC : I X ~ C R qepe3 A ~ y n a p b l oB p a i i o ~ eKenu@a.T a ~ o h i y0606IIl~~Ml0 cr10iof.3~~-
K ~ ~ : I o c neiic~srtrenb~io
T~~, 3anripasrueii npoxou B cTpaHy (Xene3rible BOBanM M CKnOHHOCTb ~ H T M ' I H O K~ ~~ ~ T O T P ~ @ UK MCXeMaTM3hly! M TeliLleH-
33pOT"erKO oGoii~iiC EUI-2 ) , CKOnLKO nOrpaWNrMbIM IIOCTOM, K O T O D ~ ~ ~ ~ U I R IlPOBO~MTbI'paHMUbl no PeKaM.
o~areiix7lia Gonblrroii nopore pyo'ex M e m y EaKTpMefi if Cormia~iok.Y E a ~ r p l iB~npenenax, oTMeqeHHblx OKCOM15 clcanofi X o p ~ e ~ tinit e,
r I ! ~ O T ! i B O ~ O ~ O ~ H 5n I Sp e , ~ e a o sa x e ~ e ~ ~ i r r c E
~ ao ~i i~ p x Hl ~~ rB ~ C T21iano-
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l i i q ~ 3 1 f iE O I . ~ ~ ~ ~ M ' I H IIYIIKT,
LI~ KOHTI)O~I~~OB~BU nOCTYI:
IH~ BCTpaHY i 32- !
rOC>'A3pCTBa, KOTOpbIe @ I ~ ~ Y P I I P ~ WKaK T ,,kiapOLI" MXlX ,,cTpalia" B Cni.1-
riala: 3TO > . 3 ~ i i e roptible IrpoxonbI (LKm;Eax ) , BenymMe B CKax c a ~ p a n ~Mf iB O ~ C K O B ~ ICX O ~ ~ K H ~ H(B I BHTMYHbIX
? ~ C O Y ~ ~ ~ ~3iJIki ~HI~HX)
EatiTpam (Diod,li, 6 : 1 , 3 = Ctes.,fr. 1b ) , CBeneHax o K O T O ~ ~ IKXr e c ~ f k B nePeUHRX CTPaH: IIOflBnaCIHbSY nepCMnCKOhly UapM (B aXe>fe!iHgCtiJfX
rro~epiiwynx3 orrr?caHIix n o p o r ~,,or 34eca n o E ~ K MTMH~MZI" ~ M KOTO- HannMCRX 1. rpaHMUh1 TaKMX enMHMU 6blJTM Gonee y ~ T ~ i i % i B b l ~lieM ii,
p b ~ e~ o m l r oo ~ o x n e c r s n s T b ,no HarueMy hlaeIluro, c y u e n b e u y ceneHaR rpariMubI ca~panriiiM,o q e s w x o , B 6 0 n b g ~ ~ i c r cnysaeB se LIononLIio 6nii3-
Ga;ia-Myprao'. O v e ~ bnosoxire riorparir?wbIe nyHKrbI hiemRy crpaaaAra a z
2)(f41?141iJCKJI': riopcras l i 3 B X T H h ! B O ~ I ? C B F I I ~ R ' : 3 a n a n i i ~ ~ xoo'nacrpfi.
''"0":A .,XGpOXeBblC i I 0 c ~ i :( G j c , , ~ o p o ~ ~rpaH1i. ~ ~ "
j K O BOC~pOW3BO~~M

1969, c., 171, 172).

~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~p ~y 6L eI xI ~3THliqeCKMX
0 6 ~ . [ ~ ~ c r eoGCooTHoIueHnr!
(
Bxrec~e
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pacnpenensnucb n o n a ~ n( Herod., Irl, 89) 11 pasntilnrb~enoBMtlocrri?B TOM
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rpaHjiuy
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4, 4) i i HaonopoM.no AaHHbIM DpyrliX yrIaCTHIlKOB nOxOna K11pa M n a m e -
ro ( X I Y ,20,2i). MGO c e s e p ~ o i rparrriueii
i nocnen~eiiR B ~ R ~ CTRa ~ a r i c . 47
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G Ha py6exu E ~ K T ~ HUM eNm T B
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1:
U C T O ~ M K O BA n e K c a M n p a MXIO I i H T e p e c o s a n u 3 r i ~ n s e c ~ qu eep T b 1 HaCeJleHMR HeceTcn no p a ~ ~ ~ i c~r pr ao~ fe "(X, 48, 4 ) . Cynn no TO MY C O O ~ ~ ~ H M ~ ,
TeX CTpaH,
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~ K: n m s a R r o x t i y m C o r n ~ z a ~t rya ero n e e o M 6epery" ( Wal-
~ 0 6 a ~ n f l e, , B
bank F.h!,.[I, 1967. ~.263,264).O~~BHJJHO, O ~ ~ ~ K T I I B BOCnPURTMe
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, o~a361sae- Cor~~ia~e.
TCH j'KPelIJeHHi,lhf IIOTpaHM'IliI>IM ROCTOM, 3 n e M e H T O M ~ ~ M M H H C T ~ ~ T U B I ~ O ~ O q e ~ bIlOKa3aTe:IbHbl B 3TOM OTIfOlLleHI1ii C O O ~ L L ~ ~ H0M30iiOTC
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JIL30BaHHblX B O ~ ~ C K ~ A M nHe ~ c a H ~ p ,a, C: T O p O X e B b I e ~ O C T ~ I (" p ~ h ~ 7 { - ~ e c @ p a c T y( O T H O C I ~ T ~ n~ e~p~E ~o Or o M3 HMX Ch4.: Bolchert P., 1908, C.
ptu ) c o o p y m a m i c b H a a x e > i e i x n c ~ ~ ?aoporax c M y nepenpm ~ e p e ps e K u : 77) M , Cne~OBaTenbliO,npKIIa)l32XaT, E KOilCYIlOM C q e T e , CIIj'TtiMKaM
o r a e u n B m : r ? o z t i y C T p a H y O T upyroir ( Herod., Y, 52) . OHMf: M o r n u no- cl-ie~caanpa.B n e p n o M ~3 H M X rOBOpIITCR, YTO :,E I ~ ~ K Tp e ~K aMOKC I ~~ e -
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;1
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T L TO rab. ausc ., 46). 310 y ~ a s a ~ i 6onee a e ~ c e r on o n x o ~ K~ B
r a x w it C Y p - j
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3:CHllhlX MCTO'IHllKaX, 6y3.e~IIpeZCTaEJIRTb i i M e H l i 0 3TOT ,,Hai)02", MjiM K p y n i i b I e C ~ ~ M O ~ O ~ aK M I Ie,c r H b l e c T a p a T e n t i cqirann, TO p e K a BhlHOCMT 1

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TOTO, TaKMe . . H a p o n b l " H e 6blJIM CO3DaHMeM IIepCUDCKMX B n a c T e f i , a, K a K De'4.b i i n ? T 0 TOM, YTO,, Y 6 a K T p k i f i I l e ~p e K M OX M OKCHeCJrT BHA3 KYCO'IKM i 1
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B COCTaB A X ~ M ~ H M A C DKe pOX a~B?L l , COXpaHXR CBOM n p e X H M e rpaFfkfUbl.
C O ~ Mc 6 : 7 1 i 3 j l e j f ; u ~ x rop" ( Plin ., N.W.Y 1 , 7.5) n p m e ~
;

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M B ~ x u , T a K K a K MhleHHO H a 6eperax 3TMX p e K HaXonbiiIMcb

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a. O ~ C T O R T ~ ~ ~ C T B O
n e x ~ iB ~O C I ~ O B Ba p r y h . r e a r a u a l i rex iiccnenosa~eneii,K o T o p b I e C ~ H T ~ T ,
B C e r O C)'p?c06
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I
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KaK IIOKa3blBaH)T MHOrOIIliCJIeHHbIe BHa.'lOTUM, HapOnbI, CMeHRIouHe c.. 76, 7 7 ) . I I p n s e > f uh5c:racb s l e c b ~i c o n b K p a c i i o s a T o r o m e T a ( E ~ ~ H o B ~,
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ZTHO. 06111iipH0r0 d ) a ~ - f i L i H 0 6 ~ ~ 0yrr0o n b H o r o M e c T o p o n a e n u X . 310 n o c n e n H e e
B 3 a K n I o q e H H e paCCMOTpMM C O O ~ ~ ~ HKCTOWHKOB,
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, crepe3 I l o c ~ i ~ ~ToU X~ ei Ki ~C n y T H M K a M
~ L I Xn o n r B e p w a m r pacnpocrpaaeaae E j a l c ~ p a aH a npaeo6epextae sepx- A J I ~ K c ~ H L I D130
~ . BCXKOM C n y l r a e , HeT Hll'leT0,qTO 0 6 ~ 3 b 1 B a J 1 0 6 b 1 HaC n p U -
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blc cnoe kisaka hya
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KaTMTCR ~ ~ 1 1 l 4 ? l lOKC"
~ b l ~( I'er. , 746, 747). C006~e1i~ e npOTMBOpe-
3T0 (Bernard P., Francfort H.-P., 1978, c. 9, l o ) , He Moryr 6blTb nomepr-
aliTliLIHOCTM 0 TeppMTOpMM C0r~MaHbl M
LIiiT 06b1q110My npenCTa8~lefIilfO H Y T ~ I coMHeii:Ilo. I I o c ~ o n b ~enMiicTne1iiroe
y MecTopomneHMe n a 3 y p ~ ~ a ,
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CsliTan, K O T O p O e hiOXeT 661Tb IIpMIIRTO B O BHJiMalIMe B , T ~ H H oCDR3M.
~? HaXOnMTCR B
liki~lifi32eCb n p O C T O ChleUIaJI C)KC C ~ C ~ ~ B L ~ (Markwart
~ H O M J., 1938, : B ~ ~ X O KOKLIII,
b a n a s i r r a ~ eB B ~ ~ X TO ecrccruefilio cnenan B ~ I B O A ,TO Cor-
c.77, n p i r ~ . 3 ) FIo
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a Talc O ~ ~ I ~ FM In0cTynam.r
O ltccnenosa-
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io~ f l a p m , 3.XepuQenbn no-
nbr, OKC ).i R I C C ~r e~sTy r , , ~ 06lrac~eiic y m l < a i r o ~ "(111, 42). n o 3 n ~ ~ i f i
3 n a r a e ~ ,YTO C O ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~cI rL~~ rI y, I6 0 ~ o&peBlfOCTil
ii mMnM B 6anaxruaxe (Herz-
a B T O p r o ~ ~ p l i fOLtCllb
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O U H O KapT);, fe!d E ., 1968, c.323). P.n.Qorcc TaKXe CclklTaeT, lrT0 CorLWa~aB !IpeB-
TOXP, BllnilRIO. YXe BeCbMa IlCr10pYeHH).IO, npMnaraeT K WCTM O K CHa3- ~ f i o c i ~pacnpocTpaHn;iacb
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1
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(cp. gPq...Y 0 6 ~ 6 : a n~one>!en, G r o g ., Y 1 , 13, 2 ) . B03~0jh.i-10,r i ~ o11 iiiirxel spo>!e a e ~ e rq~ Mii~rix.
a tier r?, Kcrani: o r u e p r a ~
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K T a X npIi Cn1.lCbIBaHMkl C KapTbI - HepeAKOe RBneHMe y aHTElWbIX aBT0- CTpaHaX, 3alWeqaJl, 'IT0 X i C T O 0 T O B a p e r O B O p R T : ,,Tosap T ~ K O G - T O ,1160
SOB.
.,
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apryMeHT0M B IIOnb3y OqeHb IlIMpOKOrO nOHkiMaHIiR COT-
P~III~K)%HM
~ i a H b I0 6 b 1 ~ 0 ~13 HannMceG Happix.
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lIaLUe&fyh!HeHHK), KpOeTCR B Ep)TOM.
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iipencTaBlielrMe o Baxme KaK norpariiis~rofipeKe hiorno ~ ~ I ycBoeHo T L Ma-
B a p r r ~M K c e p ~ c aHe COCTaBJIRnM B 3TOM OTHOLUeHUM UCKJIMYeHUR, 0 YeM
CBUneTenbCTBymT HannkiCM 3TUX IIapeG Ha IIpenMeTaX U 3 IiCKYCCTBeHHOrO HMXeRMM B h l e p ~ eMnll E Z ~ XrUe ~ , nOnr0 CylUeCTBOB~M3IlaYMTCnblible
n a s y p e ~ a : ,J~eptioG lrrneHeK ( p y u ~ a ? ) ~3 n a 3 y p ~ ~ (B a nepcuncKoM nzaii~ixeGc~we 0 6 ~ ~ ~ l(lCbTl~ B I ~ C K6M . RM. , 1977, C. 178).
M T ~ K ,B B H T M ~ ~ HTO p~ ~~ l i ~BblCTj'naWT
M B KaqCCTBe py6exeB L ~ K T -
TeKCTe IIpOCTO kkakaina, HO B 3JIaMCKOhl iknu Ii B aKKanCKOM ~ q I l c ,
1.e. IiMeHHO na3yPU1) ..." ( DPi; Ul; C M . Kent K.G., pirii r o p b ~M peKM. C on~ioiiC T O P O H ~ Iee orpairriswsaeT f r r ~ i n y ~ y KOTO- u,
1953, C. 109, pt,lii B 6onee parrrrlix I I C T O Y H ~ ~ K1~ Xi a 3 ~ na a~p r i a c c o ~ a, B Gonee n o 3 n ~ ~ x
112, 137, 152; Schrnidt E.F., n , 1957, c. 5 0 ) . T ~ xKe 6bmo M hirroro no-
- I l a p o n a ~ ~ c oH h ~~. ~ ~ o c ~ ~ ~ crpaii,iueii T B ~ H ~I ~~ oK ~T ? ~3ztlcb, M M BMUMMO,
s n ~ e eA . . E . @ e p c ~ moTMelraeT, YTO nasypur yacro chieruusa:1ii c pasnxlr-
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H b I h l l i COenHHeHURMM hlenii, HanpMMep C OKParUeHHbIM JIa3JrpMTOM 11 CpeZi1
i T 0 l ) O H b I ~ B K T P M I OO K ~ ~ ~ M J I A H ~~ Ty ~ a p MMCllyeblaR
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y ~ a s a ~ nHae waxo:aeaue nasypkira ,,B ropax nonne C a ~ a p ~ a tr~ Tam- sa IclrtiKax ApaKcohi, a B I I O ~ A H M X OKCOM.R r e o r p a @ k i ~ e c ~tcoliuen-
- ~x
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Kelira" ( D ~ ~ c M A.E.,
~ HYn, 1962, c.133, 134). B 3 ~ 0 i CBR3M i o 6 p u a e ~lis
c e 6 ~BHuMaHwe r r a s ~ a a u ecpeniieseKosoro ropona M o6nac~irKa6ynsir, CBO1ix MCTOKOB no BbIXOna B c~il@cKl?e n y c ~ b 1 ~ 1O1n. i i a ~ o~ t ~ m i a ~ e n b r i b r i
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( Bernard P., Francfort H.-P.,1978, c. 71).
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52
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~ MOrJIa BKnlOYaTb M IfeCKOflLKO COCeaHUX.
I.V. P Y A N K O V

BACTRIA
LN THE ANTIQUE TRADITION
( General data about the country:
its denomination and territory)

The aim of the paper is restricted by the task t o look into the subject
matter of t h t concept 'Bactria" itself in the sence used in the antiqi~esources.
The way the task is put presupposes, in the first place, the study of thc in--
formation about the territory and denomination of Bactria. These two
items form the main content of the present paper which is a part of a
large inviistigation o f Bactria which is being prepared by the author T I O W .
The main consideration in tlie paper is given t o the information of Greek
and Roman antique sources, though, when necessaw? other sources sucli
as Avesta, ancient Persian, middle Iranian, A m ~ e n i a nand middle age Muslim
texts are used.
Tlie first part of the work deals with the information about the dznomi-
nation of Bactria. The author comes t o tlle conclusion that the denoniaatior~
of both country and people o f Bactria is of a pure geographic but not ethnic
origin. Its first and tlie most narrow special meaning was both the Balkh
oasis fed by tile waters of the Balkhab river, a i d the population of that oasis.
If this denomination is applied to a wider region it can only mean that tile
Balkh oasis is r e c o ~ i s e das the centre uniting t!ie \vllc!e region and t!ie region
itself is a political or admL~istrativeformation. At tile same t i n e h e coi~lci-
dence of the territory of the formati011 with its ethnic and culturai cornmu--
nity was sometimes possible.
The second part o f the work deals with the information about the ter-
ritory of Bactria. The author comes t o the following conclusions. In antique
tradition rivers and mountains served as borderlines o f Bactria. From one
side it is limited by the Hindukush which is called Parnasus in earlier sources
and Paropanisus in later ones. The transfer points on tlie mountain roads of
 tlie Hindukush seem t o be the natural borders o f Bactria. F r o m another
side the borderline of Bactria is made by the Amudarya river which is cal-
led Arases in the earlier sources and Oxus in tile later ones. According to
the geographical conceptior~sof antique autllors the Amudarya river from
tile upper reaciies t o its outlet into the Scythian deserts is the borderline
o f Bactria. Ho\\#cver a thorough analysis o f the basis o f tliese conceptions
S ~ I O M ; that this intcl-PI-etation of the Amudarya as the borderline is true
only for tile place o f .Alexander's troops crossing a t Kelif. The study o f
AlesanJer's f~trtlleriilovernent sllow that the situatio~lin tiie upper reaches
of tiie ..\!nudarya was different. I t was described in the two versions of the A6aes B.M., 1956. - A 6 a e a B.M. CKU+CKUG6 b 1 ~u p e ( i j o p ~ a30poac~pa.
antique tradition. .Accr)rdins t o one of them tile area between tile soutli- .t-chiv O r i e n t b i , , XXlY,1956,N~l.
6apiOnbn B.B., 1, 1963. - 6 a p T 0 n b 4 6.6. Typ<eciati 3 3nOXy MOHrOnb-
west spurs o f :lie I-Iiss~irn~ountairiridge and die Amudarya t l i o u s l ~differed ;<Or0 HaLUeCTEt4R. C O ~ .T.T.
, M., 1963.
fro111 Bactrja proper. st tile saimc time was distinctly separated f r o m Sog- 6aoTOnbn 5.5..U, 1965. - 6 a p T 0 n t n B.B. Corn. Coy., T.E. M., i965.
dian3 a j -.cc‘ll. t2 i ~. o i- i1.' l n g t o tile other version this was directly called Bactria.
\ire have reasi)ri to si~pposethat besides the above mentioned area sonie
uther tiirritories o n the riglit bank o f the Amudarya and the P m d j such as
7, 71. xtiura e p a 3 y ~ n e ~ v ~ . na q a i ~ a r HayKM
.? o 3ee3ilax. Tatiixt'iii, 7975.
t i \'akhsli va!!ey. K a r a t e ~ i nand possibly K~illistan and a part o f Kulab ~ U P ~ H L1
* ,9 6 3 . - A 6 y - p - P a i i x a ~ M y x a h i h . i e n t r 6 ~A x ~ e an n -
\\ere aiso forming Bacli-ia. T h e Aniudar)ia served as tile borderline o f Bactria 5 M p y H M . C06pa~ueceenetiil2 nns nowatifla p.pa:ouetitiocreG ( ~ ; r t i e p x o r u f i i .
a bit 10iver approxiniatc!y from Kelif as gar as Kerki. neo.k.M. 6 1 7 ? 1 i K l l ~ o r n 0 .. , 1963.
6poMneR 0.8., 1973. - 6 p 0 M n e k 0 . 6 . ~ T H O CM BTHOlpilQL4R. M . , 1973.
\'k see Bactria within the above mentioned borderlir~es owing mainly Sy6tiosa M .A. , 1975. - 6 y 6 H o 0 a M.A. Ao6b1qa none3tibix uci;onaewblx a
to the inforn~atiorigiven by Alexander's historians. This Bactria conten;- C a e a ~ eAi ~ U BH XY1 - X I X SB. M., 1975.
porary t o :Ilex-ndei \\>as in o u r opinion o n e o f those administrative units B R ~ M ~C.A. H H , n, 1949. - B 2 3 ri r u H C.A. Masep~;ans> nu MC~OPM'IUCKO~, r e -
orpaaue T y p i i a f e i i u c ~ a ~ C a .o o B u e t < ~ e3.- MBR~CTI~R T~~KM~HCK bi'nuilna
O T O AH
of :he"lc!laernenian state, ivliic!i were referred t o as "people.. o r ,,country"
CCCP , 1949. NO1.
i : ~ the sources. Judging by tlie information o f the written,sources we can't r a a y p o ~6 . r . , 1966 -. r a y p o B 6 . r . G C S R ~ R XCp~ntieL?ASL~LI &I l i l p a ~ aB
ascertain ~ v h e t h e rBactria within those borderlines was really an ethnic and a x e ~ e ~ n n c ~nepuon nt? ( Y l - 1 Y 8s. no ~ . 3 . .-Academia
) N a z i o ~ i d cdei Uncei,
cultural comit~unitytlio~iglitliis seems quite possible. CCCLXW, No76. 1966.
In the sources contemporary to Alexander and earlier, the Sirdarya ri- 'rabypoe 6.r., 1972. - r a @ y p o s 5 . r . TaornuKK. ApentieGu~i?.I:PFB-IPS i.5
...,.,,,nt!eee~oeaa K C T O P M P . M., 1972.
\?er called Tazais a,:!~r1i~:itinned a.: another borderline o f Ractr-ia. In this rs@ypos 6.i-., ~ ~ 1 6 y t i w nA.l4., ~ c ;gag. - r a i y 9 o e s.F.,li ., 1: y -?, 11 -
case Blctria is understsod as a satrapy that is an administrative unite. i r C A.M. P.neKcaHap ~ ~ ~ K € ' & ~ o H H cBOCTOK.
K M ~ M., i98Ci.
larger tiian "people" o r " c o ~ i n t y "but less stable. A satrapy could include r o p 6 y ~ o s aH.T., 1976. - r o p 6 y H o B a H.T. O e p r a ~ ano ceeneii:lrizA a t i r t i q -
some neighbouring countries besides the wain one. \ n i l x asTopos. B KH.: Mc~opklnu KynbTypa Hapoaos C p e n ~ e kAonw ( S ~ B R ~ ~ O H CTL
1 cpentiue a e ~ a.) M., 1976.
r p a ~ l ~ ~3.A.. ~ f i - r p a H T 0 B c K U fi 3.A. G BOCTO'ih.0L4paHCii'riX nne-
c ~ 1975.
hreHax KywancKoro apeana. B W.: U e ~ r p a n b ~ aA n~MR 6 t(ytuaHcKym 3noxy.
7.n. M., 1975.
rpnropbes B.B., I, 11, 188:. - r p 6, r o p b e a 0.9. n o x o n knelcca~npaBen~i-
 =*

Maiquart J., 1901. - M a r q u a r t J. ErZn5ahr nach der Geographic des Ps.Mo-

=s Xorenac'i. Mit historisch - kritischem Kommentar und historischen u n d topogra-
phischen Exkursen. B., 1901.
Minorsky V., 1937. - Hudiid al-'Xlam , 'The regions of the \r,orldC.A Persian
Geography 372 A.H. - 982 A.D. Transl. and explain. by V. Minorsky. L., 1937.
Rawlinson H.G., 1912. - R a w I i n s o n H.G. Bactria. The History of a For-
gotten Empire. L., 1912.
Rackham H., 11, 1947. - Pliny. Natural History. With an English trans1 . in ten
volumes ,vol.11, by H.Rackham. Cambr.. Mass. - L.. 1947.
Ruge H'., 1934. - R u g e W. Tauros. - RE, R. 2, Hlbd. 9, 1934.
Schmidt E.F., 11, 1957. - S c h m i d t E.F. Persepolis, vol.11. Chicago, 1957.
Schwartz E. , 1957. - S c h w a I r z E. Griechisclic Geschichtschrciber. Lpz.,
1957.
Stavisky B.J., 1972. - S t a v i s k y B.J. Two notes on Kushan Bactria. - Studies
in Indo-Asian art and culture, vol.1. New Delhi, 1972.
T a m W. , I, 1948. - T a r n IV. Alexander the Great, vol. I. Canibr., 1948.
Tarn W.UT. , 1951. - T a r n W.W. The Greeks in Bactria and India . 2 ed. Cambr.,
1351.
Thierne P., 1937. -- T h i e m e P. ijber einigc persische Wdrter im Sanskrit.-
Zeitschrift der Deutscl~enMorgeni2ndischen Gesellschaft, Bd.91(16), 1937, Hft.1.
Tomaschek W., 1, 1877. - T o rn a s c h e k W. Cer:tralasiatische Studien, I.
Sogdi'ma . Wien, 1877.
Toniaschek, 1896. - Ton~aschek.Baktriane. Baktrianoi.- K L , L(d. 11, 1 8 9 6 .
Walbank F.W. , 11, 1967. - W a I b a n k F.W. A Historicd commentary on
Polybius, 11. Oxf. , 1967.
\Penger F. , 1914. - W e n g e r F. Die Alexandergescliichte des Aristohul von
Kassandrea. Quellenkritische Untersuchung zur Alexandergeschicl~te. Wikzburg,
1914.

C c b t J l ~Ha
~ @parh+eHlblC O ~ M H B H UaHTMqHblX
~ MCTOPitKOB ( K P O M B CJlYqaeB, OT-
r:eu?MHblx 0 ~ 0 6 0 )naHbl no kt3~aHnlo:Ja c o b y F. Die F r a p e n t e der gricchischen
Ifistoriker, T.1 - B., Leiden, 1923 -
C c b ~ n ~Han @ p a r ~ e n c~obr ~n ~ e ~ n3f pi a ~ o c @ e n~ Tpora
a nanbl no M3naHMRM:
9 e r g e r H. Die geographischen Fragmente des Era:os:henes. Lpz., 1390: 0 . Seel.
Pompci Trogi fra-menta. Lipsiac, 1956.
1. A p a c K 3 K py6em. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . T a ~ a w cKaK py6em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
3. O K CKBK py6em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....