Explain the reason for promoting and maintaining good standards of health and safety in the work place

What are the benefit of good policy / arrangement / organising in the organisation and the work place
The reason for managing health & safety in an organisation include:
1. Moral reason/humanitarian reason: ethical and responsible behaviour of employer to safeguard the health & safety of
his employees.
2. Legal reasons/law reason : to fulfil the legal requirement of the country with respect to health & safety (civil & criminal
liabilities owned by organisation)
3. Cost reasons/economic reasons/financial reasons : to overcome the losses which otherwise an organisation has to incur
due to accident and ill health, property damaged, compensation payments and loss of goodwill
4. Maintaining good standard will lead to improved production & ultimately improved staff morale
5. The company reputation will enhanced by reducing accidents & ill health
6. Reduced damaged cost to equipment by poor trained staff which will directly reduce insurance premium.
7. As staff become more motivated staff complaint will reduce as will absenteeism & staff turnover.
8. Legally the company will see a direct reduction in fines & compensation claims.

Outline the barrier to maintain good standard of health and safety? (8)
As there are number of morale social economic and ethical argument for maintaining proper standard of h & s and there
are also barrier to maintain good standard of h & s these can be categories into

Internal pressure
1. Health & safety versus other business priorities and objectives
2. Safety behaviour vs corner cutting for cost reduction
3. The organisation culture vs peer group pressure
4. Competing business units with individual cost centre budgets which fail to co-operate

External pressure
1. Expectation of clients / customer
2. Expectation of society
3. Legislative requirement / including changes
4. Client demand faster project completion
Other factor influencing good standard of h & s include
1. Complexity
2. Competing and conflicting demands
3. Behaviour issues

Outline the 3 standard condition that are usually required to be made to prove a case of negligence against an
employer? (6 marks)
1. That a duty of care was owned by the employer / that is the employee was acting in the course of his/her
employment.
2. That the employer acted in breach of that duty by not doing everything that was reasonable to prevent
foreseeable harm.
3. That the breach led directly to the loss, damage or injury.

Explain why H&S legislation might be enforced to different standard in different countries.
Different legal system: different legal standard: different penalties: religious belief & cultural issues: competence
level of enforcers: different enforcement system Standard: varying degree of monitoring / reporting: political
pressure.

Outline / reason why the seriousness of a hazard maybe underestimated by someone exposed to it.
1. Over familiarity & complacency.
2. Lack of instruction, information & training.
3. Over – reliance on control measure & PPE
4. Not being exposed to the situation in the past.

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5. Their attitude do no care perception.
6. Lack of experience, particularly where young parson are involved

Outline the ways of reducing the likelihood of human error in the workplace?
1. Ensure the use of skilled, trained. & competent staff
2. Motivation of the workforce is imperative so ensure monotonous jobs have rotation
3. Task verify to prevent boredom &provide frequent breaks to avoid work over load
4. Addressing workplace environmental issues such as noise light & heat is crucial to prevent individual becoming
fatigued
5. Where impractical consider mechanisation & for automation
6. Ensure that control on machinery are clearly marked & maintained to prevent access to dangerous parts
7. Providing competent supervision of employees to ensure that safe procedure are adhered to.

Outline the causes/reasons/circumstances which may lead to an ineffective H&S POLICY

1. Minimal leadership by director & senior manager who fail to ‘drive’ safety policy
2. No annual objectives set to implement the policy
3. H&S not given priority with other business objectives
4. Recourses are not provided to implement actions required
5. Aims objectives & intentions are not clearly understood by personnel.
6. No measurement of performance
7. Management are unaware of their role in H&S
8. Management receive no training to enable them to implement action required
9. Lack of Communication between management & department.

Right of an employee:
1. Right to a safe workplace free of dangerous condition, toxic substances & other potential safety hazards.
2. Right to be free from discrimination & harassment of all types.
3. Right to fair wages for work performed.
4. Right to be free from retaliation for filing a claim or complain an employer.

List / outline practical control measure by which a manager could involve employees in the improvement of H&S
in the workplace?
1. Involving employees in risk assessment
2. Involving them in accident investigation
3. The development of safe system & procedure
4. Encourage hazard spotting & the reporting of defects
5. Setting up suggestion schemes.
6. Organising training courses & information progress.
7. Supporting active involvement in safety committee meeting
8. Being accompanied by employees or their representatives on safety tours & inspection
9. Giving employees responsibilities for mentoring young & inexperienced workers
10. Setting up a bonus or rewarding scheme.

Outline ways in which motivate the employees?

Outline ways in which an organisation could encourage worker to be involved in setting and maintaining high
standard of health & safety?
1. The best way is to motivate the employees to comply with health & safety procedure is to improve their
understanding of the consequence of not working safely, their knowledge of good safety practices
2. This can be done by effective training (induction, refresher and continuous)
3. The provision of information showing the commitment of the organisation to safety
4. The encouragement of a positive health & safety culture with good communication system
5. Manager should set a good example by encouraging safe behaviour and obeying all the health & safety rules
themselves

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6. Management commitment to health & safety should be visible everywhere in the organisation
7. A good working environment and welfare facilities will also encourage motivation
8. Involving employees in health & safety decision making by consultation. Such as regular team briefing,
developing of risk assessment & scow.
9. Other important influence on motivation such as recognition, promotion, opportunities, job security & job
satisfaction etc.

Outline / list of important factor consideration in motivating people?

1. One – prizes- for individual , or for a group
2. Monthly gift vouchers ( observed safe behaviour names )
3. Safety raffle ( monthly draw )
4. There & then reward ( single observed safe act)
5. Monthly rewards ( safe person of month )
6. Danger money at risk ( incentive which person & other put at risk )

Other than the lack of motivation, outline six reason why employees may fail to comply with safety procedures at
work?
1. lack of management commitment
2. Over familiarisation with the task to be performed.
3. Repetitive work, leading to boredom & lack of concentration.
4. Peer group pressure.
5. Lack of communication, training & consultation.
6. Wilful disregard of laid-down procedures.
7. Couples with inadequate or ineffective supervision.
8. Fatigue stress

Two organisations share the same worksite. Outline how the organisation could work together to help ensure the
workplace is safe and healthy?
In order to achieve good health & safety standard in the workplace, the two organisation could as:
1. The two organization could hold regular meeting.
2. Share information on health and safety related issues & risk assessment.
3. Avoid carrying out incompatible processes.
4. Prepare and agree joint site rules for the workplace like assembly points & smoking area.
5. A set up joint procedure for the management of visitor and contractor.
6. Agree on common procedure for the management of traffic & movement of vehicle.
7. Both organisation can carry out joint inspection and monitoring of the workplace.
8. They can draw up joint emergency procedure as well as agree a policy for the management of waste (bins storage,
disposal, and associated housekeeping issues).
9. Both the organisation can also obtain advice on health & safety matter from shared consultant to take decision on critical
health & safety issues.

Outline how the organisation could reduce the risk to contractors before the projects start and during the project?
Before the project:
1. Contractor selection based on previous experience
2. goodwill
3. Policy content
4. Risk assessment
5. Health & safety records
6. References to get the best contractor regulation Show particularly the commitment in his activities
7. Then appointing contract co-ordinator
8. Ensuring pre-contract meeting
9. Progress meeting

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During the project:
1. To carrying out regular inspection to show health & safety issues are addressed, corrected & followed
2. Contractor to attend safety committee
3. To submit method statement for every activity undertaken
4. Accident/incident reporting in the approved form within the specified time limits
5. Firstly client set example and asks the contractor to follow safety procedure leading by example safety
propaganda, signage and poster etc.
6. Checking the validating of plant documentation for third party testing
7. Inspection certificates & insurances
8. Training/competency certificates of contractor are checked for validity

Outline factors that should be considered when assessing the health & safety competence of a contractor?
1. It is a management commitment in policy he should have previous experience & knowledge with the type of
work.
2. The reputation of the contractor amongst previous or current clients.
3. The content & quality of the contractor’s H&S policy & risk assessment & method of statement
4. Procedure for selection of sub-contractor.
5. Previous enforcement action against him
6. Equipment maintenance & statutory examination records.
7. The key qualification of staff & those who responsible for H/S.
8. Number of first aid record & HSE statistics of contractor.
9. Member of accreditation or certification bodies.
10. Level of supervision for disabled person young, lone worker & expectant mother.
11. The welfare facility of the company.
12. The Arrangement to supervise work activity.

Outline how an organization could reduce the risk to contractor?

1. Providing the information about the company policy , procedure
2. Provide the information about the buried services.
3. Conducting training to contractor.
4. Conducting safety tours, safety sampling.
5. Conducting weekly meeting.
6. Monitoring & supervising the contractors.
7. Frequent inspection of the workplace

Outline the main steps for managing the contractor?

1. Select a contractor
2. Plan the job
3. Control the contractor on site
4. Check contractor work
5. Review performance.

Identify indicators that prove an organizations culture to be poor or ineffective. ?

1. Signs of lack of leadership; 06. inconsistent decision;
2. Responsibilities are not clearly identified; 07. lack of co-ordination between departments;
3. Poor communication procedure; 08. lack of co-operation;
4. Insufficient safety procedure & implementation system; 09. blame culture, worsening trend in accident
number increased number of first aid cases more violence reports;
5. Higher staff turnover, strikes, more claims; 10. Higher enforcement action.

Outline how workers may influence each other with regard to an organizations culture?
1. Visible comply of higher management commitment to safety matter.
2. Morale of the individual.

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3. Adequate training programmes.
4. Good communication procedure.
5. Adequate welfare arrangement by the company.
6. The power peer influence.
7. Consultation culture.
8. Caring attitude of senior.
9. Provision of IITS compliance is easier if everyone following the same.

Identify factor relating to the ‘individual’ which might increase the risk to them while at work?
1. The factors relating to the individual that might increase the risk of accident at work include psychological factor
of attitude
2. Motivation
3. Other factors such as age,
4. Lack of familiarity with the workplace.
5. High stress level.
6. Health problem
7. Medical condition or physical disability / incapacity.
8. Including brought about alcohol or drugs.

Identify ways in which the H & s culture of an organization might be improved.

1. Commitment & leadership from management: when this is visibly demonstrated outside the board room as
behaviour inside the board room is not witnesses by most of the workers.
2. Policy & procedure: the existence & quality of these & the way might & encourage good safety related
behaviour.
3. Level of supervision: the presence & competence of supervision & the way that poor safety related behaviour is
dealt with.
4. Peer group pressure: nonexistence or not allowing to drive unsafe behaviour.
5. Consultation & workers involvement: the extent to which the worker are involve in the management of health &
safety issues & decision making process.
6. Communication: its effectiveness in conveying health & safety massages & information to the workforce
including feedback arrangement to enable understanding by the receiver.
7. Recourses: the availability of necessary equipment including ppe & allocation of time to provide training in H&S.
8. Training: identify health & safety training needs & opportunities & how well they are met so as to develop &
maintain competency.

Identify factors that could have contributed to the deterioration of the H&S culture within the organization?
1. The factor that might cause the safety culture within an organization to decline include lack of effective
communication.
2. The perception of a growing blame culture.
3. Lack of leadership & commitment at senior level.
4. Lack of monitoring or a failure to implement remedial action.
5. Lack of consultation & employee involvement.
6. A generally poor working environment
7. A high staff turnover leading to lack of continuity & loss of momentum in making safety improvement.
8. And external influences such as downturn in the economy leading to jobs insecurity with the possibility of H&S
being seen as less of a priority.

Outline organization factor promoting a negative health & safety culture?

1. Lack of safety system & barrier
2. Inadequate response to previous incident
3. Management based one way communication.
4. Deficient co-ordination & responsibilities
5. Poor management of health & safety; Poor health & safety culture.

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Outline the job factor promoting a negative health & safety culture?
1. Illogical design of equipment & instruments including & controls.
2. Constant disturbances & interruption.
3. Missing or unclear instruction.
4. Poorly maintained equipment.
5. High work load
6. Noisy & unpleasant working condition.

Outline the factor that might cause safety culture within an organisation to decline?
Outline the factor affecting/impact the culture of an organization health & safety?
1. The Lack of visible leadership & commitment at senior level with no monitoring or failure to implement remedial
action.
2. Changes in the management structure of roles and changes in work pattern
3. lack of effective communication at all levels leading to the perception of a growing blame culture
4. Health and safety was not given the same priority as other objective such as production or quality
5. Lack of consultation & employee involvement in the workplace
6. Reduction in the workforce leading to work overload.
7. Poor working environment leading to High staff turnover& lack of continuity
8. External influence such as recession in the economy leading to job insecurity
9. Peer group pressure
10. Deterioration in the standard of welfare facility.

Other Than the lack of motivation, outline SIX Reasons why employees may fail to comply with safety procedure
1. Lack Of management commitment;
2. Over familiarisation with the tasks to be performed;
3. Repetitive work, leading to boredom & Lack of concentration;
4. peer Group pressure;
5. wilful Disregard of laid--‐down procedures coupled with inadequate or ineffective supervision;
6. Fatigue & stress;
7. Lack Of communication, training &consultation.

Outline why visitors to work place should be informed of an organizations emergency procedure
1. Visitor are unaware of the site layout, processes, & hazard.
2. It is the duty of site management to instruct them regarding the regarding emergency response procedure
location of exit routes, there assembly points. The alarm/siren /announcements to be listened attentively,
carefully not casually.
3. Do & don’ts – e.g.: that is not to use lifts during fire emergency are etc. are taught.
4. Risky or hazard prone areas are to be told – where not to go , restricted smoking ,& the location ablution
(Toilet) facilities & smoking shelters etc.

Outline the procedure designed to ensure the H & S of visitors to your work premises?
1. Strict signing in/out procedures should be adopted with issuing of identification badge.
2. H & S briefing or induction program should be adopted
3. Where impractical visitors should be escorted
4. Using of PPE where required
5. The ongoing monitoring of movement whilst on site.
6. It is ensure that Pedestrian route must be clear from any obstructions

Give reason why it is important to use of variety of method to communicate H&s information in the work place:
1. People respond differently to different stimuli.
2. The variety prevents over –familiarization with one method & help to reinforce a massage.
3. The need to overcome language barriers & the inability of some workers to read.
4. The need to motivate, stimulate interest & gains involvement & feedback.

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5. The acceptance that difference types of information require different method of communication for e.g.
emergency sign
6. That the policy of the organization may require certain information to be in a specified format.
7. On occasion evidence that the massage was given may need to kept.

Outline the barrier to effective communication?

1. Language & manner
2. Used of technical language a7 abbreviation.
3. Background noise & distraction.
4. Hearing problems
5. Ambiguities in the massage.
6. Mental weakness & learning disability.
7. Lack of interest & attention.

Other means of communication?

1. Safety video / safety induction & training / tools box talk / employee hand book / memo
2. Safety poster.

Identify check that could be made to assess whether a person incompetent?

1. A person is said to be competent when he possess a combination of knowledge, skill & experience
2. Competence can be assessed by verifying certification of training undergone
3. Awareness shown by individual on the subject matter
4. Ability to carry out work effectively & efficiently (e.g.: safe completion of work without defects and also meeting
required quality standard)
5. His number of years of experience in the relevant field and the exposure gained during the period
6. Whether he is member of professional body & participation in network group

Outline the organisational factors that may cause a person to work unsafely even though they are competent?
1. Situations that may lead an individual work unsafely could involve poor management or peer group pressure
2. Poor safety culture within the organisation
3. Lack of management commitment
4. Lack of resources or equipment
5. Lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities
6. Inadequate of supervision
7. Poor working condition
8. Other significant issues could include age, medical condition, attitude, motivation & individual perception

List Safety practitioner should liaison with?

1. Environment health officers & licensing officials.
2. Architect & consultation
3. HSE & the fire & authorities.
4. The police
5. Local authorities
6. Insurance companies
7. Contractors
8. Clients & customer
9. The public
10. Equipment supplier
11. The media
12. General practitioners
13. IOSH & occupational health & services.

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Explain why it is important for an organisation to consult with its workers on H&S safety issues (4)
1. Participation will help to improve their understanding of the value & importance of H&S.
2. Will raise the profile of H&S issues & develop their feeling of ownership of safety measures.
3. By seeking their views & allowing them to contribute to the decision making, management commitment would
demonstrate their commitment to H&S while the worker’s motivation may be increased & their morale
improved.
4. There is also the additional benefit that the views of workers would be useful in ensuring that any suggested
improvements would be workable in practice.
5. Consultation with the workforce might well be a legal requirement.

Outline the health and safety matters on which employers should consult his employees
1. The introduction of any measure that may substantially affect the health and safety of employees ,e.g. The
introduction of new personal protective equipment,
2. The health and safety consequences of the introduction of new technology, e.g. a new processor machine
3. Employees Should be consulted in planning alterations to work processes, work content or organisation of work,
which may have safety or health implications for the workers,
4. The Planning and organisation of any health and safety training that should be provided, e.g. Induction training.

Identify content that could be included in an accident reporting training course for all workers within an
organization?
1. In the training course described, workers would firstly have to be given a definition of an accident.
2. The requirements for reporting it whether to meet legal requirements or national standards.
3. The benefit for reporting the incident such as to begin an investigation as soon as possible with the aims of
preventing a recurrence.
4. Information would then have to be provided on the procedures for reporting such as on a form or on line.
5. The information which should be provided.
6. The person to whom the incident should be reported.
7. The consequences of failing to report an accident should be explained although emphasis would have to be
given to the fact that ‘no blame’ culture would be adopted.

Outline the factors of the physical environment that may cause a person to feel stressed at work
Factors include:
1. Cramped conditions,
2. Dirty Or untidy working conditions,
3. Workplace Layout resulting in a lack of privacy or security,
4. Poor lighting or problems with glare Extremes Of temperature and or humidity,
5. Inadequate ventilation resulting in stale air or conversely,
6. Draughty conditions,
7. Exposure to noise & vibration,
8. Inadequate Welfare facilities Those Working outside,
9. In inclement or hot weather conditions.

Outline the factors that may influence a person perception of risk in the workplace.
1. The Nature of the hazard (e.g. Obvious or hidden, immediate or delayed effects, etc.);
2. a person’s previous experience & Familiarity with the situation;
3. the Level & Nature of training;
4. peer Group influences;
5. confidence In others’ abilities & judgements;
6. A number of other personal characteristics such as age, attitude & Sensory impairment.

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Outline Techniques for identifying hazards in the workplace
1. Techniques Include Task observation,
2. Accident, ill-health or near miss data,
3. Workplace inspections,
4. Job Safety analysis,
5. requirements of any legal or industry standards,
6. Hazops Or simply talking to the workforce

Power of inspector?
 To enter any firm subject the provision of this law without previous notice at any hour of the day or night , but
within the working hours
 To carry out any examination or inquiring necessary to verifying due compliance with the law.

Outline reason why young person may be at higher risk of injury in a workplace? (4)
1. Young workers are not aware of the existing hazard &risk in the workplace.
2. They tend to subject to peer group pressure & behave in a boisterous manner.
3. Young worker are also enthusiastic and adventurous by instinct
4. The body immune system of young worker is not much develop to accept type of work
5. Such as manual handling.
6. They are more susceptible to physical agents, biological agents such as noise vibration radiation.
7. Young worker are not habitual to long hours.
8. Difficult to understood standard procedure.

Outline the measures that could b taken to minimize the risks to young employees?
1. Induction training must be provide to identify the hazard & risk involve in the workplace
2. Close& continuous supervision ( mentoring )by more experienced & responsible co-worker
3. They should be restricted to perform activities which involve exposure of hazardous chemicals substance.
4. The establishment of clear line of communication so as to remove any areas of doubt or uncertainty.
5. Not allowing them to use highly dangerous machinery like power presses & circular saw machine.
6. Restricting the hours that the young person is permitted to work with legal to national standard.
7. Restricting the weight that young person’s lift manually to well below any weights permitted for adults.
8. Specific health surveillance where working condition dictate.
9. Ensure that ppe comfort with their body shape size etc.

Explain the criteria which must be met for an assessment to be “suitable & sufficient” (4)
1. The criteria that must be met for a risk assessment to be deemed suitable and sufficient:
2. It should identify the significant risks arising out of the work activity
3. It should identify and prioritize the measure that need to be taken to comply with the relevant statutory
provision
4. It should be appropriate to the nature of the work
5. It should be such that it remain valid for a reasonable period of time

Outline factor that an employer should take into account when selecting individual to assist in carrying out risk
assessment? (6)
1. The most important factor is the competence and experience of the individual in hazards identification and risk
assessment
2. Some training in these areas should offer evidence of the required competence
3. They should be experience in the processor activity under assessment and have technical knowledge of any
plant or equipment
4. They should have knowledge of any relevant standard, HSE guidance and regulation relating to the activity or
process
5. They must be keen and committed but also aware of their own limitation
6. They need good communication skill and are able to write interesting and accurate report based on evidence

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7. The detail found in health & safety standard, codes of practices, regulation and guidance
8. The view of their immediate supervisor should be sought before they are selected as team member.

Give two reason why visitor to a workplace might be at a higher risk of injury than worker? (2)
1. The reason why visitor to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury than worker are follows:
2. Their unfamiliarity with the processes carried out at the workplace
3. The hazards they present and their associated risk and the facts that they may not have been issued with PPE
4. Their lack of knowledge of the site layout and the fact that pedestrian routes might be inadequate and unsigned

Identify precaution that could be taken to reduce the risk of injury visitor to a workplace.
Identify precaution that could be taken to ensure the health & safety of visitor to a work place? (6)
1. Precaution that could be taken to ensure the health & safety of visitor to a workplace are measures such as
visitors identification For example : by the issues of badges with a routine of signing IN & OUT
2. Prior notification to those member of staff to be involved in the visit
3. The provision of information to the visitors in suitable languages on hazards and emergency procedure
4. An explanation of specific sites rules for example : restricted areas and wearing of PPE
5. The clear marking of pedestrian routes and the need for visitors to be escorted by a member of managements
6. Never alone make sure supervisory staff.

Outline the limitation of using PPE OR give the reason why PPE should be consider only after the control measure
OR outline why PPE used as a last resort. (8)
1. Does not eliminate the hazard: The reason are PPE dose not remove the hazards hence if it fails , its fail to
protect from the danger
2. Relies worker to used it: PPE protects the wearer only and relies on human behaviour to remember may not
protect if not fitted correctly or wrong PPE selected may not be comfortable
3. Introduce new hazards: it’s may interfere with the ability to do the job
4. It may increase overall risk by impairing the senses (example; goggles that mist up etc.)
5. It may not be compatible with other items worn
6. It may be contaminated if not stored correctly
7. People often do not like wearing PPE it may not be worn
8. PPE may be some times more expensive than addressing the hazards at source.

Outline the factor reduce effectiveness of the PPE.

Fit; health of worker; period of use; comfort; maintenance;
Training; interference; management commitment; peer group pressure

Outline which factor consider for the suitability of PPE?

 What are the hazards: type of equipment: made to suitable standard: comfort: compatibility with other PPE:
storage: training: cost.
 Appropriate personal equipment that provides an adequate level of protection against the risk present.

Outline the factor to be considered when assessing the risk to long distance delivery driver? (8)
Job factor:
1. The time taken for the journey
2. Demands of the routes
3. Communication with home base
4. Security issues ( including possibilities of violence

Individual factor relate to:

1. Physical & psychological capabilities of the driver to cope with the job demands
2. The level of training given
3. Age

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The vehicle:
1. Ergonomic factors such as design and layout of the drivers cab
2. Maintenance
3. All legal work complied (tax registration etc.)

The load:
1. Nature of load ( e.g. : hazardous, heavy )
2. Means of handling material
3. Emergency equipment & procedure

1. Competent driver: The competency of a driver whether he have valid licence.

2. The length of the journey : The hours of work to be performed for long distance
3. Ergonomic design : The condition of vehicle & its ergonomics should be taken into count
4. Type of road : The routes & alternative if suddenly change in environment must be consider
5. Types of load: Identification & information of the load & its emergency procedure.
6. Emergency equipment: first aid& fire extinguisher taken into count.
7. Security issues: Harm of violence & its own security should be taken into count.
8. Communication : Effective communication with home base must be consider

Outline the special consideration to be given to new and expectant mother?

AND Outline factor to be consider in risk assessment of expectant mother?
The special consideration to new and expectant mothers to be given because to take care of there and there foetus
babies health consideration like
1. To avoid / reduce exposure to chemical such as pesticide, lead and those that cause intracellular changes
( mutagens)
2. Biological exposures ( example : hepatitis, )
3. Exposure to physical agents such as ionising radiation and stream of temperature
4. Manual handling issues
5. Ergonomic issues relating to prolonged standing or the adoption of awkward body movements
6. Stress & issues associated with the use and wearing of PPE
7. Close to emergency exist
8. Working excessive hours

Why have to give special consideration to disable personnel? AND

Outline factor to be consider in risk assessment of disabled personnel?
1. Reduced mobility for moving about in the workplace and particular for evacuation in an emergency
2. If in wheel chair there is reduced ability to lift, carry or move objects as well as not being able to reach controls
3. Access to welfare facilities such as toilets
4. Those with sensory impairment such as hearing and eye sight problem may not be able to hear or see alarm
5. Reduced communication ability e.g.: speech or hearing defect.

Outline factor may consider for risk assessment of lone worker.

1. Safe access & egress from the workplace.
2. Safe handling of equipment & substances.
3. Risk of violence from others.
4. Risk of woman & young worker.
5. Medically fitness & suitability to work alone.
6. Special training & supervision.
7. Access to first aid.
8. Access to communication.

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Outline control measure for lone worker? (E.g. nurse, electrician, small workshop, remote areas of large site,
social etc.
1. Supervision: periodic visit from the supervisor to observe what is happening.
2. Communication: regular voice conduct between the lone worker & the supervisor.
3. Warning devices: automatic signal device to alert if a signal is not received from the L.W.
4. First aid training: special arrangement for first aid to deal with the minor injuries.
5. Emergency: training should be given to deal in case of emergency.
6. Health surveillance.
7. Locking & securing a place of work.
8. Implementing sop.

Identify the factors to be consider to for employees who are required to work on their own away from the
workplace. (8)
1. The location of the work
2. The Type of work to be done
3. The Hazards & risks
4. The Equipment to be used
5. The Work environment
6. The Control measures in place.
7. The Competence & Suitability of the persons involved
8. The Age and state of health of the person
9. The Methods of communication with the home base
10. The Emergency & first--‐aid procedures

Aims of first aid/ identify/outline the two main function of first aid treatment?
1. Firstly, the preservation of life & /or the minimisation of the consequences of serious injury.
2. And secondly, the treatment of minor injuries that do not need medical attention.

Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of a first aid provision in the work place
Outline the factor consider when doing first aid risk assessment.
1. The hazards & risks associated with the work.
2. The number of employees & any that may have special need (e.g. young or disabled person).
3. An assessment the likelihood of accident occurring & accident statistics based on the previous history of
occurrences.
4. The distance of the workplace & likely response time of local emergency services & holiday cover.
5. Arrangement of covering planned & unplanned absences of trained & / or appointed first aid personnel.
6. Possibility of cooperating with other employers in shared premises.

Role & training of first aider? (2 times read)

1. It is important to accept that a first aider is not a medically qualified person & is rendering assistance only.
2. The first aider should be capable of coping with an emergency situation along with the ability to learn the skill
necessary to carry out their function.
3. They should also have the physically ability to deal with the demands of the emergency procedure, in the course
of carrying out their duty.
4. They have to leave their normal work immediately to deal with an emergency situation.

Identify the information that should be given to workers in a training session on safe system of work?People doing
work or supervising work must be made fully aware of the safe system that apply the preparations for safe systems
will often identify a the training need that must be met before the system can be implemented effectively in
addition, people should receive in how the systems is to operate.
1. Why a safe system is needed?
2. What is involved in the work?
3. The hazards which are identified

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4. The precautions which have been decided : and in particular
5. The isolations and locking of required , and have these to be done
6. Details of permit to work system if applicable
7. Any monitoring ( e.g.: air testing)
8. Which is to be done during the work, or before it started
9. How to use necessary PPE
10. Emergency procedure

Outline the difference between h & s inspection and audit? Health & safety inspection:
1. Health & safety inspection involves straight forward observation of a workplace & or the activities or equipment
with in it.
2. A safety inspection is usually carried out by a manager, employee representative & safety advisor & is often
aided by the use of a checklist.
3. It may be carried out routinely & has the aim of identifying hazards & assessing the use & effectiveness of
control measures.
4. The type of inspection, frequency of inspection & competence are important features & requirements of safety
inspection.

A health and safety audit:

1. A safety is a systematic, critical examination of an organization’s safety management procedures.
2. It’s a lengthy process formally carried out by a trained auditor, often someone from outside the organization
looking at the strength & weakness of the organization.
3. It may also be carried out internally.
4. An audit plan will be prepared indicating the scope of audit, area of audit & extent of audit.
5. Auditors look for objective evidences by verifying documents, interacting with staff & by sampling the workplace
(physical observation).

Outline factors that would determine the frequency with which H&S inspection should be undertaken in a work
place?
1. Statutory requirement may dictate an inspection frequency for E.g., lifting equipment & accessories are
inspected once in every six month in compliance with local statutes.
2. The activities carried out & the level of risk perceived will also determine the inspection intervals.
3. Manufacturers may make recommendations as to inspection frequency & content.
4. New equipment may require more frequent monitoring.
5. Risk assessment may suggest inspection as a control measure
6. The presence of vulnerable workers, for E.g. the young & inexperienced worker.
7. Finding from previous inspection which may suggest compliance concern.
8. Accident history &results of investigations enforcement authority may recommend inspection & last but not the
least workers have their voiced their concerns.

A serious accidents has occurred .during the investigation it is found that an inspection of the work site had taken
place before the accident.
Outline possible reason why the inspection did not lead to unsafe condition being corrected.
1. It may have been that the unsafe activity was not taking place at the time of the inspection or the hazard was
not obvious & consequently the inspector would not have noticed it.
2. The unsafe condition might have been observed but was not mentioned in the report of the inspection & even if
it had been included.
3. The report might not been seen by a responsible person or had not been followed up & the corrective action
taken.
4. There might have been a situation where the responsibility for taking the corrective action was unclear for
instance if there had been a number of different employer on site
5. Finally the failure to correct the unsafe action may well have been caused by the inability of the inspector t carry
out a proper inspection because of his / her lack of knowledge & competence.

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Outline reasons why an organization should review its H&S performance?
1. Reasons for review H&S performance would be mainly to check whether health & safety aims & objectives are
achieved.
2. Other reasons such as to identify substandard health & safety practices & condition.
3. To identify trends in relation to different types of incidents 0r incidents in general by analysis relevant data.
4. To compare actual performance with previously set target or “benchmark “the organization performance against
that of similar organization or industry norm.
5. To identify whether control measure are in use, to assess their effectiveness & to be able to make decision on
appropriate remedial measure for any deficiency identified, to identify any new or changed risk .
6. To assess compliance with legal requirements & accepted national / international standard
7. To be able to provide a board of directors or safety committee with relevant information
8. To boost & motivate the work force
9. And ultimately because monitoring & review is a vital component of any safety management & is essential if the
system is externally accredited.

A worker has been seriously injured in an accident at work.

Outline the immediate long term action that should be taken?
1. Isolating services & making the area safe.
2. Administering first aid treatment & contacting the emergency services.
3. Informing the family of the victim, offering council & support notifying the regulatory authority if appropriate.
4. Collecting initial evidences such as photograph & sketches & the name of witness.
5. Setting up the accident investigation team & investigating the accident.
6. Determining the root & underlying cause of the accident.
7. Making & implement recommendation to prevent a recurrence of the accident & ensuring feedback is provided
to the workforce.
8. Collecting evidence to be used in any possible litigation following the accident & managing the provision of
information to the media.

Explain the purpose and benefits of collecting near--‐miss data

Outline reasons why it is important for an organization to investigate “near miss incidents”?
1. Near miss investigation will prevent future accidents, today near miss is likely to be the future accidents.
2. Greater number of number of near misses occur than accidents-meaning more learning opportunities to
improve health & safety.
3. In near misses are investigated & corrective actions put in place.
4. This will send positive signals amongst workers which in turn promote positive morale amongst them leading to
motivation, team spirit & sense of belongingness, good for any company.
5. Dangerous occurrences are even more critical, it is a high potential near miss with a serious injury potential.
6. Hence a regular level of investigation is needed, where required experts can be called up from the third party,
government body etc. to investigate the matter & take necessary remedial action.

Outline why an organization should have a system for the internal reporting of accident or
Outline reason why accidents should be reported & recorded with in a workplace?
1. Prevent reoccurrence: to enable accident investigation with the aim of preventing accidents of a similar type.
2. Legal requirement: to meet the legal requirement of legislation & standard & to prevent legal against legal cases.
3. Demonstrates the effectiveness of present H&S standard.
4. Accident reports shows pattern & trends of the accidents, unsafe act & unsafe condition
5. Reporting helps to Identify area for improvement & learn from the mistakes
6. Collected data needed to defend against civil claims & benchmarking.
7. Insurance claims purpose
8. Useful in review of risk assessments.

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Identity why workers might not be report accident at work place? Or outline factor that might discourage
employees from reporting workplace accidents?
1. Lack of awareness: the worker may not be aware of the reporting procedure or not fully trained in how to report
what to report or why they should report.
2. Trivial nature: due to the trivial nature of injury so the worker thinks there is no need to record it.
3. Time loss: accidents investigation takes too much time if reported.
4. Jeopardise: the opportunities could get loss if reported like incentive, promotion.
5. Blame culture: there may be blame culture within the organization, where the person may feel they will blamed
for the accident.
6. Over complicated procedure.
7. Embarrassment: it example can be used for others.
8. Management reaction : no proper reaction of the management on previous accident
9. Peer group pressure: there may a peer group pressure (not to report).

OUTLINE OR LIST ACCIDENT WHOM TO REPORT

1. A compensation report for the insurance institution.
2. A report for the static producing body.
3. A sing form which contain all essential data for all authorities.

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