Professional Documents
Culture Documents
മലയാളം
The type of materials to be collected in different disease conditions are mentioned below
BACTERIAL DISEASES
HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA
Caused by Pasteurella multocida and characterized by high fever, localized oedema and
respiratory symptoms.
Materials to be collected
1. Blood smear
2. Smears of fluid from swelling
3. Blood in sterile container
ANTHRAX
Note: Do not open a carcass if anthrax is suspected. Such carcasses should be disposed by
deep burial with quick lime and the premises should be thoroughly cleaned with
disinfectants such as 10% formalin or 10% caustic soda.
BLACK QUARTER
Materials to be collected
1. Blood
2. Smears from contents of small intestine
3. Contents of intestine
Contents of small intestine with and without chloroform separately on ice, kidney, urine.
BRUCELLOSIS
1. Milk
2. Blood
3. Serum sample (Paired serum sample)
4. Vaginal mucus, uterine fluid.
5. Stomach contents of foetus, aborted foetus
JOHNE’S DISEASE
GLANDERS
TUBERCULOSIS
A chronic contagious disease of man and animals caused by different species of the Genus
Mycobacterium. The disease is characterized by a painful, dry, hacking cough, respiratory
distress, abdominal pain, diarrhea, chronic bloat, emaciation, irregular oestrus cycle,
abortion, sterility, formation of small nodules in mammary tissues, painful swellings of
the joints etc., depending upon the involvement of the different systems of the body.
Materials to be collected
LEPTOSPIROSIS
A zoonotic disease caused by the different species of the Genus Leptospira. The disease is
seen as an acute or chronic or clinically inapparent condition and is characterized by
sudden fever, muscle tremors, anorexia, haemoglobinuria, icterus and abortion.
Materials to be collected
1. Blood
2. Blood smear
3. Serum
4. Urine
5. Tissue from kidney, liver and spleen in 10% formalin
6. Milk or urine in vials by adding 1 drop of formalin per 20 ml
SALMONELLOSIS
A chronic or acute contagious disease of all species of animals, birds and human beings
caused by the various serotypes of the Genus Salmonella. Disease is characterized by
gastroenteritis, high temperature, dullness and ataxia. Usually the disease is manifested in
two forms namely enteric form and septicaemic form.
Materials to be collected
1. Blood
2. Faeces
3. Intestinal content, heart blood and bile in separate sterile vials
4. Tissues like mesenteric lymph nodes, kidney and gall bladder for histopathology
ACTINOMYCOSIS
1. Pus smear
2. Pus in sterile container on ice
3. Tissue from swelling for histopathology
ACTINOBACILLOSIS
Actinobacillosis or Wooden tongue is a chronic infectious disease of cattle and sheep and
is caused by Actinobacillus lignieresi. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the
tongue and soft tissues around the head and neck, protrusion of the tongue that is hard and
swollen, anorexia, progressive weight loss, enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes
and a loud snoring sound.
Materials to be collected
1. Pus smear
2. Pus in sterile container on ice
3. Affected tissue for histopathology
LISTERIOSIS
Listeriosis or Circling disease is a fatal infectious disease of man and animals caused by
Listeria monocytogenes. The disease is characterized by encephalitis, abortion or
septicaemia.
Materials to be collected
1. Blood
2. Cerebrospinal fluid
3. Brain
4. Aborted foetus or placenta
5. All internal organs in 10% formalin or on ice.
MYCOPLAMOSIS/CCPP/CBPP/CORYZA
Contagious disease of cattle, sheep, goat and poultry affecting thoracic organs especially
lungs and pleura. Disease is caused by the different species of the Genus Mycoplasma.
Materials to be collected
CHLAMYDIA/PSITTACOSIS
Materials to be collected
1. Nasal swab
2. Lung pieces in sterile vials on ice
3. Impression smears from lungs, liver, conjunctiva and foetus
4. Serum samples (Paired serum samples)
5. Internal organs in 10% formalin
Materials to be collected
1. Vaginal mucus
2. Stomach content of aborted foetus
VIRAL DISEASES
From ailing animals –Blood at the height of body temperature in heparin or EDTA for
isolation. Paired sera in sterile vials on ice for serology
From dead animals –Spleen, lung and lymph nodes on ice for isolation. Spleen, lymph
nodes, intestine in 10% formol saline for HP
BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHOEA/ MUCOSAL DISEASE
From ailing animals –Nasal / cular discharge for isolation, Blood in EDTA for isolation,
Paired serum samples for serology, Semen for isolation. From dead animals –Lymph
nodes and spleen in sterile vials on ice for isolation, Intestinal swabs for isolation
CANINE DISTEMPER
From ailing animals –Vesicular epithelium in 50% Phosphate Buffered Glycerine, Oeso-
pharyngeal fluid in 50% Phosphate Buffered Glycerine
serum for serology, Swabs from vaginal and nasal lesions for isolation. From dead
animals –
Pieces of trachea, lungs in PBS on ice for isolation, Pieces of trachea, liver, turbinate
bone,
lungs for HP
From dead animals –Spleen and liver in sterile containers on ice for isolation. Liver, gall
bladder and kidney in 10% formol saline for HP. Impression smears from liver fixed in
methanol
From ailing animals –Rectal swab and faeces in PBS, Paired serum samples. From dead
animals –Pieces of intestine, heart on ice for isolation. Liver, heart, intestine in 10%
formol saline for HP.
RABIES
From dead animals –Head / Whole carcass on ice for demonstration of viral antigen, viral
inclusions and isolation of virus. Brain on ice for demonstration of viral antigen, viral
inclusions and isolation of virus. Note: It is not advisable to open the skull by persons not
protected by vaccination.
RINDERPEST
From ailing animals –Blood for isolation. Paired Serum samples for serology. From dead
animals –Spleen lymph node, alimentary tract mucosa for HP
SWINE FEVER
-From ailing animals –Heparinised blood at the height of temperature for isolation. From
dead animals Pieces of spleen, mesenteric lymph glands, intestine especially ileocaecal
region in 50% glycerol saline for isolation. Pieces of brain, lung, intestines, ileocaecal
region and kidney for HP
POULTRY DISEASES
From ailing animals –Ailing bird. Paired serum sample. From dead animals –Bursa of
fabricious in 50% Buffered Glycerine saline. Bursa of fabricious, kidney, spleen for HP
MAREK’S DISEASE
From ailing animals –Ailing bird. Paired serum sample. From dead animals –Trachea,
ovary, liver, kidney, spleen for HP
RANIKHET DISEASE
From ailing animals –Serum sample, Ailing bird. From dead animals –Fresh carcass on
ice. Liver, spleen, trachea, bronchi, lungs in 50% Buffered Glycerine saline.
Proventriculus for HP
PARASITIC DISEASES
THEILERIOSIS
-Blood smears, Biopsy smears from swollen lymph nodes from early stage of disease
fixed with Methanol
BABESIOSIS-Thin blood smears fixed in Methanol 3. ANAPLASMOSIS- Thin blood
smears fixed in Methanol
FILARIASIS
SURRA/TRYPANOSOMIASIS
SCHISTOSOMIASIS-
Dung sample (Avoid contact of water which may aid in hatching of the egg). Nasal
schistosomiasis –Nasal discharge in normal saline, Nasal granuloma in normal saline
TRICHOMONIASIS
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
-Nasal discharge in sterile vial, Nasal swab, Granulation tissue in 10% formol saline
TOXICOSES/ POISONINGS
AFLATOXICOSIS
-100 gm of suspected feed (specially groundnut cake), Liver and spleen in 10% formol
saline, Liver and spleen on ice
POISONING CASES
For chemical analysis fresh tissues and fluids should be sent as soon as possible and on
ice. Avoid addition of preservatives to the samples. Use 95% ethanol @ 1ml per gram of
sample when necessary.
PLANT POISONINGS
MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
MASTITIS
ABORTION
Whole foetus/ all internal organs of foetus on ice, Vaginal swab in PBS, Pieces of
placenta in sterile vials on ice, Pieces of placenta in 10% formalin, Paired serum samples
ETHMOID TUMOU
Semen in sterile vials, Prepucial swab on ice, Paired serum sample on ice
-Feed/ Fodder, Blood smears, Urine sample, Faecal sample, Blood samples collected in
EDTA on ice from live animals, Serum samples from live animals, Stomach contents,
spleen, lung, lymph node, liver, kidney, intestine in sterile vials from dead animals on ice,
Stomach contents, spleen, lung, lymph node, liver, kidney, intestine in 10% formol saline
Freezing/thawing impedes isolation of some pathogens and damages tissues. NWHC prefers unfrozen
specimens if they can be sent within 24-36 hours of collection or death. We will provide guidance on
freezing samples on a case-by-case basis. As a general guideline: if you cannot call or ship within 24-36
hours, freeze the animal(s).
□ Contact FIT to get shipping approval and discuss shipping arrangements. Typically, ship
specimens by 1-day (overnight) service, Monday through Wednesday, to guarantee
arrival at NWHC before the weekend. If specimens are fresh and need to be shipped on
Thursday or Friday, special arrangements can be made.
□ Email/fax history and tracking number to FIT. Packages will not be opened if history
does not arrive first!
□ Use rubber, vinyl, or nitrile gloves when picking up sick or dead animals. If you do not
have gloves, insert your hand into a plastic bag.
□ More than one disease may be affecting the population simultaneously. When possible,
collect both sick and dead animals. Note behavior of sick animals before euthanizing.
□ Collect specimens that are representative of all species affected and geographic areas.
□ Collect the freshest dead specimens. Decomposed or scavenged carcasses are usually of
limited diagnostic value. If you plan to collect animals in the field, take along a cooler
containing ice to immediately chill carcasses.
□ Contact NWHC for assistance when collecting samples from animals that are too large to
ship.
□ Collect animals under the assumption that an infectious disease or toxin is involved and
other animals may be at risk. Protect yourself as some diseases and toxins are hazardous
to humans.
□ Immediately attach a leg tag to each animal with the following information in pencil or
waterproof ink:
- Date collected - Species
- Location (specific site, town, county, state) -Found dead or euthanized
- Collector (name/address/phone) -Your reference #
□ Place each animal in a plastic bag, close, and seal the bag. Cover zipper bag closure with
strapping or duct tape after sealing zipper.
Twist non-zipper bags closed, fold over on itself, and secure with package strapping or duct tape.
□ Place 1st bag inside a 2nd bag, close and seal. More than one individually bagged animal
can be placed in the 2nd bag. This prevents cross-contamination of individual specimens
and leaking shipping containers.
□ Tag the outside of 2nd bag and number of animals and type, date collected, location, and
name of collector. Reminder order: TAG, BAG, BAG, TAG.
□ Use a hard-sided cooler in good condition for shipment. Close the drain plug of cooler
and tape over inside. Line cooler with a thick bag (1 mil thickness, 3rd layer of bags).
□ Using packing or duct tape, tape the cooler shut around the lid and at each end using a
continuous wrap around the cooler.
□ Attach the shipping document (airbill) with the DOT information below to the outside of
each cooler in a resealable pouch:
Address:
National Wildlife Health Center
Necropsy Loading Dock
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
Emergency Contact:
NWHC FIT emergency
608-270-2400
Supplementary Labels:
Keep Cold
□ Mark the cooler with the appropriate information:
(See Pg. 3 for printable marking labels)
o Carcasses of animals that died of unknown causes:
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE, CATEGORY B and UN 3373.
o Blood and tissue samples from apparently healthy animals (hunter-killed, live captured):
EXEMPT ANIMAL SPECIMENS.
o Blood and tissue samples from dead or sick animals:
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE, CATEGORY B and UN 3373.
.
□ Note the tracking number in case packages are delayed.
Appendix:
Example of bags available at large supermarkets (list not all inclusive):
Absorbent material:
Super absorbent packet or pads for water Cellulose wadding
Paper towels Cotton batting or cotton balls
Do not use packing peanuts or shredded paper.
UN3373
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES, CATEGORY
B
EXEMPT ANIMAL
SPECIMENS