[bdhefcl Bclgfse Fkfios ti BNG Xtukbcts teriule Xicls

 Dlus
 Dl usttfcd ^ bcy Purcd
Pur cdo
odsd
sdrr f, X.Pk
X.P k, OO

Dastrdm.  Adedsd Fcllrfs kf Fckicbsfd tbgde kfdjdrmdc ougdf tfclmdt pbckfkfmdc

kdsdr. Adedsd Fcllrfs fcf kfpbgdjdrf igbe pdrd sfswd cugdf kdrf tfclmdt kdsdr
 sdopdf kbcldc obcbclde ademdc kf pbrlurudc tfcllf. Kf Fckicbsfd pdrd sfswd
obopbgdjdrf Adedsd Fcllrfs sbadldf adedsd dsfcl (Bclgfse ds d Nirbflc
 Gdcludlb). Rouocyd pboabgdjdrdc Adedsd Fcllrfs obchdmup lrdoodr, wrftfcl,
rbdkfcl, gfstbcfcl, kdc spbdmfcl. Cdouc kbofmfdc, pdrd pbcldjdr Adedsd Fcllrfs
 juld pbrgu obcldjdrmdc dspbm aukdyd kdrf adedsd Fcllrfs tbrsbaut. Dspbm aukdyd
kdrf adedsd Fcllrfs fcf kdpdt kftboumdc kdgdo fkfio. Fkfio ydcl obrupdmdc
adedsd mfdsdc sbrfclmdgf kflucdmdc kdgdo pbrhdmdpdc sbedrf-edrf igbe pdrd
 pbcutur dsgf Adedsd Fcllrfs. Xdgde sdtu hdrd ydcl kdpdt kfpbrlucdmdc
kfpbrlucdmdc uctum
obcldjdrmdc fkfio dkdgde kbcldc fcstruobct gdlu. [ugfsdc fcf oboadeds
 pbcldjdrdc fkfio Adedsd Fcllrfs obgdguf gdlu-gdlu abradedsd Fcllrfs. Gdlu-gdlu
abradedsd Fcllrfs ydcl oboudt fkfio kf kdgdo gfrfmcyd kdpdt obcjdkf sdrdcd
 ydcl bnbmtfn, mdrbcd kbcldc obckbcldrmdc
obckbcldrmdc gdlu, ourfk-ourfk dmdc tbroitfvdsf
uctum obchdrf tdeu odmcd fkfio ydcl tbrkdpdt kdgdo gfrfm gdlu tbrsbaut.

Fctrikuhtfic
Bclgfse gdcludlb fs sbbc ds d sflcfnfhdct pdrt in bkuhdtfic. [eb tbdhefcl in
Bclgfse gdcludlb fc Fckicbsfd fs ciw bvbc stdrtbk nrio teb bdrgy gbvbg in bkuhdtfic.
[efs Bclgfse tbdhefcl bvbc lbts oirb hiopgbx ds teb stukbcts rbdhe eflebr bkuhdtfic
gbvbg. Efle-sheiig stukbcts, nir fcstdchb, fs dgrbdky bxpbhtbk ti odstbr teb Bclgfse
tbcsbs dck fc ndht, dgg pdrts in Bclgfse, cdobgy, lrdoodr, wrftfcl, rbdkfcl, gfstbcfcl,
spbdmfcl drb hioprbebcsfvbgy tdulet ti teb stukbcts.
Fc spftb in teb hiopgbtbcbss in teb Bclgfse gdcludlb tbdhefcl, wb seiugk abdr fc
ofck tedt teb tbdhefcl in Bclgfse gdcludlb fs cit hichbrcbk icgy ic gbdrcfcl teb
gdcludlb ftsbgn, aut dgsi gbdrcfcl teb bxprbssfics. [edt fs, gbdrcfcl eiw pbipgb usb
nflurdtfvb gdcludlb fc irkbr ti bxprbss hbrtdfc obdcfcls ds teby spbdm. [efs nflurdtfvb
gdcludlb hdc ab niuck fc fkfios.

\edt fs dc Fkfio9
Dc fkfio fs
fs d perdsb weisb obdcfcl
weisb obdcfcl hdccit
hdccit ab kbtbrofcbk ay teb gftbrdg
teb  gftbrdg kbnfcftfic
in teb perdsb ftsbgn, aut rbnbrs fcstbdk ti d nflurdtfvb
d nflurdtfvb obdcfcl tedt fs mciwc icgy teriule
hiooic usb. Jdhqubgfcb Doarisb bxpgdfcs tedt fkfios sedrb hugturdg dck efstirfhdg
fcnirodtfic dck aridkbcs pbipgb‖s uckbrstdckfcl dck odcfpugdtfic in d gdcludlb.
gdcl udlb.
 Dlustfcd ^. P. : [bdhefcl Bclgfse Fkfios
Fkfios ti BNG Xtukbcts ... 42<

Doicl teb vdrfius kbnfcftfics in fkfios drb: (4) teb gdcludlb pbhugfdr ti d pbipgb,
hiuctry, hgdss, hiooucfty ir, oirb rdrbgy, dc fckfvfkudg= (1) d hicstruhtfic ir
bxprbssfic edvfcl d obdcfcl kfnnbrbct nrio teb gftbrdg icb ir cit dhhirkfcl ti teb usudg
 pdttbrcs
 pdttbrcs in teb gdcludlb (Cbw \bastbr‖s Kfhtficdry, 4668). Ft fs teb sbhick kbnfcftfic
tedt abst sufts teb nihus in tefs pdpbr.
Fc siobicb's cdtfvb gdcludlb, fkfios ody ab d cdturdg pdrt in spbdmfcl. Dc fkfio
fs cit rbdggy hicsfkbrbk ti ab sbt fc d gdcludlb. [eby drb oirb fc icb's hugturb. Fkfios
drb oistgy nir just icb gdcludlb. Fc siob hdsbs, webc dc fkfio fs trdcsgdtbk fcti
dcitebr gdcludlb teb obdcfcl in teb fkfio fs hedclbk ir kibs cit odmb dcy sbcsb dt ds
ft ichb kfk fc dcitebr gdcludlb. Fkfios drb priadagy teb edrkbst tefcl nir d pbrsic ti
gbdrc fc teb prihbss in gbdrcfcl d cbw gdcludlb. [efs fs abhdusb oist pbipgb lriw up
usfcl fkfios ds fn tebfr trub obdcfcls dhtudggy odmb sbcsb.
Nurtebr, Xdbbk
Nurtebr, Xdbbk (1008)
(1008) fkbctfnfbs dc fkfio ds wirks higgihdtbk tilbtebr edppbc ti
 abhiob nissfgfzbk,
 abhiob nissfgfzbk, abhiofcl
 abhiofcl nfxbk ivbr tfob. [efs higgihdtfic -- wirks hiooicgy usbk
fc d lriup -- hedclbs teb kbnfcftfic in bdhe in teb wirks tedt bxfst. Ds dc bxprbssfic,
b xprbssfic, teb
wirk-lriup  abhiobs d tbdo, si ti spbdm. [edt fs, teb higgihdtbk wirks kbvbgip d
spbhfdgfzbk obdcfcl ds d weigb dck dc fkfio fs airc. Dc fkfio fs d lriup in wirks fc
wefhe teb obdcfcl in tefs lriup fs kfnnbrbct tedc wedt wiugk ab bxpbhtbk. Fn teb dhtudg
wirks in dc fkfio wbrb uckbrstiik ds teby dppbdr, teb bctfrb obdcfcl wiugk ab
hedclbk dck teb lriup in wirks wiugk odmb ci sbcsb fc fts hictbxt ds fn ft wds
uckbrstiik ds ti ab dc fkfio. \ebc d pbrsic usbs dc fkfio, teb gfstbcbr oflet tdmb teb
dhtudg obdcfcl wricl fn eb ir seb eds cit ebdrk tefs nflurb in spbbhe abnirb.
Fkfios tbck ti hicnusb teisb cit dgrbdky ndofgfdr wfte tebo= stukbcts in d cbw
gdcludlb oust gbdrc fts fkfiodtfh bxprbssfics teb wdy teby gbdrc fts itebr vihdaugdry.
Dc bxdopgb in Bclgfse fkfio fs, aurc teb ofkcflet ifg . D gfstbcbr wei mciws icgy teb
obdcfcls in ―aurc‖, ―ofkcflet‖ dck ―ifg‖ wiugk cit ab dagb ti nflurb iut wedt fs teb
dhtudg obdcfcl abfcl bxprbssbk= wefhe fs, ti stdy up vbry gdtb wirmfcl ir stukyfcl.
Dgteiule ft hdc rbnbr gftbrdggy ti teb dht in aurcfcl spbhfnfh ifg, 
ifg,  cdtfvb spbdmbrs rdrbgy
usb ft tedt wdy.
425 ©Pbclboadcldc Pbckfkfmdc, ^ig. >, Ci. 1, edg 42>-4>;, Kbsboabr 1006

[bdhefcl Fkfios nir BNG Gbdrcbrs

Fkfios ds d pdrt in bvbrykdy spbbhe drb uckiuatbkgy fopirtdct nir teb BNG
gbdrcbrs. Nir odcy rbdsics, fkfios drb kfnnfhugt ti gbdrc dck ti tbdhe. Ds stdtbk ay
OhPdrtgdck (4654), fkfios drb cit gftbrdg: teby ki cit obdc wedt teby sdy. [eb bdsfbst
drb teisb wefhe edvb bxdht hiuctbrpdrts fc teb gbdrcbr's oitebr ticlub, dck teb oist
kfnnfhugt icbs drb teisb wefhe edvb ci hiuctbrpdrts dck weisb obdcfcl hdccit ab
kbrfvbk nrio teb hicjifcbk obdcfcl in tebfr hicstftubcts. Fc gfcb wfte teb prbvfius
stdtbobcts, fc ebr drtfhgb ic gbdrcfcl dck tbdhefcl fkfios Fruji (465>) dssbrts tedt
sbhick gdcludlb fkfios drb vbry kfnnfhugt ti gbdrc abhdusb teby drb cit gftbrdg dck teby
ki cit obdc wedt teby sdy. Fc dkkftfics seb dttrfautbs teb kfnnfhugty in fkfios ti teb
niggiwfcl:
Nfrst: Fkfios drb nrbqubctgy iofttbk fc teb spbbhe dkkrbssbk ti sbhick gdcludlb
gbdrcbrs. Cdtfvb spbdmbrs tbck ti usb sfopgb, hichrbtb, bvbrykdy vihdaugdry webc teby
dkkrbss sbhick gdcludlb gbdrcbrs. Xbhick: Fkfios vdry fc nirodgfty nrio sgdcl dck
higgiqufdgfsos ti teisb wefhe hdc ab usbk fc nirodg sftudtfics. Fn gbdrcbrs try ti rbgy ic
tebfr nfrst gdcludlb ti ebgp tebo usb tebo fc tebfr sbhick gdcludlb, teby wfgg ab
suhhbssnug fc icgy d vbry nbw fcstdchbs. Fc oist hdsbs tefs strdtbly wfgg prikuhb dc
fchirrbht dck intbc hiofhdg niro. [efrk: Odcy sbhick gdcludlb odtbrfdgs bftebr flcirb
fkfios bctfrbgy ir rbgbldtb tebo ti teb "itebr bxprbssfics" sbhtfic in vihdaugdry gfsts,
wfteiut privfkfcl bxbrhfsbs nir gbdrcfcl tebo.
Fc spftb in teb kfnnfhugty ti tbdhe Bclgfse fkfios, ft fs stfgg cbhbssdry nir teb
Bclgfse tbdhebrs ti tbdhe tebfr BNG stukbcts tebsb fkfios. [eb rbdsic fs abhdusb fkfios
drb hiooic fc Dobrfhdc kdfgy gfnb dck privfkb d rfhe siurhb in Dobrfhdc hugturb
(Hiipbr, 4666). [eb prbvfius stdtbobct hgbdrgy hicnfros tedt gbdrcfcl Bclgfse gdcludlb
fs cit obrbgy gbdrc teb systbo in teb gdcludlb aut dgsi hivbrs teb hugturdg pdrt in teb
gdcludlb ir oirb prbhfsbgy teb cdtfvb spbdmbr in teb Bclgfse gdcludlb.
Bxdopgbs in fkfios drb ds niggiws:
4. D afrk fc teb edck fs wirte twi fc teb ause= wefhe obdcs:
edvfcl siobtefcl tedt fs hbrtdfc fs ouhe abttbr tedc td mfcl d rfsm nir oirb, abhdusb
hedchbs drb yiu oflet gisb bvbrytefcl.
1. D agbssfcl fc kfslufsb= wefhe obdcs:
siobtefcl liik tedt fsc't rbhilcfzbk dt nfrst.
 Dlustfcd ^. P. : [bdhefcl Bclgfse Fkfios
Fkfios ti BNG Xtukbcts ... 426

8. D hefp ic yiur seiugkbr= wefhe obdcs:

obdcfcl: abfcl upsbt nir siobtefcl tedt edppbcbk fc teb pdst.
;. D kfob d kizbc= wefhe obdcs:
obdcfcl: dcytefcl tedt fs hiooic dck bdsy ti lbt.
2. D kiuatfcl [eiods= wefhe obdcs:
d smbptfh wei cbbks peysfhdg ir pbrsicdg bvfkbchb fc irkbr ti abgfbvb siobtefcl.
>. D krip fc teb auhmbt= wefhe obdcs:
d vbry sodgg pdrt in siobtefcl afl ir weigb.
<. D niig dck efs oicby drb bdsfgy pdrtbk= wefhe obdcs:
ft's bdsy nir d niigfse pbrsic ti gisb
g isb efs/ebr oicby.
5. D eiusb kfvfkbk dldfcst ftsbgn hdccit stdck= wefhe obdcs:
bvbryicb fcvigvbk oust ucfny dck nuchtfic tilbtebr ir ft wfgg cit wirm iut.
6. D gbipdrk hdc't hedclb efs spits= wefhe obdcs:
yiu hdccit hedclb wei yiu drb.
40. D pbccy sdvbk fs d pbccy bdrcbk= wefhe obdcs:
 ay cit spbckfcl oicby, yiu drb sdvfcl oicby
oicby (gfttgb ay gfttgb).
44. D pfhturb pdfcts d teiusdck wirks= wefhe obdcs:
d vfsudg prbsbctdtfic fs ndr oirb kbshrfptfvb tedc wirks.
41. d pfbhb in hdmb= wefhe obdcs:
d tdsm tedt hdc ab dhhiopgfsebk vbry bdsfgy.
48. d sgdp ic teb wrfst= wefhe obdcs:
d vbry ofgk pucfseobct.
4;. d tiss-up= wefhe obdcs:
d rbsugt tedt fs stfgg
stf gg uchgbdr dck hdc li bftebr wdy.
42. Dhtfics spbdm giukbr tedc wirks= wefhe obdcs:
ft's abttbr ti dhtudggy ki siobtefcl tedc just tdgm daiut ft.
4>. Dldfcst teb hgihm= wefhe obdcs:
rusebk dck seirt ic tfob.
4<. Dgg Lrbbm ti ob= wefhe obdcs:
obdcfclgbss dck fchioprbebcsfagb gfmb siobicb wei hdccit rbdk, spbdm, ir uckbrstdck
dcy in teb Lrbbm gdcludlb wiugk ab.
4>0 ©Pbclboadcldc Pbckfkfmdc, ^ig. >, Ci. 1, edg 42>-4>;, Kbsboabr 1006

45. Dc dro dck d gbl= wefhe obdcs:

vbry bxpbcsfvb. D gdrlb doiuct in oicby.
46. Dppgb in oy byb= wefhe obdcs:
siobicb wei fs hebrfsebk daivb dgg itebrs.

[bdhefcl Fkfios [eriule Xicls

D stukbct wfggfclcbss ti bdrc hdc ab bchiurdlbk teriule d oitfvdtfic. Ds
odfctdfcbk ay Nrfte (466<):
‗Oitfvdtfic hdc ab kbnfcbk ds teb fctbrcdg krfvb kfrbhtfcl abedvfir tiwdrks siob
bck. Fcbrtfd fs d pripbrty in odttbr ay wefhe ft rbodfcs dt rbst ir fc ucfniro
oitfic fc teb sdob strdflet gfcb ucgbss dhtbk upic ay siob bxtbrcdg nirhb.
 Oitfvdtfic ebgps fckfvfkudgs ivbrhiob fcbrtfd.‟
Fc hichgusfic, seb bopedsfzbs tedt oitfvdtfic ti gbdrc fs pdrdoiuct ti stukbct
suhhbss. Hirrbspickfcl ti tefs stdtbobct, Aibmdbrts (1001) hicnfros tedt oitfvdtficdg
 abgfbns dht ds ndviurdagb hictbxts nir gbdrcfcl. Oitfvdtficdg abgfbns rbnb r ti teb ipfcfics,
 juklbobcts dck vdgubs tedt stukbcts eigk daiut iajbhts, bvbcts ir suajbht-odttbr
kiodfcs. Qbsbdrhebrs edvb kbshrfabk teb abgfbns tedt stukbcts usb ti dssflc obdcfcl ti
gbdrcfcl sftudtfics. D spbhfnfh sbt in oitfvdtficdg abgfbns pbrtdfcs ti teb vdgub stukbcts
dttdhe ti d kiodfc.
Ds bgdairdtbk fc prbvfius pdrdlrdpe, oitfvdtfic eds dc fopirtdct rigb nir gbdrcfcl
 prihbss= teus, tbdhebrs
tbdhebrs seiugk nfck d wdy tedt hdc bgbvdtb stukbcts‖ oitfvdtfic ti gbdrc.
Nir dc Bclgfse tbdhebr, icb in teb bnnbhtfvb wdys ti tbdhe Bclgfse ti BNG stukbcts fs ay
usfcl tbdhefcl fcstruobct. Fc tefs hdsb, teb tbdhefcl fcstruobcts tedt hdc ab usbk ti
tbdhe fkfios ti BNG stukbcts drb sicls.
Xicls drb utfgfzbk nir teb gfstbcfcl dhtfvftfbs. [eb sicls tedt drb usbk seiugk
hictdfc fkfios fc tebfr gyrfhs. Ay kifcl si, teb stukbcts hdc bcjiy teb gfstbcfcl dhtfvftfbs
dck dt teb sdob tfob teby drb dgsi gbdrc fkfios. Gyrfhs in pipugdr sicls drb
gfclufstfhdggy dutebctfh, ds teby drb wedt sicl wrftbrs dck sfclbrs wdct ti sdy usfcl
Bclgfse, aut cit nir teb sdmb in tbdhefcl Bclgfse. [ebsb sicls edvb siobtefcl tedt
dppbdgs striclgy ti pbipgb. Xiobtfobs uckbrstdckfcl Bclgfse pipugdr sicl fs d gbdrcbr's
 prfchfpgb fctbrbst ir rbdsic nir gbdrcfcl Bclgfse, ds wbgg ds uckbrstdckfcl oivfbs dck
 aiims (Dkdhef, 4664).
4664).
 Dlustfcd ^. P. : [bdhefcl Bclgfse Fkfios
Fkfios ti BNG Xtukbcts ... 4>4

Xfofgdrgy, Qfhedrks dck Qiklbrs (465<) prioitb tedt dsm stukbcts ti gfstbc ti d
sicl hdc rdfsb stukbcts‖ fctbrbst. Dntbr teby gfstbc ti teb sicl, teb stukbcts drb dsmbk ti
hdthe teb wirks fc teb sicl dck wrftb tebo kiwc.
[eb hrftbrfd nir teb sicls utfgfzbk fc tefs gbdrcfcl prihbss drb sicls tedt hictdfc
fkfios. [ebrb drb sbvbrdg pipugdr sicls tedt teb wrftbr innbrs fc tefs pdpbr. [eb nfrst
sicl fs ‗Iut in teb Agub‟ pbrnirobk ay Ofhedbg Gbdrcs ti Qihm, teb sbhick sicl fs
‗Dcyicb in Rs‟ pbrnirobk ay Ldrbte Ldtbs dck teb tefrk sicl fs ‗Puzzgb in Oy Ebdrt‟
sucl ay \bstgfnb.
Bdhe sicl fs bgdairdtbk fc teb niggiwfcl sbhtfic:
4. ‗Iut in teb Agub‟
[eb fkfios hictdfcs fc tefs sicl drb ds niggiws:
d. gisb oy ndfte,
ndfte, wefhe obdcs cit edvfcl d hicnfkbchb dcyoirb ti siobtefcl
 a.  stigb oy ebdrt , wefhe obdcs ti odmb siobicb nbbg dttrdhtbk
h. iut in teb agub,
agub , wefhe obdcs siobtefcl tedt sukkbcgy dck ucbxpbhtbkgy ihhurs
k.  nrizbc ofck , wefhe obdcs d ofck wefhe eds abhiob fckfnnbrbct ti siobtefcl
b. iut in teb kdrmcbss, wefhe obdcs ti rbgbdsb siobicb nrio d sdk sftudtfic dck
odmb efo/ebr abhiob edppy
n. ariulet ob iut fc teb suc , wefhe obdcs ti odmb siobaiky‖s gfnb abhiob
hebbrnug
l. arbdtefcl dfr abgiw oy wfcls,
wfcls , wefhe obdcs lfvb d spfrft ir pdssfic ti siobicb
wei eds abbc kbspbrdtb
e. tiim ob rflet iut in teb cflet, wefhe obdcs ti nrbb siobicb nrio d kbprbssfcl
sftudtfic
f.  nfggfcl oy ebdrt wfte gflet , wefhe obdcs ti arfcl edppfcbss ti siobaiky‖s gfnb
siobaiky‖s  gfnb

1. ‗Dcyicb in Rs‟
in Rs‟
[eb fkfios hictdfcs fc tefs sicl drb ds niggiws:
d. gbt yiu kiwc=
kiwc= wefhe obdcs ti odmb siobicb kfsdppifctbk
 a. teb sftudtfic lbt iut in edck , wefhe obdcs d sftudtfic tedt hdccit ab hictriggbk
h. dcyicb hdc ndgg , wefhe obdcs dcyicb hdc odmb d ofstdmb
4>1 ©Pbclboadcldc Pbckfkfmdc, ^ig. >, Ci. 1, edg 42>-4>;, Kbsboabr 1006

k. ebdrts arbdm , wefhe obdcs webc siobicb nbbg tedt eb/seb gisb s iobtefcl vbry
 prbhfius
b. d gfttgb hrdzy,
hrdzy, wefhe obdcs dht wfgkgy

8. ‗Puzzgb in Oy Ebdrt‟
[eb fkfios hictdfcs fc tefs sicl drb ds niggiws:
d.  seb nfggs oy sbcsb,
sbcsb, wefhe obdcs siobicb wei odmbs us dgwdys tefcmfcl daiut
ebr
 a.  F'o gisfcl oy kbnbchbs,
kbnbchbs, wefhe obdcs d sftudtfic webc wb hdccit kbcy teb stricl
nbbgfcl ivbr siobicb
h. tdmbs ob teriule teb cflet, wefhe obdcs ti lfvb teb dafgfty ti hipb wfte bvbry
kfnnfhugty
k. teb pfhturb fs hiopgbtb,
hiopgbtb, wefhe obdcs d nbbgfcl tedt siobicb‖s
siobicb‖ s gfnb fs pbrnbht
b.  puzzgb in oy ebdrt , wefhe obdcs siobicb wei odmbs iur gfnb abhiob pbrnbht

Nurtebroirb, tebrb drb lbcbrdg stbps tedt hdc ab dppgfbk fc teb hgdssriio fc irkbr ti
tbdhe teb fkfios teriule sicls. [eb stbps drb ds niggiws:
4. Lfvb fctrikuhtiry bxpgdcdtfic. Abnirb teb dhtfvfty fs abluc, teb tbdhebr bxpgdfcs
teb purpisb in teb dhtfvfty ti teb stukbcts. [eb rbdsics in kifcl tefs drb ti
stfougdtb fctbrbst fc teb prilrdo dck dgsi ti lfvb d liik fkbd in wedt wiugk ab
bxpbhtbk in tebo fc tbros in gbdrcfcl nrio teb gfstbcfcl dhtfvfty.

1. Pgdy teb sicl. Abnirb kfstrfautfcl teb tbxt hipfbs, teb tbdhebr pgdy teb sicl nfrst.
[eb stukbcts drb dsmbk ti gfstbc ti
t i teb sicl qufbtgy dck hdrbnuggy.

8. Kfstrfautb teb fchiopgbtb tbxt in teb sicl dck dsm teb stukbcts ti rbdk ft. [eb
fchiopgbtb tbxt wds obdct ti rbprbsbct dc fctbrobkfdtb stdlb fc stukbcts‖ dttbopt
ti wrftb kiwc teb wirks dck prbkfht teb hictbct dck niro in teb fchiopgbtb pdrts.

;. Pgdy teb sicl rbpbdtbkgy. [eb stukbcts drb dsmbk ti hdthe teb ofssfcl wirks ir
gyrfhs fc teb sicl dck wrftb tebo kiwc wefgb teby drb gfstbcfcl ti teb sicl
rbpbdtbkgy, nir bxdopgb terbb tfobs..

2. Hebhm teb stukbcts‖ prbkfhtfics. [eb tbdhebr lfvbs teb stukbcts teb ippirtucfty ti
gbt efo/ebr mciw tebfr prbkfhtfics in teb ofssfcl wirks tedt teby edk wrfttbc
 Dlustfcd ^. P. : [bdhefcl Bclgfse Fkfios
Fkfios ti BNG Xtukbcts ... 4>8

kiwc fc tebfr tbxt ay dsmfcl tebo ti wrftb kiwc teb ofssfcl wirks ic teb
weftbaidrk.

>. Hirrbht teb ofstdmbs fc stukbcts‖ prbkfhtfics.

stukbcts‖ prbkfhtfics.

<. Hrbdtb dc dhtfvb lubssfcl dhtfvfty. [eriule d kfshussfic daiut teb tbxt, teb
stukbcts drb fcvftbk ti odmb dc dhtfvb lubssfcl dhtfvfty in teb ucmciwc wirks.

5. [eb tbdhebr seiws teb fkfios fc teb tbxt.

6. Lfvb hioprbebcsfic qubstfics daiut teb sicls si tedt teb stukbcys hdc hdthe teb
obssdlb ir teb fkbd tedt teb sicl wrftbr wiugk gfmb ti hicvby teriule teb gyrfhs fc
efs/ebr sicl.
40. Fcvftb teb stukbcts ti sfcl dgicl.

Hichgusfic
[bdhefcl Bclgfse gdcludlb ti BNG stukbcts fs cit icgy daiut tbdhefcl teb systbos
in teb Bclgfse gdcludlb, aut dgsi hichbrcbk wfte teb hugturdg dspbht in teb cdtfvb
spbdmbr. [efs hugturdg dspbht hdc ab gbdrct teriule fkfios. Xfchb Bclgfse fkfios seiws
teb ucfqubcbss in teb hugturb, d ucfqub pebciobcic ds wbgg ds d kfstfchtfvb bxprbssfic
in Dobrfhdc. [eus, tbdhefcl fkfios fs sbbc ds fopirtdct nir BNG stukbct. Vbt, ft fs cit
dc bdsy tdsm nir teb BNG tbdhebr. Eiwbvbr, tebrb fs dc fcstruobct tedt hdc ab usbk ti
tbdhe fkfios, tedt fs, sicls. Xicls hdc oitfvdtb stukbcts ti gbdrc Bclgfse, tebrbnirb,
teriule sicls, teb BNG tbdhebr hdc tbdhe fkfios fc dc bcjiydagb wdy. Bclgfse sicls
tedt hictdfc fkfios hdc ab dc bnnbhtfvb obdcs ti gbdrc fkfios. Ay utfgfzfcl sicls, BNG
tbdhebrs hdc prdhtfhb teb gfstbcfcl smfggs in teb stukbcts dck dt teb sdob tfob, foprivfcl
tebfr mciwgbklb in teb Bclgfse fkfios.

Qbnbrbchbs

Dkdhef, [btsumi. (4664). ‗D Ousfhdg Dppridhe ti Gfstbcfcl Hioprbebcsfic: Rsfcl

Pipugdr Xicls fc dc BXG Hgdssriio ‟. Obo.
‟. Obo. NdL. Bkuh. Ofydzdmf
Ofydzdmf Rcfv. Euo.
>6(4664) PP.
>6(4664) PP.4-4- 6

Aibmdbrts, Oicfqub. (1001) ‗Oitfvdtfic ti Gbdrc‟.

Gbdrc‟ . Bkuhdtficdg Prdhtfhbs Xbrfbs 40.
Fctbrcdtficdg Dhdkboy in Bkuhdtfic (FDB). Arussbg.
4>; ©Pbclboadcldc Pbckfkfmdc, ^ig. >, Ci. 1, edg 42>-4>;, Kbsboabr 1006

Nrfte, Hiccfb. (466<). Oitfvdtfic ti Gbdrc. Bkuhdtficdg Hiooucfhdtfics dck

[bhecigily Puagfhdtfic. Rcfvbrsfty in Xdsmdthebwdc

Hiipbr, [. H. (4666). ‗Prihbssfcl in Ffkfios ay G1 Gbdrcbrs in Bclgfse‟. [BXIG

Tudrtbrgy,
Tudrtbrgy, 88 (4), 188-1>1.

gruji, X. "Kic't Put Viur Gbl fc Viur Oiute: [rdcsnbr fc teb Dhqufsftfic in Fkfios fc d
Xbhick Gdcludlb." [BXIG, 10, Ci. 1 (465>), F - ;<.

OhPdrtgdck, P. "[dmb ft Bdsy: Dobrfhdc Fkfios." Gdcludlb

Fkfios." Gdcludlb Gbdrcfcl, 88, Ci.; (4654),
2 -40.

-------. Cbw
-------. Cbw \bastbr Kfhtficdry.
Kfhtficdry. (4668). Kdcaury: Gbxfhdc Puagfhdtfics. Fchirpirdtfic.

Xdbbk, Jiec F. (1008). Xbodctfhs.

Xbodctfhs. 1ck bkftfic. Ixnirk: Agdhmwbgg.