You are on page 1of 25

   

       



    


  

   
                   
                  
   

                           


   !                   
 ""                     #

       


$
%     
              


   
 
     &'  
  (             
        (                 
    
  
!   )   
              

               * +    * +     



*  "+ ,     -           
       

*"+ 
*&+ 

   
  
 

*%+        






     .  


               

 
        

%"/"

%"/"


 
        

"


 




 

 
 
    





ººº
ºº



ºº
ºº
ºº
ººº
º
º





 " ( 
 

  
      ¾ 

                         0


 1      
1  2       3         
     
         *    
     + 

 

 
    

*/+ 
*+ 

      

*4+     
   
5      .           
     
   
   
6    7     ) %          
 ! 
,             
           6
                           8
    8  9      
 *         + 
*#+  
    
 

 

:       )   *#+              
   



      

   
 
     
      
    :             


    "4        "'  
 
  %"/"&4

%"/"&4   


       -     -     )        
    %4 !    1      * ; 8 < = + 


 
   

&
 



   

  






¼

 



 ·½  
½

 & (            


  ·¾
 
   

 

 ½ 

          


      $     


 -      


   >    :?  @  *   ""'%/+ 
      



*+ 
   

 )      *.A'+  -   .    


  %"/"& 

B              


         .

-   -    / &'
C
                       D 
             
  7      
 .
      
         1       
          
  3          1
                        
   

6   6        


 

   1  
   
5            ?          *  
   -    + 
           
    *  &+  .
         -8 -  -  -  
  
*+       
  

        

%
 

 
' & '4
" "  ''
& "/" !! '''&/
% "/"/&"    
/ "/"/&"%4&%E#  
 
 "/"/&"%4&%E#%''/'E"4 ! 

 
4 "/"/&"%4&%E#%''/'E"4#&/&'E4'#44E#"#%#    
 " (  
   "   

      -              


 
 

     
        F !
     -      


1     *   +      
 


 

  
       .  G 
    :            -  
        "


5 E             .      8



 



      "& 
6    .          
   8       6  "  H  "/ * 
        
   +

  

!
"
6           
   >         

*"'+  
      
 
 
  
  
   

*""+        

!      1 I J  I J          


  
    K!H>L 


  
  

*"&+          


   
    
6
*"%+  

   
 

       

      

       

/
 
*"/+  
    
 
  
 

  
  1         H      "/ -   

   !H>       && *B 


  "4"+  

 

*"+      
    
 

 

 6       *K.   ) 3L+            )  


         & 
*"4+     

 
     
H  .      "  6     
  *  +  7      )             
                                

  
       
              
        %

1.6
1.4
1.2


1

0.8
0.4

0.6
0.2
0.4

0.2

½  ¾
0 0
–1.8 –1.4 –1 –0.8 –0.4
–0.2 
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 –1
–0.5 0.5 1

–0.4 –0.2
–0.6
–0.8
–1
–0.4

–1.2
–1.4
–1.6

 % ( 6  90 7   *&&+                
          ?   6   *"4+                

     

    ?             M         


    :

     .  
H     2             
 
        %    
 :  E 
 "#/ &"
 ) #    !H>* "+       & $ 
      *"& 


 F+           "%



           !"   ###

     $ 


   
' " ## ! " "
" " # ""  '&'#
& """  """  
  

% """/'&%/#E  """/'&%/ !    


/ """/'&%/#E%&&'#/ # """/'&%/#E%&&'#/%E #   
 """/'&%/#E%&&'#/%E&&/&& """/'&%/#E%&&'#/%E&&/&& 
 
'E%&%#&&#&E"&  'E%&%#&&#&E"& !
4 'E%&%#&&#&E"&44%&"4E"&4%4 'E%&%#&&#&E"&44%&"4E"&4%4  


#/E&/4/'&E"/"/%"4#E'%  #/E&/4/'&E"/"/%"4#E'%
# #/E&/4/'&E"/"/%"4#E'% #/E&/4/'&E"/"/%"4#E'% 
 


4E/#%%%E#'#&&'E#&/%#4&& 4E/#%%%E#'#&&'E#&/%#4&&
#E&##%#E'%&'%'#4E4'&"4# #E&##%#E'%&'%'#4E4'&"4#
4/E4#&#%#'E/%'/"#"E#%  4/E4#&#%#'E/%'/"#"E#% !!
 & (         8         " 


  
 # 

:    
         
 

           
    
 
  

      


 

      



        
!   "               
    N


           -   


    %    
   
 


        "            !-

 $

  # %
   
   
                  

  

      
4
   
' " ## ! ' % ## !
" "' #$#! ' $! %"/ !$!
& "'''' # ' ! %"/"&4 !#!
% "''''''''''  '  %"/"&4%#%&% !
    

  
    ! 

 <

' % " '/ " ' " " '4 &# '"
" / " " " ' &
% & '/
& 4 " /% " % /
 "' '#
% "'
"'" "  
" &" "'
/ "
&"
" "4
/' /& "%
 %/
/&
/' %&
/ 4 "4
4 44
4
/ 4/
"#" "#% "
# "%'
"#/
"#" "&
%/ %/# &&
 &
%/
%/ &4
4/ 44 &
 "/
4#
4/ "&
"%& "%/ &
"' "'&4
"%4
"%& "'&/
&# &#" %"
 % (         8        6           

        7  <        !    


   
 

 


       1      !  0   "      


              

 &&    "E'''E'''       "E'''E'''     !   " 


   &''     G                .
  
  
E    .      9     -      1 
        
               

        
  

        


>       :O 8:  8 8 8    "#


>   -     !   "     "'  %      
   9      -
         
    
!   "
        
       -       
  8
      $                
   
!          .  
         8
       
 -  % 5  
       
   

!    1             % /  &&
!
 
       
      
    "'''   
 / 

      

#
%"/"&4%E#%&%/4E&4/%%%&#E'&/"#"E4%%#"'E&'#///E&%'#"4/E'4&4
&'4&'E%/&%/&""E#'4#&"/E'4"%&&%E'44/#'%/E/4''&E&%"#&%/E'"&
/"""#/'&E/"'&#'"%E&""'E4//4&&/E/%'%"4E//&"'#E44%%//4"E&/#
4/&%%#4#E%"4&#"&'E"'"/4/E44&%/4'%E/4"'//%&E44/&"%%%E4'#&4'&/"E/"&#%
#&/#''44E'4%""#E/"&'&'E4&&&/'E"#"%4/%4E#&'%4'E'""%%'%'E/&'
/44&"%/"E/4"/""E"4'/%%'#E&#'%4#E"%'&"E4""#%"%&E4""#%"'"E"/
'#//4&%#E4&#/4#%E"#&#&/E"&&#%"E%'""/"&E%%4#%%4&E//'444/%'E4'&"
%//4%&E&/#%#"'#'E&"#4'/%E#'&##'%&E"#"#4&%"#E4#&%/4#/E"/4#44/E'"%&
'''4"&#"E/&4%4'&E####"%/&E###4'"E#%4%#"##&E"/4//''"E&&/%/%'"E/4/
%#"''#E&&#4&E&%/&'"E4""&"&'E&"4'4/'%E//"""%E4&##/##"%E'4'
"#'#&""%E/%#E&#'/"E'#%"#%&E"4'4%"E'&///E%/4'%'&4E/&&&
%'&%%//4E'%&4"%E"""#"'"'E''%"%#%#E&4#%E%&'%"/&'E4"#"##44"E/#%'%
&%/'/E&#/4#%E""4&4%E&%%##E%#"##E"##'%&E"#"&&4'44E"%''"
&##44"""E'&"4/&E'"
 / ( "'''      

!      -                 K3   L " $


                0     &

  &'
    . PC     :    ! >    B, QR     
            :   9           

()#) 
"   ==  == 
&   ==  ==
3  
% G 
 9, G  P> G  3G 3 0 : "4  1   3 "4
% &'' '(  
')*)+,-')# $.
/ G 
 9, G  P> G  3G "4 ?  @     1     8
 -   3  ,           3 /'
% &'' '(  
')*)+,-')$.
 G.  3 "#" !  
 3 /   H  3  G  7$ &'%
4 G 
 9, G  3G 3 0 : "" $             
 8
      "/ % &'' '(  
')*)+,-')# .
# G  6 G  P> G  3G " 3  ! :  G . &    : 
5 S . #&
 G  3G &'''   2  3 
% &'' '   
')*)+,-')#.
 G  P> G  3G "/    8           
  
    :!>  &4%  %"8%44

"' G  P> G  3G "/ 7          3 7 8
 > G &#  /%48//% 
  

"" G  P> G  3G "# 3   !H> C


 5 S . /"/
"& G    "%            B   T 3  6  
"% 7   G7 "#" !               ! > 
>  
#  /48'
"/ H   7 !  8      G  % %4"8/'%  H   7 "4%8"%
C.U      VO  H     C     2 HO   G  "8"&
 62   
 
  
     


" H   7 ""#    BW   G  "'="/%8#&  H   7 "4%8
"% C.U      VO  H     C     2 HO   G 
"8"&  62 
"4 H   7 "#4 >       "#48""/U      BR8
   V 8?G U   6   9  R    B   : U
    !.     ,  C   *$  E V .  - .  C 8
    U G  &4+ H X 3    62   
"# V  9B "  !  7   3    Y  & :     
  ! 8C 
 ?   >: #4&
" 6  !> """ B-     Z   Y  "
" 5  9P "& ?     -              "/8
"#/  H    ,
  CV 5  9P 6    -   
      :Z    Z 1 Z *#+ 3   ET  Z 
>  Z  >  Z  "#%
&' ?  @  : "&# >   1     -    M  P3
!>  / %'8%#&
&" :   B "#4 7     3     8      > 7  
"% 48#'
&& : .  9 C PC "4& 7     3 "'''''    >  7   "4
#48#
&% :  P " 5  >  . "  :  G

 
 


 *+
7

 ! "4" !  
          9  5 S .
C  H 5 "%%   1       >  H 2  "# 8"# 


  
     
  
          

 
  !
 

 ,,
-.  
/ 
  
/ ,0
             
*"#+             


  

                 8    
 
*"+          
 
5   

           
 
 
 

   
 
 
 

   
 

  1   1        


     
      
                    
 
     

  
 

  


     ¾
           #  
 
*"+      #    
 
            *        +
*&'+         #     # 


#  #  # 
G
    
                   
 # 
            #
   

 
#            
    ¾


  


 ,,
-. 1 
      * +    *$ +     * +     
                
$  %  %   %  %

$   -              *#+  *&'+ 


 
   #   T   
               - 

"'
                         *#+
  


*&"+  
  
    

          
:     *#+     *"#+   
   
   
          


                     ¾


                  

 ,,
-. 


0 # 2 
"  
      6   & ' "     G       
    


 '  &  $                        


    &          '        '       
       '        G              
 &  '          

 ,,
-. 31  # 4' 
6    *  *++  (  2    *  &%+
(  (

   

(      
  ( 
(    ( 


   1     )    ¾

 ,,
-. 4'  #  

        


 

    

  
    
 


     
  " 
 
 

      

   


  -      
""
.   
%   
  


 
&    


"       F
8"    

8&    
  

  
8%  
   

   +/    


 
   


 ,,
-.  



2
0

  
 
  
  
    
   
 
        

  
     


       

     
 

 

        ¾

 ,,
-. 3

15 
 
  
 
  

 
                        
     %   %       %    % 
  %        %   %    
)
*&&+  %  
  %        

  


  
 


       7       
*&%+  %   
  %   

"&
T       %                 -  
*&/+      

G     1                  2      


[     *''+             %        
    

   


           
 

C )                    2     




@      
       %    

*&+

               

       



                    

   

 
    
  
 
  


              *&/+      


 


  
     


 
 

        
      
                  
      

     
 

 
 
 

*&4+    ¾


    
 
   
       -      K  L   
        
        
    T          2   *&+  
        
     

  %
       



 
     


      
 

       

 


 
   
  


*&#+ 

   
      *&4+  *&#+       /
"%
5 
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.6 4
2.4
2.2
2
  
1.8 3
1.6
1.4 
1.2
1
 2 


0.8
0.6
0.4 ¾
0.2 
0 1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
 

! / 6      K"L  *&4+  K&L  *&#+ ?        )   *&+  


0    

 6
1
 #  

  
  !"  

    


 

7            


 
 )  

 

*
*&+ )   
   *   *

            *

   *  * 
  *  
  
 *
* 
  *    

 

    *     

   

   
*       
     

* 
 


    


)      

          
     
*&+ 

       


     

 


        #    

     *  "+ 
  
 )  

*%'+ )
  

"/
C       #    
   


        
# 
               
 

#  


    
#  
         


   

    
)


  

 #
 
  #  
 #
 



 
     
 )   ¾

B1   *%'+    )                   


    
  
*
*%"+ )        )     )  
     
    )    
  


  *    

C   *"+      *     
  
 

   
  )    
 
  **  *
  
  
  
*  
 
 
 ¾
    
   
* 
  
   

 #          




         #
 $
  ) 

*%&+      

  *"'+  *"/+   


 
*%%+           

    )                       


  *"'+               I J  I J        


*%/+               

"
 

 
            
        



         
    


  

     

 
    
        
  
      ¾

 
*    +

 
*%+  
 
 
 )    

6.

4.

3.

2.

  
 


!  *%+ )   * +    *  +      


"       1        )  

+     *   *       *   *
     *  

   
   *       *    
   
  

      )         "&
 
*
*%4+ )   


+
      


   #    * #    * ,  #  #  ,        






  * *   
 
  ,       

#
¼

 
 ¼

     *  #
  
  

*%#+   
   
   

"4
   -    * -   *
 
  *
     *
 

       * *      * *
  


   * 

*%+           * *   -    






  *%4+ *%#+  *%+           ¾


        

*%+

   )  

  )      . 

"  6
*/'+      )  

T       1          "   
      
     *
 

  
        *
*


    *
 

 
          * *   

 
 

:      .      


  



    *    * 

 
 
 


  * *


 
*/"+    
    *




 

 
0

2   

–2
0

–2
 –4

   
–4 –6

–6 –8

–8
–10

     
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 –4 –3 –2 –1 0

! 4 G   6 


 
*%+ */'+ 6   >   )   5      .  ?  
*/"+             *    
    

"#
T         
   .           
 ¼
   

)            *%4+       




 

*/&+

  

 

 
     


   )  

¾    
0 ¾
 
 
0 
–2
 
–2
–4

   –4
–6

–6
–8

–8
–10

     
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 –4 –3 –2 –1 0

!      U     * 


     

  */4. +#*G  


 *//+ *   */+ *  
 
  
  

     */4  + *      

          .       *  - /       

    /      

  !


  
 
     *
 ,   ,  +0  0 +       * 0  +    *
      *

 

,
+ 0  0+
 +0 + 0  
    ,   ,  ,  
     *  

+   
  /    *


 
 
*/%+     *    *     

   *
   *  

   * 
*//+      *   

     *   * 

 

*/+     /    *   /  *

  /   *   /    *

  

 //  *     *



*/4+  
   

"
   
       
¼
    ¼
 
¼

   
 

¼   


     * 

   * 


*





  *

 

   *
 

  *


 


*/#+

  *
 
 

  )  



*/+ 

6        
 #
 */%+  */+   /  
 *//+  . */4+   /   

*/+   /       */4+
 */+   /     */#+
 */+   /     */+     **".++

"
3  3  
2.8 2.8
2.6  2.6 
2.4 2.4
2.2
 2.2 
2  2 
1.8  1.8 
1.6  1.6 
1.4 1.4
1.2 1.2
1
 1

0.8 0.8
0.6
 0.6 
0.4
 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

 

   ¾
2.5  2

 
2  1.5
 
 
1.5

 1

1

 
 0.5


0.5

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

 

   

0.8 0.4

0.6
 0.3


 
 
0.4
0.2



 
0.2
 0.1

 
 

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
1.21.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.3 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.5 1.52 1.54 1.56
 

 
 

0.14 0.014

0.12 0.012

0.1
 0.01

  0.008


0.08


0.06 0.006
 
0.04 0.004

 
 

0.02 0.002

0 1.54 1.544 1.546 1.548 1.55 1.552 1.554 1.556 1.558 1.56 1.562 1.564 1.566 1.568 1.57
1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.5 1.52 1.54 1.56

 

!       */%+ */+   0     5   0   

&'
   */"+  */&+  
    )  
 )  

  

!   
   
 
 

 * 
 )      
   *    



   

   */'+        1 



)    
 
      )               ¾



  
  
 %& 
 '
     

(   

  )*


*/+ 
     
  

C  

" 

)    )   *,  


+


   
   
  )    
   *""%"+
     
  )    
  *%'+
    
  )      
   *%/+
  
  
   ) 
  


           *%+           ¾
6                              
C )   1 

    

*'+     1    
 

         1    1           


      


  

  

    !"#1


    
*"+         
  



  
 1  1       
    
  

 
  

&"
"  * +       3     % *+     
   1   
0         *+    
    
*&+     



    
         *"/+   $ 
                 
$ 
       
 




 

$ 
 



G    *""+        


       

       


      

  
*%+    

 

G
  

       
  
                    ¾
 
   

        1         -         


             -   
        
 

C                       1 


1   
      !  
   


   
   


 

   % 
 +
       *  #



 
  
 


   


" !  3     %                       
  
             C       * */++

*/+        
    

    -   


       * -+       
  90        



*+    
  
  


  


  



&&
     -   
       * -+     
                *4#+              


      *90     *"'+  *"/++


 
    
  
*4+  
 
  
  
 
    

                   
     
 
*#+       
 

 
 
    

C         *"'+*"%+  *4+       

*+  

  

 
    


  

 


*+  
 
 
      

  

   
*4'+      


 
*4"+      
   

*4&+    
 
   

       
*4%+    
   
        
*4/+   
      
  
     
*+                      ¾

   

"  

*84'+   *4+ 
    
 
   
*4"+ *4+      

  
       
   ¾
     

*4&+ *4'+

     

       ¾


&%
*4%+ *4'4"+                       

  

              ¾


 
   
*4/+ *4&4%+  ¾

  *4'+  *4&+                    


 8    ! *4"+  *4%+       


 -   
 9)

*4+ /   
    

   

*4/+   

*44+ / 
   / 
  
   *+
/    

*4#+      
 


C   .         */+  -        *+  2 2   

      2 2                    


          

             *+ 


              
                                  

 

                       
    

   
  
 
   

 
 
 

   

 *4#+    *   +
/
  
 

           /       *#+


   

  
           /  
 

    



3  *+     
   /     
  

/   
 
   


           ¾

!    
   
 
/
  
/
 
  
          / 
   

&/
  *4&+  *4%+          *   %+ 

   
     
 

  

  

                          


 
 

        

 
 

 
 
 
 

    


   
           
 

     
    

    
   
    

   
      
   

   ¾
  

   

   


 
 



  




&

You might also like