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La Conciliación Extrajudicial Como Requisito de Procedibilidad en El Proceso Monitorio Una Interpretación Alternativa
La Conciliación Extrajudicial Como Requisito de Procedibilidad en El Proceso Monitorio Una Interpretación Alternativa
La Conciliación Extrajudicial Como Requisito de Procedibilidad en El Proceso Monitorio Una Interpretación Alternativa
la conciliación extrajudicial
como requisito de procedibilidad
ĕĞĕĜĠĢğēĕģğĝğĞęĤğĢęğ
una interpretación alternativa*
Omar Alfonso Cárdenas Caycedo**
Resumen
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Revista del Instituto Colombiano de Derecho Procesal/P
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Abstract
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FYQFEJUBZFDPOØNJDBRVFFOVOQSPDFTPKVEJDJBM
1PESÓB QFOTBSTF
UBM WF[
RVF FM USÈNJUF DPODJMJBUPSJP SFTVMUB SJFTHPTP QBSB
FMFKFSDJDJPBUJFNQPEFMPTEFSFDIPTEFMGVUVSPEFNBOEBOUF/PPCTUBOUF
UBM
TJUVBDJØOEJTUBNVDIPEFMBSFBMJEBEFMBSUÓDVMPEFMB-FZEFBmSNB
RVF MB QSFTFOUBDJØO EF MB TPMJDJUVE EF DPODJMJBDJØO TVTQFOEF FM UÏSNJOP EF
QSFTDSJQDJØOZIBDFJOPQFSBOUFMBDBEVDJEBE
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FOUPODFT
UBNQPDPTFWFSÓBBGFDUBEBMB
UVUFMBKVEJDJBMFGFDUJWB
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DPNPSFRVJTJUPQBSBJOUFSQPOFSMBEFNBOEBRVFEBJOJDJPBVOQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
OP WJPMFOUB
TJOP RVF EFTBSSPMMB
MPT DJUBEPT QSJODJQJPT DPOTUJUVDJPOBMFT EFM
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33
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WJSUVBMi%JBHOØTUJDPFOUFNBTEFKVTUJDJBBmOEFEFUFSNJOBSMBFTUSBUFHJBQBSBGPSUBMFDFS
MPT TFSWJDJPT EF SFTPMVDJØO QBDÓmDB EF DPOnJDUPT QBSB MPT QPCSFT FYJTUFOUFTw #PHPUÈ
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34
&TUF QSJODJQJP IB TJEP EFTBSSPMMBEP FO NBUFSJB EF EFSFDIP QSPDFTBM FO EJGFSFOUFT
ÈSFBT DJWJM
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FUD
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$
$
$
$
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$
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QSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPFOMB4FOUFODJB$
RVFFNFSHFOEFMBTNJTNBTOPSNBTZEFMBBQMJDBDJØOEFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFOPUSPT
QSPDFTPT
RVFQFSNJUFOBTFHVSBSRVFTVFYJHFODJBFOQSPDFTPTNPOJUPSJPTTÓ
SFTVMUBDPOWFOJFOUF
&O QSJNFS MVHBS
FM QSPDFEJNJFOUP DPODJMJBUPSJP QFSNJUJSÓB B MB QBSUF
BDSFFEPSBMPHSBSVOUÓUVMPFKFDVUJWPTJOUFOFSRVFBDVEJSBOUFVOKVF[4JCJFO
FM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP FT FYQFEJUP
SFTVMUB DMBSP RVF SFRVJFSF EF MB QSFTFO-
UBDJØO EF VOB EFNBOEB
FM DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF SFQBSUP
MB FYQFEJDJØO EFM BVUP
DPOUFOUJWP EFM SFRVFSJNJFOUP EF QBHP Z MBT EJMJHFODJBT EF OPUJmDBDJØO
RVF
TJFNQSFDPOTVNFOUJFNQPZSFDVSTPTEFMBSBNBKVEJDJBMZEFMBQBSUFBDUPSB
&ODBNCJP
BMmKBSFMBSUÓDVMPEFMB-FZEFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFYUSBKV-
EJDJBMDPNPSFRVJTJUPQBSBFMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
FTBMUBNFOUFQSPCBCMFRVFVO
CVFOOÞNFSPEFBTVOUPTBMDBODFOFMUÓUVMPFKFDVUJWPFOUBMGBTF
TJORVFEFCBO
BDVEJSBOUFMBSBNBKVEJDJBM
BÞOBUSBWÏTEFMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP*OEVEBCMFFT
RVFVOQSPDFTPNFOPTFOVOKV[HBEP
BTÓTFBNPOJUPSJP
FTUFSSFOPHBOBEPB
MBDPOHFTUJØOKVEJDJBM
&OTFHVOEPMVHBS
FMQSPDFEJNJFOUPDPODJMJBUPSJPFTÈHJMZQFSNJUFBHPUBSTF
FONÈYJNPUSFTNFTFTTFHÞOMPTF×BMBMBMFZ1PSMPUBOUP
OPTFFTUÈTPNFUJFOEP
BMGVUVSPEFNBOEBOUFEFVOQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPBVOUSÈNJUFFOHPSSPTPPRVF
WBZBBEJMBUBSUSFNFOEBNFOUFMBTBUJTGBDDJØOEFTVQSFUFOTJØO
TJOPRVF
QPSFM
DPOUSBSJP
TFMFFYJHFDVSTBSVOUSÈNJUFFYQFEJUPZNVDIBTWFDFTFmDB[
DPNP
FTMBDPODJMJBDJØOFO$PMPNCJB-PBOUFEJDIPQFSNJUFDBMJmDBSMBmHVSBDPNP
BMUBNFOUFFYJUPTB
UPEBWF[RVF
TFHÞOFTUBEÓTUJDBTPmDJBMFT
FOUSFFMDVBSFOUB
ZDJODVFOUBQPSDJFOUPEFMBTTPMJDJUVEFTEFDPODJMJBDJØODVMNJOBOFOVOBDUB
EFBDVFSEPUPUBMPQBSDJBMEFFTUBTVOQPSDFOUBKFDFSDBOPBMOPWFOUBQPSDJFOUP
TPODVNQMJEBTQPSMBTQBSUFTTFHÞOMPTSFHJTUSPTEJTQPOJCMFT-BBOUFSJPSJOGPS-
NBDJØOTFTJOUFUJ[BFOMBTJHVJFOUFUBCMB
5BCMB DPOTUSVJEB B QBSUJS EF MB JOGPSNBDJØO EF FTUBEÓTUJDBT PmDJBMFT FO NBUFSJB EF
DPODJMJBDJØO FO $PMPNCJB
QVCMJDBEB QPS FM .JOJTUFSJP EF +VTUJDJB FO MB QÈHJOB XFC
XXXDPODJMJBDJPOHPWDP
QBSB MPT B×PT B -B JOGPSNBDJØO DPO MB OPUB i/P
QVCMJDBEBwIBDFSFGFSFODJBBRVFMPTEBUPTSFTQFDUJWPTOPTFFODVFOUSBOQBSBDPOTVMUB
EFMQÞCMJDPFOFMQPSUBMXFCNFODJPOBEP
"DUBT
"DUBTEF $POTUBODJBEF 1PSDFOUBKFEF
EFBDVFSEP
4PMJDJUVEFT BDVFSEP OPBDVFSEP
OP 0USPT DVNQMJNJFOUP
USBNJUBEBTFO
QSFTFOUBEBT QBSDJBMP BTJTUFODJBPBTVOUP SFTVMUBEPT EFMBTBDUBT
NFOPTEFUSFT
UPUBM OPDPODJMJBCMF EFBDVFSEP
NFTFT
No No
QVCMJDBEP QVCMJDBEP
-PTEBUPTNBSDBEPTDPOBTUFSJTDPOPIBOTJEPQVCMJDBEPTQPSFM.JOJTUFSJPEF+VTUJDJBFOFMQPSUBMXXX
DPODJMJBDJPOHPWDP
&O DPOTFDVFODJB
FM BDSFFEPS
RVF EF NBOFSB QSFWJB BM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP
EFCFBDVEJSBMBDPODJMJBDJØO
BDVEFBVOBJOTUJUVDJØOEFSÈQJEPUSÈNJUF B
NFTFT
DMBSBNFOUFFGFDUJWB BQSPYJNBEBNFOUFBEFBDVFSEPT
ZDPOVOB
UBTBEFDVNQMJNJFOUPBMUBSFHJTUSBEBFOMPTB×PTEJTQPOJCMFT BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF
EFMQBSBMPTB×PTZ
'JOBMNFOUF
TJEFDPOWFOJFODJBTFUSBUB
EFCFSFDPSEBSTFRVFFMBSUÓDVMP
EFM$ØEJHP(FOFSBMEFM1SPDFTP
WJHFOUFEFTEFFMEFPDUVCSFEF
TF×BMB
RVFFODVBMRVJFSQSPDFTP
DVBOEPDPOMBEFNBOEBTFJODMVZBPBDPNQB×BMB
TPMJDJUVEEFNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFT
MBDPODJMJBDJØOQSFKVEJDJBMOPFTFYJHJCMFDPNP
SFRVJTJUP1PSMPUBOUP
TJVOBDSFFEPSDBMJmDBEFJODPOWFOJFOUF
EFNPSBEBP
DPNQMFKBMBDPODJMJBDJØOQSFWJBBMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
MFCBTUBSÈDPOJOUFSQPOFS
MBEFNBOEBZTPMJDJUBSMBQSÈDUJDBEFMBTDBVUFMBTBVUPSJ[BEBTQBSBMPTQSPDFTPT
EFDMBSBUJWPT
MPDVBMTFSÈTVmDJFOUFQBSBPCWJBSFMSFRVJTJUPEFQSPDFEJCJMJEBE.
-B BOUFSJPS BmSNBDJØO QBSFDF PCWJB
TJO FNCBSHP HVBSEB VOB JNQPSUBODJB
SBEJDBM FO FM QSFTFOUF BTVOUP -B FYJHFODJB EF MB DPODJMJBDJØO FYUSBKVEJDJBM EF
NBOFSBQSFWJBBMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
OPSFTVMUBFYBHFSBEBTJTFUJFOFFODVFOUB
RVFTFSFBMJ[BQPSPUSBQFSTPOBPJOTUJUVDJØOEJTUJOUBBMKVF[PBMBNJTNBSBNB
KVEJDJBM&OFGFDUP
MBDPODJMJBDJØOTFSFBMJ[BBOUFDFOUSPTEFDPODJMJBDJØO
OPUBSÓBT
ZPUSPTGVODJPOBSJPT
EJTUJOUPTEFMKVF[RVFUSBNJUBFMQSPDFTP&OSFTVNFO
EF
BDFQUBSTFMBUFTJTTFHÞOMBDVBMFMSFRVFSJNJFOUPEFQBHPFTVOBGBTFOPKVSJT-
EJDDJPOBM
FTQFSGFDUBNFOUFWJBCMFFYJHJSBMBQBSUF
BOUFTEFBDVEJSBMQSPDFTP
NPOJUPSJP
BHPUBSPUSBGBTFOPKVSJTEJDDJPOBMQSFWJBQFSPBOUFPUSPPSHBOJTNP
-B JNQPSUBODJB EFM BHPUBNJFOUP EF MB GBTF DPODJMJBUPSJB EF NBOFSB QSFWJB
SBEJDB FO RVF FM DPODJMJBEPS FT VO UFSDFSP DBQBDJUBEP RVF JOUFSWJFOF FO FM
DPOnJDUPEFNBOFSBQPTJUJWBZFODBTPEFMPHSBSBDVFSEPFWJUBRVFFMDPOnJDUP
MMFHVFBOUFVOKVF[
DPOMPDVBM
TFQSFUFSNJUFJODMVTPMBGBTFDPSSFTQPOEJFOUF
BM SFRVFSJNJFOUP EF QBHP -P BOUFSJPS
TJO EVEB
DPBEZVWB B MB EFTDPOHFTUJØO
KVEJDJBMEFNBOFSBFGFDUJWB
&MFYJHJSMBDPODJMJBDJØOQSFWJBBQSPDFTPTNPOJUPSJPTOPBGFDUBTVFTUSVDUVSB
QVFTUP RVF
GSBDBTBEB BRVFMMB FUBQB
FM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP EFCF USBNJUBSTF UBM
Z DPNP MP IB EJTF×BEP FM MFHJTMBEPS
TJO RVF MB FYJTUFODJB EF MB DPODJMJBDJØO
USBTUPRVF TVT OPSNBT &TUB TJUVBDJØO TF SFBM[B BM BmSNBS RVF
FO DBTP EF RVF
FM EFNBOEBOUF TPMJDJUF NFEJEBT DBVUFMBSFT
RVFEB SFMFWBEP EF DVNQMJS DPO FM
SFRVJTJUP EF JOUFOUBS MB DPODJMJBDJØO Z QVFEF BDVEJS EJSFDUBNFOUF BM QSPDFTP
NPOJUPSJP
1PS ÞMUJNP
TJ TF BDVEF B MB mOBMJEBE EFM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP
DVBM FT MB EF
DPOTUJUVJSEFNBOFSBFYQFEJUBVOUÓUVMPFKFDVUJWPQBSBVOBPCMJHBDJØORVFDBSFDF
EFFTUF
EFCFBmSNBSTFRVFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFOOBEBDIPDBDPOFTUBmOBMJEBE
UPEB
WF[RVFDPOEVDF
FODBTPEFBDVFSEP
BJEÏOUJDPmO
FMDPOUFYUPMBUJOP
FTVODMBSPFKFNQMPEFVOQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPDBMJmDBEPDPNP
FKFDVUJWP
1PESÓB QFOTBSTF
prima facie
RVF MB EFDJTJØO EFM MFHJTMBEPS EF DBMJmDBS FM
QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP DPNP EFDMBSBUJWP
EFDMBSBUJWP FTQFDJBM P FKFDVUJWP
FT VOB
EFDJTJØOJOUSBTDFOEFOUF
EFNFSBUÏDOJDBMFHJTMBUJWBFJODMVTPEFQBSFDFSFT"RVÓ
TF QSPQPOF VOB WJTJØO EJTUJOUB
DPOTJTUFOUF FO QMBOUFBS RVF FO MPT FWFOUPT FO
MPTDVBMFTFMMFHJTMBEPSEFDJEFDBMJmDBSVOQSPDFTPDPNPEFDMBSBUJWP
FTQFDJBMP
FKFDVUJWP
UPNBVOBEFDJTJØOQPMÓUJDBZKVSÓEJDBRVFHFOFSBVOBTEFUFSNJOBEBT
DPOTFDVFODJBT
&M MFHJTMBEPS DPMPNCJBOP
RVF QVEP FTDPHFS PUSBT DMBTJmDBDJPOFT EFM
QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP
DPO PUSBT DPOTFDVFODJBT
EFDJEJØ JODMVJSMP FO MPT QSPDFTPT
EFDMBSBUJWPT FTQFDJBMFT
B TBCJFOEBT EF RVF FMMP HFOFSB VOPT FGFDUPT KVSÓEJDPT
FTQFDÓmDPT-BNÈTSFMFWBOUFFTKVTUBNFOUFMBFYJHFODJBEFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFYUSB-
KVEJDJBM DPNP SFRVJTJUP QBSB JOUFSQPOFS MB EFNBOEB
DPO BMHVOBT FYDFQDJPOFT
ZBNFODJPOBEBTFOFTUFEPDVNFOUP&YJTUFO
TJOFNCBSHP
PUSBTDPOTFDVFODJBT
BSBÓ[EFIBCFSDBMJmDBEPBMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPDPNPEFDMBSBUJWP
FOUSFMBTRVF
DBCFNFODJPOBS J
&MQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPRVFEBTVKFUPBMBTNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFT
QSPQJBT EF MPT QSPDFTPT EFDMBSBUJWPT
DPOUFOJEBT FO FM BSUÓDVMP EFM $(1
JJ
-BQSFTFOUBDJØOEFMBEFNBOEBEFVOQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPOPFYJHFMBQSFTFO-
UBDJØOEFVOFTQFDÓmDPEPDVNFOUP
DPNPTFFYJHFQBSBMPTQSPDFTPTFKFDVUJWPT
UÓUVMPFKFDVUJWP
JJJ
&ODBTPEFPQPTJDJØO
FMQSPDFTPNJHSBBMUSÈNJUFEFVO
WFSCBMTVNBSJPNBOUFOJFOEPBSNPOÓBFOMBTDMBTFTEFNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFTRVF
TFQVFEFOEFDSFUBS JW
4PMPFODBTPEFRVFFMEFNBOEBEPOPTFPQPOHB
PMP
IBHBQBSDJBMNFOUF
VOBWF[EJDUBEBMBTFOUFODJBRVFSFDPOPDFMBPCMJHBDJØO
FM
QSPDFTP NJHSB B VO FKFDVUJWP Z BCSF QBTP B MBT NFEJEBT DBVUFMBSFT QSPQJBT EF
EJDIPUSÈNJUF
#JFOIBCSÓBQPEJEPFMMFHJTMBEPSDPMPNCJBOPDBMJmDBSBMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
DPNP FKFDVUJWP
UBM Z DPNP PDVSSF FO MB SFQÞCMJDB CPMJWBSJBOB EF 7FOF[VFMB
DPOFMMPTFIBCSÓBUPNBEPVOBEFDJTJØOEFDPOWFOJFODJBRVFIBCSÓBJNQBDUBEP
BM USÈNJUF OP TF FYJHJSÓB MB DPODJMJBDJØO QSFKVEJDJBM
HP[BSÓB EF MBT NFEJEBT
DBVUFMBSFTQSPQJBTEFMPTFKFDVUJWPT
FUD1FSPFMMFHJTMBEPSDPMPNCJBOP
QPSVOB
SB[ØOPQPSPUSB
TFBCTUVWPEFBTJHOBSMFBMNPOJUPSJPFMSØUVMPEFFKFDVUJWPZ
QSFmSJØJODMVJSMPFOMPTEFDMBSBUJWPTFTQFDJBMFT
/P TF DPNQBSUF MB UFTJT RVF QSFUFOEF JSSBEJBS VOB DPOTFDVFODJB QSPQJB EF
MPTQSPDFTPTFKFDVUJWPT MBOPFYJHFODJBEFDPODJMJBDJØOFYUSBKVEJDJBMQSFWJB
BM
QSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP
BMBQFMBSBTVOBUVSBMF[BDPOFMMPTFEFTDPOPDFSÓBMBEFDJTJØO
EFQPMÓUJDBMFHJTMBUJWBRVFTFUPNØFO$PMPNCJBEFDMBTJmDBSBMNPOJUPSJPDPNP
VOQSPDFTPEFDMBSBUJWP
1PSÞMUJNP
EFCFBmSNBSTFRVFPUSBTMFHJTMBDJPOFTTÓIBOBEPQUBEPMBDPODJ-
MJBDJØODPNPVOSFRVJTJUPQSFWJPBMUSÈNJUFEFMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP&MBSUÓDVMP
$GS 13&$*"%0 %0.²/&$)
$BSMPT )VHP &M OVFWP QSPDFEJNJFOUP NPOJUPSJP
MBCPSBM QQ
%JTQPOJCMF FO IUUQXXXJVTMBCPSPSHXQDPOUFOUQMVHJOT
EPXOMPBENPOJUPSEPXOMPBEQIQ JE <$POTVMUBEP FO > *HVBMNFOUF
QVFEFDPOTVMUBSTF."35¶/+*.²/&;
$BSMPT.BOVFM5FPSÓBZQSÈDUJDBEFMQSPDFTP
NPOJUPSJPDPNFOUBSJPTZGPSNVMBSJPT7BMMBEPMJE-FY/PWB
Q
$GS "$045" +"3"
%BOJFMB &TUFGBOÓB $"45*--0 3&5"."-
3PCFSUP "MFKBOESP
&M QSPDFEJNJFOUP NPOJUPSJP MBCPSBM DIJMFOP
WJTJØO DSÓUJDB 6OJWFSTJEBE EF $IJMF
%JTQPOJCMF FO IUUQSFQPTJUPSJPVDIJMFDMCJUTUSFBNIBOEMFEF
BDPTUB@EQEG TFRVFODF<$POTVMUBEPFO>
5. Conclusiones.
&YJTUF VOB QPTUVSB EFGFOEJEB QPS BVUPSJ[BEPT FTUVEJPTPT EFM QSPDFTP
NPOJUPSJPRVFJOUFSQSFUBOFMBSUÓDVMPEFMB-FZEFFOFMTFOUJEP
EF RVF FM DJUBEP QSPDFTP OP SFRVJFSF EF MB DPODJMJBDJØO FYUSBKVEJDJBM DPNP
SFRVJTJUPQSFWJP
/PPCTUBOUF
FOFTUFBSUÓDVMPTFQSFTFOUBVOBQPTUVSBBMUFSOBUJWBPEJGFSFOUF
RVFEFmFOEFMBFTUSVDUVSBOPSNBUJWBEFMBSUÓDVMPEFMB-FZEF
RVF
DPOTJEFSBRVFOBEBEFJODPSSFDUPIBZFOPCFEFDFSBMUFYUPEFFTUFBSUÓDVMPQPS
FOEF
TFQMBOUFBRVFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFYUSBKVEJDJBMFTPCMJHBUPSJBQBSBFMUSÈNJUF
EFMPTQSPDFTPTNPOJUPSJPTZFTFTUBMBQPTUVSBRVFFMBVUPSSFDPNJFOEBTFHVJS
BMPTPQFSBEPSFTKVEJDJBMFT
&M EFCBUF QMBOUFBEP Z MPT JOUFMJHFOUFT BSHVNFOUPT FYQVFTUPT QPS MPT
QSPGFTPSFT$PMNFOBSFTZ$PSSFBQVFEFOBMJNFOUBSVOBQPTJCMFSFGPSNBMFHJT-
MBUJWBRVFFMJNJOFFMSFRVJTJUPEFMBDPODJMJBDJØOFYUSBKVEJDJBMQBSBMPTQSPDFTPT
NPOJUPSJPT 4JO FNCBSHP
NJFOUSBT EJDIB SFGPSNB OP NJSF MB MV[ Z FM UFYUP
EFMBSUÓDVMPEFMB-FZEFQFSNBOF[DBDPNPFTUÈ
EFCFDPODMVJSTF
RVF FM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP OP IBDF QBSUF EF MPT QSPDFTPT FYDFQUVBEPT EFM UBM
SFRVJTJUPDPOCBTFFOMPTBSHVNFOUPTFYQVFTUPTBMPMBSHPEFFTUFBSUÓDVMP
*HVBMNFOUF
TFDPODMVZFRVFFMSFRVJTJUPEFQSPDFEJCJMJEBEOPEFCFFYJHJSTF
QBSB MPT QSPDFTPT NPOJUPSJPT DVBOEP FM EFNBOEBOUF QSFTFOUF TPMJDJUVE EF
NFEJEBT DBVUFMBSFT FO DPOKVOUP DPO MB EFNBOEB
MBT DVBMFT TF FODVFOUSBO
BVUPSJ[BEBTQBSBEJDIPQSPDFTP
" OJWFM EF %FSFDIP DPNQBSBEP QVFEF DPODMVJSTF RVF TJ CJFO FYJTUF VOB
UFOEFODJB
CBTUBOUF NBSDBEB QPS DJFSUP
B OP FYJHJS FM SFRVJTJUP EF QSPDF-
EJCJMJEBE FO MPT QSPDFTPT NPOJUPSJPT
FYJTUFO BMHVOPT DBTPT FO MPT RVF TÓ TF
IB EJTQVFTUP DPNP PCMJHBUPSJP BHPUBS FM SFRVJTJUP FTQFDÓmDBNFOUF
TF IBDF
SFGFSFODJBBMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPMBCPSBMFO$IJMFZ&TQB×B
&M MFHJTMBEPS DPMPNCJBOP EFDJEJØ DBMJmDBS FM QSPDFTP NPOJUPSJP DPNP VO
EFDMBSBUJWPFTQFDJBM
DPOMPDVBMFTUFBTVNFDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTQSPQJBTEFEJDIPT
QSPDFTPT
DPNPMPDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFBMBTNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFTZMBFYJHFODJBEFM
BHPUBNJFOUPEFMQSPDFEJNJFOUPDPODJMJBUPSJPDPNPSFRVJTJUPEFQSPDFEJCJMJEBE
&OQSPEFMBFYJHFODJBEFMBDPODJMJBDJØODPNPSFRVJTJUPEFQSPDFEJCJMJEBE
FOQSPDFTPTNPOJUPSJPT
FTEBCMFFTHSJNJSMBQSPUFDDJØOZEFTBSSPMMPEFBMHVOPT
QSJODJQJPT DPOTUJUVDJPOBMFT EFM %FSFDIP QSPDFTBM JOUFHSBOUFT EFM EFCJEP
QSPDFTPBTÓ
QPSFKFNQMP
FMBDDFTPBMBBENJOJTUSBDJØOEFKVTUJDJB
DFMFSJEBE
Z
MBUVUFMBKVEJDJBMFGFDUJWB
Bibliografía.
"$045" +"3"
%BOJFMB &TUFGBOÓB $"45*--0 3&5"."-
3PCFSUP "MFKBOESP
&M QSPDFEJNJFOUP NPOJUPSJP MBCPSBM DIJMFOP
WJTJØO DSÓUJDB 6OJWFSTJEBE EF $IJMF
%JTQPOJCMF FO IUUQSFQPTJUPSJPVDIJMFDMCJUTUSFBNIBOEMFEF
BDPTUB@EQEG TFRVFODF<$POTVMUBEPFO>
#03#Á" 0-"4$6"("
#PSJT "DFSDBNJFOUP BM 1SPDFTP .POJUPSJP $BSUBHFOB
6OJWFSTJEBE EF $BSUBHFOB
%JTQPOJCMF FO IUUQ
KTQVJCJUTUSFBN"$&3$".*&/50"-130$&40
.0/*503*0&/$0-0.#*"<$POTVMUBEPFO>
$0-.&/"3&463*#&
$BSMPT"MCFSUP&MQSPDFEJNJFOUPNPOJUPSJPFO$PMPNCJB
&O &M QSPDFEJNJFOUP NPOJUPSJP FO "NÏSJDB -BUJOB 1BTBEP
QSFTFOUF Z GVUVSPw FE
#PHPUÈ5FNJT
&MQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJPFOFM$ØEJHP(FOFSBMEFM1SPDFTPFO$PMPNCJB-FZ
EF&O999*7$POHSFTP$PMPNCJBOPEF%FSFDIP1SPDFTBM#PHPUÈ6OJWFSTJEBE
MJCSFEF$PMPNCJB
"TQFDUPTQSÈDUJDPTEFMQSPDFTPNPOJUPSJP&O.FNPSJBTEFM9997*$POHSFTP
$PMPNCJBOP EF %FSFDIP 1SPDFTBM
TFQUJFNCSF
Z #PHPUÈ 6OJWFSTJEBE -JCSF o
*OTUJUVUP$PMPNCJBOPEF%FSFDIP1SPDFTBM
$0-0.#*"
$POTFKP 4VQFSJPS EF MB +VEJDBUVSB
TBMB BENJOJTUSBUJWB "DVFSEP
14""EFMEFPDUVCSFEF
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