TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................................. ii

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATEMENT FORM ................................................ iii

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................. iv

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. v

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................ vi

Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... x

List of Figures ......................................................................................................... xiii

List of Table ............................................................................................................ xiv

Terminology............................................................................................................ xvi

Chapter I Introduction .................................................................................................1

I.1 Research Background .................................................................................. 1

I.2 Problems Definition .................................................................................... 5
I.3 Research Objectives .................................................................................... 5
I.4 Problem Limitation and Assumptions ........................................................... 5
I.5 Benefits of Research ................................................................................... 5
I.6 Writing Systematic...................................................................................... 6
Chapter II Literature Review .......................................................................................8

II.1 Accident Causation Theory .......................................................................... 8

II.1.1 Domino Model .................................................................................... 8
II.1.2 Modification of Domino Theory ......................................................... 10
II.1.3 Reason Pathogen Model ..................................................................... 12
II.2 Occupational Safety and Health ................................................................. 13
II.2.1 Definition of Occupational Safety and Health ...................................... 13
II.2.2 Occupational Health and Safety Management System .......................... 14
II.2.3 Measuring Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Performance ..................................................................................................... 15
II.3 Organizational Culture .............................................................................. 17

x
 II.4 Organizational Climate .............................................................................. 20
II.5 Safety Culture ........................................................................................... 22
II.5.1 Indicator of Good Safety Culture ........................................................ 25
II.5.2 Model of Safety Culture ..................................................................... 27
II.6 Safety Climate .......................................................................................... 28
II.7 Difference between Safety Culture and Safety Climate ................................ 33
II.8 Methods for Evaluating Safety Culture and Safety Climate .......................... 34
II.9 Questionnaire as Tools to Assessing Safety Climate .................................... 34
II.9.1 Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) ...... 35
II.9.2 General Guidelines to Use NOSACQ-50 ............................................. 43
II.9.3 Analysing Safety Climate Score.......................................................... 46
II.10 Previous Research ..................................................................................... 48
Chapter III Research Methodology.............................................................................50

III.1 Conceptual Model ..................................................................................... 50

III.2 Problem Solving Systematic ...................................................................... 52
III.2.1 Introduction stage .............................................................................. 53
III.2.2 Collecting Data Stage......................................................................... 55
III.2.3 Data Processing Stage ........................................................................ 56
III.2.4 Analysis Stage ................................................................................... 60
III.3 Conclusion and Suggestion Stage ............................................................... 61
Chapter IV Data Collecting and Data Processing ........................................................62

IV.1 Data Collecting ......................................................................................... 62

IV.1.1 Company Profile................................................................................ 62
IV.1.2 Organization Culture Statement .......................................................... 64
IV.1.3 Safety Policy of PT. X ....................................................................... 64
IV.2 Data Processing ........................................................................................ 65
IV.2.1 Result of NOSACQ-50 Questionnaire ................................................. 65
IV.2.2 Value of Dimension 1 – Management Safety Priority and Ability.......... 66
IV.2.3 Value of Dimension 2 – Management Safety Empowerment ................. 69
IV.2.4 Value of Dimension 3 – Management Safety Justice ............................ 71
IV.2.5 Value of Dimension 4 – Workers Safety Commitment ......................... 73

xi
 IV.2.6 Value of Dimension 5 – Employees Safety Priority and Risk Non-
Acceptance ...................................................................................................... 75
IV.2.7 Value of Dimension 6 – Peer Safety Communication Learning, and Trust
in Safety Ability ............................................................................................... 78
IV.2.8 Value of Dimension 7 – Workers Trust in Efficacy of Safety Systems ... 81
IV.2.9 Result and Representation of Safety Climate Condition ................................ 84
IV.2.10 Recommendation and Suggestion Analysis ............................................. 85
IV.2.11 Suggestion of Safety Improvement and Safety Program ........................... 89
Chapter V Analysis ...................................................................................................91

V.1 Analysis of NOSACQ-50 Questionnaire as Method..................................... 91

V.2 Analysis of Safety Management System in the Company ............................. 92
V.3 Analysis of Suggested Safety Improvement Programs ................................. 92
Chapter VI Conclusion ..............................................................................................95

VI.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 95

VI.2 Limitation of Research .............................................................................. 96
VI.3 Suggestions .............................................................................................. 96
References ...............................................................................................................97

xii