WILL-POWER AND WORK JULES PAYOT, Litt.D., Ph.D. Rector of the Ait-Marseilles University Author of “The Education of the Wil” Authorized Translation by RICHARD DUFFY THIRD EDITION FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK AND LONDON 1923BF 632 .P363 1922. Corraremy, 1021, ay FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed in the Unites States of Amertos Published, June, 1984 Copyright under the Articles of the Copyright Convention of the Pan-American Republics and the United States, August 11, 1910 4-22af HW agit ipales CONTENTS rae INTRODUCTION ......... . vii PREFACE... . are] BOOK T-ATTRACTIONS AND METHODS OF WORK I—LOVE OF WORK THE CONDITION OF ALL PROGRESS... . 3 ‘The Appeal to Fear—The Appeal to Emalation —The Bribe of Reward—Trne Nature of Pleas- ure—The Profound Pleasure of Energy—The Normal Stimulant of the Will—Christopher Colambue—Moral Wretchedness of the Idle— Without Work no Spiritual Health—Joys of Diseovery—Work the Means of Freedom— Human Value of Cooperation—French Effort the Safeguard of Civilisation—No Effort Is Fruitless—Famous Men Have Been as You Are—The Incorruptible Accountant. REAL INTELLIGENCE AND PSEUDO- EFFORT ........ 6 Defamation of Work—Counterfeit Produe- tions — Preeedents— Necessity of Revised Methode—Real Intelligence the Recognition of ‘Things as They Are—The Case of Napoleon— Intelligence Implies s Strong Moral Educa- tv]CONTENTS Pak tion—Insanity: the Distortion of the Sense of Reality—Reality in the Classics—Learning Is Not Intelligence—What One Knows—The Moral Domain—Necessity of Reality in Poli- tics—How to Diecern the Best Minds. WH-—HOW TO WORK ..... « 102 The Value of Time—Proper Use of Time— Economy of Minutes—Varietios of Energy —Knowitig One's Capacity—Forethonght on - What is to be Done—Selesting the Method of Action—Vigor in Beginning an Effort—Certain Counsels—One Thing at a Time—Doing All Things Well—Imaginary Fatigue—Drawing on the Deep Reserves of Energy—lIllusory Ex- hanstion—Only Short Work Periods Noces- sary—How to Limit One’s Effort—Proper Dis- posal of Energy—The Time for Work Is Short—Preparedness for Work—Actual and Fancied Preparation—The Sacred Houre— Importance of Health—Orgenization of Per- sonal Energy—One’s Only Help Lies in One- self—Cooperation. IV—STUDIES OF CERTAIN GREAT MEN . 185 Political Effort Unorganized—~Examples of Authors—The Greatest of Frenchmen—Darwin, Lyell—Poussin, Victor Hugo, Zola—Jules ‘Vere, Jouffroy, Kant—The Case of Renan, of Flaubert, of Littré, of Rollin. [vi]CONTENTS BOOK II—PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF A SOUND METHOD OF WORK rage I—ATTENTION. . . . wae 2 27 Tonportance of Attention—Voluntary Attention is Rare—Breathing as a Factor in Attention Mechanism of Intellectual Freedom—Attention and Sentiment—Singling Out Difficulties—In- fluence of Preparation. TI-MEMORY. . . 6 1 se ee 0 0 6 7 Losses Throngh Useless Learning—Number of Things Known Unimportant—Slow Growth of Ideas of Value—Capital Importance of Words—Value of Associated Ideas—Necessity of Order—Kasential Ideas—Concentration the Real Power—Value of Forgetting—How to Be Master of One's Memory. TIL—INSTRUCTION THROUGH READING . 295 Dangers of Reading—The Four Kinds of Read- ing—Reading for a Profesaion—Bocks Merely ‘Instramenta — Useless Learning — Self-Knowl- edge Through Reading—Complementary Read- ing—Moral Reading—Reading For Diversion— ‘The Art of Taking Notee—Sifting One's Notes—How to Classify Notes—Reading Not Much But Wisely—The Réle of the Critie— Preference For Great Books. (