Aircraft Features and Identification Aircraft are identified by their features. Different features combine to make it easy to ecognize most common aircraft types in flight. Because controllers often give instructions such as, “Follow the Tobago ahead of you on downwind,” or “Pass behind the twin ahead to your right,” pilots should be able to correctly identify the different types of aircraft operating regularly at their airport Look at the different aircraft features. te a. Low wing / single (one) engine b. Low wing / twin (two) engines ‘monoplane (one set of wings) monoplane Se SS . High wing / ingle engine 4. Biplane (two sets of wings) Undercarriage frequently covered witha whe spar SS . Fixed Landing Gear £. Retractable Landing Gear ‘ana &. Tailwheel or conventional so Gear door, li retract ~ go up extend ~ go down 1, Nosewheel or tricycle Undercarriage (taildragger) Landing Gear i. Conventional tail i. Tail ke. VetailDescri features 1 Read the descriptions of four aircraft Match each aircraft, right, with the correct description, Write the letter identifying each aircraft in the space provided for each picture. ing aircraft design’ ‘a. This aircraft is powered by two propeller driven engines located on each wing. It Is supported by the undercarriage which = § retracts into compartments under each ‘wing, The wings are built into the top of, ah the fuselage and they are very straight. b This aircraft has four engines suspended , sh from its wings. It has an anhedral wing or ore==t = ‘wing that is angled down from where it is connected to the top of the fuselage. Its main undercarriage doesn’t extend directly under the fuselage but supports the fuselage between the tyres next to it. © This aircraft has winglets (small angled sections of wing) attached to each wing tip. It has three engines. Two of them are suspended under the wings and one is built into the vertical stabiliser. The horizontal stabiliser is connected to the — fuselage, below the third engine. _ y 4 "Tt srt has er ogg and ae four powerful engines suspended from its wings. It only has a single level cabin Al that seats about 380 people. — 2. Write short descriptions of the two aircraft Pictured below. When you have finished, compare your description with that of the person sitting next to you.Comparing aircraft | Work with a partner. Person A should read about Person A the A300. ‘the MD-80 and Person B should read about McDonnell Douglas MD-80 ‘The McDonnell Douglas MD-80 is a short to medium range aircraft. There is a single aisle, ‘The pwo Pratt & Whiney turbofan engines are mounted on the rear of the fuselage below the ‘Peail. These aircraft have a maximum seating capacity of 147 in economy class. There is no business class. The cabin is 2.24 metres wide, with SB seats across. The wingspan is 32.87 metres and the fusclage is 45.06 metres long. The aircraft can fly at 860 km/h Person B The Airbus 300-600R ‘The Airbus 300-600R isa short, medium to Jongrange aircraft, with two Pratt & Whitney turbofan engines attached to the wings. This aircraft has two aisles with 10 seats across. The cabin is 4.5 metres wide, with a maximum seating capacity of 278. The cabin is divided into business class (24 seats) and economy class (254 seats). ‘The wingspan of the A300-600R is 44.84 ‘metres and the fuselage is 54.08 metres long, Tehas a range of 4,997 nautical miles with a fall passenger load. The cruise altitude of this aircraft is 12,300 metres. The maximum take off ‘weight is 170,500 kg. ‘The A300-600R has four cabin doors, and cargo compartment doors at the front and back of the aircraft. It also has two emergency exits above each wing. A =H atan altitude of 11,800 metres with a range of 2,860 nautical miles, The maximum take off weight is 67,812 kg, ‘The MD-80 has one passenger cabin door on the left sie, and a central staircase in the tail thas three cargo compartment doors and two galley service doors, one at the back and one atthe front. There are four emergency exits above the wings. 2 Work together to answer the following questions. Decide if each statement is true Tor false F. @ The A300-600R can carry more than ‘twice as many passengers as the MD-80. TOF b Both the MD-80 and the A300-600R, have business class seats. TOF ¢ The MD80 has a greater wingspan than ‘the A300-600R. T OF d_ The A300-600R has the same number of ‘emergency exits as the MD-80. T OF © The A300-600R is longer than the MD-80, TOF f “The A300-600R can fly more than 2,500 nm further than the MD-80. T OF g The MD-80 does not cruise as high the A300-600R, T OF The maximum weight of the MD-80 is greater than the maximum weight of the ‘A300-600R. TOFe Talking about aircraft specifications 1. Look at the aircraft specifications shown below for the Airbus 330-200. Maximum takeoff weight 202,000 kg ‘Wing span 60.30 m ‘Overall length 3837 m Vertical fin height 17.897 ‘Cabin width 528m Average cruise speed ‘880 kph Freight capacity 12,858 kg Engines 2 Read the aircraft specifications and answer the questions below. ¢ How fast does the aircraft cruise? Example: What is the wingspan of the aircraft? 60.30 m d_ How much freight (cargo) can it carry? a How long is the aircraft? How many engines does it have? b_ How high is the top of the vertical fin?See fic ihe coe a cicutoeoer evacuation exit.to.the __ How many gallons (1 Dasa GANG nad Ge me estes Deletes Photograph © France. Reproduced by permission. O What is its width? Its 3m wide. O How wide is it? It’s 3m in width, O What is its length? Its 33m in length. O How long is it? Its 33m long. O What is its height? Its 10m high. O How high is it? Its 10m in height. O What is its weight? aa es a) Itweighs 150 (metric) tonnes. W be “Hwa | Boe ee ee O What's its capacity? thas a capacity of 30,0001. se ey OQ How much can ithold? It can hold 30,000 liters. a es 1.6.1. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Bae Talking about dimensions WORKING WITH A PARTNER IF POSSIBLE, PRACTICE ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE B747 (100/200/300 series). SEE ALSO THE GRAMMAR FILE ON PAGE 16. possenger lot: 500 (100 series)/550 (200 series)/640(300 series) range (ull ood): 6 460m (100) /10,900ken (200) /10,500km (300) overall length: 70.66m (231.768) overall height: 1.8m (63.40) wingspan 59.64r (195.62) Intow omnes": 3829 (100)/ 371.9200) /377.8 (300) fuel epocty (ter) 183,570(100)/ 198,360 (200) 19,380 (300) 9 cert, (US gallons) 48,650 (100) / 52,580 (200) / 52,580 (300) 100-200-300 Series normal cruise altitude: — 28,000ft to 39,000ft * MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF WEIGHT 14 Ready or Toke OM!ee lia Expressing Comparisons Expressing Identity or Equivalence Expressing Similarities and Differences Checklist #1 © Comparisons 1. The 747 is less noisy than the 737 on take-off, General rule: adjee- 2. The 737 is (much) noisier than the 777. tives with I or 2 sylla- 3. The A330 is wider than the A320. bles add -ER for the 4, The A320 is narrower than the A330. comparative. Longer 5. The RR Trent 800 is more powerful than the PW 4000. adjectives form their 6. The PW 4000 is less powerful than the RR engine, ‘comparatives with 7. The RR Trent provides greater/more thrust than (does) the PW 400. ‘MORE or LESS 8._The engine burns fuel more efficiently than the other. (adverb) (examples 5, 6, & 8) 9. The B747 is longer than the B767 (is). The coresponing 10. The 8747 has a far greater wingspan than the 8767 (has or does). | [fe cirri 11 The RR Trent provides greater thrust than the PW 4000 (does). | 4.4 yay enna 12 The RR Trent provides greater thrust than does the PW 4000. ust as often Note the position ofthe auariiary inthe last sentence.) 13. Is twice as large as B (is). A is double the size of B. Other common and 14.A is four times heavier than C (is). A weighs four times as much as |_\sefiil patterns to C (does). note © Taentity or Equivatence ‘Ais the same as B. The PW 4000 has the same thrust rating as the second engine (has or does). Again, the correspon- ‘The thrust of the PW 4000 is equivalent to that of the CFM, ing cuxliary may or The thrust is equal to that of the CFM. eet 20 inches is equivalent to/is equal to 50.8 centimeters. approximately Ais nearly the same as B, but it isn't} When mo tems are almost quite as long. not quite identical © Simitarity ana Differences similar to Ais (very, quite) similar to B. similar in A is similar (to B) in overall height. different from | But B is different from A in its thickness. different in It is different (from A) in skin thickness, to differ in/from | B also differs (from A) in its use of composite materials. like Ais like B in many ways, but differs from B in one respect. to be alike Aand B are very much alike, but differ in one minor respect. unlike Unlike A, B requires longer to reach rotation, or take-off speed.{ Training Evarcteast A 1.8. PRACTICE COMPARING AND 1.8.1. COMPARING ONE TO ANOTHER. CONTRASTING LOOK AT THE INFORMATION ON THREE WELL-KNOWN WIDEBODIES. THEN PRACTICE MAKING COMPARISONS. aircraft] AIRBUS A300 TOW = moximurn take-off weight And the MD-10? How does it compare with the others? range: OVERALL HEIGHT: ‘WINGSPAN: MTOW (TONNES) 1.8.2. Practice For each pair below, state the apparent dliffer- ence, then a comparison which explains the dif- a eee eee oe h ae inf im iat ea me @. MD-10/L-1011: overall height b, MD-10/L-1011: wingspan ¢. A300/L-1011: overall length 4. |. A300/MD-10: range with full passenger load ©. B747/L-1011: passenger load and range (see page 14 for information relating to the B747 series) f A300/B747: mtow & BOEING 747 PASSENGER LOAD: ‘OVERALL LENGTH: yon Lot) Se 500-650, 6,460-10,500 km 70.66 m 19.33 m 59.64 m 332.377 380 9670 km (6200 m) ) 55.30 m (181.388) 17.68 m (58ft) 49.17 m (165.28 ft) 251.7 1.8.3. Practice If there is a difference, how great is the differ- ‘ence? Below you will see data for 4 randomly selected engines. How many statements of sim- ilorties and differences can you make? That Tena Ta on (em) dlametertm) ICFMS6-28 106.8 2.43 113 ICFMS6-5A 11.92.42 115 Pwaos4 373.8 4.86 3.04 JT 1505* 19 1530.52 (“This engine powers smaller oicrft such os the Cessna).Task 3.8: Desc! The control tower has asked you to sight some aircraft. What would you be looking for? Write a short description of each aircraft. ing aircraft features Cessna 172 Example: It is a high-wing (or high-winged), single engine aircraft with a fixed-tricycle landing gear. Cherokee Arrow It isa, Cessna 210____ Piper Seminole - ee Piper Tomahawk Cessna 185 Sei } Rockwell Commander. Grob GUIs. ‘Tobago Beechcrait Bonanza