EffShip

WP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas Cleaning

WP3 ‐ Exhaust Gas Cleaning

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Love Hagström
D E C Marine AB
D.E.C. Marine AB

Final Seminar, G
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WP3 Layout
WP3 Layout
• NOx
NOx 
– Primary reduction methods
– After treatment 
After treatment ‐ SCR
• SOx
– Wet Scrubber
Wet Scrubber

March 21, 2013
3
– Dry Scrubber

Gothenburg, M
• PM
– Particulate filter ‐ DPF

Final Seminar, G
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Primary NOx reduction methods

Primary NOx reduction methods

Engine methods
Fuel injection/ valve 
timingg
Fuel nozzle design

Wet methods
Direct water 
Direct water

March 21, 2013
3
injection, DWI
Inlet air 
humidification, HAM

Gothenburg, M
Water/ fuel 
W t /f l
emulsification

EGR – Exhaust gas 
recirculation

Final Seminar, G
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Wet methods
Wet methods 
DWI (Di t W t I j ti )
DWI (Direct Water Injection)  HAM (Humid Air Motor) 
HAM (H id Ai M t )
up to 50% NOx reduction up to 70% NOx reduction

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M
Final Seminar, G 3
Heat absorption 
Heat absorption
by added water
Lower peak 
temperatures

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EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Less oxygen in inlet air
Slower combustion

Final Seminar, G
Up to 70% NOx reduction
d

[MAN]

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SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction

Urea consumption <5% of fuel cons. (TierIII)

March 21, 2013
3
NOx + Urea  → Nitrogen + Water

Power consumption <0.1% of engine power

Injection air for urea atomization

Gothenburg, M
Dust blow for preventing ash deposit

Final Seminar, G
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SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Vanadium (V2O5/TiO2) catalyst  blocks
Withstands SOx in exhaust gas

Final Seminar, G
Large contact surface & open area
Operation temperature 270‐500 °C

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Pre turbo SCR

Pre turbo SCR

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Pre turbo SCR

Final Seminar, G
Higher exhaust pressure 
Higher exhaust temperature 
Suitable for 2‐stroke engines

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OXI Oxidation Catalyst
OXI – Oxidation Catalyst

SCR + OXI
CO
NOx 99%
VOC 90%
100%
PM 50%
CO 90%
VOC

March 21, 2013
3
NOx

Gothenburg, M
0%
SCR OXI

Final Seminar, G
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NOx reduction summary

NOx reduction summary

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Engine  Water  EGR SCR
modifications methods

Final Seminar, G
Compliance Tier II Tier II Tier II‐III Tier III
Fuel penalty YES YES YES NO
PM/ Soot  INCREASE INCREASE INCREASE DECREASE

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Open loop Sea water Scrubber

Open loop – Sea water Scrubber

Open loop
Sea water once through

March 21, 2013
3
SOx +  Seawater → 
Sulphates
Sulphates out to sea

Gothenburg, M
Oil/ Soot to sludge
Oil/ Soot to sludge
Dilution to pH>6

Final Seminar, G
copyright Lloyds register group Limited
py g y g g p

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Closed loop Fresh water Scrubber

Closed loop – Fresh water Scrubber

Closed loop
Sox + Fresh water + NaOH →

March 21, 2013
3
Sulphates
Recirculation of scrubbing water
Sulphates out with bleed‐off

Gothenburg, M
Oil/ Soot to sludge
Oil/ Soot to sludge

Final Seminar, G
copyright Lloyds register group Limited
py g y g g p

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Scrubber tower design

Scrubber tower design

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Scrubber tower
Maximize liquid/gas contact

Final Seminar, G
Maximize reaction time
Lowering temperature
Co‐current flow packed 
Corrosion resistant material wet‐film tower
Images copyright NC State University
g py g y

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Scrubber tower design

Scrubber tower design

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M
Final Seminar, G 3
Wet film tower/ venturi AVC – Advance Vortex Chamber GTM ”in‐line‐scrubber”
[Wärtsilä] [Clean marine] [Green tech marine]

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Other wet scrubber types

Other wet scrubber types

Hybrid wet scrubbers
Can use either open or closed loop cycle
Requires both sea water and fresh water system

ULF Scrubber (CSNOx)
Ultra low frequency waves makes wash water reactive

March 21, 2013
3
Reduces SOx
d (
(SAE), CO
) 2  and NOx
d (
(CNR) 
)
Pilot installation of open loop system 2009
Interest for ULF has diminished due to lack of reports 

Gothenburg, M
Final Seminar, G
F
[Ecospec]
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Dry scrubber
Dry scrubber

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Dry adsorbtion unit
Operation temperature 240‐440 °C
SOx adsorbs onto CaOH granules 

Final Seminar, G
(Limestone), transforms to gypsym
Onshore disposal of reacted granules 
(20% more weight after reaction)
[[Couple Systems]
p y ] No discharge into sea
No discharge into sea

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SOx scrubber comparison

SOx scrubber comparison

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M 3
Wet  Dry 
Scrubber Scrubber
Position After SCR/  Before 
Boiler Boiler

Final Seminar, G
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SOx scrubber comparison

SOx scrubber comparison

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M
Final Seminar, G
F 3
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SOx scrubber comparison

SOx scrubber comparison

March 21, 2013
Gothenburg, M
Final Seminar, G
F 3
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DPF Diesel Particulate Filter
DPF – Diesel Particulate Filter

March 21, 2013
3
Wall‐flow Honeycomb

Gothenburg, M
Ultra low sulphur fuels only!

Regeneration temperature

Final Seminar, G
DPF 550 600 °C
550‐600  C
CDPF 400‐450 °C
CDPF + OXI 320‐350 °C

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WP3 Summary
WP3 ‐

Primary NOx reduction
Up to 70% NOx reduction with EGR/ water
p /
Fuel penalty & increased PM

SCR SOx Scrubbers

March 21, 2013
3
Over 95% NOx reduction
d Up to 99% SOx reduction
d
Proven maritime technology Only few pilot installations
No fuel penalty but requires urea Heavy and voluminous

Gothenburg, M
CDPF OXI
Over 90% PM reduction Boosting SCR and CDPF
Only ULSF fuels VOC, CO & PM reduction

Final Seminar, G
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